备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(上海专用)概要写作10篇(第二期)-（含解析）
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备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(上海专用)
第二期
专题05 概要写作10篇
1．（2023上·上海·高三校考期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Reading Is Important For Your Brain
You can take fish oil pill or go to a language class, puzzle books, or a few hours of exercise every week. There are countless methods to improve your memory and cognitive (认知的) functioning. But the cheapest and easiest way to sharpen your brain is right in front of your face. It’s called reading.
The most basic impact occurs in the area associated with language reception. Processing written material—from the letters to the words to the sentences to the stories themselves—puts our brain to work. That happens when we process spoken language, too, but the very nature of reading encourages the brain to work harder and better. And the benefits of reading continue long after you’ve put down that great book. A small study at Emory University found that some of those benefits lasted for five days. “We call that a shadow activity, almost like a muscle memory,” says Gregory Berns, PhD, director of the Center for Neuro-policy at Emory. In fact, this is how reading in a certain font can improve your memory.
However, not all reading is created equal. Results from a study conducted at Stanford University indicate that close literary reading in particular gives your brain a major workout. MRI scans of people who are deep into a Jane Austen novel showed an increase in blood flowing to areas of the brain that control both cognitive and executive function, as opposed to the more limited effects that come from more leisurely reading.
The ability to read closely is something that needs to be cultivated. An author notes that even she, someone who reads for a living, has found her ability to concentrate on the written word fading as more of what we read is on a screen. “Unfortunately, this form of reading is rarely continuous, sustained, or concentrated,” she writes.
Of course, there’s an easy solution: Turn off your phone and your computer, set aside a good hour or two—and just read.
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【答案】Reading is the easiest and cheapest way to train one's brain by processing written material and spoken language. Moreover, Researchers find the impact continues after reading. However, close literary reading gives bigger brain workout than casually reading. Close reading abilities need to be developed and put away electronic devices can be a good start.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，阅读是通过处理书面材料和口语来训练大脑的最简单和最便宜的方法。此外，研究人员发现，阅读后的影响仍在继续。然而，仔细阅读文学作品比随意阅读更能锻炼大脑。细读能力需要培养，而放下电子设备就是一个好的开始。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①But the cheapest and easiest way to sharpen your brain is right in front of your face. It’s called reading.
②And the benefits of reading continue long after you’ve put down that great book.
③However, not all reading is created equal. Results from a study conducted at Stanford University indicate that close literary reading in particular gives your brain a major workout. MRI scans of people who are deep into a Jane Austen novel showed an increase in blood flowing to areas of the brain that control both cognitive and executive function, as opposed to the more limited effects that come from more leisurely reading.
④However, not all reading is created equal. Of course, there’s an easy solution: Turn off your phone and your computer, set aside a good hour or two—and just read.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Reading is the easiest and cheapest way to train one's brain by processing written material and spoken language.
Moreover, Researchers find the impact continues after reading.
However, close literary reading gives bigger brain workout than casually reading.
Close reading abilities need to be developed and put away electronic devices can be a good start.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Reading is the easiest and cheapest way to train one's brain by processing written material and spoken language.运用不定式作后置定语和动名词作宾语对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]Close reading abilities need to be developed and put away electronic devices can be a good start.用and连接并列句对最后两段进行了概括。
2．（2023上·上海·高三复旦附中校考期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Communicating science
One of the major problems for scientists lies in communicating the value of research to non-specialists that matter:policymakers and the general public. In recent years, scientific organisations have come a long way in developing ways to make science more accessible to non-specialist groups.
The development of blogs has helped substantially in bringing science closer to the public. According to Wikipedia, the ScienceBlogs network is now ranked 37th among the most authoritative blogs worldwide, with two of its sections having won weblog awards. Released from editorial restrictions, science bloggers generally focus on areas of science that they are both passionate and knowledgeable about. They often write about science in an accessible, lively manner, and it is this that perhaps most attracts members of the public. Ed Yong’s Not Exactly Rocket Science, for instance, is filled with the writer’s enthusiasm and down-to-earth attitude towards the subject. His chatty, youthful style appeals to a wide range of readers.
Television has also boosted the image of science. Early pioneers such as Jacques Cousteau, whose beautifully filmed documentaries opened up the oceans to millions, quickly realised the potential of TV to make science come alive for viewers. Other science disciplines have eagerly followed suit. Entertaining presenters carry out daring experiments or explore amazing scientific phenomena in order to attract attention. Celebrities such as Brian Cox, once famous for playing music in D:Ream, have also been instrumental in bringing science into popular culture. Now working in the field of physics, Brian is presenter of the BBC TV series Wonders of the Solar System. His background means that his face is not only well known to younger viewers but is also considered cool. Other organisations have been using the power of visual media through the internet. For example, SciVee offers scientists video services to create online presentations of their research.
Nevertheless, despite this progress, communication remains one of science’s biggest obstacle. Perhaps it is time that universities addressed this problem, and thought about adding communications training to the curriculum.
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【答案】In recent years, scientific organisations have made progress in making science more accessible to non-specialist groups. The blogs, which are released from editorial restrictions, can bring science closer to the public. Television also plays an important role in boosting the image of science. Although there are lots of progress, communications training courses can be added to the curriculum.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍说近年来，科学组织在使非专业团体更容易获得科学方面取得了进展。这些不受编辑限制的博客可以拉近科学与公众的距离。电视在提升科学形象方面也起着重要作用。虽然已经取得了很大的进步，但可以在课程中增加沟通培训课程。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①In recent years, scientific organisations have come a long way in developing ways to make science more accessible to non-specialist groups.
②The development of blogs has helped substantially in bringing science closer to the public. Released from editorial restrictions, science bloggers generally focus on areas of science that they are both passionate and knowledgeable about.
③Television has also boosted the image of science.
④Perhaps it is time that universities addressed this problem, and thought about adding communications training to the curriculum.
2. 缜密构思
要点①总起介绍，要点②、③进行分说，要点④进行总结。
3. 遣词造句
In recent years, scientific organisations have made progress in making science more accessible to non-specialist groups.
The blogs, which are released from editorial restrictions, can bring science closer to the public.
Television also plays an important role in boosting the image of science.
Although there are lots of progress, communications training courses can be added to the curriculum.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The blogs, which are released from editorial restrictions, can bring science closer to the public.运用一个which引导的非限制性定语从句对第二段进行了概括。
【高分句型2】Although there are lots of progress, communications training courses can be added to the curriculum. 用although引导的让步状语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达高级。
3．（2023上·上海·高三上海交大附中校考期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The great teen sleeping crisis
A recent study found that only around 50% of US teenagers were getting the seven hours of sleep generally considered necessary. The other half were getting on average two hours less. These are worrying figures indeed, especially when you take into consideration latest recommendations from experts that seven to ten hours is best for teenagers.
One thing we all need to do is to stop blaming teenagers for their sleeping habits, since they do have a biological excuse for their behaviour. It’s all the fault of the hormone melatonin. When melatonin increases through the body, it’s telling us that it’s time to go to bed. The problem is that in teenagers, melatonin is released two hours later than in adults, meaning that they get the call to go to bed much later than their parents. Then, when they’re forced to wake up in the morning, their melatonin levels are still high and their bodies are urging them to stay in bed. That’s why they find it such a struggle to drag themselves out from under the covers.
So what can be done to make life easier for everyone Well, one simple solution would be to start the school day two hours later. In the US, 40% of all teenagers start school before 8 am, which is clearly far too early for the average teenage brain to function properly. If a 10 am start time was implemented, it would give them a much fairer chance.
In addition, teenagers themselves need to take more responsibility for their own sleeping patterns. It’s been proven that people who stick to a regular routine lead far healthier lives. Going to bed and getting up at the same time each day certainly gives your body a head start. Teens can even take a nap in the afternoon if they’re able to make that a regular part of their routine.
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【答案】A recent study found that a half of US teenagers get seven hours of sleep. But they do have a biological reason for their behaviour, which is all the responsibility of the hormone melatonin. One simple solution would be to start the school day two hours later and teenagers themselves need to take more responsibility for their own sleeping patterns.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，最近的一项研究发现，一半的美国青少年每天睡7个小时。但他们的行为确实有生物学上的借口，这都是褪黑激素的错。一个简单的解决办法就是把上学时间推迟两个小时，青少年自己也需要对自己的睡眠模式承担更多的责任。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①A recent study found that only around 50% of US teenagers were getting the seven hours of sleep generally considered necessary.
②One thing we all need to do is to stop blaming teenagers for their sleeping habits, since they do have a biological excuse for their behaviour. It’s all the fault of the hormone melatonin.
③Well, one simple solution would be to start the school day two hours later.
In addition, teenagers themselves need to take more responsibility for their own sleeping patterns.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
A recent study found that a half of US teenagers get seven hours of sleep.
But they do have a biological reason for their behaviour, which is all the fault of the hormone melatonin.
One simple solution would be to start the school day two hours later and teenagers themselves need to take more responsibility for their own sleeping patterns.
【点睛】[高分句型1] But they do have a biological reason for their behaviour, which is all the responsibility of the hormone melatonin.运用which引导非限制性定语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] A recent study found that a half of US teenagers get seven hours of sleep.运用that引导宾语从句对第一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
4．（2023下·上海·高三校考阶段练习）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as much as possible.
China’s birth rate has been falling since 2016 — for example, 12 million new births were recorded in 2020, but the number is expected to drop below 10 million in 2021 despite a series of pronatalist policies taken by the government. And although the two-child policy introduced in 2016 caused an uptick in the number of newborns, it failed to reverse the falling birth rate trend.
Can the three-child policy introduced last year succeed where earlier favorable family planning policies failed The picture doesn’t look good, though. China’s birth rate in 2020 declined to 1.3 percent, far lower than the replacement rate of 2.1, according to the seventh national census results. Since the population of women of childbearing age in China has reached its peak, it will continue to decline.
As for benefits, children carry on the family name and can help strengthen the bond between a man and woman. And having children gives an assurance to parents that they will have someone to take care of them when they get old.
When it comes to costs, women have to endure physical and mental stress to give birth and bring up children. Childbirth is painful and, in extreme cases, could be fatal. Also, new mothers, in general, find it difficult to adjust family and work life. Plus, having children also means additional expenses and in some cases cutting costs to provide good education for the children, as well as dedicating huge amounts of time to bring them up. Moreover, because of the shortage of quality education and good schools, parents have to spend large amounts of money and time to ensure their children get admitted to good schools and colleges so they can get quality education.
The costs and benefits of having a child play a key role in such families’ decision. Apparently, people tend to have more children if there are more benefits and fewer children if the costs outweigh the benefits. That most couples in today prefer to have just one child means there are more costs than benefits of having more children.
To address these problems, especially to reduce the education burden of students, the government introduced some policies, including the “double reduction” policy, recently. High housing prices are also discouraging many young couples from having children. Cities and towns where housing prices are relatively low usually have higher fertility rates around the world. So actions in this regard are being taken. More importantly, in most cases, women still shoulder most of the responsibilities of bringing up a child, and experts and surveys say women usually find themselves at a disadvantage at the workplace after giving birth. Many women are tired of rushing back and forth between work and housework. In this context, establishing more day childcare centers can free working mothers of the responsibility of taking care of children. It will not only promote domestic harmony but also can help increase the fertility rate.
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【答案】China’s birth rate has been falling since 2016.Since the problem of the population of women of childbearing age in China has reached its peak and the costs and benefits of having a child play a key role in family decision, it will continue to decline. Recently the government introduced some policies to address these problems.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，自2016年以来，中国的出生率一直在下降，生孩子的成本和收益在家庭的决定中起着关键作用，为了解决这些问题，特别是减轻学生的教育负担，政府最近出台了一些政策，包括“双减”政策。
【详解】1 要点摘录①China’s birth rate has been falling since 2016. ②Since the population of women of childbearing age in China has reached its peak, it will continue to decline.③The costs and benefits of having a child play a key role in such families’ decision.④To address these problems, especially to reduce the education burden of students, the government introduced some policies, including the “double reduction” policy, recently.
2.缜密构思保留第①个要点，将第②、③两个要点进行整合，将第④个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句China’s birth rate has been falling since 2016.
Since the problem of the population of women of childbearing age in China has reached its peak and the costs and benefits of having a child play a key role in family decision, it will continue to decline.
Recently the government introduced some policies to address these problems.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Since the problem of the population of women of childbearing age in China has reached its peak and the costs and benefits of having a child play a key role in family decision, it will continue to decline.（时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】Recently the government introduced some policies to address these problems.（动词不定式做目的状语）
5．（2023·上海·卢湾高级中学校考三模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Wearing Helmet
Some kids ride through city bicycle lanes like a professional, and others set out alone down quiet country lanes. However, every day, an average of more than 500 children with bike-related injuries are treated in U.S. emergency departments, according to an analysis of injury data from 2006 to 2015. Those wearing helmets were significantly less likely to have head and neck injuries, the study found. And although children tend to wear helmets more consistently than adults, many still ride without one.
Along with calling for safer, more bike-friendly streets, it’s important to choose a helmet that will help protect your child from injury in a fall or a crash. When you’re choosing a helmet, focus primarily on ensuring the correct fit. “A poor fit will impact the protection a helmet can provide,” says Angela Lumba-Brown, an emergency medicine physician at Stanford Health Care.
The best way to find the right size is to take your child into a bike shop and have them try on helmets with a sales associate who’s familiar with the options, says Brad Bowman, product manager at Gregg’s Cycle. If you choose to buy online, Bowman suggests measuring your child’s head with flexible measuring tape about an inch above the eyebrows before choosing a size.
Helmet sizes are measured by head circumference (圆周), and helmets usually come with adjustable dials to accommodate a range of circumferences. For example, a 3-to-5-year-old child might wear a helmet with a 50-to-52-centimeter circumference. Bowman suggests choosing one that fits comfortably but also allows for a bit of growth. Once a sales associate helps you identify the right-sized helmet, adjust the dial until the helmet feels tight but isn’t causing the child discomfort. “After you dial in the fit, if you pull up lightly on top of the helmet, it shouldn’t come off their head,” he says.
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【答案】As there is an alarming number of kids’ bike-related injuries, apart from making securer and more rider-friendly streets, wearing a helmet while riding is critical. Bowman suggests consulting a sales associate for help or measuring your kid’s head circumference yourself when selecting a fit helmet. He also suggests allowing comfortable space to avoid discomfort caused by tightness.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍戴上头盔骑车在保护孩子安全方面也是至关重要的，并介绍了一些选择适合的头盔的方法。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①However, every day, an average of more than 500 children with bike-related injuries are treated in U.S. emergency departments, according to an analysis of injury data from 2006 to 2015. Those wearing helmets were significantly less likely to have head and neck injuries, the study found.
②Along with calling for safer, more bike-friendly streets, it’s important to choose a helmet that will help protect your child from injury in a fall or a crash.
③The best way to find the right size is to take your child into a bike shop and have them try on helmets with a sales associate who’s familiar with the options, says Brad Bowman, product manager at Gregg’s Cycle.
④Bowman suggests choosing one that fits comfortably but also allows for a bit of growth.
2. 缜密构思
将1，2两个要点进行整合，将3，4两个要点进行精简分说
3. 遣词造句
As there is an alarming number of kids’ bike-related injuries, apart from making securer and more rider-friendly streets, wearing a helmet while riding is critical.
Bowman suggests consulting a sales associate for help or measuring your kid’s head circumference yourself when selecting a fit helmet.
He also suggests allowing comfortable space to avoid discomfort caused by tightness.
【点睛】[高分句型1]As there is an alarming number of kids’ bike-related injuries, apart from making securer and more rider-friendly streets, wearing a helmet while riding is critical.用一个原因状语从句和分词作状语结构对一二段的部分内容进行总结，表达高级。
[高分句型2]Bowman suggests consulting a sales associate for help or measuring your kid’s head circumference yourself when selecting a fit helmet. 用动名词作宾语和一个省略的时间状语从句对第三段的内容进行总结，表达高级。
6．（2023下·上海杨浦·高三同济大学第一附属中学校考阶段练习）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Learning to write effectively
I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting(lasting only a short time)thought , the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand.
The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.
Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
Instead of staring at a blank, start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through your available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.
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【答案】One possible version:
How can you become an effective writer The book Writing Without Teachers advises that you should separate creative writing from critical writing. Mixing the two means either killing brilliant ideas or presenting something incomprehensible. To acquire the skill, take down your thoughts freely to capture ideas and keep revising your writing until it becomes a good piece.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如果你想要成为一名有效的作家，《没有老师的写作》一书建议你应该把创造性写作和批判性写作分开。为了获得这项技能，你可以通过自由地记下你的想法来捕捉想法，并不断修改你的写作，直到它成为一篇好文章。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously.
②Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing.
③The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is called“free writing.”
④ When you have raw materials using the critical mind and watch quietly, you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
⑤Halfway through your available time, rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product.
2.缜密构思将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句It is likely that you will believe this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
Through the half available time, you can stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product.
If the fleeting thought can be captured and simply be shared with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段内容进行了概括。其中that引导的定语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2]：If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting(lasting only a short time)thought , the thought will die.运用if引导的条件状语从句和while引导的时间状语从句对第二段主题进行了举例说明。表达非常高级。
7．（2023·上海静安·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Second-hand fashion stages a comeback
Few followers of fashion will forget the moment when a super model arrived at a New York fashion week dinner, wearing a 1950s dress. The next day, a hunt for something similar began. That was 2003. Fast forward to the 2020s and second-hand fashion is renewing a new round of craze, and this time, arguably, it’s back for good.
When super models and designers were buying things at second-hand markets and matching them with expensive pieces, the act was more related to the old ideal of what fashion was — very trend-based and very season-based. Today, ordinary people always want to have new looks but they’re becoming more aware of the impact of their choices on the environment, and the best thing we can do in this climate crisis is to limit the resources we take out of the planet. Second-hand fashion speaks to what’s happening right now. And the world is speaking back. It’s estimated that the total resale clothes market is expected to rise in value from $96 billion in 2021 to $141 billion by 2023. More than ‘back for good’, second-hand fashion looks set to become the new norm.
The increased crafts of repair and upcycling offer another contemporary dimension to the trend. There’s a rise in young people looking at things that already exist, not only to take inspiration from, but also to use as material for next-stage creation. Current repair and upcycling skills make their wish a reality.
Even social media platforms are on board. “Once you start finding heat at the second-hand fashion shop, it quickly turns into an ever-growing addiction. Each piece has history behind it,” said an online celebrity with 1.7 million followers. He, along with other celebrities posting visits to shops of this kind, has pushed up sales. Their power in the field can’t be neglected.
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【答案】One possible version:
Unlike former heat, today second-hand fashion is back permanently. Compared with fashion-oriented professionals, ordinary people turn to second-hand fashion out of consideration for environment protection. The huge market rise demonstrates its popularity. The upgraded repair and upcycling crafts make further creation possible. Social media also step in, with online celebrities influencing sales to add to the craze.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，与过去不同的是，如今二手时尚永久回归。相比于以时尚为导向的专业人士，普通人出于环保的考虑而选择二手时尚。巨大的市场上涨表明了它的受欢迎程度。升级的维修和升级回收工艺使进一步的创造成为可能。社交媒体也参与进来，网红影响销量，助长了这股热潮。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Fast forward to the 2020s and second-hand fashion is renewing a new round of craze, and this time, arguably, it’s back for good.
②When super models and designers were buying things at second-hand markets and matching them with expensive pieces, the act was more related to the old ideal of what fashion was — very trend-based and very season-based. Today, ordinary people always want to have new looks but they’re becoming more aware of the impact of their choices on the environment, and the best thing we can do in this climate crisis is to limit the resources we take out of the planet. Second-hand fashion speaks to what’s happening right now.
③The increased crafts of repair and upcycling offer another contemporary dimension to the trend.
④Even social media platforms are on board. “Once you start finding heat at the second-hand fashion shop, it quickly turns into an ever-growing addiction. Each piece has history behind it,” said an online celebrity with 1.7 million followers. He, along with other celebrities posting visits to shops of this kind, has pushed up sales. Their power in the field can’t be neglected.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Unlike former heat, today second-hand fashion is getting back permanently.
Compared with fashion-oriented professionals, common people turn to second-hand fashion out of consideration for environment protection. The huge market rise demonstrates its popularity.
The upgraded repair and upcycling crafts make further creation possible.
Social media also step in, with online celebrities influencing sales to add to the craze.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Compared with fashion-oriented professionals, ordinary people turn to second-hand fashion out of consideration for environment protection.运用过去分词作状语对第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Social media also step in, with online celebrities influencing sales to add to the craze.用with的复合结构对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
8．（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）Directions: road the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
A plan to restore green spaces
The UK government has revealed a plan to protect and restore England’s wild life. It focuses on at-risk species by making canals, rivers and streams cleaner and expanding green spaces.
The new Environmental Improvement Plan sets goals to create or restore more than 5,000 square kilometres of wildlife habitats across England and restore 400 miles of rivers. It will create or expand 25 national nature reserves. New woodland will also be planted alongside rivers. At the moment, access to green spaces is not equal across the UK. Around 4% of people live more than 10 minutes away from their nearest park. The Environmental Improvement Plan aims to make sure households in England are within a 15-minute walk to a green space.
As well as helping more people to act close to nature, the plan should increase England’s biodiversity. A species Survival Fund will be set up to help some of England’s most endangered animals, such as red squirrels (松鼠) and watch rats. The Government has set targets to boost these species by 2030. There are also targets to reduce food waste, glass, metal, paper and plastic by 2028, and to improve the quality of water in rivers.
New rules mean that the Government will have to consider the environmental effects of any policy it puts forward. These goals are part of a 25- year plan that was launched in 2018. The aim of the plan is to improve the environment “within a generation ” which is roughly 25 years.
Although lots of people have welcomed the plan, not everyone is impressed. Pail de Zylva, from the charity Friends of the Earth, said it wasn’t clear enough how the goals would be met and that many of them were like promises the Government had already made but not yet delivered.
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【答案】British government plans to preserve the endangered wildlife via watch purification and extension of greens. Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of access to green spaces and to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund. Despite the long-term plan’s pro-environmental intention, some people doubt whether these goals are achievable. (56)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，英国政府计划通过观察绿色植物的净化和扩展来保护濒危野生动物。大规模恢复生态环境的目的是在基金的支持下，消除绿色空间的不平等，促进生物多样性。尽管长期规划的意图是环保，但一些人怀疑这些目标是否可以实现。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The UK government has revealed a plan to protect and restore England’s wild life.
②It focuses on at-risk species by making canals, rivers and streams cleaner and expanding green spaces.
③The new Environmental Improvement Plan sets goals to create or restore more than 5,000 square kilometres of wildlife habitats across England and restore 400 miles of rivers.
④At the moment, access to green spaces is not equal across the UK.
⑤As well as helping more people to act close to nature, the plan should increase England’s biodiversity.
⑥Although lots of people have welcomed the plan, not everyone is impressed.
⑦Pail de Zylva, from the charity Friends of the Earth, said it wasn’t clear enough how the goals would be met and that many of them were like promises the Government had already made but not yet delivered.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2和6、7几个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
British government plans to preserve the endangered wildlife via watch purification and extension of greens.
Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of access to green spaces and to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund.
Despite the long-term plan’s pro-environmental intention, some people doubt whether these goals are achievable.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of access to green spaces and to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund.(运用了不定式作宾语)
[高分句型2] Despite the long-term plan’s pro-environmental intention, some people doubt whether these goals are achievable. (运用了whether引导的宾语从句)
9．（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Is Binge-watching the New Addiction
Have you ever loved a TV show I mean really loved it Like, you can’t wait to get to work to talk about it What about the cliffhanger That’s the unsolved situation at the end of the episode which makes you want to watch the next one. But, when will the next one be
Binge-watching is when a person watches more than one episode of a show quickly. With developments in the speed and connectivity of the internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favourite shows streamed directly to their television at their convenience.
However, this amazing gift may in fact be harmful. Recent research from British media watchdog Ofcom (英国通信管理局) finds that out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show back-to-back, almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and one quarter have neglected their housework. Next we’ll be missing work!
Bingeing has other connections — binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking, all of which are often associated with compulsive behaviour, a lack of control and a possible route to addiction. If people find binge-watching hard to resist, coupled with the fact that it has shown to lead to failure of attention in many, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction
The numerous information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. However, like any behaviour done to extremes, it can become dangerous. And when the activity begins to enter other areas, causing us to stop functioning — then it becomes a problem. So, what’s the answer Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, a little of what you fancy does you good.
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【答案】Binge-watching, a phenomenon brought by the convenience of the technology, refers to people’s craze for watching TV shows. This harmful compulsive behavior leads to sleep deprivation or tiredness, or even neglecting household and work responsibilities, which may be a new addiction. Even though the increasing amount of information can be beneficial, watching TV in moderation is much preferred.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。许多人会说，电视和网络媒体能给我们带来的大量信息和娱乐是一件好事。但是很多人逐渐的沉迷于刷剧，由此带来其他的消极影响，因此本文给出具体的刷剧建议是，刷剧要有节制。
【详解】1 要点摘录
1，Binge-watching is when a person watches more than one episode of a show quickly.
2，Almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result of Binge-watching.
3，Missing work is also connected with Binge-watching.
4,Bingeing has other connections — binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking, all of which are often associated with compulsive behaviour, a lack of control and a possible route to addiction.
5, Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much.
2.缜密构思将第1要点进行重组，将第2、3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Binge-watching, a phenomenon brought by the convenience of the technology, refers to people’s craze for watching TV shows.
This harmful compulsive behavior leads to sleep deprivation or tiredness, or even neglecting household and work responsibilities, which may be a new addiction.
Even though the increasing amount of information can be beneficial, watching TV in moderation is much preferred.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Binge-watching, a phenomenon brought by the convenience of the technology, refers to people’s craze for watching TV shows.运用过去分词作后置定语，以及动名词作宾语。
[高分句型2]Even though the increasing amount of information can be beneficial, watching TV in moderation is much preferred.运用了让步状语从句，动名词作主语，表达高级。
[高分句型3]This harmful compulsive behavior leads to sleep deprivation or tiredness, or even neglecting household and work responsibilities, which may be a new addiction. 运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
10．（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How your unique story can get you hired
You’re sitting at your computer to apply for your dream job, but suddenly you’re not confident enough to get it. So you don’t even submit the application. It is natural for you to experience self-doubt at such a crucial moment, especially if you’re people of color, first generation college student, or you don’t have a traditional background. The secret is to transform how you perceive your own story.
Ask yourself two questions. The first one: why do you want to do this work Maybe you already know the kind of job or work environment that makes you happy, or maybe you haven’t quite figured that out yet. Usually, your personal experiences can help give you clues. For example, your brother had to overcome his dyslexia (诵读困难症), and you helped him with his reading. Gradually, you became interested in education. That motivated you to work as a teacher.
The second question you have to ask yourself: how can you tell your story to exhibit the unique qualities you have For example, you undertook multiple jobs unrelated to your major while you were in college. When you’re in an interview, go ahead and talk about them, because it will show the employer that you have time management skills and a strong passion for work. Employers are looking for well-rounded individuals that are capable of accomplishing various job tasks.
Go back and reflect on those tough questions that you need to answer. The answers are what makes you you. Reframing your story can remake your confidence over and over again, but it takes time. It’s like running a marathon. You have to train and practice. When you learn to practice your story, tell it with assurance. You’re sure to stand out among all the candidates.
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【答案】(version1)
When you doubt yourself in job-hunting, viewing your own story from a different perspective is helpful. First, look for some possible motives from your previous experiences. Second, dig your strengths and demonstrate them to the employers. If you make full use of these skills, it is more likely for you to get your dream job. (55 words)
(version2)
Your unique story can help you get your dream job successfully. The key is to make good use of the story. First, ask yourself why you want to do this work by referring to your personal experiences. Second, figure out how you can demonstrate your unique strengths to the employers. With these skills, you are more likely to get hired. (60 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在申请自己梦想中的工作时，要改变对自己故事的看法，首先弄清楚自己为什么要做这项工作，其次，在面试时，展现自己的独特品质，以此在所有候选人中脱颖而出。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①It is natural for you to experience self-doubt at such a crucial moment. The secret is to transform how you perceive your own story.
②The first one: why do you want to do this work Usually, your personal experiences can help give you clues.
③The second question you have to ask yourself: how can you tell your story to exhibit the unique qualities you have
④When you learn to practice your story, tell it with assurance. You’re sure to stand out among all the candidates.
2.缜密构思
将第1、4个要点进行重组，将第2、3个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
When you experience self-doubt in job-hunting, perceiving your own story from a different perspective is helpful.
First, look for some possible reasons from your personal experiences.
Second, dig your unique qualities and exhibit them to the employers.
If you make full use of these skills, it is more likely to stand out among all the candidates.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When you doubt yourself in job-hunting, viewing your own story from a different perspective is helpful.（运用了主从复合句对第一段进行概括，其中when引导的时间状语从句、动名词短语作句子主语表达高级）
【高分句型2】If you make full use of these skills, it is more likely for you to get your dream job.（运用了主从复合句对第四段进行概括，其中if引导的条件状语从句表达高级）
第二期
专题05 概要写作10篇
1．（2023上·上海·高三校考期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Reading Is Important For Your Brain
You can take fish oil pill or go to a language class, puzzle books, or a few hours of exercise every week. There are countless methods to improve your memory and cognitive (认知的) functioning. But the cheapest and easiest way to sharpen your brain is right in front of your face. It’s called reading.
The most basic impact occurs in the area associated with language reception. Processing written material—from the letters to the words to the sentences to the stories themselves—puts our brain to work. That happens when we process spoken language, too, but the very nature of reading encourages the brain to work harder and better. And the benefits of reading continue long after you’ve put down that great book. A small study at Emory University found that some of those benefits lasted for five days. “We call that a shadow activity, almost like a muscle memory,” says Gregory Berns, PhD, director of the Center for Neuro-policy at Emory. In fact, this is how reading in a certain font can improve your memory.
However, not all reading is created equal. Results from a study conducted at Stanford University indicate that close literary reading in particular gives your brain a major workout. MRI scans of people who are deep into a Jane Austen novel showed an increase in blood flowing to areas of the brain that control both cognitive and executive function, as opposed to the more limited effects that come from more leisurely reading.
The ability to read closely is something that needs to be cultivated. An author notes that even she, someone who reads for a living, has found her ability to concentrate on the written word fading as more of what we read is on a screen. “Unfortunately, this form of reading is rarely continuous, sustained, or concentrated,” she writes.
Of course, there’s an easy solution: Turn off your phone and your computer, set aside a good hour or two—and just read.
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【答案】Reading is the easiest and cheapest way to train one's brain by processing written material and spoken language. Moreover, Researchers find the impact continues after reading. However, close literary reading gives bigger brain workout than casually reading. Close reading abilities need to be developed and put away electronic devices can be a good start.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，阅读是通过处理书面材料和口语来训练大脑的最简单和最便宜的方法。此外，研究人员发现，阅读后的影响仍在继续。然而，仔细阅读文学作品比随意阅读更能锻炼大脑。细读能力需要培养，而放下电子设备就是一个好的开始。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①But the cheapest and easiest way to sharpen your brain is right in front of your face. It’s called reading.
②And the benefits of reading continue long after you’ve put down that great book.
③However, not all reading is created equal. Results from a study conducted at Stanford University indicate that close literary reading in particular gives your brain a major workout. MRI scans of people who are deep into a Jane Austen novel showed an increase in blood flowing to areas of the brain that control both cognitive and executive function, as opposed to the more limited effects that come from more leisurely reading.
④However, not all reading is created equal. Of course, there’s an easy solution: Turn off your phone and your computer, set aside a good hour or two—and just read.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Reading is the easiest and cheapest way to train one's brain by processing written material and spoken language.
Moreover, Researchers find the impact continues after reading.
However, close literary reading gives bigger brain workout than casually reading.
Close reading abilities need to be developed and put away electronic devices can be a good start.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Reading is the easiest and cheapest way to train one's brain by processing written material and spoken language.运用不定式作后置定语和动名词作宾语对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]Close reading abilities need to be developed and put away electronic devices can be a good start.用and连接并列句对最后两段进行了概括。
2．（2023上·上海·高三复旦附中校考期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Communicating science
One of the major problems for scientists lies in communicating the value of research to non-specialists that matter:policymakers and the general public. In recent years, scientific organisations have come a long way in developing ways to make science more accessible to non-specialist groups.
The development of blogs has helped substantially in bringing science closer to the public. According to Wikipedia, the ScienceBlogs network is now ranked 37th among the most authoritative blogs worldwide, with two of its sections having won weblog awards. Released from editorial restrictions, science bloggers generally focus on areas of science that they are both passionate and knowledgeable about. They often write about science in an accessible, lively manner, and it is this that perhaps most attracts members of the public. Ed Yong’s Not Exactly Rocket Science, for instance, is filled with the writer’s enthusiasm and down-to-earth attitude towards the subject. His chatty, youthful style appeals to a wide range of readers.
Television has also boosted the image of science. Early pioneers such as Jacques Cousteau, whose beautifully filmed documentaries opened up the oceans to millions, quickly realised the potential of TV to make science come alive for viewers. Other science disciplines have eagerly followed suit. Entertaining presenters carry out daring experiments or explore amazing scientific phenomena in order to attract attention. Celebrities such as Brian Cox, once famous for playing music in D:Ream, have also been instrumental in bringing science into popular culture. Now working in the field of physics, Brian is presenter of the BBC TV series Wonders of the Solar System. His background means that his face is not only well known to younger viewers but is also considered cool. Other organisations have been using the power of visual media through the internet. For example, SciVee offers scientists video services to create online presentations of their research.
Nevertheless, despite this progress, communication remains one of science’s biggest obstacle. Perhaps it is time that universities addressed this problem, and thought about adding communications training to the curriculum.
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【答案】In recent years, scientific organisations have made progress in making science more accessible to non-specialist groups. The blogs, which are released from editorial restrictions, can bring science closer to the public. Television also plays an important role in boosting the image of science. Although there are lots of progress, communications training courses can be added to the curriculum.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍说近年来，科学组织在使非专业团体更容易获得科学方面取得了进展。这些不受编辑限制的博客可以拉近科学与公众的距离。电视在提升科学形象方面也起着重要作用。虽然已经取得了很大的进步，但可以在课程中增加沟通培训课程。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①In recent years, scientific organisations have come a long way in developing ways to make science more accessible to non-specialist groups.
②The development of blogs has helped substantially in bringing science closer to the public. Released from editorial restrictions, science bloggers generally focus on areas of science that they are both passionate and knowledgeable about.
③Television has also boosted the image of science.
④Perhaps it is time that universities addressed this problem, and thought about adding communications training to the curriculum.
2. 缜密构思
要点①总起介绍，要点②、③进行分说，要点④进行总结。
3. 遣词造句
In recent years, scientific organisations have made progress in making science more accessible to non-specialist groups.
The blogs, which are released from editorial restrictions, can bring science closer to the public.
Television also plays an important role in boosting the image of science.
Although there are lots of progress, communications training courses can be added to the curriculum.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The blogs, which are released from editorial restrictions, can bring science closer to the public.运用一个which引导的非限制性定语从句对第二段进行了概括。
【高分句型2】Although there are lots of progress, communications training courses can be added to the curriculum. 用although引导的让步状语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达高级。
3．（2023上·上海·高三上海交大附中校考期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The great teen sleeping crisis
A recent study found that only around 50% of US teenagers were getting the seven hours of sleep generally considered necessary. The other half were getting on average two hours less. These are worrying figures indeed, especially when you take into consideration latest recommendations from experts that seven to ten hours is best for teenagers.
One thing we all need to do is to stop blaming teenagers for their sleeping habits, since they do have a biological excuse for their behaviour. It’s all the fault of the hormone melatonin. When melatonin increases through the body, it’s telling us that it’s time to go to bed. The problem is that in teenagers, melatonin is released two hours later than in adults, meaning that they get the call to go to bed much later than their parents. Then, when they’re forced to wake up in the morning, their melatonin levels are still high and their bodies are urging them to stay in bed. That’s why they find it such a struggle to drag themselves out from under the covers.
So what can be done to make life easier for everyone Well, one simple solution would be to start the school day two hours later. In the US, 40% of all teenagers start school before 8 am, which is clearly far too early for the average teenage brain to function properly. If a 10 am start time was implemented, it would give them a much fairer chance.
In addition, teenagers themselves need to take more responsibility for their own sleeping patterns. It’s been proven that people who stick to a regular routine lead far healthier lives. Going to bed and getting up at the same time each day certainly gives your body a head start. Teens can even take a nap in the afternoon if they’re able to make that a regular part of their routine.
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【答案】A recent study found that a half of US teenagers get seven hours of sleep. But they do have a biological reason for their behaviour, which is all the responsibility of the hormone melatonin. One simple solution would be to start the school day two hours later and teenagers themselves need to take more responsibility for their own sleeping patterns.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，最近的一项研究发现，一半的美国青少年每天睡7个小时。但他们的行为确实有生物学上的借口，这都是褪黑激素的错。一个简单的解决办法就是把上学时间推迟两个小时，青少年自己也需要对自己的睡眠模式承担更多的责任。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①A recent study found that only around 50% of US teenagers were getting the seven hours of sleep generally considered necessary.
②One thing we all need to do is to stop blaming teenagers for their sleeping habits, since they do have a biological excuse for their behaviour. It’s all the fault of the hormone melatonin.
③Well, one simple solution would be to start the school day two hours later.
In addition, teenagers themselves need to take more responsibility for their own sleeping patterns.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
A recent study found that a half of US teenagers get seven hours of sleep.
But they do have a biological reason for their behaviour, which is all the fault of the hormone melatonin.
One simple solution would be to start the school day two hours later and teenagers themselves need to take more responsibility for their own sleeping patterns.
【点睛】[高分句型1] But they do have a biological reason for their behaviour, which is all the responsibility of the hormone melatonin.运用which引导非限制性定语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] A recent study found that a half of US teenagers get seven hours of sleep.运用that引导宾语从句对第一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
4．（2023下·上海·高三校考阶段练习）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as much as possible.
China’s birth rate has been falling since 2016 — for example, 12 million new births were recorded in 2020, but the number is expected to drop below 10 million in 2021 despite a series of pronatalist policies taken by the government. And although the two-child policy introduced in 2016 caused an uptick in the number of newborns, it failed to reverse the falling birth rate trend.
Can the three-child policy introduced last year succeed where earlier favorable family planning policies failed The picture doesn’t look good, though. China’s birth rate in 2020 declined to 1.3 percent, far lower than the replacement rate of 2.1, according to the seventh national census results. Since the population of women of childbearing age in China has reached its peak, it will continue to decline.
As for benefits, children carry on the family name and can help strengthen the bond between a man and woman. And having children gives an assurance to parents that they will have someone to take care of them when they get old.
When it comes to costs, women have to endure physical and mental stress to give birth and bring up children. Childbirth is painful and, in extreme cases, could be fatal. Also, new mothers, in general, find it difficult to adjust family and work life. Plus, having children also means additional expenses and in some cases cutting costs to provide good education for the children, as well as dedicating huge amounts of time to bring them up. Moreover, because of the shortage of quality education and good schools, parents have to spend large amounts of money and time to ensure their children get admitted to good schools and colleges so they can get quality education.
The costs and benefits of having a child play a key role in such families’ decision. Apparently, people tend to have more children if there are more benefits and fewer children if the costs outweigh the benefits. That most couples in today prefer to have just one child means there are more costs than benefits of having more children.
To address these problems, especially to reduce the education burden of students, the government introduced some policies, including the “double reduction” policy, recently. High housing prices are also discouraging many young couples from having children. Cities and towns where housing prices are relatively low usually have higher fertility rates around the world. So actions in this regard are being taken. More importantly, in most cases, women still shoulder most of the responsibilities of bringing up a child, and experts and surveys say women usually find themselves at a disadvantage at the workplace after giving birth. Many women are tired of rushing back and forth between work and housework. In this context, establishing more day childcare centers can free working mothers of the responsibility of taking care of children. It will not only promote domestic harmony but also can help increase the fertility rate.
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【答案】China’s birth rate has been falling since 2016.Since the problem of the population of women of childbearing age in China has reached its peak and the costs and benefits of having a child play a key role in family decision, it will continue to decline. Recently the government introduced some policies to address these problems.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，自2016年以来，中国的出生率一直在下降，生孩子的成本和收益在家庭的决定中起着关键作用，为了解决这些问题，特别是减轻学生的教育负担，政府最近出台了一些政策，包括“双减”政策。
【详解】1 要点摘录①China’s birth rate has been falling since 2016. ②Since the population of women of childbearing age in China has reached its peak, it will continue to decline.③The costs and benefits of having a child play a key role in such families’ decision.④To address these problems, especially to reduce the education burden of students, the government introduced some policies, including the “double reduction” policy, recently.
2.缜密构思保留第①个要点，将第②、③两个要点进行整合，将第④个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句China’s birth rate has been falling since 2016.
Since the problem of the population of women of childbearing age in China has reached its peak and the costs and benefits of having a child play a key role in family decision, it will continue to decline.
Recently the government introduced some policies to address these problems.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Since the problem of the population of women of childbearing age in China has reached its peak and the costs and benefits of having a child play a key role in family decision, it will continue to decline.（时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】Recently the government introduced some policies to address these problems.（动词不定式做目的状语）
5．（2023·上海·卢湾高级中学校考三模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Wearing Helmet
Some kids ride through city bicycle lanes like a professional, and others set out alone down quiet country lanes. However, every day, an average of more than 500 children with bike-related injuries are treated in U.S. emergency departments, according to an analysis of injury data from 2006 to 2015. Those wearing helmets were significantly less likely to have head and neck injuries, the study found. And although children tend to wear helmets more consistently than adults, many still ride without one.
Along with calling for safer, more bike-friendly streets, it’s important to choose a helmet that will help protect your child from injury in a fall or a crash. When you’re choosing a helmet, focus primarily on ensuring the correct fit. “A poor fit will impact the protection a helmet can provide,” says Angela Lumba-Brown, an emergency medicine physician at Stanford Health Care.
The best way to find the right size is to take your child into a bike shop and have them try on helmets with a sales associate who’s familiar with the options, says Brad Bowman, product manager at Gregg’s Cycle. If you choose to buy online, Bowman suggests measuring your child’s head with flexible measuring tape about an inch above the eyebrows before choosing a size.
Helmet sizes are measured by head circumference (圆周), and helmets usually come with adjustable dials to accommodate a range of circumferences. For example, a 3-to-5-year-old child might wear a helmet with a 50-to-52-centimeter circumference. Bowman suggests choosing one that fits comfortably but also allows for a bit of growth. Once a sales associate helps you identify the right-sized helmet, adjust the dial until the helmet feels tight but isn’t causing the child discomfort. “After you dial in the fit, if you pull up lightly on top of the helmet, it shouldn’t come off their head,” he says.
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【答案】As there is an alarming number of kids’ bike-related injuries, apart from making securer and more rider-friendly streets, wearing a helmet while riding is critical. Bowman suggests consulting a sales associate for help or measuring your kid’s head circumference yourself when selecting a fit helmet. He also suggests allowing comfortable space to avoid discomfort caused by tightness.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍戴上头盔骑车在保护孩子安全方面也是至关重要的，并介绍了一些选择适合的头盔的方法。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①However, every day, an average of more than 500 children with bike-related injuries are treated in U.S. emergency departments, according to an analysis of injury data from 2006 to 2015. Those wearing helmets were significantly less likely to have head and neck injuries, the study found.
②Along with calling for safer, more bike-friendly streets, it’s important to choose a helmet that will help protect your child from injury in a fall or a crash.
③The best way to find the right size is to take your child into a bike shop and have them try on helmets with a sales associate who’s familiar with the options, says Brad Bowman, product manager at Gregg’s Cycle.
④Bowman suggests choosing one that fits comfortably but also allows for a bit of growth.
2. 缜密构思
将1，2两个要点进行整合，将3，4两个要点进行精简分说
3. 遣词造句
As there is an alarming number of kids’ bike-related injuries, apart from making securer and more rider-friendly streets, wearing a helmet while riding is critical.
Bowman suggests consulting a sales associate for help or measuring your kid’s head circumference yourself when selecting a fit helmet.
He also suggests allowing comfortable space to avoid discomfort caused by tightness.
【点睛】[高分句型1]As there is an alarming number of kids’ bike-related injuries, apart from making securer and more rider-friendly streets, wearing a helmet while riding is critical.用一个原因状语从句和分词作状语结构对一二段的部分内容进行总结，表达高级。
[高分句型2]Bowman suggests consulting a sales associate for help or measuring your kid’s head circumference yourself when selecting a fit helmet. 用动名词作宾语和一个省略的时间状语从句对第三段的内容进行总结，表达高级。
6．（2023下·上海杨浦·高三同济大学第一附属中学校考阶段练习）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Learning to write effectively
I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting(lasting only a short time)thought , the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand.
The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.
Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
Instead of staring at a blank, start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through your available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.
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【答案】One possible version:
How can you become an effective writer The book Writing Without Teachers advises that you should separate creative writing from critical writing. Mixing the two means either killing brilliant ideas or presenting something incomprehensible. To acquire the skill, take down your thoughts freely to capture ideas and keep revising your writing until it becomes a good piece.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如果你想要成为一名有效的作家，《没有老师的写作》一书建议你应该把创造性写作和批判性写作分开。为了获得这项技能，你可以通过自由地记下你的想法来捕捉想法，并不断修改你的写作，直到它成为一篇好文章。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously.
②Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing.
③The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is called“free writing.”
④ When you have raw materials using the critical mind and watch quietly, you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
⑤Halfway through your available time, rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product.
2.缜密构思将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句It is likely that you will believe this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
Through the half available time, you can stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product.
If the fleeting thought can be captured and simply be shared with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段内容进行了概括。其中that引导的定语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2]：If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting(lasting only a short time)thought , the thought will die.运用if引导的条件状语从句和while引导的时间状语从句对第二段主题进行了举例说明。表达非常高级。
7．（2023·上海静安·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Second-hand fashion stages a comeback
Few followers of fashion will forget the moment when a super model arrived at a New York fashion week dinner, wearing a 1950s dress. The next day, a hunt for something similar began. That was 2003. Fast forward to the 2020s and second-hand fashion is renewing a new round of craze, and this time, arguably, it’s back for good.
When super models and designers were buying things at second-hand markets and matching them with expensive pieces, the act was more related to the old ideal of what fashion was — very trend-based and very season-based. Today, ordinary people always want to have new looks but they’re becoming more aware of the impact of their choices on the environment, and the best thing we can do in this climate crisis is to limit the resources we take out of the planet. Second-hand fashion speaks to what’s happening right now. And the world is speaking back. It’s estimated that the total resale clothes market is expected to rise in value from $96 billion in 2021 to $141 billion by 2023. More than ‘back for good’, second-hand fashion looks set to become the new norm.
The increased crafts of repair and upcycling offer another contemporary dimension to the trend. There’s a rise in young people looking at things that already exist, not only to take inspiration from, but also to use as material for next-stage creation. Current repair and upcycling skills make their wish a reality.
Even social media platforms are on board. “Once you start finding heat at the second-hand fashion shop, it quickly turns into an ever-growing addiction. Each piece has history behind it,” said an online celebrity with 1.7 million followers. He, along with other celebrities posting visits to shops of this kind, has pushed up sales. Their power in the field can’t be neglected.
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【答案】One possible version:
Unlike former heat, today second-hand fashion is back permanently. Compared with fashion-oriented professionals, ordinary people turn to second-hand fashion out of consideration for environment protection. The huge market rise demonstrates its popularity. The upgraded repair and upcycling crafts make further creation possible. Social media also step in, with online celebrities influencing sales to add to the craze.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，与过去不同的是，如今二手时尚永久回归。相比于以时尚为导向的专业人士，普通人出于环保的考虑而选择二手时尚。巨大的市场上涨表明了它的受欢迎程度。升级的维修和升级回收工艺使进一步的创造成为可能。社交媒体也参与进来，网红影响销量，助长了这股热潮。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Fast forward to the 2020s and second-hand fashion is renewing a new round of craze, and this time, arguably, it’s back for good.
②When super models and designers were buying things at second-hand markets and matching them with expensive pieces, the act was more related to the old ideal of what fashion was — very trend-based and very season-based. Today, ordinary people always want to have new looks but they’re becoming more aware of the impact of their choices on the environment, and the best thing we can do in this climate crisis is to limit the resources we take out of the planet. Second-hand fashion speaks to what’s happening right now.
③The increased crafts of repair and upcycling offer another contemporary dimension to the trend.
④Even social media platforms are on board. “Once you start finding heat at the second-hand fashion shop, it quickly turns into an ever-growing addiction. Each piece has history behind it,” said an online celebrity with 1.7 million followers. He, along with other celebrities posting visits to shops of this kind, has pushed up sales. Their power in the field can’t be neglected.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Unlike former heat, today second-hand fashion is getting back permanently.
Compared with fashion-oriented professionals, common people turn to second-hand fashion out of consideration for environment protection. The huge market rise demonstrates its popularity.
The upgraded repair and upcycling crafts make further creation possible.
Social media also step in, with online celebrities influencing sales to add to the craze.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Compared with fashion-oriented professionals, ordinary people turn to second-hand fashion out of consideration for environment protection.运用过去分词作状语对第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Social media also step in, with online celebrities influencing sales to add to the craze.用with的复合结构对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
8．（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）Directions: road the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
A plan to restore green spaces
The UK government has revealed a plan to protect and restore England’s wild life. It focuses on at-risk species by making canals, rivers and streams cleaner and expanding green spaces.
The new Environmental Improvement Plan sets goals to create or restore more than 5,000 square kilometres of wildlife habitats across England and restore 400 miles of rivers. It will create or expand 25 national nature reserves. New woodland will also be planted alongside rivers. At the moment, access to green spaces is not equal across the UK. Around 4% of people live more than 10 minutes away from their nearest park. The Environmental Improvement Plan aims to make sure households in England are within a 15-minute walk to a green space.
As well as helping more people to act close to nature, the plan should increase England’s biodiversity. A species Survival Fund will be set up to help some of England’s most endangered animals, such as red squirrels (松鼠) and watch rats. The Government has set targets to boost these species by 2030. There are also targets to reduce food waste, glass, metal, paper and plastic by 2028, and to improve the quality of water in rivers.
New rules mean that the Government will have to consider the environmental effects of any policy it puts forward. These goals are part of a 25- year plan that was launched in 2018. The aim of the plan is to improve the environment “within a generation ” which is roughly 25 years.
Although lots of people have welcomed the plan, not everyone is impressed. Pail de Zylva, from the charity Friends of the Earth, said it wasn’t clear enough how the goals would be met and that many of them were like promises the Government had already made but not yet delivered.
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【答案】British government plans to preserve the endangered wildlife via watch purification and extension of greens. Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of access to green spaces and to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund. Despite the long-term plan’s pro-environmental intention, some people doubt whether these goals are achievable. (56)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，英国政府计划通过观察绿色植物的净化和扩展来保护濒危野生动物。大规模恢复生态环境的目的是在基金的支持下，消除绿色空间的不平等，促进生物多样性。尽管长期规划的意图是环保，但一些人怀疑这些目标是否可以实现。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The UK government has revealed a plan to protect and restore England’s wild life.
②It focuses on at-risk species by making canals, rivers and streams cleaner and expanding green spaces.
③The new Environmental Improvement Plan sets goals to create or restore more than 5,000 square kilometres of wildlife habitats across England and restore 400 miles of rivers.
④At the moment, access to green spaces is not equal across the UK.
⑤As well as helping more people to act close to nature, the plan should increase England’s biodiversity.
⑥Although lots of people have welcomed the plan, not everyone is impressed.
⑦Pail de Zylva, from the charity Friends of the Earth, said it wasn’t clear enough how the goals would be met and that many of them were like promises the Government had already made but not yet delivered.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2和6、7几个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
British government plans to preserve the endangered wildlife via watch purification and extension of greens.
Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of access to green spaces and to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund.
Despite the long-term plan’s pro-environmental intention, some people doubt whether these goals are achievable.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of access to green spaces and to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund.(运用了不定式作宾语)
[高分句型2] Despite the long-term plan’s pro-environmental intention, some people doubt whether these goals are achievable. (运用了whether引导的宾语从句)
9．（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Is Binge-watching the New Addiction
Have you ever loved a TV show I mean really loved it Like, you can’t wait to get to work to talk about it What about the cliffhanger That’s the unsolved situation at the end of the episode which makes you want to watch the next one. But, when will the next one be
Binge-watching is when a person watches more than one episode of a show quickly. With developments in the speed and connectivity of the internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favourite shows streamed directly to their television at their convenience.
However, this amazing gift may in fact be harmful. Recent research from British media watchdog Ofcom (英国通信管理局) finds that out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show back-to-back, almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and one quarter have neglected their housework. Next we’ll be missing work!
Bingeing has other connections — binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking, all of which are often associated with compulsive behaviour, a lack of control and a possible route to addiction. If people find binge-watching hard to resist, coupled with the fact that it has shown to lead to failure of attention in many, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction
The numerous information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. However, like any behaviour done to extremes, it can become dangerous. And when the activity begins to enter other areas, causing us to stop functioning — then it becomes a problem. So, what’s the answer Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, a little of what you fancy does you good.
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【答案】Binge-watching, a phenomenon brought by the convenience of the technology, refers to people’s craze for watching TV shows. This harmful compulsive behavior leads to sleep deprivation or tiredness, or even neglecting household and work responsibilities, which may be a new addiction. Even though the increasing amount of information can be beneficial, watching TV in moderation is much preferred.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。许多人会说，电视和网络媒体能给我们带来的大量信息和娱乐是一件好事。但是很多人逐渐的沉迷于刷剧，由此带来其他的消极影响，因此本文给出具体的刷剧建议是，刷剧要有节制。
【详解】1 要点摘录
1，Binge-watching is when a person watches more than one episode of a show quickly.
2，Almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result of Binge-watching.
3，Missing work is also connected with Binge-watching.
4,Bingeing has other connections — binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking, all of which are often associated with compulsive behaviour, a lack of control and a possible route to addiction.
5, Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much.
2.缜密构思将第1要点进行重组，将第2、3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Binge-watching, a phenomenon brought by the convenience of the technology, refers to people’s craze for watching TV shows.
This harmful compulsive behavior leads to sleep deprivation or tiredness, or even neglecting household and work responsibilities, which may be a new addiction.
Even though the increasing amount of information can be beneficial, watching TV in moderation is much preferred.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Binge-watching, a phenomenon brought by the convenience of the technology, refers to people’s craze for watching TV shows.运用过去分词作后置定语，以及动名词作宾语。
[高分句型2]Even though the increasing amount of information can be beneficial, watching TV in moderation is much preferred.运用了让步状语从句，动名词作主语，表达高级。
[高分句型3]This harmful compulsive behavior leads to sleep deprivation or tiredness, or even neglecting household and work responsibilities, which may be a new addiction. 运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
10．（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How your unique story can get you hired
You’re sitting at your computer to apply for your dream job, but suddenly you’re not confident enough to get it. So you don’t even submit the application. It is natural for you to experience self-doubt at such a crucial moment, especially if you’re people of color, first generation college student, or you don’t have a traditional background. The secret is to transform how you perceive your own story.
Ask yourself two questions. The first one: why do you want to do this work Maybe you already know the kind of job or work environment that makes you happy, or maybe you haven’t quite figured that out yet. Usually, your personal experiences can help give you clues. For example, your brother had to overcome his dyslexia (诵读困难症), and you helped him with his reading. Gradually, you became interested in education. That motivated you to work as a teacher.
The second question you have to ask yourself: how can you tell your story to exhibit the unique qualities you have For example, you undertook multiple jobs unrelated to your major while you were in college. When you’re in an interview, go ahead and talk about them, because it will show the employer that you have time management skills and a strong passion for work. Employers are looking for well-rounded individuals that are capable of accomplishing various job tasks.
Go back and reflect on those tough questions that you need to answer. The answers are what makes you you. Reframing your story can remake your confidence over and over again, but it takes time. It’s like running a marathon. You have to train and practice. When you learn to practice your story, tell it with assurance. You’re sure to stand out among all the candidates.
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【答案】(version1)
When you doubt yourself in job-hunting, viewing your own story from a different perspective is helpful. First, look for some possible motives from your previous experiences. Second, dig your strengths and demonstrate them to the employers. If you make full use of these skills, it is more likely for you to get your dream job. (55 words)
(version2)
Your unique story can help you get your dream job successfully. The key is to make good use of the story. First, ask yourself why you want to do this work by referring to your personal experiences. Second, figure out how you can demonstrate your unique strengths to the employers. With these skills, you are more likely to get hired. (60 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在申请自己梦想中的工作时，要改变对自己故事的看法，首先弄清楚自己为什么要做这项工作，其次，在面试时，展现自己的独特品质，以此在所有候选人中脱颖而出。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①It is natural for you to experience self-doubt at such a crucial moment. The secret is to transform how you perceive your own story.
②The first one: why do you want to do this work Usually, your personal experiences can help give you clues.
③The second question you have to ask yourself: how can you tell your story to exhibit the unique qualities you have
④When you learn to practice your story, tell it with assurance. You’re sure to stand out among all the candidates.
2.缜密构思
将第1、4个要点进行重组，将第2、3个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
When you experience self-doubt in job-hunting, perceiving your own story from a different perspective is helpful.
First, look for some possible reasons from your personal experiences.
Second, dig your unique qualities and exhibit them to the employers.
If you make full use of these skills, it is more likely to stand out among all the candidates.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When you doubt yourself in job-hunting, viewing your own story from a different perspective is helpful.（运用了主从复合句对第一段进行概括，其中when引导的时间状语从句、动名词短语作句子主语表达高级）
【高分句型2】If you make full use of these skills, it is more likely for you to get your dream job.（运用了主从复合句对第四段进行概括，其中if引导的条件状语从句表达高级）