Book 3 Unit 5 The Value of Money
Period 3 Reading For Writing
Ⅰ.单词认读关(先填后记诵)
一、基础词汇记其形
1.___________________ n .裁缝
2._________________ n .方式;礼仪.
3. ________________ n 楼梯:梯级
4. _______________n.选择:选择权:选修课
5. ________________adj.宽阔的:广阔的
6. _______________ v.允许:准许
7. ____________ adj 外部的:外界的
1.tailor 2.manner 3.stair 4.option 5.broad 6. Permit 7.external
二、核心词汇记中变
1. __________ adj. 外部的;外来的→__________adj.内部的 ______________________成功做成某事
2.__________ n.成功;成就→ __________ adj.成功的;达到目的→__________ vi.成功 vt.& vi.继承,继任,vt.随…之后;继续
3. _________ n.举止;行为方式;方法→_________n.［pl.］礼仪;礼貌 bad ______无礼貌,坏习惯 _____________/_____以…方式
4. _________ n.选择;选择权(=_________=______)→_________ adj.可选择的;随意的=_________
选修课:____________________ 必修课:________________ __________ n.可供选择的事物,选择adj.可替代的,备选的
5. _________ adj.上流社会的;上等阶层的→ _________ adj.上面的;上层的;靠上部的 _________n.级别
6. _________ n.许可;批准;许可证→_________ vt.＆vi.允许;准许;使有可能 过去式过去分词：_________
7._______n.意志;心愿;遗嘱 vt.决心要→_________adj.愿意的→_________adj.不愿意的 愿意做某事：_____________
8.________ adj.宽阔的;广的→________vt.&vi.加宽;扩大 spot 过去式/过去分词:_______t,再加______
9. ________vt.从事;追赶;继续;纠缠→________ n.职业,工作;追赶,追求 追求…:_______________________
10.________ adj.正常的;正规的，标准的→ ________ adj. 反常的, 异常的; 变态的 ________adj.正式的
11. ______vt. & vi. (为…)服务;任(职)→_______ n.服务;服役;仪式→________ n.仆人,公/服务员 _______为某人服务 ________作为…
12. ______vi.＆vt.退休;退出→_____________n.退休→__________adj.退休的
13. __________ vt．回答；回复 vi．做出反应；回应→__________ n．反应；回答；回复 和介词_____搭配
1. external adj.外部的;外来的→internal adj.内部的 succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事
2. success n.成功;成就→ successful adj.成功的;达到目的→succeed vi.成功vt.& vi.继承,继任,vt.随…之后;继续
3. manner n.举止;行为方式;方法→manners n.［pl.］礼仪;礼貌 bad manners 无礼貌,坏习惯 in a…manner/way 以…方式
4. option n.可选择的事物;选择;选择权(=selection=choice)→optional adj.可选择的;随意的=selective
选修课:optional/selective course 必修课:compulsory course alternative n.可供选择的事物,选择adj.可替代的,备选的
5. upper-class adj.上流社会的;上等阶层的→ upper adj.上面的;上层的;靠上部的 class n.级别
6. permission n.许可;批准;许可证→permit v.允许;准许;使有可能 过去式、过去分词:permitted
7. will n.意志;心愿;遗嘱 vt.决心要→willing adj.乐意的;自愿的(to do)→unwilling adj.不愿意的;不情愿的;勉强的
8. broad adj.宽阔的;广的→broaden vt.&vi.加宽;扩大 spot 过去式/过去分词:双写t,再加ed
9. pursue vt.从事;追赶;继续;纠缠→pursuit n.职业,工作;追赶,追求 追求…:in pursuit of…
10. normal adj. 正常的;正规的，标准的→ abnormal adj.反常的,异常的;变态的 formal adj.正式的
11. serve vt. & vi. (为…)服务;任(职)→service n.服务;服役;仪式→servant n.仆人,公/服务员 serve sb.为某人服务 serve as…作为…
12. retire vi.＆vt.退休;退出→retirement n.退休→retired adj.退休的
13. respond vt.回答;回复 vi．做出反应;回应→response n.反应;回答;回复 和介词to搭配
三、阅读词汇识其义
1.ambassador n.
2.upper-class adj.
3.upper adj.
4.saying n.
5.external adj.
6.tailor n. vt.
7.clerk n.
8.downstairs adv.
9.stair n.
10.frown n. & vi.
1.大使;使节;代表 2.上流社会的;上等阶层的 3.上面的;上层的;靠上部的 4.谚语;格言;警句 5.外部的;外面的;外来的6.(男装)裁缝 专门制作;定做 7.职员;文书;店员 8.顺楼梯而下;在楼下;往楼下 9.楼梯;梯级 10.皱眉
Ⅱ.语块记诵关(先填后记诵)
1.上流社会_________________
2.避免做……_________________
3.向……道歉_________________
4.应该；应当_________________
1.the upper class
2.avoid doing sth
3.make an apology to/say sorry to
4.ought to/be supposed to
目标一：
Activity 1: Read the scene quickly and summarize the main idea.
Answer:
In the tailor’s shop, Henry was treated coldly at first because he looked poor and later he was respected, for he showed the large note.
Activity 2: Read the scene and answer the questions.
1 Where does Henry go What does he want
2 What do the clerks show Henry at first Why
3 What makes the people in the store change their attitudes towards Henry
4 Why would the owner be willing to wait for a long time to get paid
5 Is it right to judge people by their clothes Why or why not
Answers:
1 He goes to a tailor’s shop. He wants new clothes.
2 They show him ready-made clothes, because he looks poor and these clothes are cheaper.
3 They change their attitudes after seeing the million-pound note because they think that he is rich.
4 Perhaps he thinks that Henry will come back and buy a lot more clothes in the future or tell his wealthy friends about the shop.
5 No, it is not right for two reasons. First, everyone has dignity and should be treated with the same respect. Second, you can’t judge someone before you know all the facts about this person. Dressing well or having a lot of money doesn’t mean someone is a nice person. Sometimes appearances are deceptive.
Activity 3: Read the scene and answer the questions.
1 What’s the turning point of the story in this scene
2 What happens before and after Henry shows the bank note
3 Use some words to describe people’s changing attitudes towards Henry before and after Henry shows the bank note
Answers:
1 When Henry shows the bank note.
2 Before he shows the bank note:
Henry is showed downstairs.
The clerk gives him a cheap coat.
The clerk becomes angry because Henry can’t pay at once.
After he shows the bank note:
The clerk is shocked.
The owner comes over and changes his attitude at once.
They bring Henry to another part of the shop and begin measuring him.
They are glad to wait a long time to get paid.
3 rude, impatient, angry, look down upon/satirize (讽刺) Henry
over-polite; patient; flattering(奉承的，拍马屁的)
Activity 4: Study the language features.
1 Pick out the sentences that show how people’s attitudes change towards Henry.
2 Read the scene again and find an example for each of the following elements. Then discuss with your partner how to write each element.
character names
narration
stage directions
lines of dialogue
scene
title of play
Answers:
1 (in a rude manner) See him there. (pointing to another clerk)
Ready-made suits Downstairs.
I know what I’m doing. I’ve got eyes, haven’t I
(looking at him with a frown) It’s all we have in your size.
(trying not to show he’s angry) I suppose a gentleman like you only carries very large bills.
The clerk drops Henry’s coat. Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again, as if looking at something he can’t believe is there.
Give him his change, Todd. Get going…
(to Henry) Oh, take off this coat, sir. (to Todd) Go get the others, Todd! (to Henry again) Allow me, sir! This way, sir.
(in another part of the shop, where there is a wide range of options for Henry to choose from.)
Never mind. (with a broad smile)
A long time, sir Why, you don’t have to worry about that!
Yes, we can wait forever!
Fine, fine. Your address, sir
Of course you are! That’s very normal! A busy man, I’m sure.
2
character names: narrator; Henry; 1st clerk, 2nd clerk, 3rd clerk, owner
narration: Henry is walking along the street holding the bank note in his hand. His coat is worn in several places. He sees a sign for a tailor’s shop.
stage direction: entering the shop; in a rude manner; pointing to another clerk; after going down some stairs; pulling the 3rd clerk aside and whispering...
lines of dialogue: I’d like to have a suit coat; See him there; ....Fine, fine. Your address, sir I don’t have one. Er... I’m moving. Of course you are! That’s very normal! A busy man, I’m sure.
scene: ACT 2, SCENE 1
title of play: THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE
目标二：To write a dramatic scene. Activity : Use what you have learnt to write a new scene for the play where Henry will try to use the bank note. Task 1: Work in groups. Brainstorm a place that Henry will go to, and what difficulties he might face. 1 Where will Henry go in your scene of the play in a restaurant at a tailor’s shop Henry will go to the barber’s. 2 What difficulties might he face at the barber’s The barber ignores him or shows him no respect. 3 What might happen after the turning point After Henry shows the barber the bank note, the barber provides him with the best service. Task 2: Work in groups. Finish the following things and write your drafts. A. Make a list of the characters. B. Make an outline of the events in the scene. C. Decide how the characters’ feelings change during the scene. D. Think of an exciting ending. E. Write the dialogue. F. Write the stage directions which tell the actors what to do or how to say something. Task 3: In your group, use this checklist to help you revise the draft. √ Are all the elements of a play included and in good order √ Do the characters use suitable language √ Are the stage directions clear and useful √ Is the plot clear and exciting enough √ Are there any grammar, spelling or punctuation errors Get your draft back and revise it. Task 4: Perform your scene before the class. ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Sample Writing: THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE ACT 2, SCENE 2 Narrator: Henry is smiling as he leaves the tailor’s shop. He looks much better with his new suit. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. In a shop window, he looks at his own hair. Since it’s too long, he decides to get it cut. Henry: Good afternoon, I’d like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber takes one look at Henry and continues cutting another man’s hair.) Er … I’d really like to get a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. Barber: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. Henry: Fine, well, I’ll just have a seat then. (After some time, the barber finishes cutting the other’s man’s hair, take his money, and then turns to look at Henry.) Barber: Looks like it’s been a long time. You must be a sailor. Henry: Er … not quite. But I was at sea for a long time. Barber: All right, then, get in the chair and I’ll see what I can do. Henry: Thank you. Barber: Where did you say you were from Henry: I didn’t, but I’m from San Francisco. Barber: Well, you’re a long way from home. Henry: Yes, too long. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note.) Barber: (looks shocked) Why, Mr. … Henry: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry, I don’t have any small bills. Barber: Why, Mr. Adams, of course you wouldn’t! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about ! Nothing at all. Please come back any time, even if you only need two little hairs cut! It will be my honour to serve you!
Summary: 1 Can you summarize the elements of a play 2 Can you retell the plot in ACT 2, SCENE 1
Part 1 核心词汇
★★broad adj. 宽阔的; 广阔的; 广泛的
*Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands with backaches and painful necks.
人类为其广阔的视野和灵巧的双手付出了背痛和脖子痛的代价。
*But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.
但艺术团体为我们的社区带来了更广泛的价值。
*I spend most of my time reading in the library, where I can open my eyes and broaden my mind.
我大部分时间都在图书馆读书, 在那里我可以开阔我的视野、拓宽我的思维。
【语块积累】
(1)broad smile 灿烂的笑容
(in) broad daylight 光天化日(之下)
(2)broadly adv. 明显地; 宽广地; 广泛地
(3)broaden vt. & vi. (使)扩大; (使)变宽
broaden one’s horizons=open one’s eyes 开阔某人的视野
①The length of this box is twice its ____________ (broad).
②We can ________(broad) our knowledge by reading different articles online.
③伯纳德带着灿烂的笑容走过来了。
Bernard arrived ________________. (broad)
答案：①breadth②broaden ③with a broad smile
★★in case 以防; 以防万一
*He wanted to maintain a good relationship with the
ambassador in case others found out just how poor he really
was.
他想和大使保持良好的关系, 以防别人发现他有多穷。
*The doctor shares his phone number with
the patients in case they need medical assistance.
医生给了病人他的手机号码, 以防病人需要医疗援助。
*In case of fire, run quickly to the nearest door.
如果发生火灾, 就赶快朝最近的门跑。
*In that case, it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.
在那种情况下, 根据评分购买书籍既方便又经济。
【语块积累】
in any case 无论如何, 不管怎样
in case of 万一……, 如果发生……
in no case 决不(放句首时, 主句用部分倒装)
as is often the case 这是常有的事
in that/this case 既然那样/这样; 在那种/这种情况下; 如果是那样/这样的话
★★hesitate vi. 犹豫; 迟疑; 顾虑
*Why does the owner think Henry hesitates to pay the bill
为什么店主认为亨利付账犹豫不决
* If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never hesitates to buy them a meal.
如果一个学生在往返学校的长途车程中感到饿了, 威尔逊会毫不犹豫地为他们买饭。
*He promised there would be no more hesitations in pursuing reforms.
他许诺在推进改革这件事上不再迟疑不决。
【语块积累】
(1)hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事
hesitate about/over/at. . . 对……感到犹豫
(2)hesitation n. 犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事
★★intention n. 打算; 计划; 意图; 目的
*He has announced his intention to retire.
他已经宣布他打算退休。
*I came to London with the intention of studying English literature.
我来伦敦是为了学习英国文学。
*But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him, he did something special.
但当丹尼斯·威廉姆斯收到一条显然不是写给他的短信时, 他做了一件特别的事。
【语块积累】
★★manner n. 举止; 行为方式; 方法 [pl. ]礼貌; 礼仪
*The work should have been done in a more satisfactory manner.
这项工作本来应该用更令人满意的方式来做。
*“Small talk is the basis of good manners, ” he says.
“闲聊是礼貌的基础, ”他说。
*The composition is in the manner of German folk songs.
这首曲子是以德国民歌的风格谱写成的。
*It is good manners to look up to the old.
尊敬老人是有礼貌的表现。
【语块积累】
(1)in a. . . manner=in the manner of . . .
以一种……的方式; 带着一种……的样子
in a manner=in some way=to a certain extent 在一定程度上
in this manner=in this way 用这种方式
all manner of 各种各样的; 形形色色的(人, 东西等)
(2)manners n. 礼貌; 礼仪
good/bad manners 有/没有礼貌
table manners 餐桌礼仪
★★option n. 可选择的事物
*Chinese are enjoying greater convenience in making trips abroad and more visa-free travel options.
中国公民出境旅游更加便利, 免签证旅游选择增多。
*We have no option but to leave the meeting.
除了放弃这次会议, 我们没有别的选择。
*Certain courses are compulsory, while others are optional.
某些课程是必修的, 有些是选修的。
【语块积累】
(1)have no option but to do 除了做……之外别无选择
keep/leave your options open 保留选择余地; 暂不决定
(2)optional adj. 可选择的; 随意的
★★permit vt. &vi. 允许; 准许; 使有可能
permission n. 准许; 许可; 批准; 许可证
*P: Won’t you sit down, please
H: Yes, I’d love to. . . with your permission. Thank you, Miss.
P: 请坐好吗
H: 好的, 我很乐意……在你许可的情况下。谢谢你, 女士。
*With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly.
在她父亲的允许下, 她花了接下来两年的时间在网上搜索并进行试验, 找到了一份既美味又对牙齿有益的食谱。
*Visitors are not permitted to take photographs.
参观者请勿拍照。
*Permit me to offer you my sincere congratulations.
谨致衷心祝贺。
【语块积累】
(1)permit sb. ( to do) sth. 允许某人(做)某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
(2)without permission 未经许可
with one’s permission 如果……允许的话
ask for permission 征求许可; 请求允许
give permission 准许
【名师点津】
与permit一样, 后面直接跟动名词或跟不定式复合结构(sb. to do. . . )的动词还有allow(允许), forbid(禁止), advise((建议), encourage(鼓励)等。
★★willing adj. 愿意; 乐意
be willing to do sth. 愿意或乐意做某事
*Why would the owner be willing to wait for a long time to get paid
为什么店主愿意等很长时间才能拿到钱
*Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.
娜奥美, 一位出色的钢琴家, 是梅利莎最好的朋友, 听说了这件事后表示很乐意去帮忙。
*Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
如果我们愿意用批判的眼光来评价自己, 理解这些原因将控制我们自己的愤怒。
【语块积累】
unwilling adj. 不愿意的
willingly adv. 欣然地; 愿意地, 乐意地
willingness n. 情愿
be unwilling to do 不愿意做某事
Part 2 核心句型
★★It seems that every banker and tailor in the city is eager to meet you.
似乎这个城市的每个银行家和裁缝都很想见你。
【句式解构】
句中it作形式主语, 真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。类似用法的动词和短语还有appear, happen, matter, make a difference等。
*But it seems (that) people have different opinions.
但似乎人们有不同的观点。
*It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
他是否参加会议没有关系。
*It does not matter if I missed my train.
我误了火车没关系。
【名师点津】
It seemed that sb. . . . =sb. seemed to do/have done
It seemed that we got lost, unable to go back to the mountain road.
=We seemed to get lost, unable to go back to the mountain road.
我们似乎迷路了, 无法回到山路上。
★★We should treat everyone we meet for the first time nicely, no matter how they look.
我们应该友好地对待第一次见面的人, 不管他们看起来怎么样。
【句式解构】
(1)no matter how引导让步状语从句, 意为“无论怎样”。
(2)引导让步状语从句时, 疑问词+ever可以和no matter +疑问词互换。但引导名词性从句时, 只能用疑问词+ever。
*No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.
无论你喜欢做什么, 总有一个方法可以参与地球日的各种活动。
*We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us.
我们知道, 无论我们如何努力取悦, 有些人永远不会爱我们。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. They learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，_________________（make）use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉）their fields.
2. The employees of outstanding airlines will act _________________a polite，friendly manner.
3. Once you have made a decision，you had better not_________________（change）your mind.
4. I don’t like racing against time；I would rather _________________（do）my work carefully and well.
5. _________________ that case，you need a way to read in the data files correctly.
6. I remember _________________（meet）her at a party，but I forget her name.
7. If you’re not willing _________________（help）me，I’ll find somebody who will.
8. He’s decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worth _________________（buy）.
答案： 1. making 句意：他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。make use of 和逻辑主语they 之间为主动关系。所以此处用现在分词作状语；且plant 与make 是并列的动作，且planting 已经给出提示，所以抓住主干是解答本题的关键点。
2. in 句意：杰出的航空公司的员工的举止是有礼貌及友善的。in a...manner 以一种……的方式。
3. change 句意：你一旦下了决心，最好不要改变你的想法。had better do 最好做……
4. do 句意：我愿意仔细干工作并把它干好，我不愿匆忙行事。would rather do 宁愿做……
5. In 句意：既然那样，您需要使用一种方法来正确读取数据文件。in that case 既然那样。
6. meeting 句意：我记得在一次聚会上见过她，但忘记了她的名字。remember doing sth. 记得做过某事。
7. to help 句意：如果你不愿意帮我，我会去找别人。be willing to do sth. 乐意做某事。
8. buying 句意：他决定去看看那座房子，看是否值得买。be worth doing 值得做……
Ⅱ. 练通句型
●一句多译
1. 无论任务有多难，我们必须按时完成。
①___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________，we must finish it on time.（however 引导的句子）
②___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________，we must finish it on time.（no matter how 引导的句子）
2. 那个人除了一张百万英镑的钞票外一无所有。
① The man ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ million-pound note.（nothing but）
② The man ___________ ___________ ___________ million-pound note.（only）
3. 你能告诉我我们在什么地方开会吗？
① Can you tell me ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ （where 引导的宾语从句）
②Can you tell me ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ （“疑问词+ to do”结构）
●句式升级
4. The workers in this company get their pay at the end of the month.
→___________________________________________________________________________（get + 过去分词）
5. The old man opened his mouth as if he was going to say something.
→______________________________________________________________________________（as if 省略句）答案：1. ① However difficult the task is
② No matter how difficult the task is however difficult =no matter how difficult，引导让步状语从句。
2. ① had nothing but a
② had only a nothing but = only，只有。
3. ① where we will have the meeting
② where to have the meeting “疑问词+ to do”结构在句中作宾语。
4. The workers in this company get paid at the end of the month. get paid 得到报酬，paid 是过去分词作表语。
5. The old man opened his mouth as if to say something. as if 引导省略句。
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
______ the banknote in his hand and his ______(wear) coat on, Henry entered a __________(tailor) shop. Finding him poorly ________(dress), the clerks in the shop all treated him in a ______ manner. They not only showed him the cheap suit which didn’t quite ___________ for Henry, but also ironically said that only people like Henry carried large notes _________ Henry explained that he would like to pay in a month as he didn’t have any small ___________.
______(face) with such an _________________(embarrass) situation, Henry handed out the note _______ waited patiently for the change. Now came the clerks’ turn to be embarrassed. They immediately changed their attitude _______ broad smiles on their faces. They offered him a wide _________ of options and even promised to d________ the stuffs home.__________ an irony!
Keys:
with; worn; tailor's; dressed; rude; do/work; when; change;Faced; embarrassing; and; with; range; deliver; What
Every fast-food employee knows that the drive-through window is the worst position. It was a freezing afternoon. Drivers 1 to stand outside in the cold and scream their orders into a speaker box. In such cases, most customers tend to take out their 2 on the employees. This woman was a(n) 3 .
“I`ll get the next car’s order as well,” she said as she came up to the window to pay. She 4 outside, gathering snowflakes on her hair and eyelashes. “You can’t take their drinks,” I said, confused and tired. The lady laughed, her cheeks turning red with 5 . “No, but I’ll buy them,” she said. “ 6 it forward and all that.”
Completely shocked, I 7 her as requested, and when the next customer arrived at the window I 8 what had just happened. His facial expression changed like a chain of photographs on a slideshow—first 9 to be out in the cold, then surprised at the random act of 10 and finally, delighted by his luck. “I suppose I’ll pay for the next order then,” he replied, nodding and waving at the 11 driver behind him. He handed over the cash and received his pre-paid 12 .
The trend 13 throughout the entire rush hour. Customers stood at my window emptying a handful of change to buy coffee for a complete 14 . Actually, it only takes one customer, one person, to change the entire flow of traffic. It only takes one moment, one smile, to 15 even the coldest days.
1．A．hate B．refuse C．hesitate D．attempt
2．A．worry B．annoyance C．fear D．stress
3．A．exception B．witness C．employer D．victim
4．A．nodded B．stopped C．stood D．screamed
5．A．hunger B．pain C．tiredness D．cold
6．A．Take B．Pay C．Put D．Look
7．A．charged B．aided C．permitted D．assessed
8．A．presented B．recalled C．explained D．claimed
9．A．confused B．excited C．discouraged D．disturbed
10．A．honesty B．kindness C．bravery D．integrity
11．A．impatient B．ashamed C．polite D．incredible
12．A．sandwich B．drink C．fries D．recipe
13．A．disappeared B．ceased C．continued D．varied
14．A．rider B．individual C．passenger D．stranger
15．A．warm up B．hold on C．put aside D．kick off
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者是一家快餐店的工作人员，亲眼见证了一位女士在寒冷的冬日为后面排队点餐的客人买好饮品，从而激励后面排队的客人逐一将温暖的善举传递下去的故事。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：司机们讨厌站在寒冷的外面，对着扬声器大声喊着他们的订单。A. hate讨厌；B. refuse拒绝；C. hesitate犹豫；D. attempt尝试。根据空前“It was a freezing afternoon.”及空后“to stand outside in the cold and scream their orders into a speaker box.”可知此处指的是天气寒冷，司机们想要买食物，所以他们很讨厌站在寒冷的天气里。故选A项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这种情况下，大多数顾客倾向于把他们的烦恼发泄在员工身上。A. worry担心；B. annoyance烦恼；气恼；C. fear恐惧；D. stress压力。根据空前“Drivers ____1____ to stand outside in the cold and scream their orders into a speaker box. In such cases, most customers tend to take out their”可知此处指的是因为天气寒冷顾客们会把自己的气恼情绪发泄在员工身上。故选B项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个女人是一个例外。A .exception例外；B. witness目击者；证人；C. employer雇主；D. victim受害者。根据下文“I’ll get the next car’s order as well”和下文女人的善举可知，女人和上文说的顾客都不一样，由此可见这位女士是一个例外。故选A项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她站在外面，头发和睫毛上积满了雪花。A. nodded点头；B. stopped停止；C. stood站；D. screamed尖叫。根据上文“stand outside in the cold”和“gathering snowflakes on her hair and eyelashes”可知，这个女人也站在外面等餐。故选C项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那位女士笑了，她的脸颊冻得通红。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain疼痛；C. tiredness劳累；D. cold寒冷；感冒。根据“her cheeks turning red”及上文“It was a freezing afternoon.”可知，女人因为寒冷，双颊被冻红了。故选D项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：提前付钱，就是那样而已。A. Take带；B. Pay支付；C. Put放；D. Look看。根据“but I’ll buy them”可知，女人想要为他人买单。且下文“pre-paid”也是提示。故选B项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我完全震惊了，我按她的要求收了钱，当下一位顾客来到窗口时，我向他解释了刚才发生的事情。A. charged收费；B. aided援助；C. permitted允许；D. assessed评估。根据上文““No, but I’ll buy them,” she said. “ ____6____ it forward and all that.”及空后“her as requested”可知，作者是快餐店的人员，按要求收费也是工作之一。故选A项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我完全震惊了，我按她的要求收了钱，当下一位顾客来到窗口时，我向他解释了刚才发生的事情。A. presented颁发；提交；B. recalled回忆；C. explained解释；D. claimed声称；宣称。根据空前“when the next customer arrived at the window”及空后“what had just happened. His facial expression changed like a chain of photographs on a slideshow”可知，当下一位顾客到来时，作者向对方解释了刚刚发生的事情。故选C项。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的面部表情就像幻灯片上的一串照片一样变化着，先是对外面的寒冷感到心烦意乱，然后对偶然的善意行为感到惊讶，最后又为自己的运气感到高兴。A. confused困惑的；B. excited激动的；C. discouraged泄气的；D. disturbed心烦意乱的。根据前文“Drivers ____1____ to stand outside in the cold and scream their orders into a speaker box.”以及空后“to be out in the cold”可知此处指的是下一位顾客刚开始因为在寒冷里心烦意乱。故选D项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的面部表情就像幻灯片上的一串照片一样变化着，先是对外面的寒冷感到心烦意乱，然后对偶然的善意行为感到惊讶，最后又为自己的运气感到高兴。A. honesty诚实；B. kindness善良；C. bravery勇敢；D. integrity诚实；正直。根据上文““No, but I’ll buy them,” she said. “ 6 it forward and all that.””可知，这位顾客接下来听到了女人的善举感到惊讶。故选B项。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“那我想我来付下一单的钱吧，”他回答道，一边点头，一边向身后不耐烦的司机挥手。A. impatint不耐烦的；B. ashamed感到羞愧的；C. polite礼貌的；D. incredible不可思议的。根据前文“His facial expression changed like a chain of photographs on a slideshow—first ____9____ to be out in the cold,”以及空后“driver behind him”可知此处指的是下一位司机因为天冷、等待时间长有些不耐烦了。故选A项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他递上现金，收到了一杯预付费的饮料。A. sandwich三明治；B. drink饮品；C. fries薯条；D. recipe食谱。根据上文“You can’t take their drinks”” 及空前“received his pre-paid”可知，这位顾客拿到了前一位顾客为其支付的饮品。故选B项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一趋势持续了整个高峰时段。A. disappeared消失；B. ceased停止；C. continued继续；D. varied变化。根据下文“Customers stood at my window emptying a handful of change to buy coffee for a complete ____ 14___ ”可知，为下一位顾客买饮品这件事持续了整个高峰时段。故选C项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：顾客们站在我的窗口，拿出一把零钱为一个完全陌生的人买咖啡。A. rider骑手；B. indivdual个人；C. passenger乘客；D. stranger陌生人。根据上文叙述的故事可知，此处表示一个人为另外一个完全的陌生人买咖啡，为的是把善意传递下去。故选D项。
15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：只需要一瞬间，一个微笑，就能让最冷的日子温暖起来。A. warm up温暖；热身； B. hold on坚持；等一下；C. put aside放在一边；搁置；D. kick off开始；发起。根据“even the coldest days”可知此处指的是这种善意能让最寒冷的日子温暖起来。故选A项。
二、阅读理解
Passage 1
You’ve probably heard the phrase, “Laughter is the best medicine.” Comedy on Referral has taken that idea and run with it, using stand-up comedy to help treat people struggling with trauma (精神创伤) and anxiety in partnership with the National Health Service (NHS).
The idea came from comedian Angie Belcher’s experiences teaching comedy at the University of Bristol. She found that students often told her how much stronger and more resilient (有适应力的) they were thanks to stand-up comedy.
Inspired, she teamed up with the NHS in Bristol to create a six-week comedy course for patients struggling with trauma in January 2022. Following the success of this initial course, Comedy on Referral won NHS funding to help men with trauma in London.
Belcher said, “Past traumas are perfect for comedy. Comedy doesn’t come from the happy, perfect moments of your life, but from our everyday struggles and major life events. People who’ve been through big life experiences such as losing a loved one and ill health often can’t wait to tell me their stories, mostly because there’s always something especially funny about the situation.”
Research has shown that laughter has positive psychological effects, such as decreasing levels of cortisol (the stress hormone) and increasing endorphins (the hormone that reduces the feeling of pain). It can even have physiological benefits, although less research has been done in this area. Current research has linked laughter and humour with increased levels of pain tolerance as well as short-term cardiovascular (心血管的) benefits. More research is needed to prove these findings
Nonetheless, the mental health benefits of regular laughter are widely accepted, and using comedy to treat mental health struggles could be a real breakthrough in the treatment of mental health.
1．Why is the phrase mentioned in paragraph 1
A．To explain the harm trauma causes. B．To stress the importance of laughter.
C．To show the effect of stand-up comedy. D．To state the idea behind Comedy on Referral.
2．How was the first six-week comedy course for patients
A．Effective. B．Ambiguous. C．Fruitless. D．Controversial.
3．What may contribute to a comedy according to Belcher
A．Struggling moments. B．Funny moments.
C．Successful moments. D．Boring moments.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Comedy is one thing that can make you struggle B．Laughter is useful for people’s mental health
C．Anxiety can also make you feel better D．Laughter will cure you of all diseases
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了转介喜剧采用“笑是最好的药”这一观念，与英国国民医疗服务体系合作，利用单口喜剧来帮助治疗那些与精神创伤和焦虑作斗争的人。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“You’ve probably heard the phrase, ‘Laughter is the best medicine.’ Comedy on Referral has taken that idea and run with it, using stand-up comedy to help treat people struggling with trauma (精神创伤) and anxiety in partnership with the National Health Service (NHS). ( 你可能听过这句话：“笑是最好的药。”转介喜剧采用了这一理念，并与英国国家医疗服务体系(NHS)合作，用单口喜剧来帮助治疗遭受创伤和焦虑困扰的人。)”可知，转介喜剧采纳了“笑是最好的药”这一想法，利用单口喜剧来帮助人们，由此可推知，作者在第一段提及此谚语是为了介绍转介喜剧背后的理念。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Inspired, she teamed up with the NHS in Bristol to create a six-week comedy course for patients struggling with trauma in January 2022. Following the success of this initial course, Comedy on Referral won NHS funding to help men with trauma in London. (受启发，她与布里斯托尔的英国国家医疗服务体系合作，于2022年1月为创伤患者开设了为期六周的喜剧课程。在这门初级课程取得成功后，转介喜剧获得了英国国家医疗服务体系的资助，帮助伦敦的男性创伤患者。)”可知，第一个六周的喜剧课程对病人是有效的。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中Belcher所说“Past traumas are perfect for comedy. Comedy doesn’t come from the happy, perfect moments of your life, but from our everyday struggles and major life events. (过去的创伤是喜剧的完美素材。喜剧不是来自你生活中快乐、完美的时刻，而是来自我们每天的挣扎和生活中的重大事件。)”可知，在Belcher看来，是挣扎的时刻促成了一部喜剧。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“You’ve probably heard the phrase, ‘Laughter is the best medicine.’ Comedy on Referral has taken that idea and run with it, using stand-up comedy to help treat people struggling with trauma (精神创伤) and anxiety in partnership with the National Health Service (NHS). ( 你可能听过这句话：“笑是最好的药。”转介喜剧采用了这一理念，并与英国国家医疗服务体系(NHS)合作，用单口喜剧来帮助治疗遭受创伤和焦虑困扰的人。)”可知，本文主要转介喜剧采用“笑是最好的药”这一观念，与英国国民医疗服务体系合作，利用单口喜剧来帮助治疗那些与精神创伤和焦虑作斗争的人。B“笑对人的心理健康有益”符合主题，故选B项。
Passage 2
Erin Alexander, who was suffering from the loss of her relative, was having a hard day. However, her day took an unexpected turn when she picked up her order and noticed a message on the cup: “Madam,” the waitress had written next to a heart, “your heart is golden.” The small and unexpected act moved her deeply, brightening the rest of her day.
New research confirms the great influence of experiences like Ms. Alexander’s. Researchers found people who perform an unplanned act of kindness tend to undervalue how much the receiver will appreciate it. This could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often.
In a recent experiment, 84 participants (参与者) were given a hot chocolate on two cold weekends at a park and were told they could keep it or give it to a stranger. The 75 participants who gave away their drink were asked to guess how “big” their kind act would feel to the receiver on a scale (等级) from 0 to 10, and how the receiver would rate their feelings upon receiving it. The receivers were then asked to report how they actually felt using the same scale.
It turned out that the people doing the kind thing always undervalued the importance of their actions. While they thought they were offering something small, the receivers considered it more meaningful because someone had done something nice for them.
Despite longing for kindness, many people feel awkward at the thought of being kind. The “little inner voice” often leads them to question whether their behavior might be misunderstood or whether it will make the receiver feel pressured to pay it back.
But an act of kindness is unlikely to have unintended results; it can lead to even more kindness. If you are not already in the habit of performing unplanned kind acts, start by thinking about what you are interested in and how you can turn that into an offering for others.
5．How did Erin Alexander feel after reading the message
A．Calm. B．Puzzled. C．Warmed. D．Anxious.
6．Paragraph 3 is mainly about the ______ of the experiment.
A．rule B．process C．purpose D．result
7．What may prevent people performing kindness according to the text
A．A mix of fears. B．Coldness from others.
C．High expectations of others. D．Voices from the public.
8．What does the author suggest readers do
A．Think twice before helping. B．Value kindness from others.
C．Find ways to change habits. D．Take action to offer kindness.
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，随机做善事的人往往会低估受助者的感激程度，这种误判可能会阻碍许多人做好事，研究人员希望研究结果可以鼓舞更多人做好事。
5．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Erin Alexander, who was suffering from the loss of her relative, was having a hard day. However, her day took an unexpected turn when she picked up her order and noticed a message on the cup: ‘Madam,’ the waitress had written next to a heart,‘your heart is golden.’ The small and unexpected act moved her deeply, brightening the rest of her day.(埃琳·亚历山大（Erin Alexander）因失去亲人而痛苦不堪，今天过得很艰难。然而，当她拿起订单，注意到杯子上有一条信息时，她的一天发生了意想不到的转折：‘女士，’女服务员在一颗心旁边写道，‘你的心是金色的。’这一小小的意外举动深深地打动了她，让她一天的其余时间都充满了欢乐。)”可知，Erin Alexander看完这条消息后感到很温暖。故选C项。
6．主旨大意题。由文章第三段“In a recent experiment, 84 participants (参与者) were given a hot chocolate on two cold weekends at a park and were told they could keep it or give it to a stranger. The 75 participants who gave away their drink were asked to guess how “big” their kind act would feel to the receiver on a scale (等级) from 0 to 10, and how the receiver would rate their feelings upon receiving it. The receivers were then asked to report how they actually felt using the same scale.(在最近的一项实验中，84名参与者在两个寒冷的周末在公园里被给了一杯巧克力热饮，并被告知他们可以保留它，也可以送给陌生人。75名赠送热饮的参与者被要求猜测他们的同类行为在0到10的范围内对接受者的感觉有多“大”，以及接受者在收到热饮后会如何评价他们的感受。然后，接受者被要求使用相同的量表报告他们的实际感受。)”可知，本段主要描述整个实验的过程。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。由文章第五段“Despite longing for kindness, many people feel awkward at the thought of being kind. The ‘little inner voice’ often leads them to question whether their behavior might be misunderstood or whether it will make the receiver feel pressured to pay it back.(尽管渴望善良，但许多人一想到善良就感到尴尬。‘内心的小声音’经常让他们质疑自己的行为是否会被误解，或者这是否会让接受者感到偿还的压力。)”可知，多种担忧和害怕可能会阻止人们行善。故选A项。
8．细节理解题。由文章最后一段“But an act of kindness is unlikely to have unintended results; it can lead to even more kindness. If you are not already in the habit of performing unplanned kind acts, start by thinking about what you are interested in and how you can turn that into an offering for others.(但善意的行为不太可能产生意想不到的结果；它可以带来更多的善意。如果你还没有进行计划外善意行为的习惯，那么首先要思考你对什么感兴趣，以及如何将其转化成对他人做出的奉献。)”可知，作者建议读者采取行动来表达善意。故选D项。Book 3 Unit 5 The Value of Money
Period 3 Reading For Writing
Ⅰ.单词认读关(先填后记诵)
一、基础词汇记其形
1.___________________ n .裁缝
2._________________ n .方式;礼仪.
3. ________________ n 楼梯:梯级
4. _______________n.选择:选择权:选修课
5. ________________adj.宽阔的:广阔的
6. _______________ v.允许:准许
7. ____________ adj 外部的:外界的
二、核心词汇记中变
1. __________ adj. 外部的;外来的→__________adj.内部的 ______________________成功做成某事
2.__________ n.成功;成就→ __________ adj.成功的;达到目的→__________ vi.成功 vt.& vi.继承,继任,vt.随…之后;继续
3. _________ n.举止;行为方式;方法→_________n.［pl.］礼仪;礼貌 bad ______无礼貌,坏习惯 _____________/_____以…方式
4. _________ n.选择;选择权(=_________=______)→_________ adj.可选择的;随意的=_________
选修课:____________________ 必修课:________________ __________ n.可供选择的事物,选择adj.可替代的,备选的
5. _________ adj.上流社会的;上等阶层的→ _________ adj.上面的;上层的;靠上部的 _________n.级别
6. _________ n.许可;批准;许可证→_________ vt.＆vi.允许;准许;使有可能 过去式过去分词：_________
7._______n.意志;心愿;遗嘱 vt.决心要→_________adj.愿意的→_________adj.不愿意的 愿意做某事：_____________
8.________ adj.宽阔的;广的→________vt.&vi.加宽;扩大 spot 过去式/过去分词:_______t,再加______
9. ________vt.从事;追赶;继续;纠缠→________ n.职业,工作;追赶,追求 追求…:_______________________
10.________ adj.正常的;正规的，标准的→ ________ adj. 反常的, 异常的; 变态的 ________adj.正式的
11. ______vt. & vi. (为…)服务;任(职)→_______ n.服务;服役;仪式→________ n.仆人,公/服务员 _______为某人服务 ________作为…
12. ______vi.＆vt.退休;退出→_____________n.退休→__________adj.退休的
13. __________ vt．回答；回复 vi．做出反应；回应→__________ n．反应；回答；回复 和介词_____搭配
三、阅读词汇识其义
1.ambassador n.
2.upper-class adj.
3.upper adj.
4.saying n.
5.external adj.
6.tailor n. vt.
7.clerk n.
8.downstairs adv.
9.stair n.
10.frown n. & vi.
Ⅱ.语块记诵关(先填后记诵)
1.上流社会_________________
2.避免做……_________________
3.向……道歉_________________
4.应该；应当_________________
目标一：
Activity 1: Read the scene quickly and summarize the main idea.
Activity 2: Read the scene and answer the questions.
1 Where does Henry go What does he want
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2 What do the clerks show Henry at first Why
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3 What makes the people in the store change their attitudes towards Henry
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Why would the owner be willing to wait for a long time to get paid
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5 Is it right to judge people by their clothes Why or why not
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 3: Read the scene and answer the questions.
1 What’s the turning point of the story in this scene
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2 What happens before and after Henry shows the bank note
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Use some words to describe people’s changing attitudes towards Henry before and after Henry shows the bank note
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 4: Study the language features.
1 Pick out the sentences that show how people’s attitudes change towards Henry.
2 Read the scene again and find an example for each of the following elements. Then discuss with your partner how to write each element.
character names
narration
stage directions
lines of dialogue
scene
title of play
目标二：To write a dramatic scene. Activity : Use what you have learnt to write a new scene for the play where Henry will try to use the bank note. Task 1: Work in groups. Brainstorm a place that Henry will go to, and what difficulties he might face. 1 Where will Henry go in your scene of the play ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 What difficulties might he face at the barber’s ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 What might happen after the turning point ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Task 2: Work in groups. Finish the following things and write your drafts. A. Make a list of the characters. B. Make an outline of the events in the scene. C. Decide how the characters’ feelings change during the scene. D. Think of an exciting ending. E. Write the dialogue. F. Write the stage directions which tell the actors what to do or how to say something. Task 3: In your group, use this checklist to help you revise the draft. √ Are all the elements of a play included and in good order √ Do the characters use suitable language √ Are the stage directions clear and useful √ Is the plot clear and exciting enough √ Are there any grammar, spelling or punctuation errors Get your draft back and revise it. Task 4: Perform your scene before the class. ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
Summary: 1 Can you summarize the elements of a play 2 Can you retell the plot in ACT 2, SCENE 1
Part 1 核心词汇
★★broad adj. 宽阔的; 广阔的; 广泛的
*Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands with backaches and painful necks.
人类为其广阔的视野和灵巧的双手付出了背痛和脖子痛的代价。
*But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.
但艺术团体为我们的社区带来了更广泛的价值。
*I spend most of my time reading in the library, where I can open my eyes and broaden my mind.
我大部分时间都在图书馆读书, 在那里我可以开阔我的视野、拓宽我的思维。
【语块积累】
(1)broad smile 灿烂的笑容
(in) broad daylight 光天化日(之下)
(2)broadly adv. 明显地; 宽广地; 广泛地
(3)broaden vt. & vi. (使)扩大; (使)变宽
broaden one’s horizons=open one’s eyes 开阔某人的视野
①The length of this box is twice its ____________ (broad).
②We can ________(broad) our knowledge by reading different articles online.
③伯纳德带着灿烂的笑容走过来了。
Bernard arrived ________________. (broad)
★★in case 以防; 以防万一
*He wanted to maintain a good relationship with the
ambassador in case others found out just how poor he really
was.
他想和大使保持良好的关系, 以防别人发现他有多穷。
*The doctor shares his phone number with
the patients in case they need medical assistance.
医生给了病人他的手机号码, 以防病人需要医疗援助。
*In case of fire, run quickly to the nearest door.
如果发生火灾, 就赶快朝最近的门跑。
*In that case, it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.
在那种情况下, 根据评分购买书籍既方便又经济。
【语块积累】
in any case 无论如何, 不管怎样
in case of 万一……, 如果发生……
in no case 决不(放句首时, 主句用部分倒装)
as is often the case 这是常有的事
in that/this case 既然那样/这样; 在那种/这种情况下; 如果是那样/这样的话 ★★hesitate vi. 犹豫; 迟疑; 顾虑
*Why does the owner think Henry hesitates to pay the bill
为什么店主认为亨利付账犹豫不决
* If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never hesitates to buy them a meal.
如果一个学生在往返学校的长途车程中感到饿了, 威尔逊会毫不犹豫地为他们买饭。
*He promised there would be no more hesitations in pursuing reforms.
他许诺在推进改革这件事上不再迟疑不决。
【语块积累】
(1)hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事
hesitate about/over/at. . . 对……感到犹豫
(2)hesitation n. 犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事★★intention n. 打算; 计划; 意图; 目的
*He has announced his intention to retire.
他已经宣布他打算退休。
*I came to London with the intention of studying English literature.
我来伦敦是为了学习英国文学。
*But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him, he did something special.
但当丹尼斯·威廉姆斯收到一条显然不是写给他的短信时, 他做了一件特别的事。
【语块积累】
★★manner n. 举止; 行为方式; 方法 [pl. ]礼貌; 礼仪
*The work should have been done in a more satisfactory manner.
这项工作本来应该用更令人满意的方式来做。
*“Small talk is the basis of good manners, ” he says.
“闲聊是礼貌的基础, ”他说。
*The composition is in the manner of German folk songs.
这首曲子是以德国民歌的风格谱写成的。
*It is good manners to look up to the old.
尊敬老人是有礼貌的表现。
【语块积累】
(1)in a. . . manner=in the manner of . . .
以一种……的方式; 带着一种……的样子
in a manner=in some way=to a certain extent 在一定程度上
in this manner=in this way 用这种方式
all manner of 各种各样的; 形形色色的(人, 东西等)
(2)manners n. 礼貌; 礼仪
good/bad manners 有/没有礼貌
table manners 餐桌礼仪★★option n. 可选择的事物
*Chinese are enjoying greater convenience in making trips abroad and more visa-free travel options.
中国公民出境旅游更加便利, 免签证旅游选择增多。
*We have no option but to leave the meeting.
除了放弃这次会议, 我们没有别的选择。
*Certain courses are compulsory, while others are optional.
某些课程是必修的, 有些是选修的。
【语块积累】
(1)have no option but to do 除了做……之外别无选择
keep/leave your options open 保留选择余地; 暂不决定
(2)optional adj. 可选择的; 随意的★★permit vt. &vi. 允许; 准许; 使有可能
permission n. 准许; 许可; 批准; 许可证
*P: Won’t you sit down, please
H: Yes, I’d love to. . . with your permission. Thank you, Miss.
P: 请坐好吗
H: 好的, 我很乐意……在你许可的情况下。谢谢你, 女士。
*With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly.
在她父亲的允许下, 她花了接下来两年的时间在网上搜索并进行试验, 找到了一份既美味又对牙齿有益的食谱。
*Visitors are not permitted to take photographs.
参观者请勿拍照。
*Permit me to offer you my sincere congratulations.
谨致衷心祝贺。
【语块积累】
(1)permit sb. ( to do) sth. 允许某人(做)某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
(2)without permission 未经许可
with one’s permission 如果……允许的话
ask for permission 征求许可; 请求允许
give permission 准许
【名师点津】
与permit一样, 后面直接跟动名词或跟不定式复合结构(sb. to do. . . )的动词还有allow(允许), forbid(禁止), advise((建议), encourage(鼓励)等。★★willing adj. 愿意; 乐意
be willing to do sth. 愿意或乐意做某事
*Why would the owner be willing to wait for a long time to get paid
为什么店主愿意等很长时间才能拿到钱
*Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.
娜奥美, 一位出色的钢琴家, 是梅利莎最好的朋友, 听说了这件事后表示很乐意去帮忙。
*Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
如果我们愿意用批判的眼光来评价自己, 理解这些原因将控制我们自己的愤怒。
【语块积累】
unwilling adj. 不愿意的
willingly adv. 欣然地; 愿意地, 乐意地
willingness n. 情愿
be unwilling to do 不愿意做某事
Part 2 核心句型
★★It seems that every banker and tailor in the city is eager to meet you.
似乎这个城市的每个银行家和裁缝都很想见你。
【句式解构】
句中it作形式主语, 真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。类似用法的动词和短语还有appear, happen, matter, make a difference等。
*But it seems (that) people have different opinions.
但似乎人们有不同的观点。
*It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
他是否参加会议没有关系。
*It does not matter if I missed my train.
我误了火车没关系。
【名师点津】
It seemed that sb. . . . =sb. seemed to do/have done
It seemed that we got lost, unable to go back to the mountain road.
=We seemed to get lost, unable to go back to the mountain road.
我们似乎迷路了, 无法回到山路上。
★★We should treat everyone we meet for the first time nicely, no matter how they look.
我们应该友好地对待第一次见面的人, 不管他们看起来怎么样。
【句式解构】
(1)no matter how引导让步状语从句, 意为“无论怎样”。
(2)引导让步状语从句时, 疑问词+ever可以和no matter +疑问词互换。但引导名词性从句时, 只能用疑问词+ever。
*No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.
无论你喜欢做什么, 总有一个方法可以参与地球日的各种活动。
*We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us.
我们知道, 无论我们如何努力取悦, 有些人永远不会爱我们。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. They learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，_________________（make）use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉）their fields.
2. The employees of outstanding airlines will act _________________a polite，friendly manner.
3. Once you have made a decision，you had better not_________________（change）your mind.
4. I don’t like racing against time；I would rather _________________（do）my work carefully and well.
5. _________________ that case，you need a way to read in the data files correctly.
6. I remember _________________（meet）her at a party，but I forget her name.
7. If you’re not willing _________________（help）me，I’ll find somebody who will.
8. He’s decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worth _________________（buy）.
Ⅱ. 练通句型
●一句多译
1. 无论任务有多难，我们必须按时完成。
①___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________，we must finish it on time.（however 引导的句子）
②___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________，we must finish it on time.（no matter how 引导的句子）
2. 那个人除了一张百万英镑的钞票外一无所有。
① The man ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ million-pound note.（nothing but）
② The man ___________ ___________ ___________ million-pound note.（only）
3. 你能告诉我我们在什么地方开会吗？
① Can you tell me ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ （where 引导的宾语从句）
②Can you tell me ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ （“疑问词+ to do”结构）
●句式升级
4. The workers in this company get their pay at the end of the month.
→___________________________________________________________________________（get + 过去分词）
5. The old man opened his mouth as if he was going to say something.
→______________________________________________________________________________（as if 省略句）Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
______ the banknote in his hand and his ______(wear) coat on, Henry entered a __________(tailor) shop. Finding him poorly ________(dress), the clerks in the shop all treated him in a ______ manner. They not only showed him the cheap suit which didn’t quite ___________ for Henry, but also ironically said that only people like Henry carried large notes _________ Henry explained that he would like to pay in a month as he didn’t have any small ___________.
______(face) with such an _________________(embarrass) situation, Henry handed out the note _______ waited patiently for the change. Now came the clerks’ turn to be embarrassed. They immediately changed their attitude _______ broad smiles on their faces. They offered him a wide _________ of options and even promised to d________ the stuffs home.__________ an irony!
Every fast-food employee knows that the drive-through window is the worst position. It was a freezing afternoon. Drivers 1 to stand outside in the cold and scream their orders into a speaker box. In such cases, most customers tend to take out their 2 on the employees. This woman was a(n) 3 .
“I`ll get the next car’s order as well,” she said as she came up to the window to pay. She 4 outside, gathering snowflakes on her hair and eyelashes. “You can’t take their drinks,” I said, confused and tired. The lady laughed, her cheeks turning red with 5 . “No, but I’ll buy them,” she said. “ 6 it forward and all that.”
Completely shocked, I 7 her as requested, and when the next customer arrived at the window I 8 what had just happened. His facial expression changed like a chain of photographs on a slideshow—first 9 to be out in the cold, then surprised at the random act of 10 and finally, delighted by his luck. “I suppose I’ll pay for the next order then,” he replied, nodding and waving at the 11 driver behind him. He handed over the cash and received his pre-paid 12 .
The trend 13 throughout the entire rush hour. Customers stood at my window emptying a handful of change to buy coffee for a complete 14 . Actually, it only takes one customer, one person, to change the entire flow of traffic. It only takes one moment, one smile, to 15 even the coldest days.
1．A．hate B．refuse C．hesitate D．attempt
2．A．worry B．annoyance C．fear D．stress
3．A．exception B．witness C．employer D．victim
4．A．nodded B．stopped C．stood D．screamed
5．A．hunger B．pain C．tiredness D．cold
6．A．Take B．Pay C．Put D．Look
7．A．charged B．aided C．permitted D．assessed
8．A．presented B．recalled C．explained D．claimed
9．A．confused B．excited C．discouraged D．disturbed
10．A．honesty B．kindness C．bravery D．integrity
11．A．impatient B．ashamed C．polite D．incredible
12．A．sandwich B．drink C．fries D．recipe
13．A．disappeared B．ceased C．continued D．varied
14．A．rider B．individual C．passenger D．stranger
15．A．warm up B．hold on C．put aside D．kick off
二、阅读理解
Passage 1
You’ve probably heard the phrase, “Laughter is the best medicine.” Comedy on Referral has taken that idea and run with it, using stand-up comedy to help treat people struggling with trauma (精神创伤) and anxiety in partnership with the National Health Service (NHS).
The idea came from comedian Angie Belcher’s experiences teaching comedy at the University of Bristol. She found that students often told her how much stronger and more resilient (有适应力的) they were thanks to stand-up comedy.
Inspired, she teamed up with the NHS in Bristol to create a six-week comedy course for patients struggling with trauma in January 2022. Following the success of this initial course, Comedy on Referral won NHS funding to help men with trauma in London.
Belcher said, “Past traumas are perfect for comedy. Comedy doesn’t come from the happy, perfect moments of your life, but from our everyday struggles and major life events. People who’ve been through big life experiences such as losing a loved one and ill health often can’t wait to tell me their stories, mostly because there’s always something especially funny about the situation.”
Research has shown that laughter has positive psychological effects, such as decreasing levels of cortisol (the stress hormone) and increasing endorphins (the hormone that reduces the feeling of pain). It can even have physiological benefits, although less research has been done in this area. Current research has linked laughter and humour with increased levels of pain tolerance as well as short-term cardiovascular (心血管的) benefits. More research is needed to prove these findings
Nonetheless, the mental health benefits of regular laughter are widely accepted, and using comedy to treat mental health struggles could be a real breakthrough in the treatment of mental health.
1．Why is the phrase mentioned in paragraph 1
A．To explain the harm trauma causes. B．To stress the importance of laughter.
C．To show the effect of stand-up comedy. D．To state the idea behind Comedy on Referral.
2．How was the first six-week comedy course for patients
A．Effective. B．Ambiguous. C．Fruitless. D．Controversial.
3．What may contribute to a comedy according to Belcher
A．Struggling moments. B．Funny moments.
C．Successful moments. D．Boring moments.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Comedy is one thing that can make you struggle B．Laughter is useful for people’s mental health
C．Anxiety can also make you feel better D．Laughter will cure you of all diseases
Passage 2
Erin Alexander, who was suffering from the loss of her relative, was having a hard day. However, her day took an unexpected turn when she picked up her order and noticed a message on the cup: “Madam,” the waitress had written next to a heart, “your heart is golden.” The small and unexpected act moved her deeply, brightening the rest of her day.
New research confirms the great influence of experiences like Ms. Alexander’s. Researchers found people who perform an unplanned act of kindness tend to undervalue how much the receiver will appreciate it. This could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often.
In a recent experiment, 84 participants (参与者) were given a hot chocolate on two cold weekends at a park and were told they could keep it or give it to a stranger. The 75 participants who gave away their drink were asked to guess how “big” their kind act would feel to the receiver on a scale (等级) from 0 to 10, and how the receiver would rate their feelings upon receiving it. The receivers were then asked to report how they actually felt using the same scale.
It turned out that the people doing the kind thing always undervalued the importance of their actions. While they thought they were offering something small, the receivers considered it more meaningful because someone had done something nice for them.
Despite longing for kindness, many people feel awkward at the thought of being kind. The “little inner voice” often leads them to question whether their behavior might be misunderstood or whether it will make the receiver feel pressured to pay it back.
But an act of kindness is unlikely to have unintended results; it can lead to even more kindness. If you are not already in the habit of performing unplanned kind acts, start by thinking about what you are interested in and how you can turn that into an offering for others.
5．How did Erin Alexander feel after reading the message
A．Calm. B．Puzzled. C．Warmed. D．Anxious.
6．Paragraph 3 is mainly about the ______ of the experiment.
A．rule B．process C．purpose D．result
7．What may prevent people performing kindness according to the text
A．A mix of fears. B．Coldness from others.
C．High expectations of others. D．Voices from the public.
8．What does the author suggest readers do
A．Think twice before helping. B．Value kindness from others.
C．Find ways to change habits. D．Take action to offer kindness.
