备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(上海专用)六选四10篇(第二期)-（含解析）
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备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(上海专用)
第二期
专题04 六选四10篇
（2023上·上海·高三校考阶段练习）How to Thrive in a video age
The pandemic embedded video into the workplace. Workers who had never previously been on camera suddenly spent every hour of the day getting used to the sight of themselves and their colleagues on screen. 1
There is no going back. Blogs have become vlogs. Meetings are now recorded as a matter so that people can fail to watch them back later. Some firms routinely ask applicants to record answers to certain questions on video, so that people can’t see how well prospective recruits communicate.
Since video has become more central to work, it pays to be good at it. 2 . Workers can improve under their own steam, but companies can help, too.
To see what the right set-up looks like, just observe the range of images on your next, video-conferencing call. It will probably be a complete mishmash (大杂烩). Some people will be bathed in the warm glow of a ring light; others will be emerging from the shadows like the Emperor Palpatine. Obviously, there is a limit to how level the playing-field-between home offices can be, when living environments between employees differ so greatly. 3 : people who regularly make presentations or see clients have greater claim on fancier equipment.
Advice on how to present well on video is not that different to advice on presenting in general. But there are some specific pitfalls with video. One is where to look. Staring into the camera is unnatural. Some advice pinning a photo of someone you respect right by the lens. But looking at the camera is harder if you are referring to notes no the screen at the same time. Teleprompter (提词器) software maybe the right answer.
Perhaps the least recognised skill in the video age is listening well. 4 — being able to turn your camera off when your time is being royally wasted may be the pandemic’s greatest gift to productivity. Yet one of the downsides is how distracting it can be: as well as checking yourself out and following the online chat, you can comment on someone’s new wallpaper while watching their neighbour shovel noodles into their mouth. It takes real effort to stay focused in such circumstances.
A．Being a star in the video age means having the right set-up, speaking well and listening well
B．whether providing decent home-working equipment or giving feedback on how people appear on screen, employers can help everyone improve their video game
C．Whether you are on camera or in the room, it is always easier to listen when there is something worth hearing
D．Executives realized that they could send video messages to their workforces rather thanhaving to assemble in town halls
E．However, not everyone needs to look like an A-lister
F．After all, one great benefit of the virtual meeting is that you can get actual work done in it
（2023上·上海·高三上海市建平中学校考期中）The Dance of Life
Before children learn to talk, and without having seen anyone dance, they express happiness through simple rhythmic movements or what we later recognize as simple dances. 5 There are birds that actually have group dances: circling, bowing, advancing, and retreating in unison.
Nevertheless, it is only human beings who have adapted dance to therapeutic purposes. Dance as therapy goes back a long time. Primitive people first danced by themselves instinctively and found, after a while, that repeated rhythmic movements produced a good feeling. 6 This was the birth of dance therapy.
7 It was used for a wide variety of purposes and on different occasions: religious ceremonies, war dances, hunting dances, rain dances, planting and harvesting dances, marriage and funeral dances. Sadly, today, many “advance” industrial societies, such as the U. S. , have lost many of the functions connected to these older dances. They have been replaced, for example, with rave dancing which, at its best, involves shaking your body at a rave or nightclub.
But the “primitive” use of dance as therapy has recently seen a huge revival. 8 There are nearly two million website for dance therapy on the Internet, and dance therapy groups around the world combine pleasure with health and well-being. People who may be put off by therapies based on weird philosophies will readily take to dancing every Saturday night. Dance therapy nowadays, in fact, is taken very seriously by both alternative and conventional medical practitioners. It would seem that the “dance of life” continues to move us all.
A．Dance has always seemed to have a magic healing power.
B．And it’s not only humans that dance-animals and insects dance as well.
C．Never before has there been such interest in courses offering dance therapy.
D．Those with medical problems can’t tell they are in therapy because they are just having fun.
E．Associations were formed between dance and this positive effect on the mind and emotions.
F．They dressed up as animals and jumped up and down making animal movements and noises.
（2023上·上海·高三复旦附中校考期中）Could a New Battery Solve Our Energy Problem
Researchers in the US have made headlines worldwide by developing a new type of battery that charges far faster and holds way more charge than today’s lithium cells (锂电池). It’s not just a terrific technology story, either. The team behind it is led by tech legend Prof John Goodenough of the University of Texas, Austin—the co-inventor of the original lithium-ion battery, and still doing brilliant work at the age of 94.
9 That’s why we’re still using 21st-Century gadgetry with one eye on battery, wondering if we can get to a charger before our device goes completely dead.
This depressing state of affairs is more than simply inconvenient. If we’re to make the most of renewable energy, we need ways of coping with those times when the wind drops or there’s no sunshine. 10
Elon Musk, the billionaire boss of electric car company Tesla, certainly thinks so. He’s already created a 20 megawatt battery ‘farm’ in California, and is willing to put his money where his batteries are. 11 For example, one wind farm in Hawaii had three fires in its battery ‘farm’ within a year of opening.
But now Goodenough and his team may have found the answer, by switching from lithium to sodium (钠).
The lithium batteries that made Goodenough’s reputation contain a liquid electrolyte (电解质) which doesn’t respond well to rapid charging. One of Goodenough’s colleagues, Maria Braga, decided that the answer lay in switching to solid electrolytes. The team has now managed to get a solid glass electrolyte to work with sodium, which is similar to lithium but far more common. 12 The battery has triple the charge of its lithium equivalent, it charges in minutes rather than hours, and it has a longer lifespan.
Advances in energy storage are vital if renewable are going to reach their potential. The boundless energy of Goodenough—the Li-ion King himself—may just have found the solution just in time.
A．Batteries that store energy for those times is one pretty obvious solution.
B．No one seriously questions the need for wind and solar power to be part of global energy strategy.
C．The result is transformational.
D．Yet not everyone is convinced current battery technology is up to the job.
E．While computing power famously doubles every two years, battery performance has barely doubled in 20.
F．Commercialisation may take a decade, though it could happen faster.
（2023上·上海·高三上海市进才中学校考阶段练习）Why We Hate the Feeling of Failure and How It Affects Us
Loss aversion is the idea that a potential loss has greater weight in a person's mind than the possible gain. People seek to avoid failure and the negative feelings they expect will come from such a loss.
13 . Marketers want to understand the emotions surrounding loss so they can word advertisements in a way that prompts consumers to feel they need to buy a product to avoid negative feelings.
More recently, social scientists have turned their at tent on to how loss aversion can hinder people from performing in their daily lives. 14 .
Sports and athletic performance was one of the first areas of focus. A study in May 2023 looked at how adult athletes were hindered by a fear of failure. It found that athletes who feared failure tended to approach an athletic event and appraise(评估) it for potential losses.
Losses weren't just related to the final numbers on the scoreboard. Rather, some athletes approached a practice or a game and saw it as a potential to perform poorly and lose standing with their coach, teammates or fellow athletes. 15 Scholars are also considering how a fear of failure impacts academics. In a 2015 article, researchers conducted a meta-analysis of 33 studies that measured the relationship between procrastination and academic performance.
Not surprisingly, procrastination was shown to decrease academic performance. 16 .Rather, this type of I'll-get to-it later mentality was a loss aversion strategy. When a student didn't feel confident or competent in completing a task, whether it was writing an essay or studying for an exam, they procrastinated to delay feeling like a failure.
While our fear of loss may impact our mindset and whether or not we pursue something new, if we let that fear take hold, then we’ve already lost. There for, don’t let fear of failure keep you from trying something new.
A．Researchers have examined how fear of failure can lead to-procrastination.
B．The loss was seen as humiliating and something the athlete feared or wanted to avoid.
C．Research has found this fear of failure drives people to stop pursuing their passions.
D．However, the study found that it wasn't due to students prioritizing their social life or Netflix queue.
E．Doubt has killed their dreams than failure ever will
F．Loss a version has long been used to study consumer psychology.
（2023上·上海·高三上海市大同中学校考开学考试）College rankings are misleading. So why do we still use them
Many high school seniors have been opening emails over the past weeks that tell them whether they got into the colleges of their choice. 17
A math professor at Columbia University is challenging the data that the Ivy League school reported to U. S. News & World Report , which earned it the No. 2 ranking this year. A couple of weeks ago, in what must be the granddaddy of fake-data scandals, the fired dean of Temple University’s business school received a 14-month sentence after he was convicted in federal court of sending fake information to U. S. News & World Report to boost the school’s prestige. Claremont McKenna College, The George Washington University and many other schools have also tweaked data to boost rankings.
18 The problem is the rankings themselves. They can be a counterproductive way for families to pick schools. Probably few college applicants are aware that the single biggest factor U. S. News uses to rank schools is their reputation among officials at other colleges, who might or might not have deep knowledge of the schools. That accounts for 20% of the score.
The second biggest factor is six-year graduation rates. But since low-income students are far less likely to graduate within that time period - or ever - than middle-class students, this is more an indication of student affluence than academic excellence. 19
U. S. News had made some positive changes in recent years. It dropped student acceptance rate as one of the criteria, which had led colleges to heavily market to students even if they had almost no chance of acceptance. 20 The rankings use alumni donations as a proxy (指标) for students’ happiness with their school. That’s a pretty meager way to measure satisfaction.
What most high school students and parents really need to know is whether a college offers a rich choice of courses with good instructors; whether graduates will leave with a load of debt; whether students will feel comfortable and engaged on campus; and whether they’ll be prepared for a fulfilling career.
A．But the ultimate issue with the rankings doesn’t lie with the cheaters.
B．In fact, it can have the unacceptable effect of discouraging college from accepting more low-income students, lest it worsen their graduation rates.
C．For example, a much less expensive school might offer an equal or better education than a more highly ranked but costlier one.
D．But many other factors used in ranking the schools still have little meaning to a student’s experience.
E．The most selective schools - Princeton, MIT and so forth - don’t need rankings to boost their reputation or applicant pool.
F．Even as they do so, the criticisms of published college rankings that may have guided their preferences are increasing.
（2023下·上海·高三校考阶段练习）The China Banking Association together with the National Internet Finance Association of China issued a notice on Tuesday forbidding financial companies and payment-service providers from running virtual currency-related businesses. 21 .
A virtual currency has many advantages including decentralization and distributed accounting. However, some venture capitalists have hyped up its value to make profits.
A virtual currency is not a legal negotiable instrument, that is, a real currency, even if huge amounts of funds are invested in it. It has no real value support, and should venture capitalists hype up its price and exit, other investors, especially the small ones, will be badly hit. It is necessary to strictly regulate virtual currencies to prevent them from being used as a tool for capital speculation.
Market regulators, too, should guard against virtual currencies. 22 . Each country has its own rules, which leaves loopholes (漏洞) for venture capitalists to exploit and hype up prices.
23 . Way back in December 2013, the People’s Bank of China, the country’s central bank, initiated measures to minimize the risks posed by bitcoin, by barring ministries and payment-service providers from pricing products and services in bitcoins, buying bitcoins, or using bitcoins for paying insurance claims.
Unregulated growth of a virtual currency will deal a huge blow to traditional global currency systems and create systemic risks for the global financial and capital markets. So appropriate measures should be taken to minimize the risks posed by virtual currencies.
24 . Therefore, sovereign states around the world should come together to prevent virtual currencies from subverting the existing monetary system.
A．If not regulated, virtual currencies can undermine the traditional monetary system.
B．As much as 76% of all transactions are carried out in virtual currencies, amounting to more than a half of the total value of all payments,
C．Among the world’s major economies, China has relatively strict regulations.
D．The notice said virtual currencies have no real value support and their prices can be easily manipulated, creating bubbles and false assets leading to business failures.
E．Stored and transacted through designated software, mobile, or computer applications, a virtual currency is a digital representation of value only available in electronic form.
F．Yet a global consensus (共识) on how to regulate them is still lacking.
（2023·上海长宁·统考二模）Greening the blue
Is there a “natural” way to enhance the potential of the oceans to lock away climate-warming CO2 Planting more trees on land can help draw down more CO2 from the atmosphere—the basis of many plans for carbon credits that companies buy to offset their emissions (抵消其排放). 25 Seaweed forests and saltmarshes (盐碱滩) are common examples.
Some regard the potential for this “blue carbon” as huge, although as yet there is no mechanism for integrating it into carbon offsetting plans. John Virdin of Duke University in North Carolina says, “ 26 ” He adds, “You have to go out and measure all the carbon that’s there, you have to show that it’s not going to be lost, you have to keep monitoring it.” Virdin and others have proposed extending an existing land-based plan called REDD + (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) to the ocean, but that is an idea whose ship has yet to sail.
27 In March, the UK government’s climate adviser, the Climate Change Committee, found that restoring and creating seagrass and saltmarsh ecosystems in the country would only lock away a small amount of CO2, removing “well below” 1 million tonnes a year. Nonetheless, these are efficient carbon stores according to the committee. 28
A．Using the oceans as a solution to climate change is hardly a new idea.
B．There is still some doubt about how big the marine offsetting effect might be.
C．It’s really hard to turn blue carbon conservation and restoration into carbon credits that you can sell.
D．Something similar might work in the oceans, by stimulating the growth of marine and coastal ecosystems.
E．And conserving them is important given how much fishing and other activities have degraded them.
F．The big objection to all these plans is the possibility of negative environmental side effects.
（2023·上海静安·统考二模）Tipping, customers paying service workers, usually at restaurants, for services they receive, has been a regular part of American culture for well over a century, but the emergence of new technology and shifting expectations have shaken long-standing norms around the practice. That uncertainty, together with the pressure it can often create, has left some consumers feeling exhausted by the frequency with which they’re forced to decide which workers to tip and how much.
A big reason for the growth of what is being called “tip tiredness” is the increasing presence of digital payment systems, which have replaced traditional cash registers at most businesses. Suddenly, rather than being given the chance to drop a dollar in a tip jar, customers are confronted with a tablet. 29 They have to tip for services they’d never considered tipping for in the past.
Tipping also makes labor laws more complicated. In all but a handful of states, employers are allowed to pay tipped workers below minimum wage. In some cases, the standard is as low as $2.13 per hour, as long as workers make enough in tips to earn the equivalent of minimum wage. 30 Many people are debating over whether tipping system need a repair — or even should be cancelled altogether. They say tipping needs to be eliminated and replaced by a fair wage for all service workers. The tipping practice increases the possibility that employees can’t get what they deserve. 31 In many cases, customers’ tip amounts are largely guided by factors other than quality of the service they receive, which makes the situation even worse.
However, defenders of the current arrangement say it’s still the best option. 32 It provides a chance for workers to have more control over their financial welfare. If a restaurant is doing well because it’s safely operated, properly managed and delivers great food, customers will usually tip. And when that happens, everyone — from the wait staff to the dishwashers — can share in the business’s success.
A．The frustration about such shifting wage payment has added new wrinkles to the controversy.
B．The diversity of tipping channels somewhat eases the conflicts in deciding the amount of tips.
C．No workers should have their livelihood depend on their customers’ mercy.
D．The popularity of digital point-of-sale systems has also meant consumers are being asked to tip more frequently.
E．Tipping, against many people’s wills, establishes a new customer-server relationship.
F．It’s believed that tipping is the ultimate profit-sharing plan.
（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）As a botanists who studies our cultural relationship with plants, I am forever fascinated with what draws people to gardening.
Admittedly, connecting with the natural world might seem like an obvious motivation, and undoubtedly it is a key part of the attraction. 33 If they were, we’d abandon any attempts at design, planting or care and watch how walls of weeds slowly gave way to the mass of bushes. But that wouldn’t be gardening, of course, because for all their diversity, the one thing that all gardens have in common is how unnatural they are. 34 Dazzling plants, watch features and glorious blooms is all interconnected well beyond what would naturally occur. Whether it is green lawns created in the driest deserts or a tropical paradise on a stormy North Atlantic island, they are all about shaping the natural world to fit our idea of what it “ should” be.
As I work on my tiny terrariums (玻璃花园) on dark February nights, something magical happens to my brain. 35 In a world that has become increasingly uncertain, people are often fuelled by the same psychological desire: the instinctive need to have a bit of control amid chaos.
As our world becomes more and more unpredictable and often frightening, gardening seems to be able to appeal to and reach out to a whole new generation, often against all odds.
Of course, gardening in’ t the only thing people turn to. The rise of culture conflicts and fix at ion on body image have also been widely documented as being driven by a psychological need to feel a degree of certainty, control and safety. However, I can’t help but think of these alternatives: 36
A．In reality gardens are anything but natural.
B．What are the things they have been attracted to
C．They are idealized landscape with all the mud, pests and dead plants edited out.
D．How much better a place the planet would be if gardening was our outlet for this need!
E．Much like agriculture, gardening is a universal human desire coded into our cultural DNA．
F．The calmness created by owning a tiny green space under my control has a powerful effect on my mind.
（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）Is Listening to a Book Better than Reading It
Picture yourself sitting at home in a quiet reading space, ignoring the world around you, absorbed in a tale. You read the introduction, instantly became interested and now you’re in the middle of an absolute page-turner. But, there’s a hot debate — physical books vs. e-books vs. audiobooks. Does the device you’re using to read affect your reaction to the book
37 There’s attention span, reasoning, reading fluency, memory and language comprehension. Reading is known to strengthen communicative ability, vocabulary and increase emotional intelligence and social awareness. So, whichever way you’re reading, there are definitely benefits.
But, let’s look at the pros to reading with your eyes — that’s physical books and e-books. 38 This is because when you can actually see the words, your attention is held more closely. Add to this the fact that with physical books you can go back and find any part you missed, especially if your mind wanders, which will likely happen at some point or other.
On the other hand, there’s the audiobook. Headphones in, you’re switched off from life and the story really comes alive, almost like watching a film — in your head. From a scientific perspective, listening to an audiobook is likely to help you develop a fellow feeling as you hear the emotion of the narrator. 39 Hearing the story engages different parts of the brain, increasing the intensity and imagery, making you enjoy it more. Yet, going back to attention period, with an audiobook it’s true that it’s much harder to go back and listen again.
40 Perhaps, next time you find yourself browsing bookshop shelves, also consider the format. It may just change your whole literary experience.
A．They help us become continuous readers.
B．They can help to remember information better.
C．Generally, reading uses several areas of the brain.
D．We can more easily understand the changes in tones.
E．All in all, it seems that there are advantages to both physical books and audiobooks.
F．According to a research from Oxford University, audio books affect our reading reaction most.
参考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．E 4．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何在视频时代蓬勃发展。
1．根据上文“The pandemic embedded video into the workplace. Workers who had never previously been on camera suddenly spent every hour of the day getting used to the sight of themselves and their colleagues on screen.(疫情将视频嵌入工作场所。以前从未上过镜头的员工突然把一天中的每一个小时都花在了习惯自己和同事在屏幕上的样子上)”可知，上文提到了疫情期间人们开始利用视频来工作，故本句承接上文说明雇主通过视频对员工进行管理。故D选项“高管们意识到，他们可以向员工发送视频信息，而不必在市政厅集会”符合语境，故选D。
2．根据上文“Since video has become more central to work, it pays to be good at it.(由于视频在工作中越来越重要，擅长视频是值得的)”以及后文“Workers can improve under their own steam, but companies can help, too.(员工可以靠自己的力量进步，但公司也可以提供帮助)”可知，上文提到了擅长视频值得，后文提到了个人和公司的努力，故本句说明值得的原因。故A选项“在视频时代成为明星意味着要有合适的环境，说得好，听得好”符合语境，故选A。
3．根据上文“Obviously, there is a limit to how level the playing-field-between home offices can be, when living environments between employees differ so greatly.(显然，当员工之间的生活环境差异如此之大时，家庭办公室之间的公平竞争环境是有限的)”以及后文“people who regularly make presentations or see clients have greater claim on fancier equipment.(经常做报告或会见客户的人更有资格购买更高档的设备)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出普通人是否需要像明星那样购买高档设备，故E选项“然而，并不是每个人都需要看起来像一线明星”符合语境，故选E。
4．根据上文“Perhaps the least recognised skill in the video age is listening well.(也许在视频时代，最不被认可的技能是善于倾听)”以及后文“being able to turn your camera off when your time is being royally wasted may be the pandemic’s greatest gift to productivity(当你的时间被严重浪费时，能够关掉相机可能是疫情给生产力带来的最大礼物)”可知，上文提到了不被认可的技能是善于倾听，后文提到了关掉相机可以提高生产力，可推测本句是在说明完成工作的要求。故F选项“毕竟，虚拟会议的一大好处就是你可以在其中完成实际工作”符合语境，故选F。
5．B 6．E 7．A 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了舞蹈有着神奇的治愈力量，对人的情感和思想有着积极的影响，因此而诞生的舞蹈治疗法也受到越来越多的人的重视和认可。
5．根据上一句“Before children learn to talk, and without having seen anyone dance, they express happiness through simple rhythmic movements or what we later recognize as simple dances.”（在孩子们学会说话之前，他们没有看过任何人跳舞，他们通过简单的有节奏的动作或我们后来认为的简单的舞蹈来表达开心。）可知，人类天生就会跳舞；结合下一句“There are birds that actually have group dances: circling, bowing, advancing, and retreating in unison.”（有些鸟实际上会群舞：一起盘旋、鞠躬、前进和后退。）可知，不仅人类，鸟类也会跳舞；选项B. And it’s not only humans that dance-animals and insects dance as well.（不仅人类会跳舞，动物和昆虫也会跳舞。）指出了不仅人类会跳舞，动物也会，承上启下，符合语意。故选B。
6．根据上一句“Primitive people first danced by themselves instinctively and found, after a while, that repeated rhythmic movements produced a good feeling.”（原始人最初是凭本能自己跳舞，过了一段时间后，他们发现重复的有节奏的动作能产生一种良好的感觉。）可知，人类慢慢发现舞蹈能够带给人良好的感觉，选项E. Associations were formed between dance and this positive effect on the mind and emotions.（舞蹈与这种对思想和情感的积极影响之间形成了联系。）中的“this positive effect”与上一句的“good feeling”相对应，进一步说明了舞蹈有利于帮助人类建立良好的情绪和感觉，结合下一句“This was the birth of dance therapy.”（这就是舞蹈疗法的诞生。）可知，舞蹈对人类情感的积极影响导致了舞蹈疗法的产生，该句中的“This”指代选项E的内容，语意合理，符合语境。故选E。
7．根据下一句“It was used for a wide variety of purposes and on different occasions:”（它用于各种各样的目的和不同的场合：）可知，该句中的“It”指代“舞蹈”，选项A. Dance has always seemed to have a magic healing power.（舞蹈似乎一直有一种神奇的治愈力量。）中的主语“Dance”与之相对应，说明了舞蹈被用于各种目的和场合的原因，是因为它有一种神奇的治愈力量，衔接下文，语意合理。故选A。
8．根据上一句“But the “primitive” use of dance as therapy has recently seen a huge revival.”（但是，舞蹈作为治疗的“原始”用途最近出现了巨大的复兴。）可知，舞蹈治疗开始兴起，人们对这种方式产生了极大的兴趣，选项C. Never before has there been such interest in courses offering dance therapy.（人们对提供舞蹈治疗的课程从未有过如此浓厚的兴趣。）具体说明了人们产生兴趣的具体表现；结合下一句“There are nearly two million website for dance therapy on the Internet, and dance therapy groups around the world combine pleasure with health and well-being.”（互联网上有近200万个舞蹈治疗网站，世界各地的舞蹈治疗团体将快乐与健康和幸福结合在一起。）可知，互联网上有许多提供舞蹈治疗的课程，这应该是人们对此产生极大兴趣所导致的结果，故选项C承上启下，语意衔接合理。故选C。
9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了新型电池能否解决能源问题。
9．后文提到“That’s why we’re still using 21st-Century gadgetry with one eye on battery, wondering if we can get to a charger before our device goes completely dead.”（因此，在使用21世纪的电子产品时，我们不得不时刻关注着电池情况，担心设备没电前是否能找到充电器。）电池技术相对来讲并没有完全成熟，因此人们在使用的时候仍然担心会有断电的可能性。D项“Yet not everyone is convinced current battery technology is up to the job.”（然而，并不是所有人都相信目前的电池技术能够胜任这项工作。）该项提到了人们对于电池技术仍然持保留态度，符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选D。
10．前文提到“This depressing state of affairs is more than simply inconvenient. If we’re to make the most of renewable energy, we need ways of coping with those times when the wind drops or there’s no sunshine.”（这种令人沮丧的状况不仅仅是不方便。如果我们要最大限度地利用可再生能源，我们需要应对风力减弱或没有阳光的时候。）再生资源也可作为电池储能的介质，但如果没有风或者阳光也会让电池储能等变得困难，由此可知，风能和太阳能对于电池而言也是十分重要的资源。B项“No one seriously questions the need for wind and solar power to be part of global energy strategy.”（没有人会怀疑风能和太阳能成为全球能源战略中必要组成部分的重要性。）该项提到了风能和太阳能的重要性，总结了前文内容，该项符合文意。故选B。
11．前文提到“Elon Musk, the billionaire boss of electric car company Tesla, certainly thinks so. He’s already created a 20 megawatt battery ‘farm’ in California, and is willing to put his money where his batteries are. ”（电动汽车公司特斯拉(Tesla)的亿万富翁老板埃隆 马斯克(Elon Musk)当然也这么认为。他已经在加州建立了一个20兆瓦的电池“农场”，并愿意把钱花在电池上。），由此判断，特斯拉老板甚至建立了一个“电池农场”来进行电力的储存。A项“Batteries that store energy for those times is one pretty obvious solution.”（储存能量的电池是一个很明显的解决方案。）该项提到将电池的储能作为解决电池电量的办法。该项符合文意。故选A。
12．前文提到“The team has now managed to get a solid glass electrolyte to work with sodium, which is similar to lithium but far more common.”（该团队现在已经成功地获得了一种固体玻璃电解质，可以与钠一起反应，钠与锂类似，但更常见。）前文提到了在电解质方面的改进，以及后文提到“The battery has triple the charge of its lithium equivalent, it charges in minutes rather than hours, and it has a longer lifespan.”（这种电池的电量是锂电池的三倍，充电只需几分钟而不是几小时，而且寿命更长。）后文提到了这种电池电量与之前电池的对比，说明这种改进是巨大的。C项“The result is transformational.”（结果是革命性的。）该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选C。
13．F 14．C 15．B 16．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了人们为什么讨厌失败感，并且说明了害怕失败对我们的影响。
13．根据后文“Marketers want to understand the emotions surrounding loss so they can word advertisements in a way that prompts consumers to feel they need to buy a product to avoid negative feelings. (营销人员想要了解损失带来的情绪，这样他们就可以用一种方式来描述广告，促使消费者觉得他们需要购买一种产品，以避免负面情绪。)”可知，此处强调市场营销人员想要理解与损失相关的情绪，以便在广告中用一种方式来引导消费者产生购买某种产品的需求，以避免负面情绪，此处为消费心理方面的一个例子来说明失败给我们带来的影响。F选项“Loss a version has long been used to study consumer psychology.(损失规避一直被用来研究消费者心理学。)”概括本段段旨，提出从消费心理学的角度来产生失败给我们带来的影响，符合语境。故选F。
14．根据前文“More recently, social scientists have turned their at tent on to how loss aversion can hinder people from performing in their daily lives.(最近，社会科学家把他们的研究转向了损失厌恶是如何阻碍人们在日常生活中表现的。)”可知，此处是从社会科学家的角度来研究损失或者失败给人们带来的影响即阻碍人们在生活中的表现，后文应该对此进行详细举例或者说明。C选项“Research has found this fear of failure drives people to stop pursuing their passions.(研究发现，对失败的恐惧驱使人们停止追求自己的激情。)”与前文呼应，指出对失败的恐惧阻碍了人们追求自己的激，符合语境。故选C。
15．根据前文“Rather, some athletes approached a practice or a game and saw it as a potential to perform poorly and lose standing with their coach, teammates or fellow athletes.(相反，一些运动员在进行训练或比赛时，认为这可能会让他们表现不佳，在教练、队友或其他运动员面前失去地位。)”可知，运动员是害怕失败的，因为运动场中的失败会影响他们的运动表现以及可能会让他们在教练、队友和其他运动员面前失去地位。B选项“The loss was seen as humiliating and something the athlete feared or wanted to avoid.(失败被视为耻辱，是运动员害怕或想要避免的事情。)”承接前文，继续强调运动员害怕失败的原因即他们视失败为耻辱的事情，故运动员想要规避失败，符合语境。故选B。
16．根据前文“Not surprisingly, procrastination was shown to decrease academic performance.(毫不奇怪，拖延被证明会降低学业表现。)”以及“Rather, this type of I'll-get to-it later mentality was a loss aversion strategy. (相反，这种“等会儿再说”的态度被证明是一种“损失厌恶”的策略。)”可知，拓展会被证明是降低学业表现的。后文具体指出拖延之所以降低学生成绩表现的根本原因是——“损失厌恶”，而不是其他的原因。D选项“However, the study found that it wasn't due to students prioritizing their social life or Netflix queue.( 然而，研究发现，这并不是因为学生优先考虑他们的社交生活或Netflix queue。)”与后文构成转折关系，强调学生成绩下降的原因不是在于他们优先考虑自己的社交生活或Netflix queue（一种流媒体平台），而是他们选择的是“损失厌恶”的策略造成的。故选D。
17．F 18．A 19．B 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是大学排名是有误导性，分析了大学排名的依据以及存在的问题。
17．分析语篇可知，此空应是引出本文的话题，根据空前的“Many high school seniors have been opening emails over the past weeks that tell them whether they got into the colleges of their choice.(在过去的几周里，许多高中毕业生都在打开电子邮件，询问他们是否进入了自己选择的大学。)”可知，很多学生在使用电子邮件查询自己是否进入了自己选择的大学，F选项“Even as they do so, the criticisms of published college rankings that may have guided their preferences are increasing.(即使在他们这样做的同时，对公布的大学排名的批评也在增加，这些排名可能引导了他们的偏好。)”中的they指代的内容与空前的Many high school seniors一致，且引出本文讲述的大学排名的话题。故选F项。
18．根据上段中的“Claremont McKenna College, The George Washington University and many other schools have also tweaked data to boost rankings.(克莱蒙特麦肯纳学院(Claremont McKenna College)、乔治华盛顿大学(George Washington University)和许多其他学校也调整了数据以提高排名。)”可知，很多大学通过调整数据，改变大学排名，根据空后的“The problem is the rankings themselves.(问题在于排名本身。)”可知，此处讲述的是人们使用大学排名的问题出在哪里，此处指的是问题出在排名自身，分析语篇可知，此空应起到承上启下的作用，A选项“But the ultimate issue with the rankings doesn’t lie with the cheaters.(但排名的最终问题并不在于作弊者。)”中的the cheaters指的是上段中“A couple of weeks ago, in what must be the granddaddy of fake-data scandals, the fired dean of Temple University’s business school received a 14-month sentence after he was convicted in federal court of sending fake information to U. S. News & World Report to boost the school’s prestige. (几周前，坦普尔大学商学院院长因向《美国新闻与世界报道》发送虚假信息以提高该校声誉而在联邦法院被判有罪，他被判14个月监禁，这一定是虚假数据丑闻的鼻祖。)”的内容，且选项中the ultimate issue与空后的the problem相对应，起到了承上启下的作用。故选A项。
19．根据本段的主题句“The second biggest factor is six-year graduation rates.(第二大因素是六年毕业率。)”可知，大学的毕业率影响大学的排名，B选项“In fact, it can have the unacceptable effect of discouraging college from accepting more low-income students, lest it worsen their graduation rates.(事实上，它可能会产生不可接受的影响，使大学不愿招收更多低收入家庭的学生，以免他们的毕业率下降。)”中讲述的内容为大学不愿意招收低收入家庭的学生，担心影响他们的毕业率，与本文主题一致。故选B项。
20．根据空前的“It dropped student acceptance rate as one of the criteria, which had led colleges to heavily market to students even if they had almost no chance of acceptance.(它取消了学生录取率的标准之一，这导致大学在几乎没有被录取机会的情况下也大力向学生推销。)”可知，此处讲述的是取消大学录取率的评价标准，这是对大学排名做出的调整，根据空后的“The rankings use alumni donations as a proxy (指标) for students’ happiness with their school. That’s a pretty meager way to measure satisfaction.(该排名以校友捐款作为衡量学生对学校满意度的指标。)”可知，大学排名使用校友捐款作为衡量对学校满意度的标准，由此可知，此空处应应为过渡内容，D选项“But many other factors used in ranking the schools still have little meaning to a student’s experience.(但是在学校排名中使用的许多其他因素对学生的经历仍然没有什么意义。)”中的but表明，此空处与空前内容为转折关系，且与空后大学排名的其他因素（使用校友捐款）的内容吻合。故选D项。
21．D 22．F 23．C 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟货币的相关知识，并呼吁世界各国的主权国家应该团结起来，防止虚拟货币颠覆现有的货币体系。
21．根据空前“The China Banking Association together with the National Internet Finance Association of China issued a notice on Tuesday forbidding financial companies and payment-service providers from running virtual currency-related businesses.(中国银行业协会和中国互联网金融协会周二发布通知，禁止金融公司和支付服务提供商经营与虚拟货币相关的业务。)”可知，中国银行业协会和互联网金融协会发布通知禁止金融公司和支付服务提供商经营与虚拟货币相关的业务。选项D“The notice said virtual currencies have no real value support and their prices can be easily manipulated, creating bubbles and false assets leading to business failures.(该通知称，虚拟货币没有真正的价值支撑，其价格很容易被操纵，产生泡沫和虚假资产，导致商业失败。)”是上文内容的延续，解释了该通知发布的原因，是防止产生泡沫和虚假资产。故选D。
22．根据空前“Market regulators, too, should guard against virtual currencies.(市场监管机构也应该防范虚拟货币。)”可知，作者认为市场监管机构也应该防范虚拟货币。而空后“Each country has its own rules, which leaves loopholes (漏洞) for venture capitalists to exploit and hype up prices.(每个国家都有自己的规定，这就给风险资本家留下了漏洞，可以利用这些漏洞来抬高价格。)”则讲述了市场监管机构存在漏洞。选项F“Yet a global consensus (共识) on how to regulate them is still lacking.(然而，对于如何监管它们，全球仍缺乏共识。)”承上启下，引出下文各国监管存在一定漏洞。故选F。
23．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Way back in December 2013, the People’s Bank of China, the country’s central bank, initiated measures to minimize the risks posed by bitcoin, by barring ministries and payment-service providers from pricing products and services in bitcoins, buying bitcoins, or using bitcoins for paying insurance claims.(早在2013年12月，中国央行中国人民银行就开始采取措施，将比特币带来的风险降至最低，禁止各部委和支付服务提供商用比特币为产品和服务定价、购买比特币或使用比特币支付保险理赔。)”可知，本段主要讲述了中国政府的监管工作。选项C“Among the world’s major economies, China has relatively strict regulations.(在世界主要经济体中，中国的监管相对严格。)”符合下文内容，指的是中国的监管相对严格。故选C。
24．空后内容“Therefore, sovereign states around the world should come together to prevent virtual currencies from subverting the existing monetary system.(因此，世界各国的主权国家应该团结起来，防止虚拟货币颠覆现有的货币体系。)”指的是世界各国的主权国家应该团结起来，防止虚拟货币颠覆现有的货币体系。选项A“If not regulated, virtual currencies can undermine the traditional monetary system.(如果不加以监管，虚拟货币可能会破坏传统的货币体系。)”与下文内容一致，指出了虚拟货币如果得不到监管，会破坏传统的货币体系。也就是指出了虚拟货币得不到监管后果很严重，因此下文内容。故选A。
25．D 26．C 27．B 28．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一些自然的锁住二氧化碳的方法。
25．上文“Planting more trees on land can help draw down more CO2 from the atmosphere—the basis of many plans for carbon credits that companies buy to offset their emissions (抵消其排放). (在土地上种植更多的树木有助于从大气中吸收更多的二氧化碳，这是许多公司购买碳信用额度以抵消其排放的计划的基础)”指出，种植更多树木对吸收二氧化碳有好处。下文“Seaweed forests and saltmarshes (盐碱滩) are common examples. (海藻林和盐碱滩就是常见的例子)”提出了种植树木外的措施例子，故可推测上文提出了另一种措施。选项D“Something similar might work in the oceans, by stimulating the growth of marine and coastal ecosystems. (类似的东西可能通过刺激海洋和沿海生态系统的生长而在海洋中发挥作用)”指出，过刺激海洋和沿海生态系统的生长也能起到类似的作用，是对上文的延续，其下文又是对此的举例说明，符合语境。故选D项。
26．下文“He adds, “You have to go out and measure all the carbon that’s there, you have to show that it’s not going to be lost, you have to keep monitoring it.”(他补充道，“你必须出去测量所有的碳，你必须证明它不会丢失，你必须继续监测它。”)”指出测量碳与蓝碳保护相关的工作必须完成多项任务，很难。选项C“It’s really hard to turn blue carbon conservation and restoration into carbon credits that you can sell. (很难将蓝碳保护和恢复转化为可以出售的碳信用)”与下文联系密切，符合语境。故选C项。
27．下文“In March, the UK government’s climate adviser, the Climate Change Committee, found that restoring and creating seagrass and saltmarsh ecosystems in the country would only lock away a small amount of CO2, removing “well below” 1 million tonnes a year. (今年3月，英国政府的气候顾问气候变化委员会发现，在该国恢复和创建海草和盐碱滩生态系统只会锁住少量二氧化碳，每年去除量“远低于”100万吨。)”指出，恢复和创建海草和盐碱滩生态系统起到的效果有限，似乎并不理想。选项B“There is still some doubt about how big the marine offsetting effect might be. (对于海洋抵消效应可能有多大，仍有一些疑问)”对该效果也提出质疑，而质疑的原因就是下文所呈现出的锁住的二氧化碳量有限，不理想，故该选项能引出下文，符合语境。故选B项。
28．上文“Nonetheless, these are efficient carbon stores according to the committee. (尽管如此，根据委员会的说法，这些都是有效的碳储备)”总结了本文一些有效的碳储备。选项E“And conserving them is important given how much fishing and other activities have degraded them. (考虑到捕鱼和其他活动使它们退化的程度，保护它们很重要)”指出保护这些碳之所以重要是因为退化严重，符合语境。故选E项。
29．D 30．A 31．C 32．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个多世纪以来，小费一直是美国文化的一个常规组成部分，但新技术的出现和人们期望的转变已经动摇了围绕这一做法的长期规范。
29．根据上文“A big reason for the growth of what is being called “tip tiredness” is the increasing presence of digital payment systems, which have replaced traditional cash registers at most businesses.(“付小费疲劳症”增多的一个重要原因是数字支付系统的日益普及，在大多数企业，数字支付系统已经取代了传统的收银机)”可知，数字支付系统增加了人们的“付小费疲劳症”，即因为支付小费，而疲劳。由此可知，D. The popularity of digital point-of-sale systems has also meant consumers are being asked to tip more frequently.(数字销售点系统的普及也意味着消费者被要求更频繁地给小费)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
30．根据上文“Tipping also makes labor laws more complicated. In all but a handful of states, employers are allowed to pay tipped workers below minimum wage. In some cases, the standard is as low as $2.13 per hour, as long as workers make enough in tips to earn the equivalent of minimum wage.(给小费也让劳动法变得更加复杂。除了少数几个州外，大多数州都允许雇主支付给有小费的员工低于最低工资。在某些情况下，标准低至每小时2.13美元，只要员工的小费收入足以达到最低工资水平)”可知，此处提到了一种工资支付方式。由此可知，A. The frustration about such shifting wage payment has added new wrinkles to the controversy.(这种工资支付方式的变化带来的挫折感给这场争议增添了新的波折)能够承接上文，符合语境，其中shifting wage payment指的是上文中的工资支付方式。故选A。
31．根据上文“They say tipping needs to be eliminated and replaced by a fair wage for all service workers. The tipping practice increases the possibility that employees can’t get what they deserve.(他们说，应该取消给小费，代之以对所有服务业工作者的公平工资)”可知，此处指应该取消给小费，代之以对所有服务业工作者的公平工资。由此可知，C. No workers should have their livelihood depend on their customers’ mercy.(任何工人的生计都不应该依赖于顾客的怜悯)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
32．根据下文“It provides a chance for workers to have more control over their financial welfare. If a restaurant is doing well because it’s safely operated, properly managed and delivers great food, customers will usually tip. And when that happens, everyone — from the wait staff to the dishwashers — can share in the business’s success.(它为工人提供了一个对自己的财务福利有更多控制权的机会。如果一家餐馆经营得很好，因为它经营安全，管理得当，提供美味的食物，顾客通常会给小费。当这种情况发生时，从服务员到洗碗工，每个人都可以分享生意的成功)”可知，小费成为一种利润分享方案。由此可知，F. It’s believed that tipping is the ultimate profit-sharing plan.(小费被认为是最终的利润分享方案)能够开启下文，符合语境。故选F。
33．A 34．C 35．F 36．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们从事园艺工作的原因以及园艺的作用。
33．根据上文“Admittedly, connecting with the natural world might seem like an obvious motivation, and undoubtedly it is a key part of the attraction.(诚然，与自然世界联系似乎是一个明显的动机，毫无疑问，这是吸引力的关键部分)”以及后文“If they were, we’d abandon any attempts at design, planting or care and watch how walls of weeds slowly gave way to the mass of bushes.(如果是这样，我们就会放弃任何设计、种植或护理的尝试，看着一堆堆的杂草慢慢地让位于大量的灌木丛)”可知，后文提到放弃花园的设计，花园就会变得杂草丛生，可见花园不属于自然的一部分，需要人工维护。故A选项“实际上，花园一点也不自然”符合语境，故选A。
34．根据上文“But that wouldn’t be gardening, of course, because for all their diversity, the one thing that all gardens have in common is how unnatural they are.(但这当然不是园艺，因为尽管花园种类繁多，但所有花园都有一个共同点，那就是它们多么不自然)”可知，本句旨在指出花园的不自然之处：去掉了所有的泥土、害虫和枯死的植物，是理想化的景观。故C选项“去掉了所有的泥土、害虫和枯死的植物，是理想化的景观”符合语境，故选C。
35．根据上文“As I work on my tiny terrariums (玻璃花园) on dark February nights, something magical happens to my brain.(在二月的夜晚，当我在我的玻璃花园工作时，我的大脑发生了一些神奇的事情)”以及后文“In a world that has become increasingly uncertain, people are often fuelled by the same psychological desire: the instinctive need to have a bit of control amid chaos.(在一个越来越不确定的世界里，人们经常受到同样的心理欲望的刺激：在混乱中有一点控制的本能需求)”可知，本句旨在说明料理花园给作者的思想带来怎样的感受。故F选项“在我的控制下，拥有一个小小的绿色空间所创造的平静对我的思想有强大的影响”符合语境，故选F。
36．根据上文“Of course, gardening in’ t the only thing people turn to. The rise of culture conflicts and fix at ion on body image have also been widely documented as being driven by a psychological need to feel a degree of certainty, control and safety. However, I can’t help but think of these alternatives(当然，园艺并不是人们唯一的选择。文化冲突的兴起和对身体形象的执着也被广泛证明是由一种心理需求驱动的，这种心理需求需要感受到一定程度的确定性、控制感和安全感。然而，我忍不住想到了这些选择)”可知，上文提到人们需要感受到一定程度的确定性、控制感和安全感，结合文章主要论述的是园艺，可知园艺可以满足这一需求。故D选项“如果园艺是我们满足这一需求的出口，地球将是一个多么美好的地方啊！”符合语境，故选D。
37．C 38．B 39．D 40．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是看书和听书各自的优点。
37．根据下文“There’s attention span, reasoning, reading fluency, memory and language comprehension. Reading is known to strengthen communicative ability, vocabulary and increase emotional intelligence and social awareness.(包括注意力持续时间、推理能力、阅读流畅性、记忆力和语言理解能力。众所周知，阅读可以增强沟通能力，词汇量，提高情商和社会意识)”可知，阅读锻炼很多能力，C选项“Generally, reading uses several areas of the brain.(一般来说，阅读会用到大脑的几个区域)”表明阅读可以锻炼很多能力，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选C。
38．根据下文“This is because when you can actually see the words, your attention is held more closely. Add to this the fact that with physical books you can go back and find any part you missed, especially if your mind wanders, which will likely happen at some point or other.(这是因为当你能真正看到单词时，你的注意力会更集中。此外，读纸质书时，你可以回头找到你错过的任何部分，尤其是在你走神的时候，这很可能会发生)”可知，用眼睛看书可以让我们回头看错过的部分，且注意力更集中，这样的话能更好地记住所读到的内容，B选项“They can help to remember information better.(它们有助于更好地记忆信息)”符合语境，且选项中的they指代上文提到的“physical books and e-books.”。故选B。
39．根据上文“From a scientific perspective, listening to an audiobook is likely to help you develop a fellow feeling as you hear the emotion of the narrator.(从科学的角度来看，听有声书很可能会帮助你在听到叙述者的情感时产生共鸣)”和下文“Hearing the story engages different parts of the brain, increasing the intensity and imagery, making you enjoy it more.(听故事会调动大脑的不同区域，增加强度和意象，让你更享受其中)”可知，上下文都陈述听书的好处。由此可知，空格处也应该说听书的好处，D选项“We can more easily understand the changes in tones.(我们可以更容易地理解音调的变化)”符合语境，故选D。
40．根据下文“Perhaps, next time you find yourself browsing bookshop shelves, also consider the format.(也许，下次你发现自己浏览书架时，也考虑一下版式)”再联系第三段讲的看书的好处，第四段讲的听书的好处，空格处应该说的是两种版式的书都是有优势的，E选项“All in all, it seems that there are advantages to both physical books and audiobooks.(总而言之，纸质书和有声书似乎都有各自的优势)”符合语境，对上文进行总结。故选E。
答案第1页，共2页
第二期
专题04 六选四10篇
（2023上·上海·高三校考阶段练习）How to Thrive in a video age
The pandemic embedded video into the workplace. Workers who had never previously been on camera suddenly spent every hour of the day getting used to the sight of themselves and their colleagues on screen. 1
There is no going back. Blogs have become vlogs. Meetings are now recorded as a matter so that people can fail to watch them back later. Some firms routinely ask applicants to record answers to certain questions on video, so that people can’t see how well prospective recruits communicate.
Since video has become more central to work, it pays to be good at it. 2 . Workers can improve under their own steam, but companies can help, too.
To see what the right set-up looks like, just observe the range of images on your next, video-conferencing call. It will probably be a complete mishmash (大杂烩). Some people will be bathed in the warm glow of a ring light; others will be emerging from the shadows like the Emperor Palpatine. Obviously, there is a limit to how level the playing-field-between home offices can be, when living environments between employees differ so greatly. 3 : people who regularly make presentations or see clients have greater claim on fancier equipment.
Advice on how to present well on video is not that different to advice on presenting in general. But there are some specific pitfalls with video. One is where to look. Staring into the camera is unnatural. Some advice pinning a photo of someone you respect right by the lens. But looking at the camera is harder if you are referring to notes no the screen at the same time. Teleprompter (提词器) software maybe the right answer.
Perhaps the least recognised skill in the video age is listening well. 4 — being able to turn your camera off when your time is being royally wasted may be the pandemic’s greatest gift to productivity. Yet one of the downsides is how distracting it can be: as well as checking yourself out and following the online chat, you can comment on someone’s new wallpaper while watching their neighbour shovel noodles into their mouth. It takes real effort to stay focused in such circumstances.
A．Being a star in the video age means having the right set-up, speaking well and listening well
B．whether providing decent home-working equipment or giving feedback on how people appear on screen, employers can help everyone improve their video game
C．Whether you are on camera or in the room, it is always easier to listen when there is something worth hearing
D．Executives realized that they could send video messages to their workforces rather thanhaving to assemble in town halls
E．However, not everyone needs to look like an A-lister
F．After all, one great benefit of the virtual meeting is that you can get actual work done in it
（2023上·上海·高三上海市建平中学校考期中）The Dance of Life
Before children learn to talk, and without having seen anyone dance, they express happiness through simple rhythmic movements or what we later recognize as simple dances. 5 There are birds that actually have group dances: circling, bowing, advancing, and retreating in unison.
Nevertheless, it is only human beings who have adapted dance to therapeutic purposes. Dance as therapy goes back a long time. Primitive people first danced by themselves instinctively and found, after a while, that repeated rhythmic movements produced a good feeling. 6 This was the birth of dance therapy.
7 It was used for a wide variety of purposes and on different occasions: religious ceremonies, war dances, hunting dances, rain dances, planting and harvesting dances, marriage and funeral dances. Sadly, today, many “advance” industrial societies, such as the U. S. , have lost many of the functions connected to these older dances. They have been replaced, for example, with rave dancing which, at its best, involves shaking your body at a rave or nightclub.
But the “primitive” use of dance as therapy has recently seen a huge revival. 8 There are nearly two million website for dance therapy on the Internet, and dance therapy groups around the world combine pleasure with health and well-being. People who may be put off by therapies based on weird philosophies will readily take to dancing every Saturday night. Dance therapy nowadays, in fact, is taken very seriously by both alternative and conventional medical practitioners. It would seem that the “dance of life” continues to move us all.
A．Dance has always seemed to have a magic healing power.
B．And it’s not only humans that dance-animals and insects dance as well.
C．Never before has there been such interest in courses offering dance therapy.
D．Those with medical problems can’t tell they are in therapy because they are just having fun.
E．Associations were formed between dance and this positive effect on the mind and emotions.
F．They dressed up as animals and jumped up and down making animal movements and noises.
（2023上·上海·高三复旦附中校考期中）Could a New Battery Solve Our Energy Problem
Researchers in the US have made headlines worldwide by developing a new type of battery that charges far faster and holds way more charge than today’s lithium cells (锂电池). It’s not just a terrific technology story, either. The team behind it is led by tech legend Prof John Goodenough of the University of Texas, Austin—the co-inventor of the original lithium-ion battery, and still doing brilliant work at the age of 94.
9 That’s why we’re still using 21st-Century gadgetry with one eye on battery, wondering if we can get to a charger before our device goes completely dead.
This depressing state of affairs is more than simply inconvenient. If we’re to make the most of renewable energy, we need ways of coping with those times when the wind drops or there’s no sunshine. 10
Elon Musk, the billionaire boss of electric car company Tesla, certainly thinks so. He’s already created a 20 megawatt battery ‘farm’ in California, and is willing to put his money where his batteries are. 11 For example, one wind farm in Hawaii had three fires in its battery ‘farm’ within a year of opening.
But now Goodenough and his team may have found the answer, by switching from lithium to sodium (钠).
The lithium batteries that made Goodenough’s reputation contain a liquid electrolyte (电解质) which doesn’t respond well to rapid charging. One of Goodenough’s colleagues, Maria Braga, decided that the answer lay in switching to solid electrolytes. The team has now managed to get a solid glass electrolyte to work with sodium, which is similar to lithium but far more common. 12 The battery has triple the charge of its lithium equivalent, it charges in minutes rather than hours, and it has a longer lifespan.
Advances in energy storage are vital if renewable are going to reach their potential. The boundless energy of Goodenough—the Li-ion King himself—may just have found the solution just in time.
A．Batteries that store energy for those times is one pretty obvious solution.
B．No one seriously questions the need for wind and solar power to be part of global energy strategy.
C．The result is transformational.
D．Yet not everyone is convinced current battery technology is up to the job.
E．While computing power famously doubles every two years, battery performance has barely doubled in 20.
F．Commercialisation may take a decade, though it could happen faster.
（2023上·上海·高三上海市进才中学校考阶段练习）Why We Hate the Feeling of Failure and How It Affects Us
Loss aversion is the idea that a potential loss has greater weight in a person's mind than the possible gain. People seek to avoid failure and the negative feelings they expect will come from such a loss.
13 . Marketers want to understand the emotions surrounding loss so they can word advertisements in a way that prompts consumers to feel they need to buy a product to avoid negative feelings.
More recently, social scientists have turned their at tent on to how loss aversion can hinder people from performing in their daily lives. 14 .
Sports and athletic performance was one of the first areas of focus. A study in May 2023 looked at how adult athletes were hindered by a fear of failure. It found that athletes who feared failure tended to approach an athletic event and appraise(评估) it for potential losses.
Losses weren't just related to the final numbers on the scoreboard. Rather, some athletes approached a practice or a game and saw it as a potential to perform poorly and lose standing with their coach, teammates or fellow athletes. 15 Scholars are also considering how a fear of failure impacts academics. In a 2015 article, researchers conducted a meta-analysis of 33 studies that measured the relationship between procrastination and academic performance.
Not surprisingly, procrastination was shown to decrease academic performance. 16 .Rather, this type of I'll-get to-it later mentality was a loss aversion strategy. When a student didn't feel confident or competent in completing a task, whether it was writing an essay or studying for an exam, they procrastinated to delay feeling like a failure.
While our fear of loss may impact our mindset and whether or not we pursue something new, if we let that fear take hold, then we’ve already lost. There for, don’t let fear of failure keep you from trying something new.
A．Researchers have examined how fear of failure can lead to-procrastination.
B．The loss was seen as humiliating and something the athlete feared or wanted to avoid.
C．Research has found this fear of failure drives people to stop pursuing their passions.
D．However, the study found that it wasn't due to students prioritizing their social life or Netflix queue.
E．Doubt has killed their dreams than failure ever will
F．Loss a version has long been used to study consumer psychology.
（2023上·上海·高三上海市大同中学校考开学考试）College rankings are misleading. So why do we still use them
Many high school seniors have been opening emails over the past weeks that tell them whether they got into the colleges of their choice. 17
A math professor at Columbia University is challenging the data that the Ivy League school reported to U. S. News & World Report , which earned it the No. 2 ranking this year. A couple of weeks ago, in what must be the granddaddy of fake-data scandals, the fired dean of Temple University’s business school received a 14-month sentence after he was convicted in federal court of sending fake information to U. S. News & World Report to boost the school’s prestige. Claremont McKenna College, The George Washington University and many other schools have also tweaked data to boost rankings.
18 The problem is the rankings themselves. They can be a counterproductive way for families to pick schools. Probably few college applicants are aware that the single biggest factor U. S. News uses to rank schools is their reputation among officials at other colleges, who might or might not have deep knowledge of the schools. That accounts for 20% of the score.
The second biggest factor is six-year graduation rates. But since low-income students are far less likely to graduate within that time period - or ever - than middle-class students, this is more an indication of student affluence than academic excellence. 19
U. S. News had made some positive changes in recent years. It dropped student acceptance rate as one of the criteria, which had led colleges to heavily market to students even if they had almost no chance of acceptance. 20 The rankings use alumni donations as a proxy (指标) for students’ happiness with their school. That’s a pretty meager way to measure satisfaction.
What most high school students and parents really need to know is whether a college offers a rich choice of courses with good instructors; whether graduates will leave with a load of debt; whether students will feel comfortable and engaged on campus; and whether they’ll be prepared for a fulfilling career.
A．But the ultimate issue with the rankings doesn’t lie with the cheaters.
B．In fact, it can have the unacceptable effect of discouraging college from accepting more low-income students, lest it worsen their graduation rates.
C．For example, a much less expensive school might offer an equal or better education than a more highly ranked but costlier one.
D．But many other factors used in ranking the schools still have little meaning to a student’s experience.
E．The most selective schools - Princeton, MIT and so forth - don’t need rankings to boost their reputation or applicant pool.
F．Even as they do so, the criticisms of published college rankings that may have guided their preferences are increasing.
（2023下·上海·高三校考阶段练习）The China Banking Association together with the National Internet Finance Association of China issued a notice on Tuesday forbidding financial companies and payment-service providers from running virtual currency-related businesses. 21 .
A virtual currency has many advantages including decentralization and distributed accounting. However, some venture capitalists have hyped up its value to make profits.
A virtual currency is not a legal negotiable instrument, that is, a real currency, even if huge amounts of funds are invested in it. It has no real value support, and should venture capitalists hype up its price and exit, other investors, especially the small ones, will be badly hit. It is necessary to strictly regulate virtual currencies to prevent them from being used as a tool for capital speculation.
Market regulators, too, should guard against virtual currencies. 22 . Each country has its own rules, which leaves loopholes (漏洞) for venture capitalists to exploit and hype up prices.
23 . Way back in December 2013, the People’s Bank of China, the country’s central bank, initiated measures to minimize the risks posed by bitcoin, by barring ministries and payment-service providers from pricing products and services in bitcoins, buying bitcoins, or using bitcoins for paying insurance claims.
Unregulated growth of a virtual currency will deal a huge blow to traditional global currency systems and create systemic risks for the global financial and capital markets. So appropriate measures should be taken to minimize the risks posed by virtual currencies.
24 . Therefore, sovereign states around the world should come together to prevent virtual currencies from subverting the existing monetary system.
A．If not regulated, virtual currencies can undermine the traditional monetary system.
B．As much as 76% of all transactions are carried out in virtual currencies, amounting to more than a half of the total value of all payments,
C．Among the world’s major economies, China has relatively strict regulations.
D．The notice said virtual currencies have no real value support and their prices can be easily manipulated, creating bubbles and false assets leading to business failures.
E．Stored and transacted through designated software, mobile, or computer applications, a virtual currency is a digital representation of value only available in electronic form.
F．Yet a global consensus (共识) on how to regulate them is still lacking.
（2023·上海长宁·统考二模）Greening the blue
Is there a “natural” way to enhance the potential of the oceans to lock away climate-warming CO2 Planting more trees on land can help draw down more CO2 from the atmosphere—the basis of many plans for carbon credits that companies buy to offset their emissions (抵消其排放). 25 Seaweed forests and saltmarshes (盐碱滩) are common examples.
Some regard the potential for this “blue carbon” as huge, although as yet there is no mechanism for integrating it into carbon offsetting plans. John Virdin of Duke University in North Carolina says, “ 26 ” He adds, “You have to go out and measure all the carbon that’s there, you have to show that it’s not going to be lost, you have to keep monitoring it.” Virdin and others have proposed extending an existing land-based plan called REDD + (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) to the ocean, but that is an idea whose ship has yet to sail.
27 In March, the UK government’s climate adviser, the Climate Change Committee, found that restoring and creating seagrass and saltmarsh ecosystems in the country would only lock away a small amount of CO2, removing “well below” 1 million tonnes a year. Nonetheless, these are efficient carbon stores according to the committee. 28
A．Using the oceans as a solution to climate change is hardly a new idea.
B．There is still some doubt about how big the marine offsetting effect might be.
C．It’s really hard to turn blue carbon conservation and restoration into carbon credits that you can sell.
D．Something similar might work in the oceans, by stimulating the growth of marine and coastal ecosystems.
E．And conserving them is important given how much fishing and other activities have degraded them.
F．The big objection to all these plans is the possibility of negative environmental side effects.
（2023·上海静安·统考二模）Tipping, customers paying service workers, usually at restaurants, for services they receive, has been a regular part of American culture for well over a century, but the emergence of new technology and shifting expectations have shaken long-standing norms around the practice. That uncertainty, together with the pressure it can often create, has left some consumers feeling exhausted by the frequency with which they’re forced to decide which workers to tip and how much.
A big reason for the growth of what is being called “tip tiredness” is the increasing presence of digital payment systems, which have replaced traditional cash registers at most businesses. Suddenly, rather than being given the chance to drop a dollar in a tip jar, customers are confronted with a tablet. 29 They have to tip for services they’d never considered tipping for in the past.
Tipping also makes labor laws more complicated. In all but a handful of states, employers are allowed to pay tipped workers below minimum wage. In some cases, the standard is as low as $2.13 per hour, as long as workers make enough in tips to earn the equivalent of minimum wage. 30 Many people are debating over whether tipping system need a repair — or even should be cancelled altogether. They say tipping needs to be eliminated and replaced by a fair wage for all service workers. The tipping practice increases the possibility that employees can’t get what they deserve. 31 In many cases, customers’ tip amounts are largely guided by factors other than quality of the service they receive, which makes the situation even worse.
However, defenders of the current arrangement say it’s still the best option. 32 It provides a chance for workers to have more control over their financial welfare. If a restaurant is doing well because it’s safely operated, properly managed and delivers great food, customers will usually tip. And when that happens, everyone — from the wait staff to the dishwashers — can share in the business’s success.
A．The frustration about such shifting wage payment has added new wrinkles to the controversy.
B．The diversity of tipping channels somewhat eases the conflicts in deciding the amount of tips.
C．No workers should have their livelihood depend on their customers’ mercy.
D．The popularity of digital point-of-sale systems has also meant consumers are being asked to tip more frequently.
E．Tipping, against many people’s wills, establishes a new customer-server relationship.
F．It’s believed that tipping is the ultimate profit-sharing plan.
（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）As a botanists who studies our cultural relationship with plants, I am forever fascinated with what draws people to gardening.
Admittedly, connecting with the natural world might seem like an obvious motivation, and undoubtedly it is a key part of the attraction. 33 If they were, we’d abandon any attempts at design, planting or care and watch how walls of weeds slowly gave way to the mass of bushes. But that wouldn’t be gardening, of course, because for all their diversity, the one thing that all gardens have in common is how unnatural they are. 34 Dazzling plants, watch features and glorious blooms is all interconnected well beyond what would naturally occur. Whether it is green lawns created in the driest deserts or a tropical paradise on a stormy North Atlantic island, they are all about shaping the natural world to fit our idea of what it “ should” be.
As I work on my tiny terrariums (玻璃花园) on dark February nights, something magical happens to my brain. 35 In a world that has become increasingly uncertain, people are often fuelled by the same psychological desire: the instinctive need to have a bit of control amid chaos.
As our world becomes more and more unpredictable and often frightening, gardening seems to be able to appeal to and reach out to a whole new generation, often against all odds.
Of course, gardening in’ t the only thing people turn to. The rise of culture conflicts and fix at ion on body image have also been widely documented as being driven by a psychological need to feel a degree of certainty, control and safety. However, I can’t help but think of these alternatives: 36
A．In reality gardens are anything but natural.
B．What are the things they have been attracted to
C．They are idealized landscape with all the mud, pests and dead plants edited out.
D．How much better a place the planet would be if gardening was our outlet for this need!
E．Much like agriculture, gardening is a universal human desire coded into our cultural DNA．
F．The calmness created by owning a tiny green space under my control has a powerful effect on my mind.
（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）Is Listening to a Book Better than Reading It
Picture yourself sitting at home in a quiet reading space, ignoring the world around you, absorbed in a tale. You read the introduction, instantly became interested and now you’re in the middle of an absolute page-turner. But, there’s a hot debate — physical books vs. e-books vs. audiobooks. Does the device you’re using to read affect your reaction to the book
37 There’s attention span, reasoning, reading fluency, memory and language comprehension. Reading is known to strengthen communicative ability, vocabulary and increase emotional intelligence and social awareness. So, whichever way you’re reading, there are definitely benefits.
But, let’s look at the pros to reading with your eyes — that’s physical books and e-books. 38 This is because when you can actually see the words, your attention is held more closely. Add to this the fact that with physical books you can go back and find any part you missed, especially if your mind wanders, which will likely happen at some point or other.
On the other hand, there’s the audiobook. Headphones in, you’re switched off from life and the story really comes alive, almost like watching a film — in your head. From a scientific perspective, listening to an audiobook is likely to help you develop a fellow feeling as you hear the emotion of the narrator. 39 Hearing the story engages different parts of the brain, increasing the intensity and imagery, making you enjoy it more. Yet, going back to attention period, with an audiobook it’s true that it’s much harder to go back and listen again.
40 Perhaps, next time you find yourself browsing bookshop shelves, also consider the format. It may just change your whole literary experience.
A．They help us become continuous readers.
B．They can help to remember information better.
C．Generally, reading uses several areas of the brain.
D．We can more easily understand the changes in tones.
E．All in all, it seems that there are advantages to both physical books and audiobooks.
F．According to a research from Oxford University, audio books affect our reading reaction most.
参考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．E 4．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何在视频时代蓬勃发展。
1．根据上文“The pandemic embedded video into the workplace. Workers who had never previously been on camera suddenly spent every hour of the day getting used to the sight of themselves and their colleagues on screen.(疫情将视频嵌入工作场所。以前从未上过镜头的员工突然把一天中的每一个小时都花在了习惯自己和同事在屏幕上的样子上)”可知，上文提到了疫情期间人们开始利用视频来工作，故本句承接上文说明雇主通过视频对员工进行管理。故D选项“高管们意识到，他们可以向员工发送视频信息，而不必在市政厅集会”符合语境，故选D。
2．根据上文“Since video has become more central to work, it pays to be good at it.(由于视频在工作中越来越重要，擅长视频是值得的)”以及后文“Workers can improve under their own steam, but companies can help, too.(员工可以靠自己的力量进步，但公司也可以提供帮助)”可知，上文提到了擅长视频值得，后文提到了个人和公司的努力，故本句说明值得的原因。故A选项“在视频时代成为明星意味着要有合适的环境，说得好，听得好”符合语境，故选A。
3．根据上文“Obviously, there is a limit to how level the playing-field-between home offices can be, when living environments between employees differ so greatly.(显然，当员工之间的生活环境差异如此之大时，家庭办公室之间的公平竞争环境是有限的)”以及后文“people who regularly make presentations or see clients have greater claim on fancier equipment.(经常做报告或会见客户的人更有资格购买更高档的设备)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出普通人是否需要像明星那样购买高档设备，故E选项“然而，并不是每个人都需要看起来像一线明星”符合语境，故选E。
4．根据上文“Perhaps the least recognised skill in the video age is listening well.(也许在视频时代，最不被认可的技能是善于倾听)”以及后文“being able to turn your camera off when your time is being royally wasted may be the pandemic’s greatest gift to productivity(当你的时间被严重浪费时，能够关掉相机可能是疫情给生产力带来的最大礼物)”可知，上文提到了不被认可的技能是善于倾听，后文提到了关掉相机可以提高生产力，可推测本句是在说明完成工作的要求。故F选项“毕竟，虚拟会议的一大好处就是你可以在其中完成实际工作”符合语境，故选F。
5．B 6．E 7．A 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了舞蹈有着神奇的治愈力量，对人的情感和思想有着积极的影响，因此而诞生的舞蹈治疗法也受到越来越多的人的重视和认可。
5．根据上一句“Before children learn to talk, and without having seen anyone dance, they express happiness through simple rhythmic movements or what we later recognize as simple dances.”（在孩子们学会说话之前，他们没有看过任何人跳舞，他们通过简单的有节奏的动作或我们后来认为的简单的舞蹈来表达开心。）可知，人类天生就会跳舞；结合下一句“There are birds that actually have group dances: circling, bowing, advancing, and retreating in unison.”（有些鸟实际上会群舞：一起盘旋、鞠躬、前进和后退。）可知，不仅人类，鸟类也会跳舞；选项B. And it’s not only humans that dance-animals and insects dance as well.（不仅人类会跳舞，动物和昆虫也会跳舞。）指出了不仅人类会跳舞，动物也会，承上启下，符合语意。故选B。
6．根据上一句“Primitive people first danced by themselves instinctively and found, after a while, that repeated rhythmic movements produced a good feeling.”（原始人最初是凭本能自己跳舞，过了一段时间后，他们发现重复的有节奏的动作能产生一种良好的感觉。）可知，人类慢慢发现舞蹈能够带给人良好的感觉，选项E. Associations were formed between dance and this positive effect on the mind and emotions.（舞蹈与这种对思想和情感的积极影响之间形成了联系。）中的“this positive effect”与上一句的“good feeling”相对应，进一步说明了舞蹈有利于帮助人类建立良好的情绪和感觉，结合下一句“This was the birth of dance therapy.”（这就是舞蹈疗法的诞生。）可知，舞蹈对人类情感的积极影响导致了舞蹈疗法的产生，该句中的“This”指代选项E的内容，语意合理，符合语境。故选E。
7．根据下一句“It was used for a wide variety of purposes and on different occasions:”（它用于各种各样的目的和不同的场合：）可知，该句中的“It”指代“舞蹈”，选项A. Dance has always seemed to have a magic healing power.（舞蹈似乎一直有一种神奇的治愈力量。）中的主语“Dance”与之相对应，说明了舞蹈被用于各种目的和场合的原因，是因为它有一种神奇的治愈力量，衔接下文，语意合理。故选A。
8．根据上一句“But the “primitive” use of dance as therapy has recently seen a huge revival.”（但是，舞蹈作为治疗的“原始”用途最近出现了巨大的复兴。）可知，舞蹈治疗开始兴起，人们对这种方式产生了极大的兴趣，选项C. Never before has there been such interest in courses offering dance therapy.（人们对提供舞蹈治疗的课程从未有过如此浓厚的兴趣。）具体说明了人们产生兴趣的具体表现；结合下一句“There are nearly two million website for dance therapy on the Internet, and dance therapy groups around the world combine pleasure with health and well-being.”（互联网上有近200万个舞蹈治疗网站，世界各地的舞蹈治疗团体将快乐与健康和幸福结合在一起。）可知，互联网上有许多提供舞蹈治疗的课程，这应该是人们对此产生极大兴趣所导致的结果，故选项C承上启下，语意衔接合理。故选C。
9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了新型电池能否解决能源问题。
9．后文提到“That’s why we’re still using 21st-Century gadgetry with one eye on battery, wondering if we can get to a charger before our device goes completely dead.”（因此，在使用21世纪的电子产品时，我们不得不时刻关注着电池情况，担心设备没电前是否能找到充电器。）电池技术相对来讲并没有完全成熟，因此人们在使用的时候仍然担心会有断电的可能性。D项“Yet not everyone is convinced current battery technology is up to the job.”（然而，并不是所有人都相信目前的电池技术能够胜任这项工作。）该项提到了人们对于电池技术仍然持保留态度，符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选D。
10．前文提到“This depressing state of affairs is more than simply inconvenient. If we’re to make the most of renewable energy, we need ways of coping with those times when the wind drops or there’s no sunshine.”（这种令人沮丧的状况不仅仅是不方便。如果我们要最大限度地利用可再生能源，我们需要应对风力减弱或没有阳光的时候。）再生资源也可作为电池储能的介质，但如果没有风或者阳光也会让电池储能等变得困难，由此可知，风能和太阳能对于电池而言也是十分重要的资源。B项“No one seriously questions the need for wind and solar power to be part of global energy strategy.”（没有人会怀疑风能和太阳能成为全球能源战略中必要组成部分的重要性。）该项提到了风能和太阳能的重要性，总结了前文内容，该项符合文意。故选B。
11．前文提到“Elon Musk, the billionaire boss of electric car company Tesla, certainly thinks so. He’s already created a 20 megawatt battery ‘farm’ in California, and is willing to put his money where his batteries are. ”（电动汽车公司特斯拉(Tesla)的亿万富翁老板埃隆 马斯克(Elon Musk)当然也这么认为。他已经在加州建立了一个20兆瓦的电池“农场”，并愿意把钱花在电池上。），由此判断，特斯拉老板甚至建立了一个“电池农场”来进行电力的储存。A项“Batteries that store energy for those times is one pretty obvious solution.”（储存能量的电池是一个很明显的解决方案。）该项提到将电池的储能作为解决电池电量的办法。该项符合文意。故选A。
12．前文提到“The team has now managed to get a solid glass electrolyte to work with sodium, which is similar to lithium but far more common.”（该团队现在已经成功地获得了一种固体玻璃电解质，可以与钠一起反应，钠与锂类似，但更常见。）前文提到了在电解质方面的改进，以及后文提到“The battery has triple the charge of its lithium equivalent, it charges in minutes rather than hours, and it has a longer lifespan.”（这种电池的电量是锂电池的三倍，充电只需几分钟而不是几小时，而且寿命更长。）后文提到了这种电池电量与之前电池的对比，说明这种改进是巨大的。C项“The result is transformational.”（结果是革命性的。）该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选C。
13．F 14．C 15．B 16．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了人们为什么讨厌失败感，并且说明了害怕失败对我们的影响。
13．根据后文“Marketers want to understand the emotions surrounding loss so they can word advertisements in a way that prompts consumers to feel they need to buy a product to avoid negative feelings. (营销人员想要了解损失带来的情绪，这样他们就可以用一种方式来描述广告，促使消费者觉得他们需要购买一种产品，以避免负面情绪。)”可知，此处强调市场营销人员想要理解与损失相关的情绪，以便在广告中用一种方式来引导消费者产生购买某种产品的需求，以避免负面情绪，此处为消费心理方面的一个例子来说明失败给我们带来的影响。F选项“Loss a version has long been used to study consumer psychology.(损失规避一直被用来研究消费者心理学。)”概括本段段旨，提出从消费心理学的角度来产生失败给我们带来的影响，符合语境。故选F。
14．根据前文“More recently, social scientists have turned their at tent on to how loss aversion can hinder people from performing in their daily lives.(最近，社会科学家把他们的研究转向了损失厌恶是如何阻碍人们在日常生活中表现的。)”可知，此处是从社会科学家的角度来研究损失或者失败给人们带来的影响即阻碍人们在生活中的表现，后文应该对此进行详细举例或者说明。C选项“Research has found this fear of failure drives people to stop pursuing their passions.(研究发现，对失败的恐惧驱使人们停止追求自己的激情。)”与前文呼应，指出对失败的恐惧阻碍了人们追求自己的激，符合语境。故选C。
15．根据前文“Rather, some athletes approached a practice or a game and saw it as a potential to perform poorly and lose standing with their coach, teammates or fellow athletes.(相反，一些运动员在进行训练或比赛时，认为这可能会让他们表现不佳，在教练、队友或其他运动员面前失去地位。)”可知，运动员是害怕失败的，因为运动场中的失败会影响他们的运动表现以及可能会让他们在教练、队友和其他运动员面前失去地位。B选项“The loss was seen as humiliating and something the athlete feared or wanted to avoid.(失败被视为耻辱，是运动员害怕或想要避免的事情。)”承接前文，继续强调运动员害怕失败的原因即他们视失败为耻辱的事情，故运动员想要规避失败，符合语境。故选B。
16．根据前文“Not surprisingly, procrastination was shown to decrease academic performance.(毫不奇怪，拖延被证明会降低学业表现。)”以及“Rather, this type of I'll-get to-it later mentality was a loss aversion strategy. (相反，这种“等会儿再说”的态度被证明是一种“损失厌恶”的策略。)”可知，拓展会被证明是降低学业表现的。后文具体指出拖延之所以降低学生成绩表现的根本原因是——“损失厌恶”，而不是其他的原因。D选项“However, the study found that it wasn't due to students prioritizing their social life or Netflix queue.( 然而，研究发现，这并不是因为学生优先考虑他们的社交生活或Netflix queue。)”与后文构成转折关系，强调学生成绩下降的原因不是在于他们优先考虑自己的社交生活或Netflix queue（一种流媒体平台），而是他们选择的是“损失厌恶”的策略造成的。故选D。
17．F 18．A 19．B 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是大学排名是有误导性，分析了大学排名的依据以及存在的问题。
17．分析语篇可知，此空应是引出本文的话题，根据空前的“Many high school seniors have been opening emails over the past weeks that tell them whether they got into the colleges of their choice.(在过去的几周里，许多高中毕业生都在打开电子邮件，询问他们是否进入了自己选择的大学。)”可知，很多学生在使用电子邮件查询自己是否进入了自己选择的大学，F选项“Even as they do so, the criticisms of published college rankings that may have guided their preferences are increasing.(即使在他们这样做的同时，对公布的大学排名的批评也在增加，这些排名可能引导了他们的偏好。)”中的they指代的内容与空前的Many high school seniors一致，且引出本文讲述的大学排名的话题。故选F项。
18．根据上段中的“Claremont McKenna College, The George Washington University and many other schools have also tweaked data to boost rankings.(克莱蒙特麦肯纳学院(Claremont McKenna College)、乔治华盛顿大学(George Washington University)和许多其他学校也调整了数据以提高排名。)”可知，很多大学通过调整数据，改变大学排名，根据空后的“The problem is the rankings themselves.(问题在于排名本身。)”可知，此处讲述的是人们使用大学排名的问题出在哪里，此处指的是问题出在排名自身，分析语篇可知，此空应起到承上启下的作用，A选项“But the ultimate issue with the rankings doesn’t lie with the cheaters.(但排名的最终问题并不在于作弊者。)”中的the cheaters指的是上段中“A couple of weeks ago, in what must be the granddaddy of fake-data scandals, the fired dean of Temple University’s business school received a 14-month sentence after he was convicted in federal court of sending fake information to U. S. News & World Report to boost the school’s prestige. (几周前，坦普尔大学商学院院长因向《美国新闻与世界报道》发送虚假信息以提高该校声誉而在联邦法院被判有罪，他被判14个月监禁，这一定是虚假数据丑闻的鼻祖。)”的内容，且选项中the ultimate issue与空后的the problem相对应，起到了承上启下的作用。故选A项。
19．根据本段的主题句“The second biggest factor is six-year graduation rates.(第二大因素是六年毕业率。)”可知，大学的毕业率影响大学的排名，B选项“In fact, it can have the unacceptable effect of discouraging college from accepting more low-income students, lest it worsen their graduation rates.(事实上，它可能会产生不可接受的影响，使大学不愿招收更多低收入家庭的学生，以免他们的毕业率下降。)”中讲述的内容为大学不愿意招收低收入家庭的学生，担心影响他们的毕业率，与本文主题一致。故选B项。
20．根据空前的“It dropped student acceptance rate as one of the criteria, which had led colleges to heavily market to students even if they had almost no chance of acceptance.(它取消了学生录取率的标准之一，这导致大学在几乎没有被录取机会的情况下也大力向学生推销。)”可知，此处讲述的是取消大学录取率的评价标准，这是对大学排名做出的调整，根据空后的“The rankings use alumni donations as a proxy (指标) for students’ happiness with their school. That’s a pretty meager way to measure satisfaction.(该排名以校友捐款作为衡量学生对学校满意度的指标。)”可知，大学排名使用校友捐款作为衡量对学校满意度的标准，由此可知，此空处应应为过渡内容，D选项“But many other factors used in ranking the schools still have little meaning to a student’s experience.(但是在学校排名中使用的许多其他因素对学生的经历仍然没有什么意义。)”中的but表明，此空处与空前内容为转折关系，且与空后大学排名的其他因素（使用校友捐款）的内容吻合。故选D项。
21．D 22．F 23．C 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟货币的相关知识，并呼吁世界各国的主权国家应该团结起来，防止虚拟货币颠覆现有的货币体系。
21．根据空前“The China Banking Association together with the National Internet Finance Association of China issued a notice on Tuesday forbidding financial companies and payment-service providers from running virtual currency-related businesses.(中国银行业协会和中国互联网金融协会周二发布通知，禁止金融公司和支付服务提供商经营与虚拟货币相关的业务。)”可知，中国银行业协会和互联网金融协会发布通知禁止金融公司和支付服务提供商经营与虚拟货币相关的业务。选项D“The notice said virtual currencies have no real value support and their prices can be easily manipulated, creating bubbles and false assets leading to business failures.(该通知称，虚拟货币没有真正的价值支撑，其价格很容易被操纵，产生泡沫和虚假资产，导致商业失败。)”是上文内容的延续，解释了该通知发布的原因，是防止产生泡沫和虚假资产。故选D。
22．根据空前“Market regulators, too, should guard against virtual currencies.(市场监管机构也应该防范虚拟货币。)”可知，作者认为市场监管机构也应该防范虚拟货币。而空后“Each country has its own rules, which leaves loopholes (漏洞) for venture capitalists to exploit and hype up prices.(每个国家都有自己的规定，这就给风险资本家留下了漏洞，可以利用这些漏洞来抬高价格。)”则讲述了市场监管机构存在漏洞。选项F“Yet a global consensus (共识) on how to regulate them is still lacking.(然而，对于如何监管它们，全球仍缺乏共识。)”承上启下，引出下文各国监管存在一定漏洞。故选F。
23．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Way back in December 2013, the People’s Bank of China, the country’s central bank, initiated measures to minimize the risks posed by bitcoin, by barring ministries and payment-service providers from pricing products and services in bitcoins, buying bitcoins, or using bitcoins for paying insurance claims.(早在2013年12月，中国央行中国人民银行就开始采取措施，将比特币带来的风险降至最低，禁止各部委和支付服务提供商用比特币为产品和服务定价、购买比特币或使用比特币支付保险理赔。)”可知，本段主要讲述了中国政府的监管工作。选项C“Among the world’s major economies, China has relatively strict regulations.(在世界主要经济体中，中国的监管相对严格。)”符合下文内容，指的是中国的监管相对严格。故选C。
24．空后内容“Therefore, sovereign states around the world should come together to prevent virtual currencies from subverting the existing monetary system.(因此，世界各国的主权国家应该团结起来，防止虚拟货币颠覆现有的货币体系。)”指的是世界各国的主权国家应该团结起来，防止虚拟货币颠覆现有的货币体系。选项A“If not regulated, virtual currencies can undermine the traditional monetary system.(如果不加以监管，虚拟货币可能会破坏传统的货币体系。)”与下文内容一致，指出了虚拟货币如果得不到监管，会破坏传统的货币体系。也就是指出了虚拟货币得不到监管后果很严重，因此下文内容。故选A。
25．D 26．C 27．B 28．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一些自然的锁住二氧化碳的方法。
25．上文“Planting more trees on land can help draw down more CO2 from the atmosphere—the basis of many plans for carbon credits that companies buy to offset their emissions (抵消其排放). (在土地上种植更多的树木有助于从大气中吸收更多的二氧化碳，这是许多公司购买碳信用额度以抵消其排放的计划的基础)”指出，种植更多树木对吸收二氧化碳有好处。下文“Seaweed forests and saltmarshes (盐碱滩) are common examples. (海藻林和盐碱滩就是常见的例子)”提出了种植树木外的措施例子，故可推测上文提出了另一种措施。选项D“Something similar might work in the oceans, by stimulating the growth of marine and coastal ecosystems. (类似的东西可能通过刺激海洋和沿海生态系统的生长而在海洋中发挥作用)”指出，过刺激海洋和沿海生态系统的生长也能起到类似的作用，是对上文的延续，其下文又是对此的举例说明，符合语境。故选D项。
26．下文“He adds, “You have to go out and measure all the carbon that’s there, you have to show that it’s not going to be lost, you have to keep monitoring it.”(他补充道，“你必须出去测量所有的碳，你必须证明它不会丢失，你必须继续监测它。”)”指出测量碳与蓝碳保护相关的工作必须完成多项任务，很难。选项C“It’s really hard to turn blue carbon conservation and restoration into carbon credits that you can sell. (很难将蓝碳保护和恢复转化为可以出售的碳信用)”与下文联系密切，符合语境。故选C项。
27．下文“In March, the UK government’s climate adviser, the Climate Change Committee, found that restoring and creating seagrass and saltmarsh ecosystems in the country would only lock away a small amount of CO2, removing “well below” 1 million tonnes a year. (今年3月，英国政府的气候顾问气候变化委员会发现，在该国恢复和创建海草和盐碱滩生态系统只会锁住少量二氧化碳，每年去除量“远低于”100万吨。)”指出，恢复和创建海草和盐碱滩生态系统起到的效果有限，似乎并不理想。选项B“There is still some doubt about how big the marine offsetting effect might be. (对于海洋抵消效应可能有多大，仍有一些疑问)”对该效果也提出质疑，而质疑的原因就是下文所呈现出的锁住的二氧化碳量有限，不理想，故该选项能引出下文，符合语境。故选B项。
28．上文“Nonetheless, these are efficient carbon stores according to the committee. (尽管如此，根据委员会的说法，这些都是有效的碳储备)”总结了本文一些有效的碳储备。选项E“And conserving them is important given how much fishing and other activities have degraded them. (考虑到捕鱼和其他活动使它们退化的程度，保护它们很重要)”指出保护这些碳之所以重要是因为退化严重，符合语境。故选E项。
29．D 30．A 31．C 32．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个多世纪以来，小费一直是美国文化的一个常规组成部分，但新技术的出现和人们期望的转变已经动摇了围绕这一做法的长期规范。
29．根据上文“A big reason for the growth of what is being called “tip tiredness” is the increasing presence of digital payment systems, which have replaced traditional cash registers at most businesses.(“付小费疲劳症”增多的一个重要原因是数字支付系统的日益普及，在大多数企业，数字支付系统已经取代了传统的收银机)”可知，数字支付系统增加了人们的“付小费疲劳症”，即因为支付小费，而疲劳。由此可知，D. The popularity of digital point-of-sale systems has also meant consumers are being asked to tip more frequently.(数字销售点系统的普及也意味着消费者被要求更频繁地给小费)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
30．根据上文“Tipping also makes labor laws more complicated. In all but a handful of states, employers are allowed to pay tipped workers below minimum wage. In some cases, the standard is as low as $2.13 per hour, as long as workers make enough in tips to earn the equivalent of minimum wage.(给小费也让劳动法变得更加复杂。除了少数几个州外，大多数州都允许雇主支付给有小费的员工低于最低工资。在某些情况下，标准低至每小时2.13美元，只要员工的小费收入足以达到最低工资水平)”可知，此处提到了一种工资支付方式。由此可知，A. The frustration about such shifting wage payment has added new wrinkles to the controversy.(这种工资支付方式的变化带来的挫折感给这场争议增添了新的波折)能够承接上文，符合语境，其中shifting wage payment指的是上文中的工资支付方式。故选A。
31．根据上文“They say tipping needs to be eliminated and replaced by a fair wage for all service workers. The tipping practice increases the possibility that employees can’t get what they deserve.(他们说，应该取消给小费，代之以对所有服务业工作者的公平工资)”可知，此处指应该取消给小费，代之以对所有服务业工作者的公平工资。由此可知，C. No workers should have their livelihood depend on their customers’ mercy.(任何工人的生计都不应该依赖于顾客的怜悯)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
32．根据下文“It provides a chance for workers to have more control over their financial welfare. If a restaurant is doing well because it’s safely operated, properly managed and delivers great food, customers will usually tip. And when that happens, everyone — from the wait staff to the dishwashers — can share in the business’s success.(它为工人提供了一个对自己的财务福利有更多控制权的机会。如果一家餐馆经营得很好，因为它经营安全，管理得当，提供美味的食物，顾客通常会给小费。当这种情况发生时，从服务员到洗碗工，每个人都可以分享生意的成功)”可知，小费成为一种利润分享方案。由此可知，F. It’s believed that tipping is the ultimate profit-sharing plan.(小费被认为是最终的利润分享方案)能够开启下文，符合语境。故选F。
33．A 34．C 35．F 36．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们从事园艺工作的原因以及园艺的作用。
33．根据上文“Admittedly, connecting with the natural world might seem like an obvious motivation, and undoubtedly it is a key part of the attraction.(诚然，与自然世界联系似乎是一个明显的动机，毫无疑问，这是吸引力的关键部分)”以及后文“If they were, we’d abandon any attempts at design, planting or care and watch how walls of weeds slowly gave way to the mass of bushes.(如果是这样，我们就会放弃任何设计、种植或护理的尝试，看着一堆堆的杂草慢慢地让位于大量的灌木丛)”可知，后文提到放弃花园的设计，花园就会变得杂草丛生，可见花园不属于自然的一部分，需要人工维护。故A选项“实际上，花园一点也不自然”符合语境，故选A。
34．根据上文“But that wouldn’t be gardening, of course, because for all their diversity, the one thing that all gardens have in common is how unnatural they are.(但这当然不是园艺，因为尽管花园种类繁多，但所有花园都有一个共同点，那就是它们多么不自然)”可知，本句旨在指出花园的不自然之处：去掉了所有的泥土、害虫和枯死的植物，是理想化的景观。故C选项“去掉了所有的泥土、害虫和枯死的植物，是理想化的景观”符合语境，故选C。
35．根据上文“As I work on my tiny terrariums (玻璃花园) on dark February nights, something magical happens to my brain.(在二月的夜晚，当我在我的玻璃花园工作时，我的大脑发生了一些神奇的事情)”以及后文“In a world that has become increasingly uncertain, people are often fuelled by the same psychological desire: the instinctive need to have a bit of control amid chaos.(在一个越来越不确定的世界里，人们经常受到同样的心理欲望的刺激：在混乱中有一点控制的本能需求)”可知，本句旨在说明料理花园给作者的思想带来怎样的感受。故F选项“在我的控制下，拥有一个小小的绿色空间所创造的平静对我的思想有强大的影响”符合语境，故选F。
36．根据上文“Of course, gardening in’ t the only thing people turn to. The rise of culture conflicts and fix at ion on body image have also been widely documented as being driven by a psychological need to feel a degree of certainty, control and safety. However, I can’t help but think of these alternatives(当然，园艺并不是人们唯一的选择。文化冲突的兴起和对身体形象的执着也被广泛证明是由一种心理需求驱动的，这种心理需求需要感受到一定程度的确定性、控制感和安全感。然而，我忍不住想到了这些选择)”可知，上文提到人们需要感受到一定程度的确定性、控制感和安全感，结合文章主要论述的是园艺，可知园艺可以满足这一需求。故D选项“如果园艺是我们满足这一需求的出口，地球将是一个多么美好的地方啊！”符合语境，故选D。
37．C 38．B 39．D 40．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是看书和听书各自的优点。
37．根据下文“There’s attention span, reasoning, reading fluency, memory and language comprehension. Reading is known to strengthen communicative ability, vocabulary and increase emotional intelligence and social awareness.(包括注意力持续时间、推理能力、阅读流畅性、记忆力和语言理解能力。众所周知，阅读可以增强沟通能力，词汇量，提高情商和社会意识)”可知，阅读锻炼很多能力，C选项“Generally, reading uses several areas of the brain.(一般来说，阅读会用到大脑的几个区域)”表明阅读可以锻炼很多能力，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选C。
38．根据下文“This is because when you can actually see the words, your attention is held more closely. Add to this the fact that with physical books you can go back and find any part you missed, especially if your mind wanders, which will likely happen at some point or other.(这是因为当你能真正看到单词时，你的注意力会更集中。此外，读纸质书时，你可以回头找到你错过的任何部分，尤其是在你走神的时候，这很可能会发生)”可知，用眼睛看书可以让我们回头看错过的部分，且注意力更集中，这样的话能更好地记住所读到的内容，B选项“They can help to remember information better.(它们有助于更好地记忆信息)”符合语境，且选项中的they指代上文提到的“physical books and e-books.”。故选B。
39．根据上文“From a scientific perspective, listening to an audiobook is likely to help you develop a fellow feeling as you hear the emotion of the narrator.(从科学的角度来看，听有声书很可能会帮助你在听到叙述者的情感时产生共鸣)”和下文“Hearing the story engages different parts of the brain, increasing the intensity and imagery, making you enjoy it more.(听故事会调动大脑的不同区域，增加强度和意象，让你更享受其中)”可知，上下文都陈述听书的好处。由此可知，空格处也应该说听书的好处，D选项“We can more easily understand the changes in tones.(我们可以更容易地理解音调的变化)”符合语境，故选D。
40．根据下文“Perhaps, next time you find yourself browsing bookshop shelves, also consider the format.(也许，下次你发现自己浏览书架时，也考虑一下版式)”再联系第三段讲的看书的好处，第四段讲的听书的好处，空格处应该说的是两种版式的书都是有优势的，E选项“All in all, it seems that there are advantages to both physical books and audiobooks.(总而言之，纸质书和有声书似乎都有各自的优势)”符合语境，对上文进行总结。故选E。
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