Book 3 Unit 4 Space Exploration
Period 1 Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.单词认读关(先填后记诵)
基础词汇记其形
1. 回收利用___________________________ 2. 肌肉，实力，影响力___________________
3. 缺乏，短缺__________________________ 4. 否则，要不然________________________
5. 在更远处，超出______________________ 6. 当前的，水流，电流，思潮______________
7. 足够的，充足的_____________________ 8. 毛巾，抹布__________________________
9. 纸巾，（细胞的）组织__________________10. 设施，设备_________________________
【答案】
1. recycle
2. muscle
3. lack
4. otherwise
5. beyond
6. current
7. sufficient
8. towel
9. tissue
10. facility
11. globe
12. argument
13. shallow
14. pattern
15. monitor
16. resource
17. limited
18. regular
19. attach
20. analysis
二、核心词汇记中变
____________ adj．有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的(=________=_________=_________=_________)→_____________ n.智力；才智；智慧
____________ adj．有决心的；意志坚定的→_____________ vt.查明；确定；决定→_____________ n.决心
____________ n．（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处→_____________ n.（企业、政治等的）代理人，经纪人
___________ adj.失望的；沮丧的→___________ adj.令人失望的→___________ vt.使失望→_____________n.失望 ________vt.使抑郁;使沮丧
_____________ adv．独立地；自立地→_____________ adj．独立的；自立的→____________n.独立→____________ adj.依靠的，依赖的→____________n.信赖，依赖→___________v.依靠；依赖 短语：依赖，依靠：_______/______/______/______ _____/______
_________vt.＆vi.标志着;标明;发信号n.信号；标志→_________ n.迹象；手势v.签（名）；打手势→___________ n. 签名, 签字
____________ vt．回收利用;再利用→____________n.再循环→_________ n.循环;自行车vt.使循环;使轮转vi.骑自行车;循环;轮转
___________ adj．当前的；现在的n.水流；电流；思潮→___________ adv.现时；目前；当前；时下=____________=___________
___________n．地球；世界；地球仪→____________ adj．全球的；全世界的→_____________v.使全球化→____________n.全球化
__________ vt．＆vi．论证；争辩；争论→_____________n.争论；争吵；论点 注意:argue变成名词需要去____再加_______
intelligent adj．有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的(=wise=brilliant=clever=smart)→ intelligence n.智力；才智；智慧
determined adj．有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明；确定；决定→ determination n.决心
agency n．（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处→agent n.（企业、政治等的）代理人，经纪人
disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→ disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointment n.失望 depress vt.使抑郁；使沮丧
independently adv.独立地;自立地→ independent adj.独立的;自立的→ independence n.独立→ dependent adj.依靠的,依赖的→dependence n.信赖,依赖→depend v.依靠;依赖 短语:依赖,依靠：depend/rely/lean/count on/upon
signal vt.＆vi.标志着;标明;发信号n.信号;标志→sign n.迹象；手势v.签（名）；打手势→signature n. 签名, 签字
recycle vt．回收利用;再利用→recycling n.再循环→ cycle n.循环;自行车vt.使循环;使轮转vi.骑自行车;循环;轮转
current adj．当前的；现在的n.水流；电流；思潮→ currently adv.现时；目前；当前；时下=recently=lately
globe n．地球；世界；地球仪→global adj．全球的；全世界的→globalize v.使全球化→globalization n.全球化
argue vt．＆vi．论证；争辩；争论→argument n.争论；争吵；论点 注意:argue变成名词需要去e再加ment
三、阅读词汇识其义
1. solar adj. ____________
2. universe n. ____________
3. giant adj. ____________ n. ____________
4. oxygen n. ____________
5. monitor n. ____________ vt. ____________
6. agency n. ____________
7. transmit vt. & vi. ____________
8. data n.[pl.] ____________
9. spacecraft n. ____________
10. current adj. ____________ n. ____________
11. sufficient adj. ____________
12. facility n. ____________
13. pattern n. ____________
14. high-end adj. ____________
1. 太阳的；太阳能的 2. 宇宙；天地万物 3. 巨大的；伟大的; 巨人；巨兽；伟人 4. 氧；氧气
5. 监视器；监测仪; 监视；监测；监控 6. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处 7. 传输；发送
8. 资料；数据 9. 航天器；宇宙飞船 10. 前的；现在的; 水流；电流；思潮 11. 足够的；充足的 12. 设施；设备 13. 模式；图案；模范 14. 高端的
Ⅱ.语块记诵关(先填后记诵)
1.最后_____________________________________
2.所以，结果(是)_____________________________________
3.在（宇宙飞船/船/飞机）上_____________________________________
4.耗尽，用完_____________________________________
5.养活他的家人_____________________________________
6.弄清楚_____________________________________
7.导致，造成_____________________________________
8.继续做，坚持干_____________________________________
9.为了_____________________________________
10.太阳系_____________________________________
11.相信_____________________________________
12.专注于_____________________________________
13.各种各样的_____________________________________
14.与某人争吵_____________________________________
15.成功做……_____________________________________
16.提供生活所需_____________________________________
17.在……方面取得进步_____________________________________
18.抱着……的希望_____________________________________
答案：
1.in closing
2.as a result/ consequently/ in consequence
3.on board
4.run out/use up
5.provide for/support his family
6.figure out
7. result in/lead to/bring about
8.carry on/keep on/continue
9.so as to do sth/in order to do sth
10.solar system
11.believe in
12.focus on
13.all kinds of/a variety of
14.argue/quarrel with sb
15.succeed in doing sth
16.provide for sb
17.make progress in
18.in the hope of doing sth
Ⅲ.佳句赏析关(先赏后译)
.[教材原文]...Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
【难句剖析】句中的 to go into space 是不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the first person。句型Sb./Sth. be/become the first...to do... 意为“某人/ 某物是第一个做……的……”。
【翻译】 ……尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
[教材原文]These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.
【难句剖析】 make+宾语+宾语补足语
【翻译】这些灾难使人倍感伤心与失望，但是探索宇宙的渴望永不磨灭。
Step 1 Pre reading
Before you read the passage，look at the title and the photos，then discuss these questions.
Predict:
SPACE：THE FINAL FRONTIER
Frontier： (1)__________，which might mean human’s
(2)_____________________________________.
Chinese meaning：(3)___________________
From the title and the photos, we can know that the text
might be about (4)_________________________________.
So it may be a(n) (5)________________________.
【答案】(1)_the border； (2)_recognition edge or exploration edge；(3)_太空：最后的边境；(4)the development of space exploration； (5)popular science article
Step 2 While reading
Task 1: Fast reading
1). Several sentences have been removed from the text. Read the sentences and think about the following questions. Then read the text and choose the correct sentence (A~D) to fill each gap.
A. Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen.
B. They also really wish to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.
C. The future of space exploration remains bright.
D. After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth’s gravity.
【答案】BDAC
Summarize the main idea with each paragraph.
Para1: _________________________________________________________________________
Para2:_________________________________________________________________________
Para3:_________________________________________________________________________
Para4:_________________________________________________________________________
Para5:_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Para1: People’s desire to learn more about space.
Para2: The achievements that the USSR and American made..
Para3: Humans continue space exploration despite the huge risk.
Para4: China has made great progress in space exploration..
Para15: The future of space exploration remains bright..
Task 2: Intensive reading
Read para. 1 and discuss the following questions.
(1)What do people want to do when looking up at the stars
_________________________________________________________________________
(2)Why do scientists make vehicles
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
(1)They want to learn more about space.
(2)To carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.
2. Choose the right event to complete the timeline.
A. American Voyager 1 was launched to study deep space and it still transmits data today.
B. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
C. China has made progress, such as sending people into space and vehicles onto the moon and completing the Chinese spacewalk.
D. The Sputnik 1 satellite launched by the USSR successfully orbited around Earth.
E. Europe, the US, and China plan to explore planets like Mars and Jupiter.
F. Most people thought it was impossible to travel into space.
G. American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon.
【答案】
Read para. 3 and answer the questions.
(1) Why did the desire to explore the universe never die
_________________________________________________________________________
(2)What does the international Space Station do
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
(1)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration.
(2)It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board, providing a continuous human presence in space.
4. Read para. 4 and do the match.
Vehicles Missions
1. Shenzhou 5
2. Shenzhou 6
3. Shenzhou 7
4. Jade Rabbit
5. Tiangong 2
6. Tianzhou 1
7. Chang'e 4
A. Studied the surface of the moon.
B. Furthered the establishment of a space station.
C. Completed a second manned orbit.
D. Explored the surface of the far side of the moon.
E. Independently sent humans into space.
F. Completed the first Chinese spacewalk.
G. Docked with Tiangong 2.
【答案】ECFABGD
5. Read para. 5 and choose the correct answer.
1. What attitude do you think the author holds to the future of space exploration
A.worried B.supportive C.doubtful D.opposed
【答案】A
Step 3 Post reading
What does the title “Space: The Final Frontier” mean to you Share your ideas with the whole class.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】While I support space exploration, I don’t think space is the final frontier just yet. There is still much to learn about the Earth, and we are only at the very beginning of new technological breakthroughs involving information technology and AI. There are many scientific and technological frontiers all around us.
What are the benefits and drawbacks of space exploration
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
☆Benefits of space exploration:
Space exploration can help people better understand the universe.
Space exploration can uncover the unknown resources of the universe.
Space exploration can provide a platform for nations to cooperate.
The space technology plays an indispensable role in our daily life, such as communication and transportation technology.
☆Drawbacks of space exploration:
Space exploration is both risky and expensive.
Space exploration implies high levels of waste.
Space exploration can cause mental problems for astronauts.
Part 1 核心词汇
1.【词汇拓展】_________adj.有决心的；坚决的→ _________n.决心
答案：determined，determination
【常用搭配】
determine to do sth. 决定做某事(强调动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth. 就(做)某事做出决定 be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(强调状态) determine that ... 决定……
【即学即练】
1.No matter what happens, she has determined_________(tell) the truth.
2.I am determined _________ (make) use of my spare time to do exercise.
3._______(determine) to look after his parents well, he moved to live with them.
4.I have determined on______ (go) to the countryside after graduation.
5.我已决定毕业后到农村支教。
I_____________________________a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
答案：1.to tell 2.to make 3.Determined 4.going 5.have determined on/upon working as
2.【词汇拓展】_________ vt. 使失望;使沮丧;使(希望、计划等)落空;挫败→ _________adj.失望的；沮丧的→ _________ adj.令人失望的；扫兴的→ _________n.(不可数)失望;挫折
答案：disappoint, disappointed, disappointing, disappointment
【常用搭配】
(be) disappointed at/about/with 对……感到失望 (be) disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望 (be) disappointed that从句 对……感到失望 to one's disappointment 令人失望的是
【即学即练】
1.He was ______________ ( disappoint) that other guests were not coming.
2.I'm really disappointed ____________you,Tom.
3.I was disappointed___________not finding her at home.
4.He was disappointed _______ (learn) that his application was refused.
5.他没有通过考试，这个令人扫兴的消息让我们感到非常失望。
The disappointing news that he failed the exam______________________.
6.让我们非常失望的是,这次旅行天天下雨。
__________________________, it rained every day during the trip.
答案：1.disappointed 2.with/in 3.at 4.to learn 5.made us very disappointed
6.To our great disappointment
3.【词汇拓展】 _________n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→ _________adj.想要的；可取的；值得拥有的
答案：desire, desirable
【常用搭配】
have a strong desire to do sth. 迫切想要做某事 have a strong desire for sth. 急于想得到某物 desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事 desire that...(should) do sth. 渴望……
【知识拓展】
desire不用于进行时态。意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
【即学即练】
1.I had a strong desire ______(reach)in and play with the toy, but was held back thankfully by the shop window.
2.It's our desire________ you should provide some money to fund our program, as well as offer us some practical suggestions.
3.We always desire_________ (live) in peace with our neighbours.
4.We desire that immediate help________(give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.
答案：1.to reach 2.that 3.to live 4.(should) be given
4.【词汇拓展】 _________adj.依靠的，依赖的→_________ n.独立；自主→ _________ adv.独立地；自立地
答案：dependent, independence, independently
【常用搭配】
be independent of 独立于；不受……约束 gain independence (from) (脱离……)获得独立 be dependent on 依靠，依赖 depend on(＝rely on) 依靠，依赖
【即学即练】
1.It was the first time that he had lived ________________(independent).
2.警方应该不受政府的直接控制。
The police force________________________ direct government control.
3.这个国家在1960年完全独立于英国，当时人们无法掩饰他们的激动之情。
The country____________________ Britain in 1960，when people couldn't hide their excitement.
4.航班什么时候起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。
When the delayed flight will take off ___________________.
答案：1.independently 2.should be independent of 3.gained full independence from
4.depends much on the weather
5.signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
【常用搭配】
a signal for sb to do sth 一个让某人做某事的信号 signal to sb to do sth 向某人示意做某事 signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 signal (sb.) that 示意…… signal ... to sb. 向某人示意…… traffic signals 交通信号灯
【即学即练】
1.She_________ (signal) that she was about to turn left.
2.My mother is signalling to me_______ (remove) the table.
3.当我把手指放在嘴唇上时，那是让你们安静的信号。
When I put my finger to my lips, ________________________.
4.警察向来往车辆打信号，示意缓慢前行。
The police_______________________ move forward slowly.
答案：1.signalled 2.to remove 3.it's a signal for you to be quiet 4.signaled the traffic to
6.【词汇拓展】 _________n．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏→ _________ adj.短缺的；缺乏的
答案：lack，lacking
【常用搭配】
lack sth. 缺少某物 a lack of... ……的缺乏 for lack of... 因缺乏…… have no lack of... 不缺乏…… be lacking in 缺乏；缺少
【即学即练】
1.缺乏锻炼让你身体虚弱，容易遭受疾病的侵袭。
_______________________ exercise leaves your body wear and easily affected by disease.
2.因为缺乏空间，在大城市里越来越多的高楼大厦已经被建造。
More and more high-rise buildings have been built it big cities ____________________space.
3.吉姆的真正问题是他缺乏自信。
Jim's real problem is that he_________________________.
4.缺少知识的处境比黑夜更黑暗。
_________________________is darker than night.
答案：1.A lack of/Lack of 2.for lack of 3.lacks confidence 4.Lack of knowledge
disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的→_______________ adj. 令人失望的→_______________ vt. 使失望→_________________ n. 失望
be disappointed at/about/with sth.对……感到失望
bitterly disappointed 透心凉；心寒
【即学即练】
I was very_____________(disappoint) with myself. 我对自己感到非常失望。
The conclusion of the book was _____________(disappoint). 这部书的结尾令人失望。
I hate ______________(disappoint) you, but I'm just not interested. 我不想使你扫兴，但我确实不感兴趣。
To our great _________________(disappoint) , it rained every day of the trip. 这次旅行天天下雨，让我们大失所望。
【答案】disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj. 令人失望的→disappoint vt. 使失望→disappointment n. 失望
be disappointed at/about/with sth.对……感到失望
bitterly disappointed 透心凉；心寒
I was very disappointed with myself. 我对自己感到非常失望。
The conclusion of the book was disappointing. 这部书的结尾令人失望。
I hate to disappoint you, but I'm just not interested. 我不想使你扫兴，但我确实不感兴趣。
To our great disappointment , it rained every day of the trip. 这次旅行天天下雨，让我们大失所望。
keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的→ _________ adv. 敏锐地；强烈地；锐利地
be keen to do sth. 渴望做某事 be keen for sb. to do sth. 极力要求某人做某事 be keen on (doing) sth.喜欢/热衷于（做）某事 be keen on sb. 喜爱某人
Frenchmen ______________ art. They must have a preference for artistic gifts.法国人崇尚艺术，他们一定喜欢艺术性强的礼品吧
They'll _______________ enhance their reputation abroad. 他们会非常渴望提高他们在国外的声誉。
Parents are always keen ______ their children to be successful, making their children very stressful. 父母总是渴望子女出人头地，这让孩子压力很大。
_______________ learning, good at communicating, courageous in undertaking, and brave in innovating. 乐于学习，善于沟通，敢于承担，勇于创新。
She remained ___________(keen) interested in international affairs. 她一直对国际事务有强烈的兴趣。
【答案】
Frenchmen are keen on art. They must have a preference for artistic gifts.法国人崇尚艺术，他们一定喜欢艺术性强的礼品吧
They'll be keen to enhance their reputation abroad. 他们会非常渴望提高他们在国外的声誉。
Parents are always keen for their children to be successful, making their children very stressful. 父母总是渴望子女出人头地，这让孩子压力很大。
Be keen on learning, good at communicating, courageous in undertaking, and brave in innovating. 乐于学习，善于沟通，敢于承担，勇于创新。
She remained keenly interested in international affairs. 她一直对国际事务有强烈的兴趣。
Part 2 核心句型
(教材P40)Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next、the only、the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语；
(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词多是抽象名词，常见的有ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。
[佳句背诵] Beijing has become the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games.
北京成为第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。
[练会]——单句语法填空
①My mother is the first woman in her village to receive (receive) high education.
②As far as I know，Amy was the only person to witness (witness) the car accident.
③It's said that she has the ability to do (do) the challenging work well.
[写美]——完成句子
④她是一个网络红人，也是第一个海外粉丝突破千万的中国视频博主(vlogger)。
She is an online celebrity，who is also the first Chinese vlogger to have more than 10 million fans overseas.
(教材P42)For example, using current technology, it would take over two years to get to the closest planet, Mars, and back.
例如，使用当前的技术，到达最近的行星——火星，之后再返回将需要花费两年多的时间。
It takes...to do sth.做某事需要……
spend some time (in) doing sth.
花费时间做某事
[佳句背诵] (1)However, it took me several days to adjust to the life of the mountain village.
然而，我花了好几天的时间来适应这个山村的生活。
(2)Engineers spent much time and energy developing brilliant solutions.
工程师们花费很多时间和精力来开发完美的解决方案。
[练会]——单句语法填空
①It took him a long time to acquire (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
②Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting (visit) the poor.
[写美]——完成句子
③说实话，说出真相需要很大的勇气。
To be honest, it takes great courage to tell the truth .
Part 1 动词的形式变化和词形转换
With a (determine) look, she moved forward, opening the door and stepping inside.
【答案】determined
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她带着坚定的神情向前走去，打开门，走了进去。由空后look为名词可知，此处为形容词determined“坚定的”作定语修饰改名词，满足句意要求。故填determined。
(disappoint) at failing in the maths exam, John wouldn’t like to talk about it with his parents.
【答案】Disappointed
【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于数学考试不及格，约翰很失望，不想跟他的父母谈论这件事。空格处修饰John应用ed结尾的形容词disappointed作状语，表示人的感觉，意为“感到失望的”，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Disappointed。
3．People say that 18 marks a new chapter in our lives, and that we should become more (dependence).
【答案】independent
【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们说，18岁意味着我们生活中的新篇章，我们应该变得更加独立。根据句意可知，此处意为“独立的”，故应用形容词independent作表语，故填independent。
4．We headed to the girl, (signal) to her that she could take part in the campaign.
【答案】signaling/signalling
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们走向那个女孩，示意她可以参加我们的活动。分析句子结构可知，signal与逻辑主语we构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填signaling或signalling。
5．Having the opportunity to work would make retirement more (intelligent) for many senior citizens.
【答案】intelligent
【详解】考查形容词。句意：对许多老年人来说，拥有工作的机会会使退休生活更加明智。make+名词+形容词“使得某事......”，intelligent的比较级为more intelligent。故填intelligent。
6．It’s a bad loss, but I was (mental) tough.
【答案】mentally
【详解】考查副词。句意：这是一个很大的损失，但我精神上很坚强。分析句子可知，此处应填副词作状语修饰空处后形容词，结合语意可知，此处意为“精神上地”，应用副词mentally。故填mentally。
7．It is fortunate that he has been chosen (represent) our school to compete with other students in the contest.
【答案】to represent
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，他被选中代表我们学校参加比赛。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，be chosen to do sth“被选中做某事”，故填to represent。
8．Such warnings (keep) away from fire should be taken seriously.
【答案】to keep
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种远离火灾的警告应该认真对待。分析句子，句中should be taken为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处使用不定式结构作定语。故填to keep。
9．In my family, my mother is always the first one (get)up.
【答案】to get
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：在我家里，我妈妈总是第一个起床。the first one后接动词不定式作定语。故填to get。
10．The company researched the market demand and decided (launch) their new products.
【答案】to launch
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家公司研究了市场需求，决定推出他们的新产品。decide to do sth.决定做某事，空处需填动词不定式作宾语。故填to launch。
Part 2 课文语法填空
People have always wanted to learn more about space.Before the mid -20th century，most people felt 1.__________(travel) into space was an impossible dream.However,2.____ the help of scientists，people succeeded in realising their dream 3.__________(explore) space.On 4 October 1957，the Sputnik 1 satellite 4.____________(launch) by the USSR.5.________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong，accidents can still happen.These disasters made everyone 6.____________(disappoint)，but people still believe in the importance of 7.________(carry) on space exploration.In 2003，China became the third country to 8._____________(independent) send humans into space.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed 9.___ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk.In spite of the difficulties，scientists hope future 10.___________(discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.
travelling
with
to explore
was launched
Although
Disappointed
carrying
independently
a
discoveries
阅读理解
A
Along with a rising number of space missions by government agencies and private industries, comes a fresh set of problems for Earth: potentially dangerous space junk.
A recent study published in the scientific journal Nature Astronomy concluded “that current practices have a 10 percent chance of one or more deaths over a decade”. In other words, according to researchers from the University of Victoria and the University of British Columbia, there’s roughly a one-in-ten chance that the next decade will witness falling space junk kill someone.
The space junk orbiting the earth is an unfortunate by-product of our desire to explore and document space. According to 2021 figures from NASA and the Department of Defense’s Space Surveillance Data, the agencies were actively tracking more than 27,000 pieces of space junk, most of which are larger than a softball and that casually orbit the planet. While the floating space junk is certainly a problem, not all the objects that went up must come down, and, in fact, a number of pieces simply burn up in the atmosphere. But sometimes those objects, particularly large ones like used rocket attachments, give in to gravity and fall back down to Earth to be dealt with once again by their human makers. Typically, people don’t die or even get injured by this phenomenon — many of the falling pieces crash into the ocean.
They also have to deal with the unsettling feeling of knowing that large rocket pieces can just fall from the sky and that it might affect people in certain parts of the world more than others.
This poses an obvious safety risk to people on the ground. “When some large parts of space junk return to Earth, the parts of their mass survive the heat of atmosphere. Many of the surviving pieces are potentially dangerous, giving serious risks on land, at sea, and to people in airplanes,” the study explains.
1．What is the conclusion of the study published in Nature Astronomy
A．People will see space junk easily in the future.
B．Government agencies and private industries will develop fast.
C．Some people may be hit to death by objects from the space.
D．There will be a 10 percent chance for human to die in 10 years.
2．What can be inferred from the third paragraph
A．Normally we should not worry about space junk.
B．The large space junk will pollute the ocean.
C．The floating space junk will come down finally.
D．The space junk will get burnt in the sky.
3．What might be discussed in the following part of the text
A．How to find space junk.
B．How to deal with space junk.
C．How to inform people of the danger.
D．How to avoid the danger of space junk.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Space Junk Causes Pollution
B．How to Take Back Space Junk
C．Exploring Space Takes in Unfortunate Results
D．Space Junk Puts People at Risk
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了随着政府机构和私营企业进行越来越多的太空任务，地球面临着一个新的问题：潜在的危险太空碎片。一项最近发表在科学期刊《自然天文学》上的研究得出结论，目前的做法在未来十年内有10%的几率造成一人或多人死亡。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In other words, according to researchers from the University of Victoria and the University of British Columbia, there’s roughly a one-in-ten chance that the next decade will witness falling space junk kill someone. (换句话说，根据维多利亚大学和英属哥伦比亚大学的研究人员的研究，在未来十年里，大约有十分之一的机会看到太空垃圾坠落致死。)”可知，有些人可能会被来自太空的物体砸死。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“While the floating space junk is certainly a problem, not all the objects that went up must come down, and, in fact, a number of pieces simply burn up in the atmosphere. (虽然漂浮的太空垃圾确实是个问题，但并非所有上升的物体都必须下降，事实上，一些碎片只是在大气中燃烧。)”以及“Typically, people don’t die or even get injured by this phenomenon — many of the falling pieces crash into the ocean. (通常情况下，人们不会死于这种现象，甚至不会受伤——许多坠落的碎片会坠入海洋。)”可知，虽然太空漂浮垃圾是个问题，但是很多碎片在大气中燃烧了，或者在通常情况，即使有许多太空垃圾碎片坠落，但都坠入了海洋。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““When some large parts of space junk return to Earth, the parts of their mass survive the heat of atmosphere. Many of the surviving pieces are potentially dangerous, giving serious risks on land, at sea, and to people in airplanes,” the study explains. (“当一些大块的太空垃圾返回地球时，它们的质量部分在大气层的高温下幸存下来。许多幸存的碎片都有潜在的危险，对陆地、海上和飞机上的人都有严重的风险，”研究解释说。)”可知，最后一段中指出当一些大块的太空垃圾返回地球时，它们的质量部分在大气层的高温下幸存下来，由此对陆地、海上和飞机上的人都有严重的风险。由此推测下文应该阐述的是如何处理这些太空垃圾。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Along with a rising number of space missions by government agencies and private industries, comes a fresh set of problems for Earth: potentially dangerous space junk. (随着政府机构和私营企业越来越多的太空任务，给地球带来了一系列新的问题：潜在的危险太空垃圾。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述的是随着政府机构和私营企业进行越来越多的太空任务，地球面临着一个新的问题：潜在的危险太空碎片。一项最近发表在科学期刊《自然天文学》上的研究得出结论，目前的做法在未来十年内有10%的几率造成一人或多人死亡。D选项“Space Junk Puts People at Risk (太空垃圾使人类处于危险之中)”概括文章主要内容。故选D。
B
Astronauts traveling in space meet forms of radiation (辐射) that are uncommon on Earth. Some of this radiation has been shown to be harmful to human health. It is linked to cancers and heart problems. Yet a new American study suggests the radiation does not shorten astronauts’ lives.
Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data about male astronauts from the United States. They then compared this data with information about a group of men who are in good health, richer than most Americans and receive good health care — professional athletes. The study found that neither group has higher rates of dying at a young age. In fact, both groups generally live longer than other Americans.
Astronauts are usually well-educated, earn more money and are in better physical conditions than the average Americans. Some earlier research has linked being an astronaut to a lower risk of early death, the researchers noted. The findings were reported in the medical journal Occupational & Environmental Medicine.
Much of the existing research on mortality rates (死亡率) in astronauts has not yet explored the mental and physical demands of this job. There also has not been a lot of research on whether astronauts show what is known as the “healthy worker effect”. This effect leads people with employment of any kind to have fewer medical problems than people who are unable to work, said Robert Reynolds.
Reynolds said, “The challenge has always been to understand if astronauts are as healthy as they would be if they had never gone to space at all. To do this, we need to find a group that is comparable on several important factors (因素).” Considering the similar physical requirements, a group of athletes are selected.
As the result suggests, being exposed to radiation doesn’t lead to an early death for astronauts.
5．How did researchers carry out their study
A．By doing interviews. B．By analyzing some factors.
C．By comparing different data. D．By doing experiments in the lab.
6．What can we learn from the text
A．All radiation is harmful to human health.
B．Athletes tend to be poorer than most Americans.
C．Healthy worker effect makes working people healthier.
D．Research has explored the mental and physical demands of being astronauts.
7．Why are athletes chosen as a comparative group in the study
A．They work in different fields.
B．They both need to be healthy enough.
C．They receive the same diets and exercise.
D．They suffer from the same health problems.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Astronauts — Healthy or Otherwise B．Astronauts Are as Healthy as Athletes
C．Radiation Affects Astronauts’ Health D．Astronauts — Well-Educated and Well-Paid
【答案】5．C 6．C 7．B 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一项研究发现，宇航员在太空中工作时，辐射不会缩短宇航员的寿命。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data about male astronauts from the United States.(研究人员研究了美国男性宇航员近60年的健康记录和其他数据)”可知，该实验是通过比较不同的数据进行的。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This effect leads people with employment of any kind to have fewer medical problems than people who are unable to work, said Robert Reynolds.(罗伯特·雷诺兹说，这种影响导致任何类型的就业人员比那些无法工作的人有更少的健康问题)”可知，从事工作的人比不能工作的人有较少的医疗问题。由此可知，健康的工人效应使得劳动的人们更健康。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Considering the similar physical requirements, a group of athletes are selected.(考虑到相似的体能要求，选择了一组运动员)”可知，运动员和宇航员对体能都有一定的要求，所以选择运动员作为参照对象。故选B项。
8．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Yet a new American study suggests the radiation does not shorten astronauts’ lives.(然而，美国一项新的研究表明，辐射不会缩短宇航员的寿命)”可知，新的研究表明，太空中的辐射不会缩短宇航员的生命，结合下文中的对该研究的分析可知，本文主要是讨论的是宇航员的将康状况如何，所以最好的标题应为“宇航员——健康还是不健康”。故选A项。
二、完形填空
It’s hard being an astronaut’s son, I 1 , everybody expects you to be special or 2 , but I’m just an average student.
I often wonder 3 my father ever had a son like me. I mean he’s so 4 and so good at everything. So I used to dream about doing something spectacular (令人印象深刻的) to 5 my father.
In one class, my teacher 6 a Father’s Day essay contest for us and the winners’ essays would be read in front of all the parents and students. After school I walked home, 7 about my father, who I would write about in my essay.
He sat with me in the 8 when I was a little kid and had a nightmare. He 9 me with a new puppy at my eighth birthday party. To me, he wasn’t a world-famous astronaut, but just my dad.
I wrote about all these 10 in my essay. One of our neighbours said, “I 11 you’ll win the contest, David. You’re the only one in town whose father is an astronaut.” I didn’t want to win 12 because my father was an astronaut.
I won the second prize. When I finished reading my essay, the 13 applauded. I saw my father blowing his nose.
Dad nodded to me, 14 his throat, and put his hand on my shoulder. “Son, this is the 15 moment of my life,” he said.
It was the proudest moment of my life, too. Maybe I’ll never be a great hero or win a Nobel Prize, but just then, it was enough just to be my father’s son.
1．A．doubt B．say C．know D．believe
2．A．strange B．honest C．perfect D．formal
3．A．why B．where C．whether D．when
4．A．normal B．funny C．special D．unique
5．A．shock B．influence C．attract D．impress
6．A．reported B．announced C．claimed D．warned
7．A．caring B．worrying C．thinking D．complaining
8．A．silence B．threat C．horror D．dark
9．A．pleased B．astonished C．supported D．encouraged
10．A．experiments B．incidents C．dreams D．memories
11．A．wish B．guess C．bet D．promise
12．A．merely B．never C．hardly D．nearly
13．A．parents B．audience C．students D．teachers
14．A．cleaned B．blew C．cleared D．opened
15．A．most B．proudest C．smallest D．longest
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者是宇航员的儿子，被很多人羡慕着并且被期望与众不同，作者过去也总想着做些引人注意的事情让父亲印象深刻。但是通过一次作文比赛作者认识到，只要做爸爸的儿子就足够了。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：做宇航员的儿子很难，我知道，每个人都希望你是特别的或完美的，但我只是一个普通的学生。A. doubt怀疑；B. say说；C. know知道；D. believe相信。根据前一句“It’s hard being an astronaut’s son.(做一个宇航员的儿子真难)”可知，此处指的是“我知道，每个人都盼望着你很特别或十全十美”。故选C。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：做宇航员的儿子很难，我知道，每个人都希望你是特别的或完美的，但我只是一个普通的学生。A. strange奇怪的；B. honest诚实的；C. perfect完美的；D. formal正式的。第一句说做宇航员的儿子难，此处解释难的原因：每个人都盼望着你很特别或十全十美。根据or前的special可知指特别或完美的。故选C。
3．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我常想为什么我父亲会有一个像我这样的儿子。A. why为何；B. where在哪里；C. whether是否；D. when何时。根据后一句“I mean he’s so ________ and so good at everything”可知，作者总是想知道父亲为什么会有像他这样的儿子，why引导宾语从句，作原因状语。故选A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我是说他很特别，什么都擅长。A. normal正常的；B. funny有趣的；C. special特别的；D. unique独特的。根据第一段第二句中的“everybody expects you to be special or和”该空后的“so good at everything”可知，作者认为父亲很特别，special意为“特别的”。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我曾经梦想着做些了不起的事给父亲留下深刻的印象。A. shock使……震惊；B. influence影响；C. attract吸引；D. impress使印象深刻。根据该空前的“doing something spectacular”可知此处指的是作者想做一些惊人的举动来给父亲留下深刻的印象。impress sb意为“给某人留下深刻的印象”。故选D。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，老师宣布要在父亲节举办作文比赛，获胜者的作文将在所有家长和学生面前宣读。A. reported报告；B. announced宣布；C. claimed声称；D. warned警告。根据空后的“a Father’s Day essay contest”可知，作者的老师宣布了一个有关父亲节的写作比赛。announce意为“宣布”。故选B。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：放学后，我走回家，想着我的父亲，我将在我的论文中写他。A. caring关心；B. worrying担心；C. thinking思考，想；D. complaining投诉。结合后文“about my father”可知此处指的是，作者在回家的路上，一边走一边想自己的父亲。think about意为“考虑，思考”。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我还是个小孩做噩梦候，他和我一起坐在黑暗中。A. silence沉默；B. threat威胁；C. horror恐怖；D. dark暗处，黑暗。根据空后的“had a nightmare”可知此处指的是，当作者是个小孩子，做噩梦的时候，父亲会陪作者一起坐在黑暗当中。故选D。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我八岁生日聚会上，他送给我一只新的小狗，使我很高兴。A. pleased使高兴；B. astonished使吃惊；C. supported支持；D. encouraged鼓励。根据后文“a new puppy at my eighth birthday party”可知，此处指的是，他用一条新的小狗来逗作者开心。故选A。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把这些回忆都写入了我的作文里。A. experiments实验；B. incidents事件；C. dreams梦想；D. memories记忆。根据上一段描述作者和父亲的过往可知，作者把所有这些记忆都写在了文章当中。故选D。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我打赌你会赢得比赛，大卫。A. wish希望；B. guess猜测；C. bet打赌；D. promise承诺。根据后一句“You’re the only one in town whose father is an astronaut.”可知，邻居确信作者会在比赛中获胜。bet意为“打赌，确信”。故选C。
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不想仅仅因为我父亲是宇航员就赢。A. merely仅仅，只；B. never从不；C. hardly几乎不；D. nearly几乎。根据后文“because my father was an astronaut.”指作者不想仅仅因为父亲是宇航员就赢。故选A。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我读完我的文章时，观众鼓掌。A. parents父母；B. audience观众；C. students学生；D. teachers老师。根据第三段和倒数第二、三段的描述可知，台下除了学生以外，还有老师和家长。故此处指的是观众鼓起掌来。audience意为“观众”。故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：爸爸向我点了点头，清了清嗓子，把手放在我的肩膀上。A. cleaned打扫；B. blew吹；C. cleared清除；D. opened打开。根据前文中的“I saw my father blowing his nose.”可知，父亲擤了擤鼻子，此处则应指他清了清嗓子，把手放在作者的肩膀上对作者说。clear one’s throat意为“清嗓子”。故选C。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：儿子，这是我一生中最自豪的时刻。A. most最多的；B. proudest最自豪的；C. smallest最小的；D. longest最长的。根据下文中的“It was the proudest moment of my life, too．(那也是我一生中最自豪的时刻)”可知，此处指的是这是父亲最骄傲的时刻。故选B。Book 3 Unit 4 Space Exploration
Period 1 Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.单词认读关(先填后记诵)
基础词汇记其形
1. 回收利用___________________________ 2. 肌肉，实力，影响力___________________
3. 缺乏，短缺__________________________ 4. 否则，要不然________________________
5. 在更远处，超出______________________ 6. 当前的，水流，电流，思潮______________
7. 足够的，充足的_____________________ 8. 毛巾，抹布__________________________
9. 纸巾，（细胞的）组织__________________10. 设施，设备_________________________
二、核心词汇记中变
____________ adj．有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的(=________=_________=_________=_________)→_____________ n.智力；才智；智慧
____________ adj．有决心的；意志坚定的→_____________ vt.查明；确定；决定→_____________ n.决心
____________ n．（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处→_____________ n.（企业、政治等的）代理人，经纪人
___________ adj.失望的；沮丧的→___________ adj.令人失望的→___________ vt.使失望→_____________n.失望 ________vt.使抑郁;使沮丧
_____________ adv．独立地；自立地→_____________ adj．独立的；自立的→____________n.独立→____________ adj.依靠的，依赖的→____________n.信赖，依赖→___________v.依靠；依赖 短语：依赖，依靠：_______/______/______/______ _____/______
_________vt.＆vi.标志着;标明;发信号n.信号；标志→_________ n.迹象；手势v.签（名）；打手势→___________ n. 签名, 签字
____________ vt．回收利用;再利用→____________n.再循环→_________ n.循环;自行车vt.使循环;使轮转vi.骑自行车;循环;轮转
___________ adj．当前的；现在的n.水流；电流；思潮→___________ adv.现时；目前；当前；时下=____________=___________
___________n．地球；世界；地球仪→____________ adj．全球的；全世界的→_____________v.使全球化→____________n.全球化
__________ vt．＆vi．论证；争辩；争论→_____________n.争论；争吵；论点 注意:argue变成名词需要去____再加_______
三、阅读词汇识其义
1. solar adj. ____________
2. universe n. ____________
3. giant adj. ____________ n. ____________
4. oxygen n. ____________
5. monitor n. ____________ vt. ____________
6. agency n. ____________
7. transmit vt. & vi. ____________
8. data n.[pl.] ____________
9. spacecraft n. ____________
10. current adj. ____________ n. ____________
11. sufficient adj. ____________
12. facility n. ____________
13. pattern n. ____________
14. high-end adj. ____________
Ⅱ.语块记诵关(先填后记诵)
1.最后_____________________________________
2.所以，结果(是)_____________________________________
3.在（宇宙飞船/船/飞机）上_____________________________________
4.耗尽，用完_____________________________________
5.养活他的家人_____________________________________
6.弄清楚_____________________________________
7.导致，造成_____________________________________
8.继续做，坚持干_____________________________________
9.为了_____________________________________
10.太阳系_____________________________________
11.相信_____________________________________
12.专注于_____________________________________
13.各种各样的_____________________________________
14.与某人争吵_____________________________________
15.成功做……_____________________________________
16.提供生活所需_____________________________________
17.在……方面取得进步_____________________________________
18.抱着……的希望_____________________________________
Ⅲ.佳句赏析关(先赏后译)
.[教材原文]...Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
【难句剖析】____________________________________
【翻译】 ____________________________________
[教材原文]These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.
【难句剖析】____________________________________
【翻译】____________________________________
Step 1 Pre reading
Before you read the passage，look at the title and the photos，then discuss these questions.
Predict:
SPACE：THE FINAL FRONTIER
Frontier： (1)__________，which might mean human’s
(2)_____________________________________.
Chinese meaning：(3)___________________
From the title and the photos, we can know that the text
might be about (4)_________________________________.
So it may be a(n) (5)________________________.
Step 2 While reading
Task 1: Fast reading
1). Several sentences have been removed from the text. Read the sentences and think about the following questions. Then read the text and choose the correct sentence (A~D) to fill each gap.
A. Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen.
B. They also really wish to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.
C. The future of space exploration remains bright.
D. After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth’s gravity.
Summarize the main idea with each paragraph.
Para1: _________________________________________________________________________
Para2:_________________________________________________________________________
Para3:_________________________________________________________________________
Para4:_________________________________________________________________________
Para5:_________________________________________________________________________
Task 2: Intensive reading
Read para. 1 and discuss the following questions.
(1)What do people want to do when looking up at the stars
_________________________________________________________________________
(2)Why do scientists make vehicles
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Choose the right event to complete the timeline.
A. American Voyager 1 was launched to study deep space and it still transmits data today.
B. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
C. China has made progress, such as sending people into space and vehicles onto the moon and completing the Chinese spacewalk.
D. The Sputnik 1 satellite launched by the USSR successfully orbited around Earth.
E. Europe, the US, and China plan to explore planets like Mars and Jupiter.
F. Most people thought it was impossible to travel into space.
G. American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon.
Read para. 3 and answer the questions.
(1) Why did the desire to explore the universe never die
_________________________________________________________________________
(2)What does the international Space Station do
_________________________________________________________________________
(1)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration.
(2)It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board, providing a continuous human presence in space.
4. Read para. 4 and do the match.
Vehicles Missions
1. Shenzhou 5
2. Shenzhou 6
3. Shenzhou 7
4. Jade Rabbit
5. Tiangong 2
6. Tianzhou 1
7. Chang'e 4
A. Studied the surface of the moon.
B. Furthered the establishment of a space station.
C. Completed a second manned orbit.
D. Explored the surface of the far side of the moon.
E. Independently sent humans into space.
F. Completed the first Chinese spacewalk.
G. Docked with Tiangong 2.
5. Read para. 5 and choose the correct answer.
1. What attitude do you think the author holds to the future of space exploration
A.worried B.supportive C.doubtful D.opposed
Step 3 Post reading
What does the title “Space: The Final Frontier” mean to you Share your ideas with the whole class.
_________________________________________________________________________
What are the benefits and drawbacks of space exploration
_________________________________________________________________________
Part 1 核心词汇
1.【词汇拓展】_________adj.有决心的；坚决的→ _________n.决心
【常用搭配】
determine to do sth. 决定做某事(强调动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth. 就(做)某事做出决定 be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(强调状态) determine that ... 决定……
【即学即练】
1.No matter what happens, she has determined_________(tell) the truth.
2.I am determined _________ (make) use of my spare time to do exercise.
3._______(determine) to look after his parents well, he moved to live with them.
4.I have determined on______ (go) to the countryside after graduation.
5.我已决定毕业后到农村支教。
I_____________________________a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
2.【词汇拓展】_________ vt. 使失望;使沮丧;使(希望、计划等)落空;挫败→ _________adj.失望的；沮丧的→ _________ adj.令人失望的；扫兴的→ _________n.(不可数)失望;挫折
【常用搭配】
(be) disappointed at/about/with 对……感到失望 (be) disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望 (be) disappointed that从句 对……感到失望 to one's disappointment 令人失望的是
【即学即练】
1.He was ______________ ( disappoint) that other guests were not coming.
2.I'm really disappointed ____________you,Tom.
3.I was disappointed___________not finding her at home.
4.He was disappointed _______ (learn) that his application was refused.
5.他没有通过考试，这个令人扫兴的消息让我们感到非常失望。
The disappointing news that he failed the exam______________________.
6.让我们非常失望的是,这次旅行天天下雨。
__________________________, it rained every day during the trip.
3.【词汇拓展】 _________n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→ _________adj.想要的；可取的；值得拥有的
【常用搭配】
have a strong desire to do sth. 迫切想要做某事 have a strong desire for sth. 急于想得到某物 desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事 desire that...(should) do sth. 渴望……
【知识拓展】
desire不用于进行时态。意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
【即学即练】
1.I had a strong desire ______(reach)in and play with the toy, but was held back thankfully by the shop window.
2.It's our desire________ you should provide some money to fund our program, as well as offer us some practical suggestions.
3.We always desire_________ (live) in peace with our neighbours.
4.We desire that immediate help________(give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.
4.【词汇拓展】 _________adj.依靠的，依赖的→_________ n.独立；自主→ _________ adv.独立地；自立地
【常用搭配】
be independent of 独立于；不受……约束 gain independence (from) (脱离……)获得独立 be dependent on 依靠，依赖 depend on(＝rely on) 依靠，依赖
【即学即练】
1.It was the first time that he had lived ________________(independent).
2.警方应该不受政府的直接控制。
The police force________________________ direct government control.
3.这个国家在1960年完全独立于英国，当时人们无法掩饰他们的激动之情。
The country____________________ Britain in 1960，when people couldn't hide their excitement.
4.航班什么时候起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。
When the delayed flight will take off ___________________.
5.signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
【常用搭配】
a signal for sb to do sth 一个让某人做某事的信号 signal to sb to do sth 向某人示意做某事 signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 signal (sb.) that 示意…… signal ... to sb. 向某人示意…… traffic signals 交通信号灯
【即学即练】
1.She_________ (signal) that she was about to turn left.
2.My mother is signalling to me_______ (remove) the table.
3.当我把手指放在嘴唇上时，那是让你们安静的信号。
When I put my finger to my lips, ________________________.
4.警察向来往车辆打信号，示意缓慢前行。
The police_______________________ move forward slowly.
6.【词汇拓展】 _________n．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏→ _________ adj.短缺的；缺乏的
【常用搭配】
lack sth. 缺少某物 a lack of... ……的缺乏 for lack of... 因缺乏…… have no lack of... 不缺乏…… be lacking in 缺乏；缺少
【即学即练】
1.缺乏锻炼让你身体虚弱，容易遭受疾病的侵袭。
_______________________ exercise leaves your body wear and easily affected by disease.
2.因为缺乏空间，在大城市里越来越多的高楼大厦已经被建造。
More and more high-rise buildings have been built it big cities ____________________space.
3.吉姆的真正问题是他缺乏自信。
Jim's real problem is that he_________________________.
4.缺少知识的处境比黑夜更黑暗。
_________________________is darker than night.
disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的→_______________ adj. 令人失望的→_______________ vt. 使失望→_________________ n. 失望
be disappointed at/about/with sth.对……感到失望
bitterly disappointed 透心凉；心寒
【即学即练】
I was very_____________(disappoint) with myself. 我对自己感到非常失望。
The conclusion of the book was _____________(disappoint). 这部书的结尾令人失望。
I hate ______________(disappoint) you, but I'm just not interested. 我不想使你扫兴，但我确实不感兴趣。
To our great _________________(disappoint) , it rained every day of the trip. 这次旅行天天下雨，让我们大失所望。
keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的→ _________ adv. 敏锐地；强烈地；锐利地
be keen to do sth. 渴望做某事 be keen for sb. to do sth. 极力要求某人做某事 be keen on (doing) sth.喜欢/热衷于（做）某事 be keen on sb. 喜爱某人
Frenchmen ______________ art. They must have a preference for artistic gifts.法国人崇尚艺术，他们一定喜欢艺术性强的礼品吧
They'll _______________ enhance their reputation abroad. 他们会非常渴望提高他们在国外的声誉。
Parents are always keen ______ their children to be successful, making their children very stressful. 父母总是渴望子女出人头地，这让孩子压力很大。
_______________ learning, good at communicating, courageous in undertaking, and brave in innovating. 乐于学习，善于沟通，敢于承担，勇于创新。
She remained ___________(keen) interested in international affairs. 她一直对国际事务有强烈的兴趣。
Part 2 核心句型
(教材P40)Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next、the only、the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语；
(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词多是抽象名词，常见的有ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。
[佳句背诵] Beijing has become the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games.
北京成为第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。
[练会]——单句语法填空
①My mother is the first woman in her village _____________ (receive) high education.
②As far as I know，Amy was the only person _____________ (witness) the car accident.
③It's said that she has the ability _____________ (do) the challenging work well.
[写美]——完成句子
④她是一个网络红人，也是第一个海外粉丝突破千万的中国视频博主(vlogger)。
She is an online celebrity，who is also _______________________________________ overseas.
(教材P42)For example, using current technology, it would take over two years to get to the closest planet, Mars, and back.
例如，使用当前的技术，到达最近的行星——火星，之后再返回将需要花费两年多的时间。
It takes...to do sth.做某事需要……
spend some time (in) doing sth.
花费时间做某事
[佳句背诵] (1)However, it took me several days to adjust to the life of the mountain village.
然而，我花了好几天的时间来适应这个山村的生活。
(2)Engineers spent much time and energy developing brilliant solutions.
工程师们花费很多时间和精力来开发完美的解决方案。
[练会]——单句语法填空
①It took him a long time _____________ (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
②Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time _____________ (visit) the poor.
[写美]——完成句子
③说实话，说出真相需要很大的勇气。
To be honest, _______________________________________ .
Part 1 动词的形式变化和词形转换
With a (determine) look, she moved forward, opening the door and stepping inside.
(disappoint) at failing in the maths exam, John wouldn’t like to talk about it with his parents.
3．People say that 18 marks a new chapter in our lives, and that we should become more (dependence).
4．We headed to the girl, (signal) to her that she could take part in the campaign.
5．Having the opportunity to work would make retirement more (intelligent) for many senior citizens.
6．It’s a bad loss, but I was (mental) tough.
7．It is fortunate that he has been chosen (represent) our school to compete with other students in the contest.
8．Such warnings (keep) away from fire should be taken seriously.
9．In my family, my mother is always the first one (get)up.
10．The company researched the market demand and decided (launch) their new products.
Part 2 课文语法填空
People have always wanted to learn more about space.Before the mid -20th century，most people felt 1.__________(travel) into space was an impossible dream.However,2.____ the help of scientists，people succeeded in realising their dream 3.__________(explore) space.On 4 October 1957，the Sputnik 1 satellite 4.____________(launch) by the USSR.5.________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong，accidents can still happen.These disasters made everyone 6.____________(disappoint)，but people still believe in the importance of 7.________(carry) on space exploration.In 2003，China became the third country to 8._____________(independent) send humans into space.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed 9.___ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk.In spite of the difficulties，scientists hope future 10.___________(discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.
阅读理解
A
Along with a rising number of space missions by government agencies and private industries, comes a fresh set of problems for Earth: potentially dangerous space junk.
A recent study published in the scientific journal Nature Astronomy concluded “that current practices have a 10 percent chance of one or more deaths over a decade”. In other words, according to researchers from the University of Victoria and the University of British Columbia, there’s roughly a one-in-ten chance that the next decade will witness falling space junk kill someone.
The space junk orbiting the earth is an unfortunate by-product of our desire to explore and document space. According to 2021 figures from NASA and the Department of Defense’s Space Surveillance Data, the agencies were actively tracking more than 27,000 pieces of space junk, most of which are larger than a softball and that casually orbit the planet. While the floating space junk is certainly a problem, not all the objects that went up must come down, and, in fact, a number of pieces simply burn up in the atmosphere. But sometimes those objects, particularly large ones like used rocket attachments, give in to gravity and fall back down to Earth to be dealt with once again by their human makers. Typically, people don’t die or even get injured by this phenomenon — many of the falling pieces crash into the ocean.
They also have to deal with the unsettling feeling of knowing that large rocket pieces can just fall from the sky and that it might affect people in certain parts of the world more than others.
This poses an obvious safety risk to people on the ground. “When some large parts of space junk return to Earth, the parts of their mass survive the heat of atmosphere. Many of the surviving pieces are potentially dangerous, giving serious risks on land, at sea, and to people in airplanes,” the study explains.
1．What is the conclusion of the study published in Nature Astronomy
A．People will see space junk easily in the future.
B．Government agencies and private industries will develop fast.
C．Some people may be hit to death by objects from the space.
D．There will be a 10 percent chance for human to die in 10 years.
2．What can be inferred from the third paragraph
A．Normally we should not worry about space junk.
B．The large space junk will pollute the ocean.
C．The floating space junk will come down finally.
D．The space junk will get burnt in the sky.
3．What might be discussed in the following part of the text
A．How to find space junk.
B．How to deal with space junk.
C．How to inform people of the danger.
D．How to avoid the danger of space junk.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Space Junk Causes Pollution
B．How to Take Back Space Junk
C．Exploring Space Takes in Unfortunate Results
D．Space Junk Puts People at Risk
B
Astronauts traveling in space meet forms of radiation (辐射) that are uncommon on Earth. Some of this radiation has been shown to be harmful to human health. It is linked to cancers and heart problems. Yet a new American study suggests the radiation does not shorten astronauts’ lives.
Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data about male astronauts from the United States. They then compared this data with information about a group of men who are in good health, richer than most Americans and receive good health care — professional athletes. The study found that neither group has higher rates of dying at a young age. In fact, both groups generally live longer than other Americans.
Astronauts are usually well-educated, earn more money and are in better physical conditions than the average Americans. Some earlier research has linked being an astronaut to a lower risk of early death, the researchers noted. The findings were reported in the medical journal Occupational & Environmental Medicine.
Much of the existing research on mortality rates (死亡率) in astronauts has not yet explored the mental and physical demands of this job. There also has not been a lot of research on whether astronauts show what is known as the “healthy worker effect”. This effect leads people with employment of any kind to have fewer medical problems than people who are unable to work, said Robert Reynolds.
Reynolds said, “The challenge has always been to understand if astronauts are as healthy as they would be if they had never gone to space at all. To do this, we need to find a group that is comparable on several important factors (因素).” Considering the similar physical requirements, a group of athletes are selected.
As the result suggests, being exposed to radiation doesn’t lead to an early death for astronauts.
5．How did researchers carry out their study
A．By doing interviews. B．By analyzing some factors.
C．By comparing different data. D．By doing experiments in the lab.
6．What can we learn from the text
A．All radiation is harmful to human health.
B．Athletes tend to be poorer than most Americans.
C．Healthy worker effect makes working people healthier.
D．Research has explored the mental and physical demands of being astronauts.
7．Why are athletes chosen as a comparative group in the study
A．They work in different fields.
B．They both need to be healthy enough.
C．They receive the same diets and exercise.
D．They suffer from the same health problems.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Astronauts — Healthy or Otherwise B．Astronauts Are as Healthy as Athletes
C．Radiation Affects Astronauts’ Health D．Astronauts — Well-Educated and Well-Paid
二、完形填空
It’s hard being an astronaut’s son, I 1 , everybody expects you to be special or 2 , but I’m just an average student.
I often wonder 3 my father ever had a son like me. I mean he’s so 4 and so good at everything. So I used to dream about doing something spectacular (令人印象深刻的) to 5 my father.
In one class, my teacher 6 a Father’s Day essay contest for us and the winners’ essays would be read in front of all the parents and students. After school I walked home, 7 about my father, who I would write about in my essay.
He sat with me in the 8 when I was a little kid and had a nightmare. He 9 me with a new puppy at my eighth birthday party. To me, he wasn’t a world-famous astronaut, but just my dad.
I wrote about all these 10 in my essay. One of our neighbours said, “I 11 you’ll win the contest, David. You’re the only one in town whose father is an astronaut.” I didn’t want to win 12 because my father was an astronaut.
I won the second prize. When I finished reading my essay, the 13 applauded. I saw my father blowing his nose.
Dad nodded to me, 14 his throat, and put his hand on my shoulder. “Son, this is the 15 moment of my life,” he said.
It was the proudest moment of my life, too. Maybe I’ll never be a great hero or win a Nobel Prize, but just then, it was enough just to be my father’s son.
1．A．doubt B．say C．know D．believe
2．A．strange B．honest C．perfect D．formal
3．A．why B．where C．whether D．when
4．A．normal B．funny C．special D．unique
5．A．shock B．influence C．attract D．impress
6．A．reported B．announced C．claimed D．warned
7．A．caring B．worrying C．thinking D．complaining
8．A．silence B．threat C．horror D．dark
9．A．pleased B．astonished C．supported D．encouraged
10．A．experiments B．incidents C．dreams D．memories
11．A．wish B．guess C．bet D．promise
12．A．merely B．never C．hardly D．nearly
13．A．parents B．audience C．students D．teachers
14．A．cleaned B．blew C．cleared D．opened
15．A．most B．proudest C．smallest D．longest
