Book 3 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
Period 1 Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.单词认读关(先填后记诵)
基础词汇记其形
__________________ adj.不同的:多种多样的
2.___________________ n.机会:气
3. __________________ vt.适合;满....需要;相配;合身n.西服;套装
_______________ n.项目; -件商品(或物品);一条(新闻)
_______________ vt.包含;含有;容纳
_______________ adj.极好的;整洁的;整齐的
________________ n.气候
8._______________ adj.具有民族特色的:异国风味的:民族的:种族的
9. ____________ vi.&vt 承认vt.准许进入(或加入)
10.____________ adv.肯定;确实
11.____________ vi.发生:出现
12.____________ adv.在市中心:往市中心
13.____________ n.传教(区);重要任务;使命
14.____________ n.地区;区域
15.____________ n. [pl]涂鸦;胡写乱画
16.____________ n.连环画杂志;漫画杂志;喜剧演员 adj.滑稽的;使人发笑的
17.____________ (NAmE usually afterward) adv. 以后;后来
18.____________ adj加有香料的:辛辣的
19.____________ adj. (有关)历史的
20.____________ vt.& vi. (____________/s:t/，)寻找;寻求;争取: (向人)请求
21.____________ v.&vi.挣得;賺得;赢得;博得
22.____________ n. (外来)移民:外侨
____________ vt.选择;挑选;选拔
24.____________ n.材料;布料;素材 adj.物质的;实际的
25. ____________ n.衣服;服装
26.____________ adj.药草的;香草的
27. ____________ n.建筑;建造;建造物; (句子、短语等的)结构
____________ n.日志;日记;报纸;刊物
____________ v.&.n.夺取(生命);宣称;断言
____________ n.系列;连续;接连
____________ vt.& vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷)
32.____________ n.少数民族;少数派;少数人
___________ vi.& vt.逃走;逃脱;避开n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱
二、核心词汇记中变
1. ____________ adj．不同的；多种多样的= __________ →____________n.差异（性）；不同（点）；多样性=____________
2. ____________ vi．＆vt．承认 vt.准许进入(或加入);_____(=contain)→ ___________ n.允许进入；入场费；承认 被…录取：____________
mit结尾的词过去式、过去分词需要_____，变名词需要把t变为_______ claim v./n.______;宣称;声明;_____;______;_______;_________
①许可；允许:__________ ②使屈服,呈交：_________ ③承诺，一心一意做…：__________④传输,播送：_________
3. ____________ adv．肯定=____________；确实→_________adj.肯定的；确定的=____________→___________ adj. 无限期的,含糊的
4. ____________ vi.发生；出现→____________（过去式／过去分词）→____________（现在分词）双写__
某人突然想起某事：①____________________ ②______________________________ ★seek-________-________ vt.寻找;探索
5. __________ adj．（有关）历史的→____________adj．历史意义重大的→____________n.历史→____________ n.历史学家
6. _______ vt.选择.挑选.选拔→ _________adj．有选择性的(=______ adj.)→_______ n.选择；挑选；选拔(=______ n.) __________ n.选举
7. ___________ n.日志;日记;报纸;刊物→____________n.记者
三、阅读词汇识其义
1. chip n ._____________
2. cheese n. ____________
3. jazz n____________
4. barn n. ____________
5. diagram n. ____________:
Ⅱ.语块记诵关(先填后记诵)
1. _____________________________. 适合做某事
2._____________________________仅举几例
3._____________________________ 幸运地做某事
4._____________________________ 据称……
5. _____________________________. 承认(做过)某事
6._____________________________系列或一连串(事件)
7. _____________________________碰运气
8. _____________________________被录取，被允许进入……
9. _____________________________寻找成功致富之路;闯世界
10. _____________________________.朝....前进;向.....去
11. _____________________________谋生
12. _____________________________导致
13. _____________________________第一手资料
14._____________________________ 某人突然想起……
15. _____________________________ 安居下来；使平静下来
16._____________________________ 开始认真对待某事
17. _____________________________ 除了....外(还) ;此外
18. _____________________________这个城市最古老的地方之一
19. _____________________________过去是一个贫困区
20. _____________________________ 艺术中心
21. _____________________________真正的文化融合
22. _____________________________去当地的博物馆
23. _____________________________淘金热
24. _____________________________s 开商店
25. _____________________________ 位于大山顶上
Ⅲ.佳句赏析关(先赏后译)
1．And what_a_city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.(感叹句)
这是一座多么了不起的城市啊——一座在1906年地震后能够重建的城市。
2．What_started_as_a_residential_area_for_Chinese_immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.(what引导主语从句)
早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。
3．There are so many beautiful old buildings—many_sitting_on_top_of_big_hills，offering great views of the city，the ocean，and the Golden Gate Bridge.(独立主格结构)
这里有众多美丽的古建筑——许多坐落于大山之巅，城市、大海和金门大桥的美景尽收眼底。
It is likely that Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
【解析】句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。
【翻译】美洲土著居民很可能在至少一万五千年前迁往加州。
To earn a living，some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.
【解析】句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是some，谓语是opened up，宾语是shops and restaurants，in Chinatown是地点状语，句首的To earn a living是不定式短语作目的状语。
【翻译】为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。
Step 1 Pre reading
Look at the picture and guess which city it is in.
the Palace of Fine Arts艺术宫
Fisherman’s Wharf渔人码头
Lombart Street九曲花街
Step 2 While reading
Task 1: Fast reading
1 )What's the main idea of the passage
This passage is a ___________________ about Li Lan's travel in __________________. She liked the city a lot. She visited many places and experienced their ______________________.
2). What is the type of the passage
A. news report B. travel journal
C. travel guide D. a letter
2) Scan Li Lan's travel journal and find out the places that she has been to or plans to visit.
3）Read the passage on Pages 28-29 and match the main idea with each paragraph.
(1) Para.1 A. The author was back in San Francisco again and felt very good.
(2) Para.2 B. The author was going to a jazz bar.
(3) Para. 3 C. The author selected a Cantonese restaurant to have a meal in China town.
(4) Para. 4 D. The author visited a local museum that showed the historical changes in
California.
(5) Para.5 E. The author made a brief introduction to the Mission District and told us what
she had done there.
Task 2: Intensive reading
Read the travel journal carefully and complete the timeline of Li Lan’s trip.
The timeline of Li Lan’s trip
when where what feelings why
Before coming to San Francisco
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Tomorrow
Read the travel journal again. Then answer the questions.
(1)What impressed the writer first about San Francisco
___________________________________________________________________________________
(2) Can you use one sentence to describe the Mission District
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
(3)San Francisco has diverse cultures. What historical reasons are mentioned in Paragraph 3 Please list them.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
(4)What does the local museum show to visitors
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Step 3 Post reading
Discuss the questions.
(1)From Li Lan’s trip, what do you think is her impression of San Francisco or California
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
(2) What does cultural diversity mean to you
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
...
What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Task 1：赏语言
1 travel journal
2 be influenced by
3 head to sp
4 gold rush
5 seek one’s fortune
6 earn a / one’s living
7 open up
8 bring about
9 apart from
10 be home to
11 escape (doing) sth
Task 2：理文化
旧金山（San Francisco），旧称“三藩市”、“圣弗朗西斯科”，美国加利福尼亚州太平洋沿岸的港口城市，是世界著名旅游胜地、加州人口第四大城市。旧金山临近世界著名技术产业区硅谷，是世界重要的技术研发基地之一和美国西海岸重要的金融中心，也是联合国的诞生地（1945年《联合国宪章》）。
旧金山属地中海气候，其与旧金山湾边各都市组成的旧金山湾区，著名景点有金门大桥和渔人码头，气候冬暖夏凉、阳光充足，临近众多美国国家公园（如约塞米蒂国家公园）和加州葡萄酒产地纳帕谷，常被誉为“最受美国人欢迎的城市”。1769年西班牙人发现此地，1848年加入美联邦，19世纪中叶在淘金热中迅速发展，华侨称为“金山”，后为区别于澳大利亚墨尔本（新金山）而改称“旧金山”。截至2018年7月，旧金山全市人口约88万，其中华裔18万，是西半球华人密度最高的地区之一，华人总数量仅次于纽约。
Silicon Valley refers to a region in the south San Francisco Bay Area. The area is notable for the vast number of technology companies that are headquartered there.
A gold rush is a new discovery of gold that brings an onrush of miners seeking their fortune. Major gold rushes took place in the 19th century in Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Canada, South Africa, and the United States, while smaller gold rushes took place elsewhere.
Chinatown is a distinctive and well-known area of San Francisco which dates back to the gold rush days of the 1850s. The Chinatown in San Francisco is the oldest Chinese neighbourhood in North America.
Stanford University is considered to be one of the most prestigious universities in the United States and the world. It offers a broad range of undergraduate, graduate, and professional degree programs in schools of law, medicine, education, engineering, business, earth sciences, and humanities and sciences. The Stanford Medical Center, completed on the campus in 1959, is one of the top teaching hospitals in the country.
Part 1 核心词汇
1.【词汇拓展】________adj.不同的；多种多样的→________ v. (使) 多样化，不同→________ n.差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性
【常用搭配】
a diversity of/diversities of 各种各样的（同义various）
【即学即练】
1.There is _________________________________________ (各种各样的) opinions within the company.
2.He wanted to __________ (diverse) his experience and broaden his view sight by travelling around the world.
2.【词汇拓展】 _________ vi.&vt.承认vt.准许进入(或加入)→_________ n.允许进入；入场费；承认【常用搭配】
admit(doing/having done) sth. 承认(做过)某事 admit＋n.＋to be... 承认……是…… admit sb./sth.into/to 允许某人/某物进入/加入 be admitted to/into... 被录取，被接纳，被允许进入…… be admitted as... 作为……被接受 gain/obtain admission to/into... 获准进入/加入……
【即学即练】
1)单句语法填空
1.She apologized to me and admitted________(take) my umbrella by mistake.
2She apologized to me and ___________________________ (承认拿了) my umbrella by mistake.
3.News came from the school that Wang Lin _________________________(admit)to/into Peking University.
4.This card will make you gain _______________ (admit) to/into the exhibition.
5.The two boys admitted that they didn't _______________ (获准进入)this building.
6.The man admitted___________(steal)a collection of valuable paintings.
7.You must admit the man __________(be) stubborn.
2）写作运用提能
__________________________________________________________, I am writing to offer sincere congratulations to you.得知你已被北京大学录取,我写信真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)
3.【词汇拓展】 ___________vi. 发生；出现(occur--occurred) → ___________ n. 发生
【常用搭配】
It occurs to sb that… =It hits sb that… =It strikes sb that… 某人突然想起/想到……
【即学即练】
1. The scientists have found a link between the ____________ (occur) of cancer and the use of taking drugs.
2. That traffic accident __________ (occur) only minutes after the car stopped.
3._________________ (我突然想到) that I had not finished my homework.
4.seek vt.& vi.(sought，sought) 寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求；探索
【常用搭配】
seek for/after 寻找；追求 seek sb/sth out 找出某人/某物 seek to do sth 试图做某事 seek...from sb. 向某人请求…… seek one's fortune 外出寻找发财机会,外出闯荡 seek to do sth.(=try to do sth.)试图做某事,设法做某事 seek out 挑选出;物色到
【即学即练】
1.He is a man who likes seeking _________ wealth and power.
2.He sought_________his friend in the crowd.
3.I am always seeking__________(improve) my teaching method.
5.escape vt.&vi.逃脱；逃走；避开 n．逃脱；逃跑；解脱
【常用搭配】
escape from... 从……逃脱；逃避 escape doing/being done sth. 逃避(被)做某事 escape death 死里逃生 a narrow escape 九死一生 escape one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意,被某人忽视 fire escape 太平梯
【即学即练】
1.No one can escaped _________(punish) if he breaks law.
2.他越狱了,但一个月后再次被警方逮捕。
He_________________ , but was rearrested by police a month later.
3.他在战争中九死一生。
He __________________________during the war.
6.【词汇拓展】___________v. 折叠；对折; 包，裹→ ___________ v. (使) 展开，打开
【常用搭配】
fold up折叠 fold sb’s arms双臂交叉在胸前 fold sth in two/half把某物对折
【即学即练】
1.She __________ (fold) the paper bag and found a beautiful flower.
2.The soldier _______________ (双手交叉) across his chest and glared at the front.
3.我们通常将红色的纸折成两半，然后用剪刀剪。
We usually __________________________ and then cut it with scissors.
8.occur vi.发生；出现
【常用搭配】
sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to /strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事
【即学即练】
1.突然我想到了一个好主意。
_________________________________all at once.
2.事故是什么时候发生的？
________________________________
3.我突然想到，自上封信以来，已经有太长时间没收到华莱士的信了。
_______________________________it had been too long since I heard from Wallace.
5．earn vt.赚得；挣得；博得；赢得
【例句】To earn a living，some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.
为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开商店、开餐馆。
【归纳拓展】
earnings n．所得；收入；工资
earn one’s/a living(＝make one’s/a living) 谋生
earn sb sth 使某人赢得/获得……
earn money(＝make money) 挣钱
earn success 获得成功
earn one’s own living 自食其力
【即学即练】补全句子
①He ________________ by selling newspapers when he was young.＝He ______________ by selling newspapers when he was young.
他年轻时靠卖报谋生。
②Your efforts will ____________________________.你的努力将会为你赢得佳誉。
③____________________________，you have to work hard.为了谋生，你必须努力工作。
7. select vt.挑选；选择；选拔
【例句】I selected a Cantonese restaurant that served its food on beautiful china plates.
我挑选了一家粤菜馆，他们端出来的佳肴是放在精美的瓷盘子上的。
【归纳拓展】
select...as/to be... 挑选……作为……
select sb to do sth 挑选某人做某事
select...for... 为……挑选……
【即学即练】单句语法填空
①Daff was selected from the whole class_______ (go) on the trip.
②She has been selected _______ the England team.
③After a long walk，we _______ a good place_______ our camp.走了很长的路后，我们选了一个露营的好地方。
8.fortune n．机会(chance)；运气，命运(fate)；财富(a large amount of money)
(1)make a/one's fortune发财
try one's fortune碰运气
(2)fortunate (＝lucky) adj.幸运的；侥幸的
be fortunate to do sth.有幸做某事
(3)fortunately adv.幸运地
unfortunately adv.不幸地
【即学即练】
①At the age of four，she fell into an icy river and was ________ (fortunate) rescued by some local villagers.
②My cousin was fortunate ________ (find) a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
③I had the good fortune ________ (choose)for studying abroad.
④Determined never to come back before he could ________ ________ ________ (赚大钱)，Mike left home without saying a word.
Part 02短语精讲
1.in addition另外；除此之外；并且；况且
【例句】In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.此外，许多人死于欧洲人带来的疾病。
【归纳拓展】
in addition to＝besides(介词)除……之外(还有，也)
in addition＝besides(副词)＝what’s more，通常用逗号与后面的部分隔开。
in addition to中的to为介词，所以后接动词作宾语时要用动名词形式。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
①You need money and time，______ addition, you need diligence.
②In addition ______ English, he has to study a second foreign language.单句写作
③______________(而且), we should dress ourselves formally.
④______________________(除了给) me some advice, he gave me some money.
2.used to do sth.过去常常做某事(暗指现在不做了)
【例句】I used to go to the cinema a lot.我以前常去看电影。
There used to be low and dirty houses.那里曾是一些又矮又脏的房舍。
【归纳拓展】
used to有两个否定形式和两个疑问形式。一种直接使用used；一种借助于助动词did，如下：
否定形式：
used not to do＝usedn’t to do
did not use to do＝didn’t use to do
疑问形式：
Used＋主语＋to＋动词原形…
Did＋主语＋use＋to＋动词原形…
Used your father to drink a lot 你父亲曾经喝酒很多吗？
Didn’t he use to drive to work 他过去不曾开车上班吗？
【易混辨析】
used to do sth
be used to (doing) sth
be used to do sth
used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”，指过去习惯性的动作或经常存在的状态
be used to(doing) sth. 表示“习惯于(做)某事”，其中to 为介词，后接(动)名词
be used to do sth. 表示“被用来做某事”，为被动语态
Mr White used to live in China, so he is used to Chinese dishes.
怀特先生过去住在中国，所以习惯吃中国菜。
Bamboo can be used to build houses.
竹子可用来建造房屋。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
①I used ___________(visit) the gallery where the art works by professional painters were displayed.
②Wood is often used __________(make) desks and chairs.
③She is used to __________(live) in the countryside now.④My grandparents are used ______ the life in the downtown.
完成句子
⑤I _______________，but I gave up a couple of years ago.
我以前抽烟，但几年前就戒掉了。
⑥I didn't think I could ever ___________________ in a big city after living in the country.
我觉得在农村住了之后，我不能适应大城市的生活。
⑦I _________________________________ much when we were at school.
以前我们上学时，我并不太喜欢他。
⑧It can ___________________ almost any emotion.
它可用于几乎所有的情感表达。
3.head to/for(朝……)前进；(向……)去
【例句】In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum that showed the historical changes in California.
下午，我前往当地的一家博物馆，这家博物馆展现了加利福尼亚的历史变迁。
It is not clear how many of them will head back to Saudi Arabia tomorrow.
尚不清楚他们当中有多少人明天将折回沙特阿拉伯。
【归纳拓展】
head for/towards朝……前进 head back to回到…… head north/south朝北/南走 raise one's head抬头 shake/nod one's head摇头/点头 keep one's head保持冷静 lose one's head惊慌失措 use one's head动脑筋 hold one's head high昂首挺胸
【即学即练】单句语法填空
①Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed ______________ remote regions to chase(追求) their dreams.
②He came along with other tourists and __________(head) for the harbour.
单句写作
③I saw Tom _____________________(正朝……走来) me, but I avoided meeting him.
④He didn't even ________________(抬头) when I came in.
⑤You should _______________(动脑筋) while writing the summary.
4.bring about导致；引起
【例句】Many new changes have been brought about in China's industry.
中国的工业已产生许多新的变化。
The accident was brought about by John's carelessness.
这场事故是由于约翰的粗心造成的。
【归纳拓展】
bring back带回；使回忆起某事；使恢复 bring down使……降低；使……倒下 bring in引入；赚得；挣得 bring out显现出；使发挥 bring up养育；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐
【即学即练】单句语法填空
①Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought ______ to value the sense of sharing.
②Scientists say that many factors bring _________ the changes in the weather.
用bring的相关短语完成句子
③The most important thing to the company is to ___________ new equipment.
④Being _____________ in a poor family made Tom very diligent(勤勉地) when he was still young.
⑤However, cars also ______________ so many problems for people, which should be given more attention than any time before.
⑥I shall ___________ this question at the next meeting.
⑦Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw _______________ my childhood memories.
⑧Working with the medical team in Africa has ______________ the best in her as a doctor.
5.apart from除了……外(还)；此外
【例句】Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases.
除了以上提到的结构，你们还学过下面的短语。
I hardly know anyone in the village apart from you.
除你之外，我几乎不认识村里的任何人。
Apart from a few faults, he is a faithful friend.
除了有几个缺点外，他是一位值得信赖的朋友。
【归纳拓展】
辨析apart from, in addition to, besides, except, except for, except that
apart from 重在强调既含有“除了……还有”，也含有“把……排除在外”之意
in addition to “除……之外还”，一般位于句首
besides 表示“除了……还有”
except 表示“把……排除在外”
except for 表示从整体情况来看，要排除其中的部分特殊情况
except that 意思与except for相同，后须接从句
【即学即练】选择以上短语填空
①As a senior student, we study other subjects _____________ English.
②Your article is well written ______________________ some spelling mistakes.
翻译句子
③Apart from English, he had to study a second foreign language while in college.
______________________________________________
④Apart from my host, I didn't know a single person there.
________________________________________
完成句子
⑤_____________________，I don't think there is anyone under 30 in the party.除了你和我，我认为聚会上没有谁是30岁以下的。
Part 03 核心句型
It is likely that Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago.美洲土著居民很可能在至少一万五千年前迁往加州。
【解析】
句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。
It is likely that...为固定句式，意为“很可能……”。
It is very likely that my parents will not allow me to go.
我父母很可能不会让我去。
Tickets are likely to be expensive.
入场券可能很贵。
Me Go climbing Not likely!我？
去爬山？没门！
【拓展】
be likely to do sth.很可能做某事
not likely绝不可能，才不呢(表示强烈反对)
辨析possible，probable，likely
possible 强调客观上有可能，但实际上可能性很小 It is possible that...或It is possible(for sb.) to do sth.
probable 指有根据，合情理。表示“大概，很可能”。语气比possible重要，是most likely之意 It is probable that...
likely 是常用词，指“从表面迹象来看很有可能” It is likely that... 或sb./sth.be likely to do...
【即学即练】选词填空(likely/possible/probable)
①It is ____________ for him to lend us his car.
②We are __________ to make mistakes when learning English.
③It is __________________ that it will rain today.Bring your umbrella with you.
句型转换
④It is likely that some people will suffer back problems.
→Some people __________________ suffer back problems.
In fact，an art movement called the “Mission School” started here.事实上，一场叫作“教会学校”的艺术运动开始于此。
【解析】
句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是an art movement，谓语是started，called the “Mission School”是过去分词短语作后置定语。
过去分词作定语用法浅析：
①位置：单个过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前，过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后
②时态、语态：及物动词的过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成；不及物动词的过去分词只表示已完成
③拓展性：过去分词左后置定语时常可拓展为定语从句
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他们正在清理院子里的落叶。
Who were the so-called guests invited (＝who had been invited) to the party last night
昨晚被邀请参加晚会的那些所谓的客人都是谁呀？
单句语法填空
①The program ____________(design) to help the young is very popular.
②He borrowed a book ___________(write) by Mo Yan.
③I bought a dress _____________(decorate) with some beautiful patterns.
In the same year，gold was discovered near San Francisco，which started a gold rush.同年，在旧金山附近发现了黄金，这引起了淘金热。
【解析】
句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是gold was discovered near San Francisco，which started a gold rush是which引导的非限制性定语从句。
which引导非限制性定语从句
①置于先行词之后，通常不置于句首
②先行词既可以是一个词，也可以是整个句子或者主句的部分内容，是整个主句时从句谓语动词用单数形式。
③which有“这/那，这/那有点”之意
These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not produced any fruits.
这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。(which 指代 these apple trees)
John passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.
约翰通过了考试，这使他的父母很高兴。(which 指代整个主句)
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.
他说他以前从没见过她，这不是真的。(which 指代主句中的宾语从句)
【即学即练】单句语法填空
①She and her family bicycle to work，_________ helps them keep fit.
②I've been to London，_________ is a beautiful city.
To earn a living，some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。
【解析】
句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是some，谓语是opened up，宾语是shops and restaurants，in Chinatown是地点状语，句首的To earn a living是不定式短语作目的状语。(2)动词不定式作目的状语时可位于句首或句末，表强调时，通常可以在不定式符号to之前加上in order或so as，其否定形式为in order not to...和so as not to...但so as to只能位于句中。
When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.
当被问及他为什么去那里时，他说他被派去那儿接受太空飞行训练。
I send him some pictures for him to see what Paris is like.
我寄给他几张照片，让他瞧瞧巴黎是什么样子的。
She arrived early in order to get a good seat.
为找个好位置，她早早地到场了。
Let's hurry so as not to be late for the movie.
咱们快点儿吧，免得看电影迟到了。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
①You don't have to run fast or for long _________(see) the benefit.
②__________ (make)matters worse，Mr Rove is more important now than in the past.
③(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷语法填空)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 __________(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
Part 1 动词的形式变化和词形转换
1．The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to_____________ (admit) to my favorite university will come true.
2．More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC，with many ____________ (seek) employment in engineering，education，medicine and a wide variety of other professions.
3．It is said that he narrowly escaped ____________ (kill) in the traffic accident the other day.
4．There were so many noises that we were unable to settle down to____________ (study)．
5．When he was criticized by the boss，he was so angry that he couldn't contain ____________ (he)．
6．Plastic will give out v (poison)gas when burned.
7．The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate，or we are still missing a lot of the information ____________ (contain) in their gestures and actions.
Part 2 课文语法填空
Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1)_________(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)__________(rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)_________(occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious Mexican-Chinese noodles. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)_________ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush period, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_________(live). Many others worked on (6)_________(farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)_________ America was built by immigrants from (8)_________(difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)_________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)_________ jazz bar in the Richmond District.
A
Along the rocky Algerian coast, just east of where the bulky shape of Mount Chenoua slides into the Mediterranean, the sea and indifference may finally do what the Vandals did not. There, for more than 2,500 years, has stood Tipasa. It is considered as one of the most important archaeological sites in North Africa.
Tipasa fell into ruin in the sixth century. Both its main complex on the coast and an inland monumental tomb were all but forgotten in the olive trees and thin pines. Most of the ancient city, in fact, remains buried beneath sediment (沉积物) up to 12 feet thick. For the last few decades, however, what’s left of Tipasa’s past has been increasingly surrounded by the expanding modern town of Tipasa from three sides. And to the north, the waves lap ever closer.
“What’s special about Tipasa, a UNESCO–recognized World Heritage Site since 1982, is the charm of its landscape, the shared presence of history and archaeology, culture, nature, and architecture. It’s the spirit of the place,” said Lynda Aoudia Benali who has studied Tipasa and the ongoing challenges from both rapid urbanization and insufficient Site management.
Now, Tipasa is entering a new chapter, perhaps its last: It’s become a symbol of an entire continent’s heritage in crisis. Recently, a team reported the results of hard work mapping how sea level rise is affecting nearly 300 World Heritage Sites around Africa’s roughly 20,000 miles of coastline. About 20 percent of the sites examined, including Tipasa, are already at higher risk from flooding and erosion (腐蚀). By 2050 that figure is expected to more than twice.
The Site’s 2lst-century problems have only increased in the last two decades. UNESCO has repeatedly threatened to remove the site of World Heritage status. As recently as 2021, the organization noted a lot of problems at Tipasa, such as modern construction, including a proposed port, which threatened the site’s integrity.
1．What can we know about Tipasa
A．It was built one thousand years ago.
B．It is the most important archeological site in Africa.
C．It is considered as a well-known tourist attraction.
D．It suffered complete damage in the sixth century.
2．What can we infer from Lynda Aoudia Benali’s words in Paragraph 3
A．Tipasa has its unique characteristics.
B．Tipasa has experienced quick development.
C．Tipasa became a World Heritage Site in the 1990s.
D．Tipasa has been paid much attention to for its management.
3．What puts Tipasa at a higher risk according to the passage
A．The overdevelopment. B．The abundant tourists.
C．The natural disasters. D．The severe pollution.
4．What will most probably happen to Tipasa
A．Its modern construction will be completely stopped.
B．Its problems have been solved.
C．Its effects of climate change will be avoided.
D．Its World Heritage status is under threat.
B
Shaping, drying, glazing and firing... in less than 5 minutes, a mini vase only millimeters in size starts to take shape as viewers watch on. As the founder of a miniature ceramics (微型陶瓷) studio, Wang Wenhua never expected that his works would surprise viewers in China, let alone those abroad, and that his short videos would earn over 45 million views and 4.2 million likes on a video application.
Having worked in China’s “Porcelain Capital (瓷都)” Jingdezhen in East China’s Jiangxi Province for 14 years, Wang said he had once seen the world’s biggest ceramic here but he had never seen the smallest, so he decided one day to try something different—making micro porcelain.
Things were not easy in the beginning, and many people doubted him. “They called me crazy and mocked me when I went to factories and asked them to help make miniature tools for me to create micro pottery. Even my wife did not support me,” Wang said.
However, Wang did not give up and after about half a year of experimentation, Wang finally made miniature tools on his own and was able to complete his first miniature porcelain—a vase.
According to Wang, the key to making a miniature ceramic work is concentration and a pair of steady hands. After numerous attempts, Wang found that the smallest works he could get were about 2 millimeters in size. “It would probably miss my original intention if I made micro pottery using a microscope, so I have focused more attention on making the smaller pieces more beautiful and complex,” said Wang.
The smallest vase that Wang has made is a bowl only 2 millimeters tall, 3 millimeters wide and 1 millimeter thick. Wang says he plans to apply for the Guinness World Records for the world’s smallest pottery work.
5．What inspired Wang Wenhua to make micro porcelain
A．The high expectations of the viewers.
B．The popularity of his videos on a video application.
C．His decision to make something different.
D．The responsibility of the founder of the studio.
6．Which words can best describe Wang Wenhua
A．Ambitious and wise. B．Brilliant and wealthy.
C．Talented and stubborn. D．Determined and focused.
7．What plays a significant role in Wang producing a miniature ceramic work
A．Using a microscope in his work. B．Advanced tools made by himself.
C．Carrying out numerous experiments. D．Attention on a thing and steady hands.
8．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Art. B．Fashion. C．Education. D．Psychology.
C
Officials from Brazil’s Indigenous (原住民) protection agency approached the hut in the middle of the Amazon rainforest. They were witnessing the first recorded dying out of an uncontacted tribe in the country’s history.
The man lying there, the last member of his tribe, had died and with him an entire culture and answers to a thousand questions.
Even his name was a mystery. He was known only as “the Man of the Hole” because of the dozens of holes he had dug over the years in his territory. His age, too, could only be guessed at. He appeared to be about 60, officials said.
It was a sad milestone for a country that in recent years has seen protections for Indigenous groups undermined by an administration that has prioritized (优先) development of the Amazon over conservation.
In Rondonia, the only resident of the 8,000-hectare area lived in complete isolation for at least 26 years after the rest of his group was killed by ranchers (农场主) advancing the agricultural frontier.
Brazil’s Indigenous protection agency, Funai, made direct contact with the last surviving man only in 1996. Marcelo dos Santos, an Indigenous expert, said he was found hiding in his hut. “We tried to establish a conversation and offered corn and arrows, but he was terrified and very aggressive (具有攻击性). From this moment on, we had to respect his isolation.”
Even with protections in place, the territory suffered widespread deforestation up until about 13 years ago. Attacks on the last surviving man continued, as well, including one by armed gunmen in 2009, according to local news reports.
“For me, he was somehow incredible: to be able to survive on his own, not speak to anybody and avoid all contact maybe out of grief or determination,” said Fionad Watson, a research director at Survival International, a London-based rights organization.
9．What did the death of “the Man of the Hole” suggest
A．An uncontacted tribe went extinct. B．An entire culture would be recorded.
C．The secrets around him would be unearthed. D．The protection agency was unwilling to rescue him.
10．The underlined word “undermined” in para. 4 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A．strengthened B．monitored C．sought D．weakened
11．What happened to “the Man of the Hole” in 1996
A．He made the protection agency’s approach a failure.
B．He witnessed the most severe deforestation in history.
C．He escaped being shot by a group of aggressive gunmen.
D．He learned more survival skills with arrows offered by Funai.
12．What did Fiona Watson regard “the Man of the Hole” as
A．A mystery B．An evolution C．A wonder D．A fortuneBook 3 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
Period 1 Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.单词认读关(先填后记诵)
基础词汇记其形
__________________ adj.不同的:多种多样的
2.___________________ n.机会:气
3. __________________ vt.适合;满....需要;相配;合身n.西服;套装
_______________ n.项目; -件商品(或物品);一条(新闻)
_______________ vt.包含;含有;容纳
_______________ adj.极好的;整洁的;整齐的
________________ n.气候
8._______________ adj.具有民族特色的:异国风味的:民族的:种族的
9. ____________ vi.&vt 承认vt.准许进入(或加入)
10.____________ adv.肯定;确实
11.____________ vi.发生:出现
12.____________ adv.在市中心:往市中心
13.____________ n.传教(区);重要任务;使命
14.____________ n.地区;区域
15.____________ n. [pl]涂鸦;胡写乱画
16.____________ n.连环画杂志;漫画杂志;喜剧演员 adj.滑稽的;使人发笑的
17.____________ (NAmE usually afterward) adv. 以后;后来
18.____________ adj加有香料的:辛辣的
19.____________ adj. (有关)历史的
20.____________ vt.& vi. (____________/s:t/，)寻找;寻求;争取: (向人)请求
21.____________ v.&vi.挣得;賺得;赢得;博得
22.____________ n. (外来)移民:外侨
____________ vt.选择;挑选;选拔
24.____________ n.材料;布料;素材 adj.物质的;实际的
25. ____________ n.衣服;服装
26.____________ adj.药草的;香草的
27. ____________ n.建筑;建造;建造物; (句子、短语等的)结构
____________ n.日志;日记;报纸;刊物
____________ v.&.n.夺取(生命);宣称;断言
____________ n.系列;连续;接连
____________ vt.& vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷)
32.____________ n.少数民族;少数派;少数人
___________ vi.& vt.逃走;逃脱;避开n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱
【答案】
1.diverse adj.不同的:多种多样的
2.fortune n.机会:气
3. suit vt.适合;满....需要;相配;合身n.西服;套装
item n.项目; -件商品(或物品);一条(新闻)
contain vt.包含;含有;容纳
neat adj.极好的;整洁的;整齐的
climate n.气候
8.ethnic adj.具有民族特色的:异国风味的:民族的:种族的
9.admit vi.&vt 承认vt.准许进入(或加入)
10.definitely adv.肯定;确实
11.occur vi.发生:出现
12.downtown adv.在市中心:往市中心
13.mission n.传教(区);重要任务;使命
14.district n.地区;区域
15.graffiti n. [pl]涂鸦;胡写乱画
ic n.连环画杂志;漫画杂志;喜剧演员 adj.滑稽的;使人发笑的
17.afterwards (NAmE usually afterward) adv. 以后;后来
18.spicy adj加有香料的:辛辣的
19.historical adj. (有关)历史的
20.seek vt.& vi. (sought /s:t/，sought)寻找;寻求;争取: (向人)请求
21.earn v.&vi.挣得;賺得;赢得;博得
22.immigrant n. (外来)移民:外侨
select vt.选择;挑选;选拔
24.material n.材料;布料;素材 adj.物质的;实际的
25. clothing n.衣服;服装
26. herbal adj.药草的;香草的
27. construction n.建筑;建造;建造物; (句子、短语等的)结构
journal n.日志;日记;报纸;刊物
claim v.&.n.夺取(生命);宣称;断言
series n.系列;连续;接连
settle vt.& vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷)
32.minority n.少数民族;少数派;少数人
二、核心词汇记中变
1. ____________ adj．不同的；多种多样的= __________ →____________n.差异（性）；不同（点）；多样性=____________
2. ____________ vi．＆vt．承认 vt.准许进入(或加入);_____(=contain)→ ___________ n.允许进入；入场费；承认 被…录取：____________
mit结尾的词过去式、过去分词需要_____，变名词需要把t变为_______ claim v./n.______;宣称;声明;_____;______;_______;_________
①许可；允许:__________ ②使屈服,呈交：_________ ③承诺，一心一意做…：__________④传输,播送：_________
3. ____________ adv．肯定=____________；确实→_________adj.肯定的；确定的=____________→___________ adj. 无限期的,含糊的
4. ____________ vi.发生；出现→____________（过去式／过去分词）→____________（现在分词）双写__
某人突然想起某事：①____________________ ②______________________________ ★seek-________-________ vt.寻找;探索
5. __________ adj．（有关）历史的→____________adj．历史意义重大的→____________n.历史→____________ n.历史学家
6. _______ vt.选择.挑选.选拔→ _________adj．有选择性的(=______ adj.)→_______ n.选择；挑选；选拔(=______ n.) __________ n.选举
7. ___________ n.日志;日记;报纸;刊物→____________n.记者
1. diverse adj．不同的；多种多样的= various → diversity n.差异（性）；不同（点）；多样性=variety
2. admit vi．＆vt．承认 vt.准许进入(或加入);容纳(=contain)→ admission n.允许进入；入场费；承认 被…录取：be admitted to
mit结尾的词过去式、过去分词需要双写t，变名词需要把t变为ssion claim v./n.索赔/取;宣称;声明;断言;认领;夺取(生命);需要(花时间或精力)
①许可；允许:permit ②使屈服,呈交:submit ③承诺，一心一意做…：commit ④传输,播送：transmit
3. definitely adv．肯定=absolutely；确实→definite adj.肯定的；确定的=absolute→indefinite adj. 无限期的,含糊的
4. occur vi.发生；出现→occurred（过去式／过去分词）→occurring（现在分词）双写r
某人突然想起某事：①sth. occurs/occurred to sb. ②it occurs/occurred to sb. that… ★seek-sought-sought vt.寻找;探索
5. historical adj.（有关）历史的→historic adj．历史意义重大的→history n.历史→historian n.历史学家
6. select vt.选择；挑选；选拔→ selective adj．有选择性的(=optional adj.)→selection n.选择；挑选；选拔(=option n.选择) election n.选举
7. journal n.日志;日记;报纸;刊物→journalist n．记者→journalism n. 新闻业
三、阅读词汇识其义
1. chip n ._____________
2. cheese n. ____________
3. jazz n____________
4. barn n. ____________
5. diagram n. ____________:
【答案】
1.chip n .(英)炸土豆条:(美)炸薯片:芯片:碎片
2. cheese n.干酪;奶酪
3. jazz n.爵士乐
4. barn n.酒吧;小吃店;小馆子
5. diagram n.简图;图解;图表:
Ⅱ.语块记诵关(先填后记诵)
1. _____________________________. 适合做某事
2._____________________________仅举几例
3._____________________________ 幸运地做某事
4._____________________________ 据称……
5. _____________________________. 承认(做过)某事
6._____________________________系列或一连串(事件)
7. _____________________________碰运气
8. _____________________________被录取，被允许进入……
9. _____________________________寻找成功致富之路;闯世界
10. _____________________________.朝....前进;向.....去
11. _____________________________谋生
12. _____________________________导致
13. _____________________________第一手资料
14._____________________________ 某人突然想起……
15. _____________________________ 安居下来；使平静下来
16._____________________________ 开始认真对待某事
17. _____________________________ 除了....外(还) ;此外
18. _____________________________这个城市最古老的地方之一
19. _____________________________过去是一个贫困区
20. _____________________________ 艺术中心
21. _____________________________真正的文化融合
22. _____________________________去当地的博物馆
23. _____________________________淘金热
24. _____________________________s 开商店
25. _____________________________ 位于大山顶上
【答案】
1. be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
2. to name but a few仅举几例
3. be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth. 幸运地做某事
4. It is claimed that... 据称……
5. admit(doing/having done) sth. 承认(做过)某事
6. series of系列或一连串(事件)
7. try one’s fortune 碰运气
8. be admitted to/into... 被录取，被允许进入……
9. seek one's fortune寻找成功致富之路;闯世界
10. head to .朝....前进;向.....去
11. earn a living谋生
12. bring about导致
13. first hand第一手资料
14. It occurs to /strikes/hits sb.that... 某人突然想起……
15. settle down 安居下来；使平静下来
16. settle down to sth. 开始认真对待某事
17. apart from 除了....外(还) ;此外
18. one of the oldest parts of the city 这个城市最古老的地方之一
19. used to be a poor area 过去是一个贫困区
20. a centre for art 艺术中心
21. a real mix of cultures 真正的文化融合
22. head to a local museum 去当地的博物馆
23. gold rush 淘金热
24. open up shops 开商店
25. sit on the top of big hills 位于大山顶上
Ⅲ.佳句赏析关(先赏后译)
1．And what_a_city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.(感叹句)
这是一座多么了不起的城市啊——一座在1906年地震后能够重建的城市。
2．What_started_as_a_residential_area_for_Chinese_immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.(what引导主语从句)
早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。
3．There are so many beautiful old buildings—many_sitting_on_top_of_big_hills，offering great views of the city，the ocean，and the Golden Gate Bridge.(独立主格结构)
这里有众多美丽的古建筑——许多坐落于大山之巅，城市、大海和金门大桥的美景尽收眼底。
It is likely that Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
【解析】句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。
【翻译】美洲土著居民很可能在至少一万五千年前迁往加州。
To earn a living，some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.
【解析】句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是some，谓语是opened up，宾语是shops and restaurants，in Chinatown是地点状语，句首的To earn a living是不定式短语作目的状语。
【翻译】为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。
Step 1 Pre reading
Look at the picture and guess which city it is in.
It is the Golden Gate Bridge. The bridge is long and tall. It is a famous landmark of San Francisco.It is a wealthy city in California which lies on the West Coast of the US. It has many tourist attractions, the Palace of Fine Arts, Fisherman’s Wharf, Lombart Street to name but just a few.
the Palace of Fine Arts艺术宫
Fisherman’s Wharf渔人码头
Lombart Street九曲花街
Step 2 While reading
Task 1: Fast reading
1 )What's the main idea of the passage
This passage is a ___________________ about Li Lan's travel in __________________. She liked the city a lot. She visited many places and experienced their ______________________.
【答案】
This passage is a _________travel journal__________ about Li Lan's travel in ____San Francisco______________. She liked the city a lot. She visited many places and experienced their _______diverse cultures_______________.
2). What is the type of the passage
A. news report B. travel journal
C. travel guide D. a letter
【答案】B
2) Scan Li Lan's travel journal and find out the places that she has been to or plans to visit.
【答案】Li Lan has been to the Redwood Forest, Napa Valley, the Mission District, a local museum and Chinatown.
Li Lan plans to visit the Richmond District.
3）Read the passage on Pages 28-29 and match the main idea with each paragraph.
(1) Para.1 A. The author was back in San Francisco again and felt very good.
(2) Para.2 B. The author was going to a jazz bar.
(3) Para. 3 C. The author selected a Cantonese restaurant to have a meal in China town.
(4) Para. 4 D. The author visited a local museum that showed the historical changes in
California.
(5) Para.5 E. The author made a brief introduction to the Mission District and told us what
she had done there.
【答案】Para.1 A Para.2 E Para.3 D Para.4 C Para.5
Task 2: Intensive reading
Read the travel journal carefully and complete the timeline of Li Lan’s trip.
The timeline of Li Lan’s trip
when where what feelings why
Before coming to San Francisco
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Tomorrow
【答案】
when where what feelings why
Before coming to San Francisco in the Redwood Forest; Napa Valley Camped;visited tired ethnic diversity
Morning the neighbourhood Mission School art Mexican-Chinese noodles from a food truck Explored; learnt about; ate amazed, impressed people from Mexico or Central America
Afternoon a historical museum visited; learned interested immigrants from China
Evening Chinatown ate touched cafes and Chinese restaurants
Tomorrow in the Richmond District will go to.. curious a jazz bar
Read the travel journal again. Then answer the questions.
(1)What impressed the writer first about San Francisco
___________________________________________________________________________________
(2) Can you use one sentence to describe the Mission District
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
(3)San Francisco has diverse cultures. What historical reasons are mentioned in Paragraph 3 Please list them.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
(4)What does the local museum show to visitors
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
(1)The beautiful old buildings, many sitting on top of big hills.
(2)This district used to be a poor area of town, but is now a centre for art, music, and food.
(3)I learnt that America got California from Mexico in 1848. In the same year, gold was discovered near San Francisco, which started a gold rush. Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune, and San Francisco quickly became a big city. Many Chinese arrived during this period.
(4)The museum did a really good job of showing how America was built by immigrants from different countries and cultures.
Step 3 Post reading
Discuss the questions.
(1)From Li Lan’s trip, what do you think is her impression of San Francisco or California
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
She thinks there is a mix of cultures in the city/state./In her opinion, it is a culturally diverse city/state./She believes that people from diverse ethnic backgrounds have an influence on what the city/state is like now./She finds that cultural diversity shows in many aspects of the city/state.
(2) What does cultural diversity mean to you
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Possible answers:
Opportunities to experience different cultures and customs
Personal growth (culture awareness, international communication, cooperation)
More open-minded society
Exchange of innovative ideas
Misunderstanding across languages and cultures
...
What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Possible answers:
The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting.
The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other.
Task 1：赏语言
1 travel journal
2 be influenced by
3 head to sp
4 gold rush
5 seek one’s fortune
6 earn a / one’s living
7 open up
8 bring about
9 apart from
10 be home to
11 escape (doing) sth
Task 2：理文化
旧金山（San Francisco），旧称“三藩市”、“圣弗朗西斯科”，美国加利福尼亚州太平洋沿岸的港口城市，是世界著名旅游胜地、加州人口第四大城市。旧金山临近世界著名技术产业区硅谷，是世界重要的技术研发基地之一和美国西海岸重要的金融中心，也是联合国的诞生地（1945年《联合国宪章》）。
旧金山属地中海气候，其与旧金山湾边各都市组成的旧金山湾区，著名景点有金门大桥和渔人码头，气候冬暖夏凉、阳光充足，临近众多美国国家公园（如约塞米蒂国家公园）和加州葡萄酒产地纳帕谷，常被誉为“最受美国人欢迎的城市”。1769年西班牙人发现此地，1848年加入美联邦，19世纪中叶在淘金热中迅速发展，华侨称为“金山”，后为区别于澳大利亚墨尔本（新金山）而改称“旧金山”。截至2018年7月，旧金山全市人口约88万，其中华裔18万，是西半球华人密度最高的地区之一，华人总数量仅次于纽约。
Silicon Valley refers to a region in the south San Francisco Bay Area. The area is notable for the vast number of technology companies that are headquartered there.
A gold rush is a new discovery of gold that brings an onrush of miners seeking their fortune. Major gold rushes took place in the 19th century in Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Canada, South Africa, and the United States, while smaller gold rushes took place elsewhere.
Chinatown is a distinctive and well-known area of San Francisco which dates back to the gold rush days of the 1850s. The Chinatown in San Francisco is the oldest Chinese neighbourhood in North America.
Stanford University is considered to be one of the most prestigious universities in the United States and the world. It offers a broad range of undergraduate, graduate, and professional degree programs in schools of law, medicine, education, engineering, business, earth sciences, and humanities and sciences. The Stanford Medical Center, completed on the campus in 1959, is one of the top teaching hospitals in the country.
Part 1 核心词汇
1.【词汇拓展】________adj.不同的；多种多样的→________ v. (使) 多样化，不同→________ n.差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性
答案：diverse，diversify，diversity
【常用搭配】
a diversity of/diversities of 各种各样的（同义various）
【即学即练】
1.There is _________________________________________ (各种各样的) opinions within the company.
2.He wanted to __________ (diverse) his experience and broaden his view sight by travelling around the world.
答案：1.a diversity of/diversities of/diverse/various 2. diversify
2.【词汇拓展】 _________ vi.&vt.承认vt.准许进入(或加入)→_________ n.允许进入；入场费；承认答案：admit, admission
【常用搭配】
admit(doing/having done) sth. 承认(做过)某事 admit＋n.＋to be... 承认……是…… admit sb./sth.into/to 允许某人/某物进入/加入 be admitted to/into... 被录取，被接纳，被允许进入…… be admitted as... 作为……被接受 gain/obtain admission to/into... 获准进入/加入……
【即学即练】
1)单句语法填空
1.She apologized to me and admitted________(take) my umbrella by mistake.
2She apologized to me and ___________________________ (承认拿了) my umbrella by mistake.
3.News came from the school that Wang Lin _________________________(admit)to/into Peking University.
4.This card will make you gain _______________ (admit) to/into the exhibition.
5.The two boys admitted that they didn't _______________ (获准进入)this building.
6.The man admitted___________(steal)a collection of valuable paintings.
7.You must admit the man __________(be) stubborn.
2）写作运用提能
__________________________________________________________, I am writing to offer sincere congratulations to you.得知你已被北京大学录取,我写信真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)
答案：1) 1.taking 2.admitted( to) having taken 3.had been admitted 4.admission 5.gain admission to 6.stealing/having stolen 7.to be
Learning that you have been admitted into Peking University
3.【词汇拓展】 ___________vi. 发生；出现(occur--occurred) → ___________ n. 发生
答案：occur，occurrence
【常用搭配】
It occurs to sb that… =It hits sb that… =It strikes sb that… 某人突然想起/想到……
【即学即练】
1. The scientists have found a link between the ____________ (occur) of cancer and the use of taking drugs.
2. That traffic accident __________ (occur) only minutes after the car stopped.
3._________________ (我突然想到) that I had not finished my homework.
答案：1.occurrence 2.occurred 3.It occurred to me
4.seek vt.& vi.(sought，sought) 寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求；探索
【常用搭配】
seek for/after 寻找；追求 seek sb/sth out 找出某人/某物 seek to do sth 试图做某事 seek...from sb. 向某人请求…… seek one's fortune 外出寻找发财机会,外出闯荡 seek to do sth.(=try to do sth.)试图做某事,设法做某事 seek out 挑选出;物色到
【即学即练】
1.He is a man who likes seeking _________ wealth and power.
2.He sought_________his friend in the crowd.
3.I am always seeking__________(improve) my teaching method.
答案：1.after/for 2.out 3.to improve
5.escape vt.&vi.逃脱；逃走；避开 n．逃脱；逃跑；解脱
【常用搭配】
escape from... 从……逃脱；逃避 escape doing/being done sth. 逃避(被)做某事 escape death 死里逃生 a narrow escape 九死一生 escape one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意,被某人忽视 fire escape 太平梯
【即学即练】
1.No one can escaped _________(punish) if he breaks law.
2.他越狱了,但一个月后再次被警方逮捕。
He_________________ , but was rearrested by police a month later.
3.他在战争中九死一生。
He __________________________during the war.
答案：1.punishment/ being punished 2.escaped from prison 3.had a narrow escape
6.【词汇拓展】___________v. 折叠；对折; 包，裹→ ___________ v. (使) 展开，打开
答案：fold，unfold
【常用搭配】
fold up折叠 fold sb’s arms双臂交叉在胸前 fold sth in two/half把某物对折
【即学即练】
1.She __________ (fold) the paper bag and found a beautiful flower.
2.The soldier _______________ (双手交叉) across his chest and glared at the front.
3.我们通常将红色的纸折成两半，然后用剪刀剪。
We usually __________________________ and then cut it with scissors.
答案：1.unfolded 2.folded his arms 3.fold the red paper in half/two
8.occur vi.发生；出现
【常用搭配】
sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to /strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事
【即学即练】
1.突然我想到了一个好主意。
_________________________________all at once.
2.事故是什么时候发生的？
________________________________
3.我突然想到，自上封信以来，已经有太长时间没收到华莱士的信了。
_______________________________it had been too long since I heard from Wallace.
答案：1.A good idea occurred to me 2.When did the accident occur 3.It occurred to me that
5．earn vt.赚得；挣得；博得；赢得
【例句】To earn a living，some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.
为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开商店、开餐馆。
【归纳拓展】
earnings n．所得；收入；工资
earn one’s/a living(＝make one’s/a living) 谋生
earn sb sth 使某人赢得/获得……
earn money(＝make money) 挣钱
earn success 获得成功
earn one’s own living 自食其力
【即学即练】补全句子
①He ________________ by selling newspapers when he was young.＝He ______________ by selling newspapers when he was young.
他年轻时靠卖报谋生。
②Your efforts will ____________________________.你的努力将会为你赢得佳誉。
③____________________________，you have to work hard.为了谋生，你必须努力工作。
【答案】①earned his/a living, made a living；②earn you a good reputation； ③To earn a/your living
7. select vt.挑选；选择；选拔
【例句】I selected a Cantonese restaurant that served its food on beautiful china plates.
我挑选了一家粤菜馆，他们端出来的佳肴是放在精美的瓷盘子上的。
【归纳拓展】
select...as/to be... 挑选……作为……
select sb to do sth 挑选某人做某事
select...for... 为……挑选……
【即学即练】单句语法填空
①Daff was selected from the whole class_______ (go) on the trip.
②She has been selected _______ the England team.
③After a long walk，we _______ a good place_______ our camp.走了很长的路后，我们选了一个露营的好地方。
【答案】①to go； ②for；③selected, for
8.fortune n．机会(chance)；运气，命运(fate)；财富(a large amount of money)
(1)make a/one's fortune发财
try one's fortune碰运气
(2)fortunate (＝lucky) adj.幸运的；侥幸的
be fortunate to do sth.有幸做某事
(3)fortunately adv.幸运地
unfortunately adv.不幸地
【即学即练】
①At the age of four，she fell into an icy river and was ________ (fortunate) rescued by some local villagers.
②My cousin was fortunate ________ (find) a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
③I had the good fortune ________ (choose)for studying abroad.
④Determined never to come back before he could ________ ________ ________ (赚大钱)，Mike left home without saying a word.
【答案】
①At the age of four，she fell into an icy river and was fortunately (fortunate) rescued by some local villagers.
②My cousin was fortunate to_find (find) a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
③I had the good fortune to_be_chosen (choose)for studying abroad.
④Determined never to come back before he could make_a_big_fortune (赚大钱)，Mike left home without saying a word.
Part 02短语精讲
1.in addition另外；除此之外；并且；况且
【例句】In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.此外，许多人死于欧洲人带来的疾病。
【归纳拓展】
in addition to＝besides(介词)除……之外(还有，也)
in addition＝besides(副词)＝what’s more，通常用逗号与后面的部分隔开。
in addition to中的to为介词，所以后接动词作宾语时要用动名词形式。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
①You need money and time，______ addition, you need diligence.
②In addition ______ English, he has to study a second foreign language.单句写作
③______________(而且), we should dress ourselves formally.
④______________________(除了给) me some advice, he gave me some money.
【答案】①in； ②to；③In addition to； ④In addition to giving
2.used to do sth.过去常常做某事(暗指现在不做了)
【例句】I used to go to the cinema a lot.我以前常去看电影。
There used to be low and dirty houses.那里曾是一些又矮又脏的房舍。
【归纳拓展】
used to有两个否定形式和两个疑问形式。一种直接使用used；一种借助于助动词did，如下：
否定形式：
used not to do＝usedn’t to do
did not use to do＝didn’t use to do
疑问形式：
Used＋主语＋to＋动词原形…
Did＋主语＋use＋to＋动词原形…
Used your father to drink a lot 你父亲曾经喝酒很多吗？
Didn’t he use to drive to work 他过去不曾开车上班吗？
【易混辨析】
used to do sth
be used to (doing) sth
be used to do sth
used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”，指过去习惯性的动作或经常存在的状态
be used to(doing) sth. 表示“习惯于(做)某事”，其中to 为介词，后接(动)名词
be used to do sth. 表示“被用来做某事”，为被动语态
Mr White used to live in China, so he is used to Chinese dishes.
怀特先生过去住在中国，所以习惯吃中国菜。
Bamboo can be used to build houses.
竹子可用来建造房屋。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
①I used ___________(visit) the gallery where the art works by professional painters were displayed.
②Wood is often used __________(make) desks and chairs.
③She is used to __________(live) in the countryside now.④My grandparents are used ______ the life in the downtown.
完成句子
⑤I _______________，but I gave up a couple of years ago.
我以前抽烟，但几年前就戒掉了。
⑥I didn't think I could ever ___________________ in a big city after living in the country.
我觉得在农村住了之后，我不能适应大城市的生活。
⑦I _________________________________ much when we were at school.
以前我们上学时，我并不太喜欢他。
⑧It can ___________________ almost any emotion.
它可用于几乎所有的情感表达。
【答案】 ①to visit ②to make ③living ④to ⑤used to smoke ⑥get used to living
⑦didn’t use to/usedn’t to like him ⑧be used to express
3.head to/for(朝……)前进；(向……)去
【例句】In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum that showed the historical changes in California.
下午，我前往当地的一家博物馆，这家博物馆展现了加利福尼亚的历史变迁。
It is not clear how many of them will head back to Saudi Arabia tomorrow.
尚不清楚他们当中有多少人明天将折回沙特阿拉伯。
【归纳拓展】
head for/towards朝……前进
head back to回到……
head north/south朝北/南走
raise one's head抬头
shake/nod one's head摇头/点头
keep one's head保持冷静
lose one's head惊慌失措
use one's head动脑筋
hold one's head high昂首挺胸
【即学即练】单句语法填空
①Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed ______________ remote regions to chase(追求) their dreams.
②He came along with other tourists and __________(head) for the harbour.
单句写作
③I saw Tom _____________________(正朝……走来) me, but I avoided meeting him.
④He didn't even ________________(抬头) when I came in.
⑤You should _______________(动脑筋) while writing the summary.
【答案】①for/towards ②headed ③heading for/towards ④raise his head ⑤use your head
4.bring about导致；引起
【例句】Many new changes have been brought about in China's industry.
中国的工业已产生许多新的变化。
The accident was brought about by John's carelessness.
这场事故是由于约翰的粗心造成的。
【归纳拓展】
bring back带回；使回忆起某事；使恢复
bring down使……降低；使……倒下
bring in引入；赚得；挣得
bring out显现出；使发挥
bring up养育；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐
【即学即练】单句语法填空
①Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought ______ to value the sense of sharing.
②Scientists say that many factors bring _________ the changes in the weather.
用bring的相关短语完成句子
③The most important thing to the company is to ___________ new equipment.
④Being _____________ in a poor family made Tom very diligent(勤勉地) when he was still young.
⑤However, cars also ______________ so many problems for people, which should be given more attention than any time before.
⑥I shall ___________ this question at the next meeting.
⑦Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw _______________ my childhood memories.
⑧Working with the medical team in Africa has ______________ the best in her as a doctor.
【答案】①up ②about ③bring in ④brought up ⑤bring about
⑥bring up ⑦brought back ⑧brought out
5.apart from除了……外(还)；此外
【例句】Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases.
除了以上提到的结构，你们还学过下面的短语。
I hardly know anyone in the village apart from you.
除你之外，我几乎不认识村里的任何人。
Apart from a few faults, he is a faithful friend.
除了有几个缺点外，他是一位值得信赖的朋友。
【归纳拓展】
辨析apart from, in addition to, besides, except, except for, except that
apart from 重在强调既含有“除了……还有”，也含有“把……排除在外”之意
in addition to “除……之外还”，一般位于句首
besides 表示“除了……还有”
except 表示“把……排除在外”
except for 表示从整体情况来看，要排除其中的部分特殊情况
except that 意思与except for相同，后须接从句
【即学即练】选择以上短语填空
①As a senior student, we study other subjects _____________ English.
②Your article is well written ______________________ some spelling mistakes.
翻译句子
③Apart from English, he had to study a second foreign language while in college.
______________________________________________
④Apart from my host, I didn't know a single person there.
________________________________________
完成句子
⑤_____________________，I don't think there is anyone under 30 in the party.除了你和我，我认为聚会上没有谁是30岁以下的。
【答案】①apart from ②except for/apart from
③除了英语外，大学期间他还要学一门第二外语
④除了主人外，那里的人我一个也不认识。 ⑤Apart from you and me
Part 03 核心句型
It is likely that Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago.美洲土著居民很可能在至少一万五千年前迁往加州。
【解析】
句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。
It is likely that...为固定句式，意为“很可能……”。
It is very likely that my parents will not allow me to go.
我父母很可能不会让我去。
Tickets are likely to be expensive.
入场券可能很贵。
Me Go climbing Not likely!我？
去爬山？没门！
【拓展】
be likely to do sth.很可能做某事
not likely绝不可能，才不呢(表示强烈反对)
辨析possible，probable，likely
possible 强调客观上有可能，但实际上可能性很小 It is possible that...或It is possible(for sb.) to do sth.
probable 指有根据，合情理。表示“大概，很可能”。语气比possible重要，是most likely之意 It is probable that...
likely 是常用词，指“从表面迹象来看很有可能” It is likely that... 或sb./sth.be likely to do...
【即学即练】选词填空(likely/possible/probable)
①It is ____________ for him to lend us his car.
②We are __________ to make mistakes when learning English.
③It is __________________ that it will rain today.Bring your umbrella with you.
句型转换
④It is likely that some people will suffer back problems.
→Some people __________________ suffer back problems.
【答案】①possible ②likely ③probable/likely ④will be likely to
In fact，an art movement called the “Mission School” started here.事实上，一场叫作“教会学校”的艺术运动开始于此。
【解析】
句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是an art movement，谓语是started，called the “Mission School”是过去分词短语作后置定语。
过去分词作定语用法浅析：
①位置：单个过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前，过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后
②时态、语态：及物动词的过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成；不及物动词的过去分词只表示已完成
③拓展性：过去分词左后置定语时常可拓展为定语从句
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他们正在清理院子里的落叶。
Who were the so-called guests invited (＝who had been invited) to the party last night
昨晚被邀请参加晚会的那些所谓的客人都是谁呀？
单句语法填空
①The program ____________(design) to help the young is very popular.
②He borrowed a book ___________(write) by Mo Yan.
③I bought a dress _____________(decorate) with some beautiful patterns.
【答案】①designed ②written ③decorated
In the same year，gold was discovered near San Francisco，which started a gold rush.同年，在旧金山附近发现了黄金，这引起了淘金热。
【解析】
句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是gold was discovered near San Francisco，which started a gold rush是which引导的非限制性定语从句。
which引导非限制性定语从句
①置于先行词之后，通常不置于句首
②先行词既可以是一个词，也可以是整个句子或者主句的部分内容，是整个主句时从句谓语动词用单数形式。
③which有“这/那，这/那有点”之意
These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not produced any fruits.
这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。(which 指代 these apple trees)
John passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.
约翰通过了考试，这使他的父母很高兴。(which 指代整个主句)
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.
他说他以前从没见过她，这不是真的。(which 指代主句中的宾语从句)
【即学即练】单句语法填空
①She and her family bicycle to work，_________ helps them keep fit.
②I've been to London，_________ is a beautiful city.
【答案】①which ②which
To earn a living，some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。
【解析】
句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是some，谓语是opened up，宾语是shops and restaurants，in Chinatown是地点状语，句首的To earn a living是不定式短语作目的状语。(2)动词不定式作目的状语时可位于句首或句末，表强调时，通常可以在不定式符号to之前加上in order或so as，其否定形式为in order not to...和so as not to...但so as to只能位于句中。
When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.
当被问及他为什么去那里时，他说他被派去那儿接受太空飞行训练。
I send him some pictures for him to see what Paris is like.
我寄给他几张照片，让他瞧瞧巴黎是什么样子的。
She arrived early in order to get a good seat.
为找个好位置，她早早地到场了。
Let's hurry so as not to be late for the movie.
咱们快点儿吧，免得看电影迟到了。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
①You don't have to run fast or for long _________(see) the benefit.
②__________ (make)matters worse，Mr Rove is more important now than in the past.
③(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷语法填空)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 __________(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】①to see ②To make ③to find
Part 1 动词的形式变化和词形转换
1．The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to_____________ (admit) to my favorite university will come true.
2．More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC，with many ____________ (seek) employment in engineering，education，medicine and a wide variety of other professions.
3．It is said that he narrowly escaped ____________ (kill) in the traffic accident the other day.
4．There were so many noises that we were unable to settle down to____________ (study)．
5．When he was criticized by the boss，he was so angry that he couldn't contain ____________ (he)．
6．Plastic will give out v (poison)gas when burned.
7．The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate，or we are still missing a lot of the information ____________ (contain) in their gestures and actions.
【答案】
1．The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to be_admitted (admit) to my favorite university will come true.
2．More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC，with many seeking (seek) employment in engineering，education，medicine and a wide variety of other professions.
3．It is said that he narrowly escaped being_killed (kill) in the traffic accident the other day.
4．There were so many noises that we were unable to settle down to studying (study)．
5．When he was criticized by the boss，he was so angry that he couldn't contain himself (he)．
6．Plastic will give out poisonous (poison)gas when burned.
7．The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate，or we are still missing a lot of the information contained (contain) in their gestures and actions.
Part 2 课文语法填空
Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1)_________(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)__________(rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)_________(occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious Mexican-Chinese noodles. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)_________ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush period, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_________(live). Many others worked on (6)_________(farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)_________ America was built by immigrants from (8)_________(difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)_________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)_________ jazz bar in the Richmond District.
【答案】
to be 2. rebuilding 3 occurred. 4. that 5. living 6. farms 7. how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
A
Along the rocky Algerian coast, just east of where the bulky shape of Mount Chenoua slides into the Mediterranean, the sea and indifference may finally do what the Vandals did not. There, for more than 2,500 years, has stood Tipasa. It is considered as one of the most important archaeological sites in North Africa.
Tipasa fell into ruin in the sixth century. Both its main complex on the coast and an inland monumental tomb were all but forgotten in the olive trees and thin pines. Most of the ancient city, in fact, remains buried beneath sediment (沉积物) up to 12 feet thick. For the last few decades, however, what’s left of Tipasa’s past has been increasingly surrounded by the expanding modern town of Tipasa from three sides. And to the north, the waves lap ever closer.
“What’s special about Tipasa, a UNESCO–recognized World Heritage Site since 1982, is the charm of its landscape, the shared presence of history and archaeology, culture, nature, and architecture. It’s the spirit of the place,” said Lynda Aoudia Benali who has studied Tipasa and the ongoing challenges from both rapid urbanization and insufficient Site management.
Now, Tipasa is entering a new chapter, perhaps its last: It’s become a symbol of an entire continent’s heritage in crisis. Recently, a team reported the results of hard work mapping how sea level rise is affecting nearly 300 World Heritage Sites around Africa’s roughly 20,000 miles of coastline. About 20 percent of the sites examined, including Tipasa, are already at higher risk from flooding and erosion (腐蚀). By 2050 that figure is expected to more than twice.
The Site’s 2lst-century problems have only increased in the last two decades. UNESCO has repeatedly threatened to remove the site of World Heritage status. As recently as 2021, the organization noted a lot of problems at Tipasa, such as modern construction, including a proposed port, which threatened the site’s integrity.
1．What can we know about Tipasa
A．It was built one thousand years ago.
B．It is the most important archeological site in Africa.
C．It is considered as a well-known tourist attraction.
D．It suffered complete damage in the sixth century.
2．What can we infer from Lynda Aoudia Benali’s words in Paragraph 3
A．Tipasa has its unique characteristics.
B．Tipasa has experienced quick development.
C．Tipasa became a World Heritage Site in the 1990s.
D．Tipasa has been paid much attention to for its management.
3．What puts Tipasa at a higher risk according to the passage
A．The overdevelopment. B．The abundant tourists.
C．The natural disasters. D．The severe pollution.
4．What will most probably happen to Tipasa
A．Its modern construction will be completely stopped.
B．Its problems have been solved.
C．Its effects of climate change will be avoided.
D．Its World Heritage status is under threat.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了位于阿尔及利亚的Tipasa世界遗产以及它未来面临着很多不确定性。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Tipasa fell into ruin in the sixth century.”（蒂帕萨在六世纪沦为废墟。）可知，Tipasa在六世纪陷入废墟。从而可知，Tipasa在六世纪时遭到了彻底的破坏。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段““What’s special about Tipasa, a UNESCO–recognized World Heritage Site since 1982, is the charm of its landscape, the shared presence of history and archaeology, culture, nature, and architecture. It’s the spirit of the place,” said Lynda Aoudia Benali who has studied Tipasa and the ongoing challenges from both rapid urbanization and insufficient Site management.”（蒂帕萨自1982年被联合国教科文组织认定为世界遗产，它的特别之处在于其景观的魅力，以及历史和考古、文化、自然和建筑的共同存在。这是这个地方的精神，”Lynda Aoudia Benali说，她研究了蒂帕萨以及快速城市化和场地管理不足带来的持续挑战。）可知，Tipasa自1982年起就被联合国教科文组织指定为世界遗产，其独特之处在于其优美的景观，它的历史、古迹、文化、自然和建筑共同存在。这就是这个地方的精神所在。从而可推断出，Tipasa有独一无二的特征。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句话“About 20 percent of the sites examined, including Tipasa, are already at higher risk from flooding and erosion (腐蚀).”（在被调查的遗址中，包括蒂帕萨在内的约20%已经面临更高的洪水和侵蚀风险。）可知，包括Tipasa在内，约20％的被调查地点已经面临洪水和侵蚀的高风险。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句话“UNESCO has repeatedly threatened to remove the site of World Heritage status.”（合国教科文组织曾多次威胁要取消该遗址的世界遗产地位。）可推知，联合国教科文组织曾多次威胁要剥夺该遗址的世界遗产地位。故选D项。
B
Shaping, drying, glazing and firing... in less than 5 minutes, a mini vase only millimeters in size starts to take shape as viewers watch on. As the founder of a miniature ceramics (微型陶瓷) studio, Wang Wenhua never expected that his works would surprise viewers in China, let alone those abroad, and that his short videos would earn over 45 million views and 4.2 million likes on a video application.
Having worked in China’s “Porcelain Capital (瓷都)” Jingdezhen in East China’s Jiangxi Province for 14 years, Wang said he had once seen the world’s biggest ceramic here but he had never seen the smallest, so he decided one day to try something different—making micro porcelain.
Things were not easy in the beginning, and many people doubted him. “They called me crazy and mocked me when I went to factories and asked them to help make miniature tools for me to create micro pottery. Even my wife did not support me,” Wang said.
However, Wang did not give up and after about half a year of experimentation, Wang finally made miniature tools on his own and was able to complete his first miniature porcelain—a vase.
According to Wang, the key to making a miniature ceramic work is concentration and a pair of steady hands. After numerous attempts, Wang found that the smallest works he could get were about 2 millimeters in size. “It would probably miss my original intention if I made micro pottery using a microscope, so I have focused more attention on making the smaller pieces more beautiful and complex,” said Wang.
The smallest vase that Wang has made is a bowl only 2 millimeters tall, 3 millimeters wide and 1 millimeter thick. Wang says he plans to apply for the Guinness World Records for the world’s smallest pottery work.
5．What inspired Wang Wenhua to make micro porcelain
A．The high expectations of the viewers.
B．The popularity of his videos on a video application.
C．His decision to make something different.
D．The responsibility of the founder of the studio.
6．Which words can best describe Wang Wenhua
A．Ambitious and wise. B．Brilliant and wealthy.
C．Talented and stubborn. D．Determined and focused.
7．What plays a significant role in Wang producing a miniature ceramic work
A．Using a microscope in his work. B．Advanced tools made by himself.
C．Carrying out numerous experiments. D．Attention on a thing and steady hands.
8．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Art. B．Fashion. C．Education. D．Psychology.
【答案】5．C 6．D 7．D 8．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微型陶瓷工作室的创始人王文华开始制作微瓷器的原因以及经过。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Having worked in China’s “Porcelain Capital” Jingdezhen in East China’s Jiangxi Province for 14 years, Wang said he had once seen the world’s biggest ceramic here but he had never seen the smallest, so he decided one day to try something different — making micro porcelain. (在中国东部江西省的“瓷都”景德镇工作了14年之后，王说他曾经在这里看到过世界上最大的陶瓷，但从未见过最小的，所以有一天他决定尝试不同的东西——制作微瓷器)”可知，王文华做微瓷器是因为他决定做一些不同的东西。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, Wang did not give up and after about half a year of experimentation, Wang finally made miniature tools on his own and was able to complete his first miniature porcelain — a vase. (然而，王并没有放弃，经过大约半年的实验，他终于自己制作了微型工具，并完成了他的第一个微型瓷器——花瓶)”以及第五段中““It would probably miss my original intention if I made micro pottery using a microscope, so I have focused more attention on making the smaller pieces more beautiful and complex, ”said Wang. (“如果我用显微镜制作微陶器，可能会错过我的初衷，所以我把更多的注意力放在让小陶器更漂亮、更复杂上，”王说)”可推知，王文华有决心和专注。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据第五段中“According to Wang, the key to making a miniature ceramic work is concentration and a pair of steady hands. (据王说，制作微型陶瓷作品的关键是专注和一双稳定的手)”可知，在制作微型陶瓷作品的过程中，专注一件事情和手稳起着重要的作用。故选D。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“As the founder of a miniature ceramics studio, Wang Wenhua never expected that his work would surprise viewers in China let alone those abroad, and that his short videos would earn over 45 million views and 4.2 million likes on Douyin, the Chinese version of Tik Tok. (作为一家微型陶瓷工作室的创始人，王文华从未想到自己的作品会让国内观众感到惊讶，更不用说国外了。他的短视频在中国版抖音上获得了4500万点击量和420万点赞)”结合文章主要介绍了微型陶瓷工作室的创始人王文华开始制作微瓷器的原因以及经过。可推知，这篇文章可能出现在报纸的“艺术”版面。故选A。
C
Officials from Brazil’s Indigenous (原住民) protection agency approached the hut in the middle of the Amazon rainforest. They were witnessing the first recorded dying out of an uncontacted tribe in the country’s history.
The man lying there, the last member of his tribe, had died and with him an entire culture and answers to a thousand questions.
Even his name was a mystery. He was known only as “the Man of the Hole” because of the dozens of holes he had dug over the years in his territory. His age, too, could only be guessed at. He appeared to be about 60, officials said.
It was a sad milestone for a country that in recent years has seen protections for Indigenous groups undermined by an administration that has prioritized (优先) development of the Amazon over conservation.
In Rondonia, the only resident of the 8,000-hectare area lived in complete isolation for at least 26 years after the rest of his group was killed by ranchers (农场主) advancing the agricultural frontier.
Brazil’s Indigenous protection agency, Funai, made direct contact with the last surviving man only in 1996. Marcelo dos Santos, an Indigenous expert, said he was found hiding in his hut. “We tried to establish a conversation and offered corn and arrows, but he was terrified and very aggressive (具有攻击性). From this moment on, we had to respect his isolation.”
Even with protections in place, the territory suffered widespread deforestation up until about 13 years ago. Attacks on the last surviving man continued, as well, including one by armed gunmen in 2009, according to local news reports.
“For me, he was somehow incredible: to be able to survive on his own, not speak to anybody and avoid all contact maybe out of grief or determination,” said Fionad Watson, a research director at Survival International, a London-based rights organization.
9．What did the death of “the Man of the Hole” suggest
A．An uncontacted tribe went extinct. B．An entire culture would be recorded.
C．The secrets around him would be unearthed. D．The protection agency was unwilling to rescue him.
10．The underlined word “undermined” in para. 4 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A．strengthened B．monitored C．sought D．weakened
11．What happened to “the Man of the Hole” in 1996
A．He made the protection agency’s approach a failure.
B．He witnessed the most severe deforestation in history.
C．He escaped being shot by a group of aggressive gunmen.
D．He learned more survival skills with arrows offered by Funai.
12．What did Fiona Watson regard “the Man of the Hole” as
A．A mystery B．An evolution C．A wonder D．A fortune
【答案】9．A 10．D 11．A 12．C
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。巴西的亚马逊雨林中部的一个部落随着其最后一个成员的离世而消失了，文章分析了其中的原因，指出了巴西政府对于保护土著群体的不作为。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“When officials from Brazil’s Indigenous (原住民) protection agency approached the hut in the middle of the Amazon rainforest, their fears were confirmed: They were witnessing the first recorded dying out of an uncontacted tribe in the country’s history. (当巴西土著保护机构的官员接近亚马逊雨林中部的小屋时，他们的担忧得到了证实：他们正在目睹该国历史上第一次有记录的与世隔绝的部落死亡。)”，第二段“The man lying there, the last member of his tribe, had died, and with him an entire culture and answers to a thousand questions. (躺在那里的那个人，他部落的最后一个成员，已经死了，随着他的死，整个文化和成千上万个问题的答案也都死了)”可知，随着这个男子的离世，一个与世隔绝的部落灭绝了。故选A。
10．词句猜测题。根据第四段“It was a sad milestone for a country that in recent years has seen protections for Indigenous groups undermined by an administration that has prioritized development of the Amazon over conservation. (这对一个国家来说是一个悲伤的里程碑，因为近年来，政府将亚马逊的开发置于保护之上，undermined对土著群体的保护)”可知，政府优先考虑开发亚马逊，而不是对这个地方的保护，因此削弱了对土著群体的保护，从而导致土著群体的消失，致使悲剧发生，划线词意为“削弱”，与weakened意思相近。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据第六段“Brazil’s Indigenous protection agency, Funai made direct contact with the last surviving man only in 1996. Marcelo dos Santos, an Indigenous expert, who led the Funai exploit that met the man, said he was found hiding in his hut. ‘We tried to establish a conversation and offered corn and arrows, but he was terrified and very aggressive. From this moment on, we had to respect his isolation.’ (巴西土著保护机构Funai直到1996年才与最后一位幸存者取得了直接联系。马塞洛·多斯桑托斯是一位土著专家，他领导了Funai的开发工作，遇到了这名男子，他说，他被发现藏在他的小屋里。‘我们试图建立对话，并提供玉米和箭，但他吓坏了，非常有攻击性。从这一刻起，我们必须尊重他的孤独。’)”可知，保护机构想要提供玉米和箭，洞人有攻击性，所以对方尊重他的孤独，即保护失败。1996年，洞人让保护机构的做法失败了。故选A项。
12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“For me, he was somehow a miracle: to be able to survive on his own, not speak to anybody and avoid all contact maybe out of grief or determination (对我来说，他在某种程度上是一个奇迹：能够独自生存，不与任何人说话，避免一切接触，也许是出于悲伤或决心)”可知，这个被称之为洞人的男子，在他的部落成员被外人杀害之后，与外界老死不相往来，一人独自守着8000公顷的土地，还被多次袭击，Fiona Watson认为洞人是一个奇迹。故选C。
