Unit4 Space Exploration【单元测试·提升卷】
满分：150分 时间：120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．When did the woman get on the taxi
A．At 7:30. B．At 7:50. C．At 8:05.
【答案】A
【原文】W: Can you drive faster, Sir Look, it is 7:50 now. I have been in your car for 20 minutes.
M: Take it easy. I’ll take a short cut and it will take you only 15 minutes.
W: If so, I’ll be just in time for work.
2．Which should the woman pay for every month
A．Gas. B．Telephone. C．Electricity.
【答案】B
【原文】W: Sir. Shall I pay for electricity every month
M: No. It is included in the rent as well as water and gas, except telephone and the Internet.
3．What kind of drink may the man order
A．Juice. B．Beer. C．Wine.
【答案】A
【原文】W: We have fine beer and hard wine this evening. Which one do you like
M: Neither. Just soft drink, please.
4．When will the man help the woman with her homework
A．On Wednesday.
B．On Friday.
C．On Saturday.
【答案】C
【原文】W：Can you come over to my house on Wednesday and help me with my homework
M：I'm busy until Friday. How about the day after that
W：OK.
5．What will the woman do tomorrow
A．Attend a party.
B．Visit some friends.
C．Have dinner with her mother.
【答案】C
【原文】M：Some friends and I are having a party tomorrow night. It would be great if you could come.
W：Sorry, it is my mother's birthday tomorrow, and I will have dinner with her.
第二节(共15小题;每题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
6．Where does the conversation take place
A．On the phone. B．At a shop. C．In a factory.
7．How much does the raincoat cost each
A．5 dollars. B．6 dollars. C．7 dollars.
【答案】6．A 7．C
【原文】W: Hello. What can I do for you
M: I bought 4 umbrellas and 6 raincoats. But there are several holes in them.
W: Hold on a minute, please. I’d like to check the information with you.
M: OK. I paid 20 dollars for the umbrella and 42 for the raincoats the day before yesterday.
W: Did you repair them
M: No. I don’t know how to deal with them.
W: Then, will you please send them here tomorrow and then I can return them to the factory
M: OK. I’ll drive to your shop tomorrow morning.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．How did the woman probably look
A．Angry.
B．Puzzled.
C．Worried.
9．What is Ann doing
A．Watching a fashion show.
B．Watching a football match.
C．Quarrelling with her husband.
10．What does the woman suggest to the man
A．Making friends with Charlie.
B．Never quarrelling with his wife.
C．Watching the football match at her home.
【答案】8．A 9．A 10．C
【原文】M：Who made you so mad
W：I just had a quarrel with Charlie.
M：Was it because of the football match
W：How did you know
M：Well, I came out for the same reason. I wanted to watch the football match while Ann wanted to watch a fashion show.
W：Ann is lucky. At least she can watch the fashion show. Charlie never gives in.
M：What else can I do then Ann is having a baby now. I can't make her angry. But I do want to watch the football match.
W：I have a good idea. Why don't you go to my home and watch the football match with Charlie I can watch the fashion show with Ann.
M：That's great!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11．How will they go to Sogo Department Store
A．By Jiefang West Road.
B．By Zhongshan Road.
C．By Xinsheng Bridge.
12．How much will the man pay for his ride
A．Only 10 yuan.
B．About 14 yuan.
C．About 20 yuan.
13．When is it hard for people to call a cab in Beijing
A．On rainy days.
B．During the rush hours.
C．In the evening.
【答案】11．C 12．B 13．A
【原文】W：Good day, sir. Where do you want to go
M：Sogo Department Store, on Jiefang East Road.
W：OK. Do you want me to go by Zhongshan Road or by Xinsheng Bridge
M：You decide it. This is my first time to come to Beijing. I am not familiar with the streets.
W：OK. I will take Xinsheng Bridge. I guess, at this time of the day, Zhongshan Road is a little crowded.
M：Well, how much does it cost for the first kilometer
W：Ten yuan. And it will be two yuan for every additional 500 meters. Your destination is about 2 kilometers away.
M：I see. Is it usually easy to call a cab in Beijing
W：Pretty much. But it's hard to say on rainy days like today.
M：I think so. Then how long it will take to get there
W：Well, about twenty minutes.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14．Where are the two speakers now
A．In Paris.
B．In New York.
C．In Beijing.
15．What is the woman doing in the city
A．She is visiting her husband.
B．She is sightseeing.
C．She is working there.
16．How long have the two speakers been out of touch
A．For three months.
B．For one year.
C．For two years.
17．What will the man do after one year
A．Go on working in Beijing.
B．Go back to New York.
C．Travel with his parents.
【答案】14．A 15．C 16．C 17．B
【原文】M：Alice, what a surprise to run into you here! When did you come to Paris
W：Three months ago.
M：What I thought you were just sightseeing here. So you're working here now.
W：That's right. Now I'm teaching English in a middle school.
M：Why did you want to find a teaching job here
W：Well, my husband Mark didn't want to live in New York. He wanted to move to Paris, so I came with him.
M：What When did you get married
W：Last year.
M：Congratulations! We've been out of touch for two years. Many things have happened in the past two years.
W：That's right. So are you working here
M：No. I'm just travelling here with my parents. I still work in Beijing.
W：Do you want to settle down there
M：No. My parents don't want to leave America. I'll work there for one more year. Then I'll go back to New York.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
18．How should you tour San Francisco to appreciate its buildings
A．By air. B．By bus.
C．By foot.
19．What can we learn about the Waters of San Francisco Bay
A．They have high quality sea water.
B．They are explored on a localized level.
C．They have helped the city to develop further.
20．Which tour cost most
A．Tour San Francisco from the Air.
B．Hit the Waters of San Francisco Bay.
C．Tour the City on Foot.
【答案】18．C 19．C 20．A
【原文】The city of San Francisco is a wonderful tourist attraction that offers many different things to see and do. The best way for a traveler to get a good look at the city is to take one of the many different tours there.
Tour the City on Foot
When touring the city by walking， you aren't going to walk much. What's more， there are far more benefits. This kind of tour allows you to see as many buildings of the city as possible. A tour of the city on foot usually focuses on a more localized neighborhood level， which can be very interesting in a number of different ways.
Hit the Waters of San Francisco Bay
The waters of San Francisco Bay have played an important role in the city's development over the last century. Touring San Francisco from the water is a completely unique way for you to see this wonderful city.
Tour San Francisco from the Air
While it is one of the most expensive ways to see San Francisco， touring the city from the air is one of the most unique and thrilling ways to see the city. Seeing the city from high above allows you to get a full view of the city as tour guides point out attractions from high above. If you do decide to tour San Francisco by air， you'll be creating memories that you won't forget forever.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，共37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modem times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
21．As mentioned in the passage, what is the main factor for the continuation of China’s ancient civilization into modern times
A．Chinese writing system
B．Chinese traditional painting
C．Chinese ceramic art
D．Traditional Chinese Medicine
22．Who united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction
A．Emperor Wu of Han
B．Emperor Tang of Shang
C．Emperor Qinshihuang
D．Qin Dynasty
23．In what way did the development of the Chinese writing system in one direction play an important role
A．Change people’s way of life
B．Uniting the Chinese people and culture
C．Inheritance of different types of characters
D．It became an art form
【答案】21．A 22．C 23．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中国以其古老的文明而闻名， 而汉字书写体系是使这些文明一直延续至今的一个重要因素。文章介绍了汉字书写体系的开始，发展以及汉字书写系统的重要性。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段的“There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. (其存续的原因有很多，但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。)”可知，中国古代文明延续到现代的主要因素是汉字书写体系。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. (秦始皇统一七个诸侯国后，在这个统一的国家里，汉字书写体系开始朝着一个方向发展。)”可知，秦始皇将七个主要国家统一为一个国家，中国书写系统开始朝着一个方向发展。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. (这一书写体系对于团结中国人民和文化具有重要意义。)”可知，中国书写系统朝着一个方向发展在团结中国人民和文化方面起着重要作用，故选B。
B
When I was a high school student, mathematics looked like a big barrier for me and several of my classmates. When we reached the ninth class, we got Mr Iyer, a strict maths teacher who was also our class teacher. He always stuck to his discipline. We had to arrive on time, pay undivided attention to his lectures, and dared not to neglect any of his homework.
Even so, as our class teacher, we got to know him better. Noticing some of us fidgeting one day as the mid term exams approached, he stopped solving a mathematical problem to ask us why. “There’s too much to do, ” we sighed. “We’re afraid we’ll never manage to finish our revision before the exam.” “Nothing is impossible, ” Mr Iyer told us. “This classroom is on the second floor. Do you have a problem reaching here ” We reacted with blank stares.
“No, you don’t!” he said, answering his own question.“You have a staircase to help you climb up to this level. No one expects you to make it in two giant leaps. You simply take one step at a time. Any task can be solved if you focus on the immediate action to be taken. The rest will take care of itself, if you keep at it. One step at a time. That’s the secret.” Then he wrote down an old motto on the blackboard—the longest journey starts with a single step. Having heard his staircase analogy(比拟), we understood why he asked us the question and we saw him in a new light.
Most of my classmates scored distinctions in maths. And I went on to become an English teacher. To this day, whenever I pass on Mr Iyer’s invaluable advice to my own students, they brighten up at the prospect of a lighter academic burden.
24．What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．Maths was difficult for most of the author’s classmates.
B．The students thought Mr Iyer was not a good teacher.
C．Mr Iyer would punish the students neglecting his discipline.
D．The students showed great fear to Mr Iyer.
25．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “fidgeting” in Paragraph 2
A．excited B．nervous C．hardworking D．calm
26．Why did the author and his classmates react with blank stares
A．Because they were too tired to understand what Mr Iyer said.
B．Because they felt surprised at such an unbelievable problem.
C．Because they had no interest in any subjects that were no good for their exams.
D．Because they first thought reaching the second floor had no connection with the worry.
27．What does the staircase analogy infer
A．Goals can be reached step by step.
B．One can reach his/her goals in a giant leap.
C．Tasks can be solved under the guidance of the teacher.
D．There is only one step between success and failure.
【答案】24．D 25．B 26．D 27．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者高中时候的一个数学老师的故事。这位数学老师，也是班主任，对学生要求很严格。他布置的作业学生们总是按时完成，上学从不敢迟到，听他的演讲从不敢分心。一次，老师的“爬楼梯”的比喻，对作者的学习和以后的工作都有深刻的、积极的影响。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段中“He always stuck to his discipline. We had to arrive on time, pay undivided attention to his lectures, and dared not to neglect any of his homework.(他总是坚持他的原则。我们必须准时到达，全神贯注地听他的讲座，不能忽视他的任何家庭作业。)”可知，学生们对Mr Iyer表现出极大的恐惧。故选D。
25．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“as the mid term exams approached.”（期中考试临近）以及“There’s too much to do, “ we sighed.” We’re afraid we’ll never manage to finish our revision before the exam.” (“有太多事情要做，”我们叹了口气，“恐怕我们永远无法在考试前完成复习”)”可知，我们感到紧张，故划线词的含义跟nervous相近。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Having heard his staircase analogy, we understood why he asked us the question and we saw him in a new light.(听了他的楼梯比喻，我们明白了他为什么问我们这个问题，我们对他有了新的认识)”可知，作者和其他同学是听了老师的比喻之后才明白了老师为什么问这个问题，故一开始他们对老师的问题感到迷茫，因为他们最初认为到达二楼与他们担心完成不了复习无关。故选D项。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中 “Any task can be solved if you focus on the immediate action to be taken. The rest will take care of itself, if you keep at it. One step at a time. That’s the secret.(如果你专注于立即采取的行动，任何任务都可以解决。如果你坚持下去，剩下的事情就会自行解决。一步一个脚印。这就是秘密)”可知，我们的目标就像爬楼梯一样，会一步一步的实现。故选A。
C
Students at St. Stanislaus High School in Mississippi are among the volunteers along US coasts raising oysters (牡蛎) to help restore, or repair weakened reefs (礁). Oyster reefs are an important part of coastal environments. Each oyster cleans 95 to 190 liters of water a day. The reefs provide living space for shrimp, crabs and fish. They also protect coastlines. In the states of Maryland, Virginia, Mississippi, and Alabama, now there are more than 1,000 oyster gardens. Most of them are in wire cages hanging from private ports.
Colin Wood, one student looking after the St. Stanislaus garden, said he was excited by the hands-on work. “I didn’t realize oysters had a big influence on the environment. And 50,000 to 55,000 adult oysters grown here each year go to reefs in Mobile Bay,” he said.
In the 1950s, an average of 37,400 tons of oysters were taken yearly from partly salty waters in the US. But US oyster harvests fell sharply in the 1990s. Data showed the cause of the drop could be overharvesting, pollution, pests and other problems. Then oyster gardening started.
Oyster gardening uses many of the same methods as farming. Farmers around the country grow oysters near the surface of water. Oysters develop much faster where the water holds more food they eat and enemies can be more easily removed. But the oysters are not being grown to be eaten. Oyster gardens get pulled from the water every seven to ten days. The time out of the water is used to clear out small animals, keep oysters from growing through the wires, and dry and clean off plant-life growing on the wires.
Bob Stokes, the director of the Galveston Bay Foundation in Texas, says, “Oyster gardening is as much about education as it is restoration.”
28．How does Colin Wood feel about his work
A．Simple. B．Tiring. C．Creative. D．Meaningful.
29．What does the author mainly intend to show in paragraph 3
A．The use of oyster gardening.
B．The influence of oyster harvests falling.
C．The reason for starting oyster gardening.
D．The problems oyster gardening is facing.
30．Why should oyster gardens be pulled from the water regularly
A．To repair the cages.
B．To pick weak oysters out.
C．To examine the water quality.
D．To keep a good environment for oysters.
31．What can be the best title for the text
A．What oyster gardening is
B．Oyster reefs are becoming endangered
C．Volunteers keep oysters to restore reefs
D．Why oysters are growing popular in the US
【答案】28．D 29．C 30．D 31．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。密西西比州圣斯坦尼斯劳斯高中的学生是美国沿海地区的志愿者之一，他们饲养牡蛎，帮助恢复或修复受损的珊瑚礁。文章对此进行了介绍。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段“Colin Wood, one student looking after the St. Stanislaus garden, said he was excited by the hands-on work. “I didn’t realize oysters had a big influence on the environment. And 50,000 to 55,000 adult oysters grown here each year go to reefs in Mobile Bay,” he said.(科林·伍德是一名照看圣斯坦尼斯劳斯花园的学生，他说他对亲自动手的工作感到兴奋。“我没有意识到牡蛎对环境有这么大的影响。每年在这里生长的5万到5.5万只成年牡蛎会流向莫比尔湾的珊瑚礁。”)”可知，科林·伍德觉得自己的工作很有意义。故选D。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Then oyster gardening started.(然后牡蛎种植开始了。)”和前三句“In the 1950s, an average of 37,400 tons of oysters were taken yearly from partly salty waters in the US. But US oyster harvests fell sharply in the 1990s. Data showed the cause of the drop could be overharvesting, pollution, pests and other problems.(在20世纪50年代，平均每年有37400吨牡蛎从美国部分咸水中被捕捞。但美国牡蛎产量在20世纪90年代急剧下降。数据显示，数量下降的原因可能是过度捕捞、污染、害虫和其他问题。)”可知，第三段主要是表明开始牡蛎种植的原因。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“The time out of the water is used to clear out small animals, keep oysters from growing through the wires, and dry and clean off plant-life growing on the wires.(离开水的时间用来清除小动物，防止牡蛎通过铁丝生长，干燥和清洁铁丝上生长的植物。)”可知，牡蛎园要定期从水里捞出来是为了给牡蛎提供良好的生长环境。故选D。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Students at St. Stanislaus High School in Mississippi are among the volunteers along US coasts raising oysters (牡蛎) to help restore, or repair weakened reefs (礁).(密西西比州圣斯坦尼斯劳斯高中的学生是美国沿海地区的志愿者之一，他们饲养牡蛎，帮助恢复或修复受损的珊瑚礁。)”可知，文章主要是讲志愿者饲养牡蛎以恢复珊瑚礁。故选C。
D
According to a new report in Chinese social media platform Xiaohongshu, the number of online posts related to the circulation(流通) of used goods in 2022 increased by 814 percent year on year. Instead of buying useless things, people are changing towards using secondhand goods and replacing underused or unused objects. This trend is picking up in the country.
Since the summer of 2022, a 26-year-old Shanghai citizen named Chen Jiaorong has been walking along Julu Road in Shanghai’s downtown area once or twice a week, looking around and picking up “garbage” (垃圾). After her action was noticed online, she was described by others as a “stooper”.
The word “stoop” means to bend forward, but in the United States, it also refers to a platform or entrance stairway to a house. The term “stooper” was created in the US after a lot of people put their used or underused belongings in front of their doorsteps to be taken away for free by those in need. Later, “stooping” was used to mean “picking up abandoned goods and recycling them”.
As the first “stooper” in China, Chen had her own way. She picked unused goods to help find suitable new owners for some items. When she found such abandoned (被抛弃的) goods, she put a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them before publishing notes on her social media accounts, and guiding others to pick them up from the streets.
“‘Stooping’ is a new word in China, and some people even have no idea of it. Most of us still think secondhand goods are dirty and it is embarrassing to reuse them,” said Wu Kaisi, a well-known stooper in Guangzhou. “The slowing economy and the increasing cost of living have pushed the development of the used-goods industry. People are gradually advocating (提倡) a savings-based consumption (消费) and environment-friendly lifestyle instead of blindly seeking for expensive consumption. Now, more young people are joining us.”
32．What does the report in paragraph 1 show
A．Selling used items is popular among young people.
B．Reusing secondhand goods has become a new trend.
C．People tend to buy products from social media platform.
D．The buying power of Chinese consumers is in decline.
33．What is the purpose of paragraph 3
A．To explain a fact. B．To make a prediction.
C．To make some concepts clear. D．To present an example.
34．How did Chen find owners for the abandoned goods
A．By organizing offline sales. B．By displaying them on Julu Road.
C．By putting up notices on the street. D．By posting related information online.
35．What does Wu Kaisi think of the lifestyle of stooping
A．It is embarrassing.
B．It is worth advocating.
C．It slows down the development of economy.
D．It changes young people’s wasteful lifestyle
【答案】32．B 33．C 34．D 35．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了人们的消费观正在发生改变，他们倾向于使用二手物品，并更换自己未充分使用或未使用的物品，而上海姑娘陈娇蓉作为中国第一位“垃圾猎人”，会沿着巨鹿路寻找别人不要的东西，并帮助这些东西找到新的主人。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“According to a new report in Chinese social media platform Xiaohongshu, the number of online posts related to the circulation(流通) of used goods in 2022 increased by 814 percent year on year. Instead of buying useless things, people are changing towards using secondhand goods and replacing underused or unused objects. This trend is picking up in the country.(根据中国社交媒体平台小红书的一份新报告，2022年与二手商品流通相关的在线帖子数量同比增长814%。人们不再购买无用的东西，而是转向使用二手商品，更换未充分利用或未使用的物品。这一趋势在该国逐渐抬头。)”可推测出，重复利用二手物品已经成为一个新趋势。故选B。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段“The word ‘stoop’ means to bend forward, but in the United States, it also refers to a platform or entrance stairway to a house. The term ‘stooper’ was created in the US after a lot of people put their used or underused belongings in front of their doorsteps to be taken away for free by those in need. Later, ‘stooping’ was used to mean ‘picking up abandoned goods and recycling them’.(‘弯腰’一词的意思是向前弯曲，但在美国，它也指通往房屋的平台或入口楼梯。‘弯腰者’一词是在美国产生的，因为很多人把他们用过或未充分使用的物品放在家门口，由有需要的人免费拿走。后来，‘弯腰’被用来表示‘捡起废弃的物品并回收利用’。)”可知，本段主要解释了stoop、stooper、stooping三个词的含义，由此可推测出，本段主要是为了把一些概念讲清楚。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When she found such abandoned(被抛弃的) goods, she put a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them before publishing notes on her social media accounts, and guiding others to pick them up from the streets.(当她发现这些被遗弃的物品时，她在上面贴了一对眼球状的贴纸，然后在社交媒体账户上发布笔记，并引导其他人从街上捡起来。)”可知，她通过在网上发布相关信息来帮助别人找到这些被遗弃的物品。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Wu Kaisi的话“The slowing economy and the increasing cost of living have pushed the development of the used-goods industry. People are gradually advocating(提倡) a savings-based consumption(消费) and environment-friendly lifestyle instead of blindly seeking for expensive consumption. Now, more young people are joining us.”(经济放缓和生活成本上升推动了二手商品行业的发展。人们逐渐提倡以储蓄为基础的消费和环保的生活方式，而不是一味追求昂贵的消费。现在，越来越多的年轻人加入了我们的行列。)”可推测出，他认为捡二手物品的生活方式值得提倡。故选B。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How is eating in space different from eating on Earth
If you send astronauts into space, you have to send along food as well. But what do astronauts eat, and how do they eat it Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space.
First, and possibly most important, is nutrition (营养). 36 Providing junk food to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy.
37 If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you’ve ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn’t feel well, you’ll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission want their astronauts to eat regularly.
The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they won’t spill (洒落/溢出) into the cabin (one of the areas inside a spacecraft). Water or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it. 38 A loose knife bouncing (弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous.
39 The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated (计算) in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. 40 Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (使脱水). When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to the meal and warm it up.
Despite all these requirements, much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on any given day.
A．Believe it or not, they also have fresh fruits and vegetables.
B．Keeping astronauts’ physical health is a top task for any space mission.
C．Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.
D．Taste is also important.
E．For the same reason, sharp knives and folks are never used on board.
F．Nutrition and practicality(实用) are important things to consider.
G．Finally, weight is an important concern.
【答案】36．B 37．D 38．E 39．G 40．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍决定宇航员在太空中吃什么以及怎样吃需要考虑的几个因素。
36．上文“First, and possibly most important, is nutrition (营养). (首先，可能也是最重要的一点是营养。)”是本段的主旨句，说明了营养是科学家在规划宇航员用餐时需要重点考虑的因素；下文“Providing junk food to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy. (提供垃圾食品吃，如薯片、苏打水和披萨，会使宇航员不健康。)”说明了垃圾食品会使得宇航员不健康；B选项：Keeping astronauts’ physical health is a top task for any space mission.(保持宇航员的身体健康是任何太空任务的首要任务。)与本文主旨一致，且与后文形成对比关系，其中的health与后文的unhealthy相对应，符合题意。故选B项。
37．设空句为本段主旨句，根据后文“If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. (如果提供的食物很难吃，宇航员可能会避免食用。)”说明了食物味道的重要性；D项：Taste is also important. (味道也很重要)中的taste与后文的distasteful相对应，符合题意。故选D项。
38．本段主旨句“The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space. (宇宙飞船中缺乏重力也决定了在太空中什么食物可以吃，什么食物不可以吃。)”说明了重力也是宇航员饮食中需要考虑的因素之一；后文“A loose knife bouncing (弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous. (一把松动的刀在舱内弹跳是很危险的。)”说明了刀在太空舱到处弹跳是危险的；E选项：For the same reason, sharp knives and folks are never used on board (同样的原因，锋利的刀和人在船上从不使用。)中的knife与后文的knife相对应，the same reason就是指开头的The lack of gravity ，符合题意。故选E项。
39．后文“The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated (计算) in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. (为了确保有足够的燃料和动力将航天器安全送入太空并返回地球，必须计算航天器中包含的每个物体的重量。)”说明重量也是宇航员饮食中要考虑的因素；G选项：Finally, weight is an important concern. (最后，重量是一个重要的问题)与后文的weight相对应，且finally与前文也形成了并列关系，符合题意。故选G项。
40．根据后文“Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (使脱水). When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to the meal and warm it up. (大多数食物都储存在塑料袋里，而且这些食物经常是脱水的。当宇航员准备吃东西时，就会把热水加到饭里并把它加热。)”说明了宇航员食物的包装方式；C选项：Food packaging is made to be as light as possible. (食品包装要尽可能的轻)中的packing与后文的stored相对应，light与本段的论点weight相对应，符合题意。故选C项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 1961, President John F. Kennedy Jr. set a goal: he wanted to land a man on the moon to show America’s 41 in the Space Race.
42 a decade later, Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the moon on Sunday, July 20, 1969. Aldrin later joined him on the moon’s surface and they 43 a US flag, took photographs, and 44 the first samples from our satellite.
The Apollo crew of Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins travelled 240,000 miles in 76 hours to reach the moon. During the mission, the food items the astronauts ate on the surface of the moon in the lunar module 45 the following: beef stew, bacon squares, date fruit cake, and grape punch.
Over 400,000 people supported the 46 , including people from the Johnson Space Center in Houston and the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral. Armstrong’s famous first words “one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” 47 on television channels and through newspapers around the world.
After World War Ⅱ 48 on September 2, 1945, a new conflict began between the United States and the Soviet Union. The United States and the Soviet Union had 49 ideologies(意识形态): the United States was capitalist, 50 the Soviet Union was socialist.
The Space Race started when a Soviet missile launched Sputnik(Russian for “traveller”), the world’s first artificial satellite on October 4, 1957. Sputnik became the first man-made 51 to orbit Earth. The US decided to act quickly in order to prove 52 . From 1961 to 1964, NASA’s budget 53 by 500 percent. When Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon, America was declared the 54 of the Space Race. The US had spent about $25 billion on the program, over $100 billion in today’s dollars.
More than 50 years after Apollo, NASA vows to land the first woman on the moon with the Artemis program and with the help of an increase in NASA’s budget by $1.6 billion by former President Trump. The new mission, 55 the twin sister of Apollo and Greek Goddess of the moon, will be headed to the moon’s south pole where the craters(火山口)hold large deposits of water ice.
41．A．dominance B．rule C．regulation D．management
42．A．More than B．No more than C．No less than D．Less than
43．A．grew B．rose C．planted D．carried
44．A．brought up B．brought back C．brought in D．brought about
45．A．persisted in B．consisted of C．made up D．insisted on
46．A．task B．landing C．contest D．mission
47．A．were showed B．were printed C．echoed D．expressed
48．A．stopped B．ended C．paused D．suspended
49．A．similar B．special C．political D．conflicting
50．A．where B．while C．so D．when
51．A．machine B．facility C．object D．equipment
52．A．superiority B．ability C．position D．influence
53．A．decreased B．dropped C．shrank D．increased
54．A．amateur B．winner C．competitor D．loser
55．A．taken after B．taking on C．named after D．looking after
【答案】
41．A 42．D 43．C 44．B 45．B 46．D 47．C 48．B 49．D 50．B 51．C 52．A 53．D 54．B 55．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国和苏联的太空竞赛。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1961年，美国总统小约翰·肯尼迪(John F. Kennedy Jr.)设定了一个目标：他想让人类登上月球，以显示美国在太空竞赛中的统治地位。A. dominance统治；B. rule规则；C. regulation规章制度；D. management管理。根据“President John F. Kennedy Jr. set a goal”和“in the Space Race”可知，此处表示显示美国在太空竞赛上的统治地位。故选A。
42．考查固定短语辨析。句意：不到十年后，1969年7月20日，星期天，尼尔·阿姆斯特朗成为第一个踏上月球的人。A. More than多于；B. No more than只不过，仅仅；C. No less than不少于；D. Less than少于。根据上文“In 1961, President John F. Kennedy Jr. set a goal”和“Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the moon on Sunday, July 20, 1969.”可知，从设定目标到实现目标不到十年时间。故选D。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：奥尔德林后来和他一起登上了月球表面，他们插上了美国国旗，拍了照片，并从我们的卫星上带回了第一批样本。A. grew成长；B. rose上升；C. planted竖立；安放；D. carried携带。根据下文“a US flag”可知，此处说的是插上了美国国旗，呼应上文设定目标，显示美国在太空中的地位。plant a flag为固定短语，意为“插上国旗”。故选C。
44．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. brought up抚养；B. brought back带回来；C. brought in引进，生产；D. brought about造成。根据“the first samples from our satellite”可知，他们登上月球后带回样本。故选B。
45．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在执行任务期间，宇航员在登月舱里在月球表面吃的食物包括：炖牛肉、培根方块、枣果蛋糕和葡萄潘治酒。A. persisted in坚持不懈；B. consisted of由……组成，包括；C. made up编造，化妆；D. insisted on坚持要求，坚持认为。根据“beef stew, bacon squares, date fruit cake, and grape punch.”可知，在月球上的饮食由这些食物构成。故选B。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：超过40万人支持这项任务，包括来自休斯敦约翰逊航天中心和卡纳维拉尔角肯尼迪航天中心的人员。A. task任务；B. landing登陆，着陆；C. contest比赛，竞赛；D. mission任务。根据上文“During the mission”可知，此处是信息词mission的词汇复现。故选D。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：阿姆斯特朗著名的第一句话“个人的一小步，人类的一大步”在世界各地的电视频道和报纸上回响。A. were showed展示；B. were printed打印，印刷；C. echoed回响，回荡；D. expressed表达。根据“Armstrong’s famous first words “one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind””可知，此处表示他的名言在全世界电视机、报纸上回荡。故选C。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1945年9月2日，第二次世界大战结束后，美国和苏联之间开始了新的冲突。A. stopped停止；B. ended结束；C. paused暂停，停顿；D. suspended悬挂。根据“on September 2, 1945”和“a new conflict began”可知，此处表示第二次世界大战结束。故选B。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国和苏联有相互冲突的意识形态：美国是资本主义，而苏联是社会主义。A. similar相似的；B. special特别的；C. political政治的；D. conflicting相矛盾的，不一致的。根据“a new conflict began between the United States and the Soviet Union”可知，美国和苏联的意识形态有冲突。故选D。
50．考查连词词义辨析。句意同上。A. where在……的地方；B. while然而；C. so因此；D. when当……时候。上文提到“美国是资本主义”，下文提到“苏联是社会主义”，上下文为对比关系。故选B。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯普特尼克号成为第一个绕地球轨道运行的人造物体。A. machine机器；B. facility设施；C. object目标，物体；D. equipment装备。根据上文“The Space Race started when a Soviet missile launched Sputnik(Russian for “traveller”), the world’s first artificial satellite on October 4, 1957.”可知，斯普特尼克号是第一个人造卫星，因此它是第一个绕地球轨道运行的人造物体。故选C。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了证明自己的优势，美国决定迅速采取行动。A. superiority优势，优越感；B. ability能力；C. position位置；D. influence影响。根据上文“he wanted to land a man on the moon to show America’s 1 in the Space Race.”可知，美国决定迅速采取行动是为了证明自己的优势。故选A。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从1961年到1964年，NASA的预算增加了500%。A. decreased减少；B. dropped使落下；C. shrank收缩；D. increased增加。根据下文“The US had spent about $25 billion on the program, over $100 billion in today’s dollars.”可知，NASA的预算增加了500%。故选D。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当尼尔·阿姆斯特朗踏上月球时，美国被宣布为太空竞赛的赢家。A. amateur业余爱好者；B. winner胜利者；C. competitor竞争者；D. loser失败者。根据“Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the moon on Sunday, July 20, 1969.”可知，当尼尔·阿姆斯特朗踏上月球时，美国成为太空竞赛的赢家。故选B。
55．考查动词短语辨析。句意：新任务以阿波罗和希腊月亮女神的孪生姐妹命名，将前往月球南极，那里的陨石坑中有大量的水冰沉积物。A. taken after与……相像；B. taking on承担；C. named after以……命名；D. looking after照顾。根据“the twin sister of Apollo and Greek Goddess of the moon”可知，此处表示新任务以阿波罗和希腊月亮女神的孪生姐妹命名。故选C。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Shenzhou-17 crewed spaceship is scheduled to be launched at 11:14 a. m. Thursday from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The China Manned Space Agency is quite 56 (confidence) that the mission will be a success. 57 spaceship was transferred vertically across 1,500 meters from the assembly building to the pad.
58 (equip) with multiple advanced systems, the spaceship will carry three astronauts who are eager 59 (carry) out the Shenzhou-17 spaceflight mission. Shenzhou-17, considered to be one of the most important space 60 (mission) in recent years, is the 30th flight mission of China's manned space program and the 12th manned mission of the program.
The launch will use a Long March-2F carrier rocket, 61 will be filled with fuel soon. The Shenzhou-17 spaceship will connect to the space station core module Tianhe, 62 (form) a combination of three modules and three spacecraft. The crew is scheduled to return in April next year. They 63 (land) in north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Product qualities of the Shenzhou-16 spaceship and the Long March-2F carrier rocket are 64 control. The astronauts have made all preparations for the launch 65 are ready to go to space.
【答案】
56．confident 57．The 58．Equipped 59．to carry 60．missions 61．which 62．forming 63．will land 64．under 65．and
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了神舟十七号载人飞船的相关信息。
56．考查形容词。句意：中国载人航天局相信这次任务会成功。confidence“自信”，是名词。confident“自信的”，是形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处使用形容词confident，作is的表语。故填confident。
57．考查冠词。句意：飞船从组装大楼的1500米处垂直转移到发射台。此处特指神舟十七号载人飞船，用定冠词the。注意首字母大写。故填 The。
58．考查非谓语动词。句意：飞船配备了多种先进的系统，将搭载三名渴望执行神舟十七号太空飞行任务的宇航员。equip“配备”，是动词。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为will carry，故本空为非谓语，且the spaceship与equip为被动关系，故此处用动词过去分词作状语。故填Equipped。
59．考查非谓语动词。句意：飞船配备了多种先进的系统，将搭载三名渴望执行神舟十七号太空飞行任务的宇航员。carry out“执行”，be eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”，故本空填不定式to carry。故填to carry。
60．考查名词。句意：神舟十七号被认为是近年来最重要的太空任务之一。mission“任务”，是可数名词。one of+可数名词复数，故填 missions，作宾语。故填missions。
61．考查定语从句。句意：此次发射将使用长征二号F运载火箭，该火箭即将加注燃料。分析句子结构可知，本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词a Long March-2Fcarrier rocket，指物，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which，引导定语从句。故填which。
62．考查非谓语动词。句意：神舟十七号飞船将连接到空间站核心舱天河，形成三个模块和三个航天器的组合。form“形成”，是动词。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为will connect，故本空为非谓语，且The Shenzhou-17 spaceship与form为主动关系，故此处用现在分词forming作状语。故填forming。
63．考查时态。句意：他们将在中国北方的内蒙古自治区着陆。land“着陆”，是动词。根据上句中的“next year”和本句句意可知，此处用一般将来时，结构为:will+动词原形。故填will land。
64．考查介词。句意：神舟十七号飞船和长征二号F火箭的产品质量在控制之下。介词under意为“在……之下”。结合空后的control可知，本空填介词under， under control“在控制之下”。故填under。
65．考查连词。句意：宇航员们为发射做了一切准备，准备去太空。结合句意可知，此句前后两部分是并列关系，故用连词and“和”连接前后两部分。故填and。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66．2022年6月5日，中国神舟14号载人飞船发射取得圆满成功! 近些年，世界各国都在不断加强太空探索。最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下列提供的信息，结合必修三第四单元Is exploring space a waste of time and money 中的观点，写一篇辩论文。
要点如下 ：1. 30%的同学认为太空探索不值得，70%的同学认为值得探索。
2.明确你的观点立场， 并陈述理由（至少陈述两个理由）
注意 ：1.写作词数应为100左右；
2.题目和首句已为你写好；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Is exploring space a waste of time and money
Recently, our class has had a debate about whether exploring space is a waste of time and money.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version
Recently, our class has had a debate about whether exploring space is a waste of time and money. 30% of students are against it, however, 70% of them support it, thinking it is very necessary. In my opinion, exploring space has helped us greatly.
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them.
In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放式作文。要求考生就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题进行阐述，并表明自己的观点，陈述理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
支持，赞成：support→be in favor of
依我看来：in my opinion→from my point of view
此外：secondly→furthermore
解决：solve→work out
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：30% of students are against it, however, 70% of them support it, thinking it is very necessary.
拓展句：30% of students are against it, however, 70% of them support it because they think it is very necessary.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. (运用了that引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2]Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them. (运用了动名词短语作主语)
第二节(满分25分)
67.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
One time, the teachers at a school wanted to teach the students about airplanes. While all airplanes can fly, some are able to fly farther than others. This is because not all airplanes are built the same. For example, a fighter plane looks very different from a plane that people fly in when they want to go on a holiday. The teachers wondered how they could make students understand this.
Then, the science teacher, Mr Moose, decided that the school should have a paper airplane contest. The students would produce paper airplane designs. They would stand in line on the playground behind the school. The students would take turns throwing their airplanes. The student whose airplane went the farthest would win.
When Mr Moose announced the paper airplane contest to the students, they were very excited. A student named Paul, who was on the wrestling team, bragged (吹牛) to everyone else that his airplane would win. “I am the strongest,” Paul said. “So I will be able to throw my airplane the farthest.” However, while Paul was saying this, another student, Brian, was thinking how he could win. Brian did not play any sports and was not very strong. But he loved airplanes and really wanted to win the contest.
Brian realized what he had to do. He went to the store and bought a big stack of paper. When he got home, he took the paper into his backyard. He took a piece of paper and folded an airplane. It didn't go very far, so Brian took another sheet and folded another airplane and threw it. This airplane went a little farther. Brian kept folding different kinds of airplanes and throwing them. Some went very far and some did not. Finally, when Brian had used all the paper, he walked up to the airplane that had flown the farthest and picked it up.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The next day was the contest. All the students lined up. Everyone took turns. After a while, everyone had thrown except Paul and Brian. Paul went first. With a mighty yell, he launched the airplane into the sky. It went farther than any other airplane. Everyone clapped. Finally, it was Brian's turn. Brian took the airplane that he had picked up the day before. He walked up to the line and, with all his strength, he threw the plane. It went flying, farther and farther, until finally it landed—10 feet past Paul's plane! The whole school cheered. Brian was the winner. Mr Moose gave him a prize: a toy airplane.
Brian won because he tried out many solutions to the problem of how to make an airplane fly very far. He did this by testing out many different designs and comparing the results. When he found the design that worked best—the paper airplane that flew the farthest—he used it. Because Brian tried a lot of designs, he was able to make up for his lack of strength and beat Paul.
【分析】这是一篇读后续写作文。
【详解】写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学校老师为了让学生们了解飞机，决定举办一场纸飞机比赛。Paul是学生中力气最大的，自认为一定能把飞机扔得最远。Brian虽力气不大，但酷爱飞机，他想赢得这场比赛，为此他多次进行尝试，最后选出了能飞得最远的设计。比赛结果最终怎样，让我们拭目以待。
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：第二天是比赛。所以后文应该是讲述比赛当天的情况，着重描写Brian与Paul的比赛情况；第二段开头是：Brian赢了，因为他尝试了许多方法来解决如何使飞机飞得很远的问题。本段应该写Brian是如何赢得比赛的。他测试了许多不同的设计，并比较了结果。当他找到了最有效的设计——飞得最远的纸飞机——他就使用了它。因为Brian尝试了很多设计，他能够弥补自己力量的不足，打败Paul。
最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右。
【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：line up，than any other，with all his strength等高级词汇；Brian took the airplane that he had picked up the day before.定语从句；Because Brian tried a lot of designs, he was able to make up for his lack of strength and beat Paul.原因状语从句等高级句式。Unit4 Space Exploration【单元测试·提升卷】
满分：150分 时间：120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．When did the woman get on the taxi
A．At 7:30. B．At 7:50. C．At 8:05.
2．Which should the woman pay for every month
A．Gas. B．Telephone. C．Electricity.
3．What kind of drink may the man order
A．Juice. B．Beer. C．Wine.
4．When will the man help the woman with her homework
A．On Wednesday.
B．On Friday.
C．On Saturday.
5．What will the woman do tomorrow
A．Attend a party.
B．Visit some friends.
C．Have dinner with her mother.
第二节(共15小题;每题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
6．Where does the conversation take place
A．On the phone. B．At a shop. C．In a factory.
7．How much does the raincoat cost each
A．5 dollars. B．6 dollars. C．7 dollars.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．How did the woman probably look
A．Angry.
B．Puzzled.
C．Worried.
9．What is Ann doing
A．Watching a fashion show.
B．Watching a football match.
C．Quarrelling with her husband.
10．What does the woman suggest to the man
A．Making friends with Charlie.
B．Never quarrelling with his wife.
C．Watching the football match at her home.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11．How will they go to Sogo Department Store
A．By Jiefang West Road.
B．By Zhongshan Road.
C．By Xinsheng Bridge.
12．How much will the man pay for his ride
A．Only 10 yuan.
B．About 14 yuan.
C．About 20 yuan.
13．When is it hard for people to call a cab in Beijing
A．On rainy days.
B．During the rush hours.
C．In the evening.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14．Where are the two speakers now
A．In Paris.
B．In New York.
C．In Beijing.
15．What is the woman doing in the city
A．She is visiting her husband.
B．She is sightseeing.
C．She is working there.
16．How long have the two speakers been out of touch
A．For three months.
B．For one year.
C．For two years.
17．What will the man do after one year
A．Go on working in Beijing.
B．Go back to New York.
C．Travel with his parents.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
18．How should you tour San Francisco to appreciate its buildings
A．By air. B．By bus.
C．By foot.
19．What can we learn about the Waters of San Francisco Bay
A．They have high quality sea water.
B．They are explored on a localized level.
C．They have helped the city to develop further.
20．Which tour cost most
A．Tour San Francisco from the Air.
B．Hit the Waters of San Francisco Bay.
C．Tour the City on Foot.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，共37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modem times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
21．As mentioned in the passage, what is the main factor for the continuation of China’s ancient civilization into modern times
A．Chinese writing system
B．Chinese traditional painting
C．Chinese ceramic art
D．Traditional Chinese Medicine
22．Who united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction
A．Emperor Wu of Han
B．Emperor Tang of Shang
C．Emperor Qinshihuang
D．Qin Dynasty
23．In what way did the development of the Chinese writing system in one direction play an important role
A．Change people’s way of life
B．Uniting the Chinese people and culture
C．Inheritance of different types of characters
D．It became an art form
B
When I was a high school student, mathematics looked like a big barrier for me and several of my classmates. When we reached the ninth class, we got Mr Iyer, a strict maths teacher who was also our class teacher. He always stuck to his discipline. We had to arrive on time, pay undivided attention to his lectures, and dared not to neglect any of his homework.
Even so, as our class teacher, we got to know him better. Noticing some of us fidgeting one day as the mid term exams approached, he stopped solving a mathematical problem to ask us why. “There’s too much to do, ” we sighed. “We’re afraid we’ll never manage to finish our revision before the exam.” “Nothing is impossible, ” Mr Iyer told us. “This classroom is on the second floor. Do you have a problem reaching here ” We reacted with blank stares.
“No, you don’t!” he said, answering his own question.“You have a staircase to help you climb up to this level. No one expects you to make it in two giant leaps. You simply take one step at a time. Any task can be solved if you focus on the immediate action to be taken. The rest will take care of itself, if you keep at it. One step at a time. That’s the secret.” Then he wrote down an old motto on the blackboard—the longest journey starts with a single step. Having heard his staircase analogy(比拟), we understood why he asked us the question and we saw him in a new light.
Most of my classmates scored distinctions in maths. And I went on to become an English teacher. To this day, whenever I pass on Mr Iyer’s invaluable advice to my own students, they brighten up at the prospect of a lighter academic burden.
24．What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．Maths was difficult for most of the author’s classmates.
B．The students thought Mr Iyer was not a good teacher.
C．Mr Iyer would punish the students neglecting his discipline.
D．The students showed great fear to Mr Iyer.
25．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “fidgeting” in Paragraph 2
A．excited B．nervous C．hardworking D．calm
26．Why did the author and his classmates react with blank stares
A．Because they were too tired to understand what Mr Iyer said.
B．Because they felt surprised at such an unbelievable problem.
C．Because they had no interest in any subjects that were no good for their exams.
D．Because they first thought reaching the second floor had no connection with the worry.
27．What does the staircase analogy infer
A．Goals can be reached step by step.
B．One can reach his/her goals in a giant leap.
C．Tasks can be solved under the guidance of the teacher.
D．There is only one step between success and failure.
C
Students at St. Stanislaus High School in Mississippi are among the volunteers along US coasts raising oysters (牡蛎) to help restore, or repair weakened reefs (礁). Oyster reefs are an important part of coastal environments. Each oyster cleans 95 to 190 liters of water a day. The reefs provide living space for shrimp, crabs and fish. They also protect coastlines. In the states of Maryland, Virginia, Mississippi, and Alabama, now there are more than 1,000 oyster gardens. Most of them are in wire cages hanging from private ports.
Colin Wood, one student looking after the St. Stanislaus garden, said he was excited by the hands-on work. “I didn’t realize oysters had a big influence on the environment. And 50,000 to 55,000 adult oysters grown here each year go to reefs in Mobile Bay,” he said.
In the 1950s, an average of 37,400 tons of oysters were taken yearly from partly salty waters in the US. But US oyster harvests fell sharply in the 1990s. Data showed the cause of the drop could be overharvesting, pollution, pests and other problems. Then oyster gardening started.
Oyster gardening uses many of the same methods as farming. Farmers around the country grow oysters near the surface of water. Oysters develop much faster where the water holds more food they eat and enemies can be more easily removed. But the oysters are not being grown to be eaten. Oyster gardens get pulled from the water every seven to ten days. The time out of the water is used to clear out small animals, keep oysters from growing through the wires, and dry and clean off plant-life growing on the wires.
Bob Stokes, the director of the Galveston Bay Foundation in Texas, says, “Oyster gardening is as much about education as it is restoration.”
28．How does Colin Wood feel about his work
A．Simple. B．Tiring. C．Creative. D．Meaningful.
29．What does the author mainly intend to show in paragraph 3
A．The use of oyster gardening.
B．The influence of oyster harvests falling.
C．The reason for starting oyster gardening.
D．The problems oyster gardening is facing.
30．Why should oyster gardens be pulled from the water regularly
A．To repair the cages.
B．To pick weak oysters out.
C．To examine the water quality.
D．To keep a good environment for oysters.
31．What can be the best title for the text
A．What oyster gardening is
B．Oyster reefs are becoming endangered
C．Volunteers keep oysters to restore reefs
D．Why oysters are growing popular in the US
D
According to a new report in Chinese social media platform Xiaohongshu, the number of online posts related to the circulation(流通) of used goods in 2022 increased by 814 percent year on year. Instead of buying useless things, people are changing towards using secondhand goods and replacing underused or unused objects. This trend is picking up in the country.
Since the summer of 2022, a 26-year-old Shanghai citizen named Chen Jiaorong has been walking along Julu Road in Shanghai’s downtown area once or twice a week, looking around and picking up “garbage” (垃圾). After her action was noticed online, she was described by others as a “stooper”.
The word “stoop” means to bend forward, but in the United States, it also refers to a platform or entrance stairway to a house. The term “stooper” was created in the US after a lot of people put their used or underused belongings in front of their doorsteps to be taken away for free by those in need. Later, “stooping” was used to mean “picking up abandoned goods and recycling them”.
As the first “stooper” in China, Chen had her own way. She picked unused goods to help find suitable new owners for some items. When she found such abandoned (被抛弃的) goods, she put a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them before publishing notes on her social media accounts, and guiding others to pick them up from the streets.
“‘Stooping’ is a new word in China, and some people even have no idea of it. Most of us still think secondhand goods are dirty and it is embarrassing to reuse them,” said Wu Kaisi, a well-known stooper in Guangzhou. “The slowing economy and the increasing cost of living have pushed the development of the used-goods industry. People are gradually advocating (提倡) a savings-based consumption (消费) and environment-friendly lifestyle instead of blindly seeking for expensive consumption. Now, more young people are joining us.”
32．What does the report in paragraph 1 show
A．Selling used items is popular among young people.
B．Reusing secondhand goods has become a new trend.
C．People tend to buy products from social media platform.
D．The buying power of Chinese consumers is in decline.
33．What is the purpose of paragraph 3
A．To explain a fact. B．To make a prediction.
C．To make some concepts clear. D．To present an example.
34．How did Chen find owners for the abandoned goods
A．By organizing offline sales. B．By displaying them on Julu Road.
C．By putting up notices on the street. D．By posting related information online.
35．What does Wu Kaisi think of the lifestyle of stooping
A．It is embarrassing.
B．It is worth advocating.
C．It slows down the development of economy.
D．It changes young people’s wasteful lifestyle
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How is eating in space different from eating on Earth
If you send astronauts into space, you have to send along food as well. But what do astronauts eat, and how do they eat it Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space.
First, and possibly most important, is nutrition (营养). 36 Providing junk food to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy.
37 If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you’ve ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn’t feel well, you’ll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission want their astronauts to eat regularly.
The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they won’t spill (洒落/溢出) into the cabin (one of the areas inside a spacecraft). Water or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it. 38 A loose knife bouncing (弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous.
39 The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated (计算) in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. 40 Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (使脱水). When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to the meal and warm it up.
Despite all these requirements, much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on any given day.
A．Believe it or not, they also have fresh fruits and vegetables.
B．Keeping astronauts’ physical health is a top task for any space mission.
C．Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.
D．Taste is also important.
E．For the same reason, sharp knives and folks are never used on board.
F．Nutrition and practicality(实用) are important things to consider.
G．Finally, weight is an important concern.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 1961, President John F. Kennedy Jr. set a goal: he wanted to land a man on the moon to show America’s 41 in the Space Race.
42 a decade later, Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the moon on Sunday, July 20, 1969. Aldrin later joined him on the moon’s surface and they 43 a US flag, took photographs, and 44 the first samples from our satellite.
The Apollo crew of Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins travelled 240,000 miles in 76 hours to reach the moon. During the mission, the food items the astronauts ate on the surface of the moon in the lunar module 45 the following: beef stew, bacon squares, date fruit cake, and grape punch.
Over 400,000 people supported the 46 , including people from the Johnson Space Center in Houston and the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral. Armstrong’s famous first words “one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” 47 on television channels and through newspapers around the world.
After World War Ⅱ 48 on September 2, 1945, a new conflict began between the United States and the Soviet Union. The United States and the Soviet Union had 49 ideologies(意识形态): the United States was capitalist, 50 the Soviet Union was socialist.
The Space Race started when a Soviet missile launched Sputnik(Russian for “traveller”), the world’s first artificial satellite on October 4, 1957. Sputnik became the first man-made 51 to orbit Earth. The US decided to act quickly in order to prove 52 . From 1961 to 1964, NASA’s budget 53 by 500 percent. When Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon, America was declared the 54 of the Space Race. The US had spent about $25 billion on the program, over $100 billion in today’s dollars.
More than 50 years after Apollo, NASA vows to land the first woman on the moon with the Artemis program and with the help of an increase in NASA’s budget by $1.6 billion by former President Trump. The new mission, 55 the twin sister of Apollo and Greek Goddess of the moon, will be headed to the moon’s south pole where the craters(火山口)hold large deposits of water ice.
41．A．dominance B．rule C．regulation D．management
42．A．More than B．No more than C．No less than D．Less than
43．A．grew B．rose C．planted D．carried
44．A．brought up B．brought back C．brought in D．brought about
45．A．persisted in B．consisted of C．made up D．insisted on
46．A．task B．landing C．contest D．mission
47．A．were showed B．were printed C．echoed D．expressed
48．A．stopped B．ended C．paused D．suspended
49．A．similar B．special C．political D．conflicting
50．A．where B．while C．so D．when
51．A．machine B．facility C．object D．equipment
52．A．superiority B．ability C．position D．influence
53．A．decreased B．dropped C．shrank D．increased
54．A．amateur B．winner C．competitor D．loser
55．A．taken after B．taking on C．named after D．looking after
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Shenzhou-17 crewed spaceship is scheduled to be launched at 11:14 a. m. Thursday from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The China Manned Space Agency is quite 56 (confidence) that the mission will be a success. 57 spaceship was transferred vertically across 1,500 meters from the assembly building to the pad.
58 (equip) with multiple advanced systems, the spaceship will carry three astronauts who are eager 59 (carry) out the Shenzhou-17 spaceflight mission. Shenzhou-17, considered to be one of the most important space 60 (mission) in recent years, is the 30th flight mission of China's manned space program and the 12th manned mission of the program.
The launch will use a Long March-2F carrier rocket, 61 will be filled with fuel soon. The Shenzhou-17 spaceship will connect to the space station core module Tianhe, 62 (form) a combination of three modules and three spacecraft. The crew is scheduled to return in April next year. They 63 (land) in north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Product qualities of the Shenzhou-16 spaceship and the Long March-2F carrier rocket are 64 control. The astronauts have made all preparations for the launch 65 are ready to go to space.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66．2022年6月5日，中国神舟14号载人飞船发射取得圆满成功! 近些年，世界各国都在不断加强太空探索。最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下列提供的信息，结合必修三第四单元Is exploring space a waste of time and money 中的观点，写一篇辩论文。
要点如下 ：1. 30%的同学认为太空探索不值得，70%的同学认为值得探索。
2.明确你的观点立场， 并陈述理由（至少陈述两个理由）
注意 ：1.写作词数应为100左右；
2.题目和首句已为你写好；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Is exploring space a waste of time and money
Recently, our class has had a debate about whether exploring space is a waste of time and money.
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第二节(满分25分)
67.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
One time, the teachers at a school wanted to teach the students about airplanes. While all airplanes can fly, some are able to fly farther than others. This is because not all airplanes are built the same. For example, a fighter plane looks very different from a plane that people fly in when they want to go on a holiday. The teachers wondered how they could make students understand this.
Then, the science teacher, Mr Moose, decided that the school should have a paper airplane contest. The students would produce paper airplane designs. They would stand in line on the playground behind the school. The students would take turns throwing their airplanes. The student whose airplane went the farthest would win.
When Mr Moose announced the paper airplane contest to the students, they were very excited. A student named Paul, who was on the wrestling team, bragged (吹牛) to everyone else that his airplane would win. “I am the strongest,” Paul said. “So I will be able to throw my airplane the farthest.” However, while Paul was saying this, another student, Brian, was thinking how he could win. Brian did not play any sports and was not very strong. But he loved airplanes and really wanted to win the contest.
Brian realized what he had to do. He went to the store and bought a big stack of paper. When he got home, he took the paper into his backyard. He took a piece of paper and folded an airplane. It didn't go very far, so Brian took another sheet and folded another airplane and threw it. This airplane went a little farther. Brian kept folding different kinds of airplanes and throwing them. Some went very far and some did not. Finally, when Brian had used all the paper, he walked up to the airplane that had flown the farthest and picked it up.
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试卷第1页，共3页
