Book 3 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
Period 2 Discovering Useful Structures
一、动词－ing形式作宾语补足语
动词－ing形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间是主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。
[合作探究1]
When we returned，we found a stranger standing in front of the house.
我们回来的时候，发现一个陌生人站在房子前。
Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window.
忽然我们听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。
[自主发现1]
表示感觉和心理状态的动词(词组)，如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，listen to，look at，notice，observe等。
[名师提醒] 在see，hear，feel，watch 等感官动词后，既可用动词－ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to 的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词－ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to 的不定式时，表示动作经过从开始到结束的全过程。
I saw a boy getting on the bus.(表示动作正在进行)
我看见一个男孩在上公共汽车。
I saw a boy get on the bus.(表示动作完成了)
我看见一个男孩上了公共汽车。
[合作探究2]
We kept the fire burning all night long.
我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won’t have you running about in the room.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
[自主发现2]
表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有：have，let，keep，get，leave 等。
[合作探究3]
I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。
[自主发现3]
用于with复合结构中。
二、动词－ing形式作状语
[合作探究]
①Hearing the news，he couldn’t help laughing.
＝When he heard the news，he couldn’t help laughing.
一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。
②Not knowing her address，I had better telephone her to come over.
＝As I don’t know her address，I had better telephone her to come over.
由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。
③Working hard，you’ll surely succeed.
＝If you work hard，you’ll surely succeed.
如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。
④The child slipped and fell，hitting his head against the door.
＝The child slipped and fell，and hit his head against the door.
那个男孩滑了一跤，摔倒了，头撞到了门上。
⑤Having been told many times，he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.
＝Although he had been told many times，he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.
尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记住。
⑥Morris lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time.
＝Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.
莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
⑦He came running back to tell me the news.
他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
[自主发现]
①作时间状语；②作原因状语；③作条件状语；④作结果状语；⑤作让步状语；⑥作伴随状语；⑦作方式状语。
[名师提醒]
(1)动词－ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。
I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
(2)动词－ing形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化为并列谓语。
三、动词－ing形式作状语注意事项
1．动词－ing形式的时态
动词－ing形式作状语时，要注意其时间性，是用一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。
[合作探究1]
Walking in the street，I met an old friend of mine.
我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
Having finished the letter，he went to post it.
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
[自主发现1]
(1)当动词－ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一般式。
(2)当动词－ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用完成式。
2．动词－ing形式的语态
[合作探究2]
Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)
被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
Having finished his homework，he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)
完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。
[自主发现2]
使用动词－ing形式的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于动词－ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是动词－ing形式的逻辑主语。
3．动词－ing形式的否定式
[合作探究3]
Not knowing this，he didn’t come.
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
[自主发现3]
动词－ing形式的否定式为not＋v.－ing；not＋having v．－ed
4．动词－ing形式作评注性状语
[合作探究4]
Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad.
从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
[自主发现4]
有些动词－ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般来说”，judging by/from...“从……判断”，taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。
5．独立主格
[合作探究5]
The rain having stopped，we went on marching.
雨过之后，我们继续前进。
[自主发现5]
动词－ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
【学以致用1】 同义句转换
①As time passes by，we will have a better and better life.
→With _______ ___________ __________，we will have a better and better life.
②I saw that they were coming across the street.
→I saw_______ ___________ __________the street.
③I stood on the bridge and watched boats were passing by.
→I stood on the bridge and watched _______ ___________ __________．
④I felt that someone was patting me on the shoulder.
→I felt ___________ __________me on the shoulder.
⑤I heard that Mary sang a song in the next room last night.
→I heard _______ ___________ __________ __________ in the next room last night.
【学以致用2】 同义句转换
①It rained heavily and it caused great damage.
→It rained heavily，_______ ___________ __________．
②After he had eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out.
→_______ ___________ ____________ __________，the boy rushed out.
③The boy sat in front of the farm house，and cut the branches.
→The boy sat in front of the farm house，_______ ___________ __________．
④As I did not know how to get there，I had to ask the way.
→_________ ________ how to get there，I had to ask the way.
【学以致用3】 单句语法填空
①___________________(work) for three hours，he took a rest.
②Tom came _________________ (dash) into the room with some film tickets in his hand.
③_________________ (spend) all his money，the boy had to give his mother a call.
④_________________(see) nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note.
【学以致用4】 单句语法填空
①_________________(judge) from his accent，he must be from the south.
②_________________(tell) many times，he still couldn’t understand it.
③The lecture _________________ (give)，a lively question－and－answer session followed.
④_________________(take) everything into consideration，the result is better than expected.
⑤The weather _________ (be) hot，we had to stay at home.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When I was on my way to school this morning，I saw two women __________ (argue)．
2．My parents don’t allow us __________(watch) violent TV programmes.
3．With the temperature__________ (rise)，the leaves and grass began to appear.
4．When the little girl found so many people __________ (surround) her，she felt very nervous.
5．Don’t have the lights __________ (burn) all night.It will waste too much electricity.
6．__________ (see) from the tower，the city looks very beautiful.
7．__________ (work) harder at English，you’ll make greater progress.
8．__________ (finish) the work ahead of time，we have to work hard.
9．__________ (select) the proper present，they sent it to their respectable professor.
10．__________ (leave) some questions unanswered，my friend said goodbye to me.
Ⅱ.同义句转换
1．When she turned around，she saw a car driving up.
→= ___________ __________，she saw a car driving up.
2．John watched curiously，and thought that the woman seemed a little crazy.
→John watched curiously，_______ ___________ the woman seemed a little crazy．
3．As he was ill，he couldn’t attend the meeting.
→ ___________ __________，he couldn’t attend the meeting.
4．Because she had been bitten by a snake，she was frightened of it.
→_______ ___________ __________by a snake，she was frightened of it.
5．As John was away，Tom had to do the work.
→_______ ___________ __________，Tom had to do the work.
6．As it is Sunday，we needn’t go to school.
→_______ ___________ __________，we needn’t go to school.
7．Because he didn’t know what to do，he came to her for help.
→_______ ___________ __________ ___________ __________，he came to her for help.
8．As she hadn’t received his reply，she rang him up again.
→_______ ___________ _________________ ___________ __________，she rang him up again.
Ⅲ，能力提升(用with 的复合结构，翻译下列句子)
1).有这么多问题要解决，新当选的总统这一年过得很艰难。
______________________________________________________________________________
2).他躺在床上，眼睛盯着天花板。
______________________________________________________________________________
3).由于寺庙正在修缮，我们不能去参观了。
______________________________________________________________________________
4).学生们睁大眼睛听老师讲课。
______________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When I was on my way to school this morning，I saw two women ________ (argue)．
2．My parents don’t allow us________ (watch) violent TV programmes.
3．With the temperature ________(rise)，the leaves and grass began to appear.
4．When the little girl found so many people________ (surround) her，she felt very nervous.
5．Don’t have the lights ________ (burn) all night.It will waste too much electricity.
6．________ (see) from the tower，the city looks very beautiful.
7． ________(work) harder at English，you’ll make greater progress.
8． ________(finish) the work ahead of time，we have to work hard.
9．________ (select) the proper present，they sent it to their respectable professor.
10．________ (leave) some questions unanswered，my friend said goodbye to me.
Ⅱ.同义句转换
1．When she turned around，she saw a car driving up.
→ __________________________________________，she saw a car driving up.
2．John watched curiously，and thought that the woman seemed a little crazy.
→John watched curiously，__________________________________________．
3．As he was ill，he couldn’t attend the meeting.
→ __________________________________________，he couldn’t attend the meeting.
4．Because she had been bitten by a snake，she was frightened of it.
→_______________，she was frightened of it.
5．As John was away，Tom had to do the work.
→ __________________________________________，Tom had to do the work.
6．As it is Sunday，we needn’t go to school.
→ __________________________________________，we needn’t go to school.
7．Because he didn’t know what to do，he came to her for help.
→ __________________________________________，he came to her for help.
8．As she hadn’t received his reply，she rang him up again.
→ __________________________________________，she rang him up again.
Ⅲ，能力提升(用with 的复合结构，翻译下列句子)
.有这么多问题要解决，新当选的总统这一年过得很艰难。
______________________________________________________________________________
.他躺在床上，眼睛盯着天花板。
______________________________________________________________________________
.由于寺庙正在修缮，我们不能去参观了。
______________________________________________________________________________
4).学生们睁大眼睛听老师讲课。
______________________________________________________________________________
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xu Zhuoyuan, a 16-year-old girl from Changsha, Hunan Province, made history by becoming the 1 (young) Chinese female to conquer (征服) Qomolangma from the southern slope. The high school student started her exploration to the highest peak in the world in mid-April. After a struggling 10-hour climb, she 2 (successful) reached the summit (最高点) of Qomolangma.
Xu is not 3 stranger to mountain climbing. Her father, the first person from Hunan Province 4 (reach) the summit of Qomolangma, greatly influenced her. She 5 (be) on adventurous trips with him since she was a child. By the age of 16, she had already climbed five high hills over 5, 000 meters in China.
Even if Xu had rich climbing experience, Xu still prepared for this challenge seriously and looked forward 6 it. She 7 (take) strict and professional training to conquer Qomolangma. She once said on TV, “I will climb Qomolangma.”And she has now fulfilled her promise.
Xu talks about the importance of 8 (respect) nature and values every step toward: the summit. She took her father’s gloves 9 were worn during his successful summit adventure, as a witness (见证人) to her dream coming true. After university, she plans to continue climbing and conquering another seven 10 (mountain) and the North and South Poles.
2. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The conclusion of the recent Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics on Feb 20 also marked the end of the volunteering work of Armenian twin brothers Vahan and Hayk Gehamyan, both of 11 are Fudan University undergraduates.
The brothers served as translators for Team Armenia during the Games and also 12 (offer) assistance to athletes. 13 their busywork schedule, the brothers enjoyed their time in the Olympic Village. They made friends with their 14 (neighbor)—athletes from Finland and Ukraine—and cheered for these athletes 15 they were competing.
“It’s 16 great honor to serve as Olympic volunteers. We’re impressed by the charm of winter sports, such as the beautiful freestyle skiing and figure skating,” Hayk said.
“Moreover, we saw people from across the world 17 (live) under the same roof. It showed how the Olympic spirit of unity shines 18 (bright) throughout the games and beyond, which reminds us that people worldwide belong to the same human family,” he added.
Hayk said that they 19 (draw) to China as they wanted to experience the country’s fast economic development and culture. “We’re glad we made the 20 (decide) to come here,” he said.
3. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词，如有括号提示，请以提示词的正确形式填空。
Lucy Black recently became the youngest person to travel to every country in the world. By the age of 23, she has visited all the countries in an effort to challenge 21 (she) and push the limits of 22 she believed was possible for a female traveler.
Lucy 23 (primary) used planes, boats, and trains to get around. It was not all plain sailing and there were many difficulties Lucy met, including 24 (arrange) visas to enter some countries. But the challenges 25 (balance) by the memorable experiences on her way. “There’re so many amazing experiences that can come out of traveling alone because you are more open to the connections with the 26 (local) than you would be in a big group,” she said.
Lucy had the pleasure of meeting 27 variety of people and experiencing different cultures. But the most 28 (value) experience of all was discovering a new sense of independence, she said.
For Lucy, nothing beats traveling, which she described 29 her favorite part of being alive. “ 30 I would be lying if I said I wasn’t enjoying taking time over the past year to recover from all the wear and tear I have done to my body over the past three years,” she added.
4. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wan Qiuwen bas broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond all 24/7 to search and rescue tasks.
Wan and Song Yin, the only other female pilot, 31 (graduate) from Shanghai Maritime University in 2008 to join Donghai No. 1 Rescued Flying Service of the Ministry of Transport. “ 32 (be) a search and rescue pilot is a high-risk job. It is a big commitment and requires personal sacrifices 33 not many are willing to make. “But I feel lucky 34 proud to be a member of the great team,” Wan says. She was thrilled when she finally got the admission 35 the program and was sent to Adelaide, Australia, to train for 15 months, at the end of which she acquires 36 commercial pilot’s license. Back in the country, she received 37 (far) training in helicopter search and rescue.
Wan has since joined 300-plus 38 (mission) and has also taken up the role of a flight instructor. When 39 (ask) if she would continue to fly, Wan responded affirmatively, “This profession is about saving lives. A woman is 40 (perfect) capable of being a rescue pilot, once and always.”
5.While famous foreign architects are invited 21 (lead) the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese 22 (architecture) are making great efforts to take the center stage.
Their efforts have been proven 23 (fruit) . Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, 24 (win) the Pritzker Architecture Prize, 25 is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture, on February 28, 2012. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.
Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA) . His office 26 (locate) at the Xiangshan campus of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original 27 (create) .
Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and 28 good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing 29 Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing 30 they really are,” said Wang.
6. In early December, Zhang Guimei was named a national outstanding (杰出的) member of the Communist Party of China for her 31 (contribute) to education in China.
About 20 years ago, while on the way to visit a student’s house, Zhang Guimei, then a teacher in Huaping, Yunnan Province, noticed a girl 32 (sit) on the hillside. The girl, 13, told Zhang she was about to get married. It was decided by her parents. “But I want to go to school,” the girl said. Zhang went to her house and tried to persuade (说服) her parents to let the girl return to school and promised to pay for the school fees 33 (her). However, they didn’t agree.
From then on, Zhang dreamed 34 building a free high school for girls. After years of trying to raise money, 35 (final) in 2008, Huaping High School for Girls, a free public high school, was founded at the foot of the Shizi Mountain in Huaping, 36 Zhang is the headmaster.
Her efforts have been worth it. Since 2008, more than 1,800 students 37 (admit) to college, which is considered a “miracle (奇迹)” in that far area.
Zhang plays 38 active part in local education. It is reported 39 she was given the honor at the country’s “role model for teachers” in February, 2021. Her 40 (move) stories encourage thousands of people.Book 3 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
Period 2 Discovering Useful Structures
一、动词－ing形式作宾语补足语
动词－ing形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间是主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。
[合作探究1]
When we returned，we found a stranger standing in front of the house.
我们回来的时候，发现一个陌生人站在房子前。
Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window.
忽然我们听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。
[自主发现1]
表示感觉和心理状态的动词(词组)，如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，listen to，look at，notice，observe等。
[名师提醒] 在see，hear，feel，watch 等感官动词后，既可用动词－ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to 的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词－ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to 的不定式时，表示动作经过从开始到结束的全过程。
I saw a boy getting on the bus.(表示动作正在进行)
我看见一个男孩在上公共汽车。
I saw a boy get on the bus.(表示动作完成了)
我看见一个男孩上了公共汽车。
[合作探究2]
We kept the fire burning all night long.
我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won’t have you running about in the room.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
[自主发现2]
表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有：have，let，keep，get，leave 等。
[合作探究3]
I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。
[自主发现3]
用于with复合结构中。
二、动词－ing形式作状语
[合作探究]
①Hearing the news，he couldn’t help laughing.
＝When he heard the news，he couldn’t help laughing.
一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。
②Not knowing her address，I had better telephone her to come over.
＝As I don’t know her address，I had better telephone her to come over.
由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。
③Working hard，you’ll surely succeed.
＝If you work hard，you’ll surely succeed.
如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。
④The child slipped and fell，hitting his head against the door.
＝The child slipped and fell，and hit his head against the door.
那个男孩滑了一跤，摔倒了，头撞到了门上。
⑤Having been told many times，he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.
＝Although he had been told many times，he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.
尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记住。
⑥Morris lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time.
＝Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.
莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
⑦He came running back to tell me the news.
他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
[自主发现]
①作时间状语；②作原因状语；③作条件状语；④作结果状语；⑤作让步状语；⑥作伴随状语；⑦作方式状语。
[名师提醒]
(1)动词－ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。
I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
(2)动词－ing形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化为并列谓语。
三、动词－ing形式作状语注意事项
1．动词－ing形式的时态
动词－ing形式作状语时，要注意其时间性，是用一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。
[合作探究1]
Walking in the street，I met an old friend of mine.
我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
Having finished the letter，he went to post it.
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
[自主发现1]
(1)当动词－ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一般式。
(2)当动词－ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用完成式。
2．动词－ing形式的语态
[合作探究2]
Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)
被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
Having finished his homework，he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)
完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。
[自主发现2]
使用动词－ing形式的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于动词－ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是动词－ing形式的逻辑主语。
3．动词－ing形式的否定式
[合作探究3]
Not knowing this，he didn’t come.
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
[自主发现3]
动词－ing形式的否定式为not＋v.－ing；not＋having v．－ed
4．动词－ing形式作评注性状语
[合作探究4]
Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad.
从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
[自主发现4]
有些动词－ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般来说”，judging by/from...“从……判断”，taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。
5．独立主格
[合作探究5]
The rain having stopped，we went on marching.
雨过之后，我们继续前进。
[自主发现5]
动词－ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
【学以致用1】 同义句转换
①As time passes by，we will have a better and better life.
→With _______ ___________ __________，we will have a better and better life.
②I saw that they were coming across the street.
→I saw_______ ___________ __________the street.
③I stood on the bridge and watched boats were passing by.
→I stood on the bridge and watched _______ ___________ __________．
④I felt that someone was patting me on the shoulder.
→I felt ___________ __________me on the shoulder.
⑤I heard that Mary sang a song in the next room last night.
→I heard _______ ___________ __________ __________ in the next room last night.
【学以致用2】 同义句转换
①It rained heavily and it caused great damage.
→It rained heavily，_______ ___________ __________．
②After he had eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out.
→_______ ___________ ____________ __________，the boy rushed out.
③The boy sat in front of the farm house，and cut the branches.
→The boy sat in front of the farm house，_______ ___________ __________．
④As I did not know how to get there，I had to ask the way.
→_________ ________ how to get there，I had to ask the way.
【学以致用3】 单句语法填空
①___________________(work) for three hours，he took a rest.
②Tom came _________________ (dash) into the room with some film tickets in his hand.
③_________________ (spend) all his money，the boy had to give his mother a call.
④_________________(see) nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note.
【学以致用4】 单句语法填空
①_________________(judge) from his accent，he must be from the south.
②_________________(tell) many times，he still couldn’t understand it.
③The lecture _________________ (give)，a lively question－and－answer session followed.
④_________________(take) everything into consideration，the result is better than expected.
⑤The weather _________ (be) hot，we had to stay at home.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When I was on my way to school this morning，I saw two women __________ (argue)．
2．My parents don’t allow us __________(watch) violent TV programmes.
3．With the temperature__________ (rise)，the leaves and grass began to appear.
4．When the little girl found so many people __________ (surround) her，she felt very nervous.
5．Don’t have the lights __________ (burn) all night.It will waste too much electricity.
6．__________ (see) from the tower，the city looks very beautiful.
7．__________ (work) harder at English，you’ll make greater progress.
8．__________ (finish) the work ahead of time，we have to work hard.
9．__________ (select) the proper present，they sent it to their respectable professor.
10．__________ (leave) some questions unanswered，my friend said goodbye to me.
Ⅱ.同义句转换
1．When she turned around，she saw a car driving up.
→= ___________ __________，she saw a car driving up.
2．John watched curiously，and thought that the woman seemed a little crazy.
→John watched curiously，_______ ___________ the woman seemed a little crazy．
3．As he was ill，he couldn’t attend the meeting.
→ ___________ __________，he couldn’t attend the meeting.
4．Because she had been bitten by a snake，she was frightened of it.
→_______ ___________ __________by a snake，she was frightened of it.
5．As John was away，Tom had to do the work.
→_______ ___________ __________，Tom had to do the work.
6．As it is Sunday，we needn’t go to school.
→_______ ___________ __________，we needn’t go to school.
7．Because he didn’t know what to do，he came to her for help.
→_______ ___________ __________ ___________ __________，he came to her for help.
8．As she hadn’t received his reply，she rang him up again.
→_______ ___________ _________________ ___________ __________，she rang him up again.
Ⅲ，能力提升(用with 的复合结构，翻译下列句子)
1).有这么多问题要解决，新当选的总统这一年过得很艰难。
______________________________________________________________________________
2).他躺在床上，眼睛盯着天花板。
______________________________________________________________________________
3).由于寺庙正在修缮，我们不能去参观了。
______________________________________________________________________________
4).学生们睁大眼睛听老师讲课。
______________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When I was on my way to school this morning，I saw two women ________ (argue)．
2．My parents don’t allow us________ (watch) violent TV programmes.
3．With the temperature ________(rise)，the leaves and grass began to appear.
4．When the little girl found so many people________ (surround) her，she felt very nervous.
5．Don’t have the lights ________ (burn) all night.It will waste too much electricity.
6．________ (see) from the tower，the city looks very beautiful.
7． ________(work) harder at English，you’ll make greater progress.
8． ________(finish) the work ahead of time，we have to work hard.
9．________ (select) the proper present，they sent it to their respectable professor.
10．________ (leave) some questions unanswered，my friend said goodbye to me.
Ⅱ.同义句转换
1．When she turned around，she saw a car driving up.
→ __________________________________________，she saw a car driving up.
2．John watched curiously，and thought that the woman seemed a little crazy.
→John watched curiously，__________________________________________．
3．As he was ill，he couldn’t attend the meeting.
→ __________________________________________，he couldn’t attend the meeting.
4．Because she had been bitten by a snake，she was frightened of it.
→_______________，she was frightened of it.
5．As John was away，Tom had to do the work.
→ __________________________________________，Tom had to do the work.
6．As it is Sunday，we needn’t go to school.
→ __________________________________________，we needn’t go to school.
7．Because he didn’t know what to do，he came to her for help.
→ __________________________________________，he came to her for help.
8．As she hadn’t received his reply，she rang him up again.
→ __________________________________________，she rang him up again.
Ⅲ，能力提升(用with 的复合结构，翻译下列句子)
.有这么多问题要解决，新当选的总统这一年过得很艰难。
______________________________________________________________________________
.他躺在床上，眼睛盯着天花板。
______________________________________________________________________________
.由于寺庙正在修缮，我们不能去参观了。
______________________________________________________________________________
4).学生们睁大眼睛听老师讲课。
______________________________________________________________________________
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xu Zhuoyuan, a 16-year-old girl from Changsha, Hunan Province, made history by becoming the 1 (young) Chinese female to conquer (征服) Qomolangma from the southern slope. The high school student started her exploration to the highest peak in the world in mid-April. After a struggling 10-hour climb, she 2 (successful) reached the summit (最高点) of Qomolangma.
Xu is not 3 stranger to mountain climbing. Her father, the first person from Hunan Province 4 (reach) the summit of Qomolangma, greatly influenced her. She 5 (be) on adventurous trips with him since she was a child. By the age of 16, she had already climbed five high hills over 5, 000 meters in China.
Even if Xu had rich climbing experience, Xu still prepared for this challenge seriously and looked forward 6 it. She 7 (take) strict and professional training to conquer Qomolangma. She once said on TV, “I will climb Qomolangma.”And she has now fulfilled her promise.
Xu talks about the importance of 8 (respect) nature and values every step toward: the summit. She took her father’s gloves 9 were worn during his successful summit adventure, as a witness (见证人) to her dream coming true. After university, she plans to continue climbing and conquering another seven 10 (mountain) and the North and South Poles.
2. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The conclusion of the recent Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics on Feb 20 also marked the end of the volunteering work of Armenian twin brothers Vahan and Hayk Gehamyan, both of 11 are Fudan University undergraduates.
The brothers served as translators for Team Armenia during the Games and also 12 (offer) assistance to athletes. 13 their busywork schedule, the brothers enjoyed their time in the Olympic Village. They made friends with their 14 (neighbor)—athletes from Finland and Ukraine—and cheered for these athletes 15 they were competing.
“It’s 16 great honor to serve as Olympic volunteers. We’re impressed by the charm of winter sports, such as the beautiful freestyle skiing and figure skating,” Hayk said.
“Moreover, we saw people from across the world 17 (live) under the same roof. It showed how the Olympic spirit of unity shines 18 (bright) throughout the games and beyond, which reminds us that people worldwide belong to the same human family,” he added.
Hayk said that they 19 (draw) to China as they wanted to experience the country’s fast economic development and culture. “We’re glad we made the 20 (decide) to come here,” he said.
3. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词，如有括号提示，请以提示词的正确形式填空。
Lucy Black recently became the youngest person to travel to every country in the world. By the age of 23, she has visited all the countries in an effort to challenge 21 (she) and push the limits of 22 she believed was possible for a female traveler.
Lucy 23 (primary) used planes, boats, and trains to get around. It was not all plain sailing and there were many difficulties Lucy met, including 24 (arrange) visas to enter some countries. But the challenges 25 (balance) by the memorable experiences on her way. “There’re so many amazing experiences that can come out of traveling alone because you are more open to the connections with the 26 (local) than you would be in a big group,” she said.
Lucy had the pleasure of meeting 27 variety of people and experiencing different cultures. But the most 28 (value) experience of all was discovering a new sense of independence, she said.
For Lucy, nothing beats traveling, which she described 29 her favorite part of being alive. “ 30 I would be lying if I said I wasn’t enjoying taking time over the past year to recover from all the wear and tear I have done to my body over the past three years,” she added.
4. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wan Qiuwen bas broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond all 24/7 to search and rescue tasks.
Wan and Song Yin, the only other female pilot, 31 (graduate) from Shanghai Maritime University in 2008 to join Donghai No. 1 Rescued Flying Service of the Ministry of Transport. “ 32 (be) a search and rescue pilot is a high-risk job. It is a big commitment and requires personal sacrifices 33 not many are willing to make. “But I feel lucky 34 proud to be a member of the great team,” Wan says. She was thrilled when she finally got the admission 35 the program and was sent to Adelaide, Australia, to train for 15 months, at the end of which she acquires 36 commercial pilot’s license. Back in the country, she received 37 (far) training in helicopter search and rescue.
Wan has since joined 300-plus 38 (mission) and has also taken up the role of a flight instructor. When 39 (ask) if she would continue to fly, Wan responded affirmatively, “This profession is about saving lives. A woman is 40 (perfect) capable of being a rescue pilot, once and always.”
5.While famous foreign architects are invited 21 (lead) the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese 22 (architecture) are making great efforts to take the center stage.
Their efforts have been proven 23 (fruit) . Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, 24 (win) the Pritzker Architecture Prize, 25 is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture, on February 28, 2012. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.
Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA) . His office 26 (locate) at the Xiangshan campus of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original 27 (create) .
Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and 28 good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing 29 Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing 30 they really are,” said Wang.
6. In early December, Zhang Guimei was named a national outstanding (杰出的) member of the Communist Party of China for her 31 (contribute) to education in China.
About 20 years ago, while on the way to visit a student’s house, Zhang Guimei, then a teacher in Huaping, Yunnan Province, noticed a girl 32 (sit) on the hillside. The girl, 13, told Zhang she was about to get married. It was decided by her parents. “But I want to go to school,” the girl said. Zhang went to her house and tried to persuade (说服) her parents to let the girl return to school and promised to pay for the school fees 33 (her). However, they didn’t agree.
From then on, Zhang dreamed 34 building a free high school for girls. After years of trying to raise money, 35 (final) in 2008, Huaping High School for Girls, a free public high school, was founded at the foot of the Shizi Mountain in Huaping, 36 Zhang is the headmaster.
Her efforts have been worth it. Since 2008, more than 1,800 students 37 (admit) to college, which is considered a “miracle (奇迹)” in that far area.
Zhang plays 38 active part in local education. It is reported 39 she was given the honor at the country’s “role model for teachers” in February, 2021. Her 40 (move) stories encourage thousands of people.
Book 3 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
Period 2 Discovering Useful Structures
一、动词－ing形式作宾语补足语
动词－ing形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间是主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。
[合作探究1]
When we returned，we found a stranger standing in front of the house.
我们回来的时候，发现一个陌生人站在房子前。
Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window.
忽然我们听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。
[自主发现1]
表示感觉和心理状态的动词(词组)，如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，listen to，look at，notice，observe等。
[名师提醒] 在see，hear，feel，watch 等感官动词后，既可用动词－ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to 的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词－ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to 的不定式时，表示动作经过从开始到结束的全过程。
I saw a boy getting on the bus.(表示动作正在进行)
我看见一个男孩在上公共汽车。
I saw a boy get on the bus.(表示动作完成了)
我看见一个男孩上了公共汽车。
[合作探究2]
We kept the fire burning all night long.
我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won’t have you running about in the room.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
[自主发现2]
表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有：have，let，keep，get，leave 等。
[合作探究3]
I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。
[自主发现3]
用于with复合结构中。
二、动词－ing形式作状语
[合作探究]
①Hearing the news，he couldn’t help laughing.
＝When he heard the news，he couldn’t help laughing.
一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。
②Not knowing her address，I had better telephone her to come over.
＝As I don’t know her address，I had better telephone her to come over.
由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。
③Working hard，you’ll surely succeed.
＝If you work hard，you’ll surely succeed.
如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。
④The child slipped and fell，hitting his head against the door.
＝The child slipped and fell，and hit his head against the door.
那个男孩滑了一跤，摔倒了，头撞到了门上。
⑤Having been told many times，he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.
＝Although he had been told many times，he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.
尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记住。
⑥Morris lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time.
＝Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.
莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
⑦He came running back to tell me the news.
他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
[自主发现]
①作时间状语；②作原因状语；③作条件状语；④作结果状语；⑤作让步状语；⑥作伴随状语；⑦作方式状语。
[名师提醒]
(1)动词－ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。
I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
(2)动词－ing形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化为并列谓语。
三、动词－ing形式作状语注意事项
1．动词－ing形式的时态
动词－ing形式作状语时，要注意其时间性，是用一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。
[合作探究1]
Walking in the street，I met an old friend of mine.
我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
Having finished the letter，he went to post it.
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
[自主发现1]
(1)当动词－ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一般式。
(2)当动词－ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用完成式。
2．动词－ing形式的语态
[合作探究2]
Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)
被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
Having finished his homework，he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)
完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。
[自主发现2]
使用动词－ing形式的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于动词－ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是动词－ing形式的逻辑主语。
3．动词－ing形式的否定式
[合作探究3]
Not knowing this，he didn’t come.
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
[自主发现3]
动词－ing形式的否定式为not＋v.－ing；not＋having v．－ed
4．动词－ing形式作评注性状语
[合作探究4]
Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad.
从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
[自主发现4]
有些动词－ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般来说”，judging by/from...“从……判断”，taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。
5．独立主格
[合作探究5]
The rain having stopped，we went on marching.
雨过之后，我们继续前进。
[自主发现5]
动词－ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
【学以致用1】 同义句转换
①As time passes by，we will have a better and better life.
→With _______ ___________ __________，we will have a better and better life.
②I saw that they were coming across the street.
→I saw_______ ___________ __________the street.
③I stood on the bridge and watched boats were passing by.
→I stood on the bridge and watched _______ ___________ __________．
④I felt that someone was patting me on the shoulder.
→I felt ___________ __________me on the shoulder.
⑤I heard that Mary sang a song in the next room last night.
→I heard _______ ___________ __________ __________ in the next room last night.
【学以致用2】 同义句转换
①It rained heavily and it caused great damage.
→It rained heavily，_______ ___________ __________．
②After he had eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out.
→_______ ___________ ____________ __________，the boy rushed out.
③The boy sat in front of the farm house，and cut the branches.
→The boy sat in front of the farm house，_______ ___________ __________．
④As I did not know how to get there，I had to ask the way.
→_________ ________ how to get there，I had to ask the way.
【学以致用3】 单句语法填空
①___________________(work) for three hours，he took a rest.
②Tom came _________________ (dash) into the room with some film tickets in his hand.
③_________________ (spend) all his money，the boy had to give his mother a call.
④_________________(see) nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note.
【学以致用4】 单句语法填空
①_________________(judge) from his accent，he must be from the south.
②_________________(tell) many times，he still couldn’t understand it.
③The lecture _________________ (give)，a lively question－and－answer session followed.
④_________________(take) everything into consideration，the result is better than expected.
⑤The weather _________ (be) hot，we had to stay at home.
答案
【学以致用1】 同义句转换
①As time passes by，we will have a better and better life.
→With time__passing__by，we will have a better and better life.
②I saw that they were coming across the street.
→I saw them__coming__across the street.
③I stood on the bridge and watched boats were passing by.
→I stood on the bridge and watched boats__passing__by．
④I felt that someone was patting me on the shoulder.
→I felt someone__patting me on the shoulder.
⑤I heard that Mary sang a song in the next room last night.
→I heard Mary__sing__a__song in the next room last night.
【学以致用2】 同义句转换
①It rained heavily and it caused great damage.
→It rained heavily，causing__great__damage．
②After he had eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out.
→Having__eaten__his__dinner，the boy rushed out.
③The boy sat in front of the farm house，and cut the branches.
→The boy sat in front of the farm house，cutting__the__branches．
④As I did not know how to get there，I had to ask the way.
→Not__knowing__how__to__get__there，I had to ask the way.
【学以致用3】 单句语法填空
①Having__worked__(work) for three hours，he took a rest.
②Tom came dashing (dash) into the room with some film tickets in his hand.
③Having__spent (spend) all his money，the boy had to give his mother a call.
④Seeing (see) nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note.
【学以致用4】 单句语法填空
①Judging (judge) from his accent，he must be from the south.
②Having__been__told (tell) many times，he still couldn’t understand it.
③The lecture having__been__given (give)，a lively question－and－answer session followed.
④Taking (take) everything into consideration，the result is better than expected.
⑤The weather being (be) hot，we had to stay at home.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When I was on my way to school this morning，I saw two women __________ (argue)．
2．My parents don’t allow us __________(watch) violent TV programmes.
3．With the temperature__________ (rise)，the leaves and grass began to appear.
4．When the little girl found so many people __________ (surround) her，she felt very nervous.
5．Don’t have the lights __________ (burn) all night.It will waste too much electricity.
6．__________ (see) from the tower，the city looks very beautiful.
7．__________ (work) harder at English，you’ll make greater progress.
8．__________ (finish) the work ahead of time，we have to work hard.
9．__________ (select) the proper present，they sent it to their respectable professor.
10．__________ (leave) some questions unanswered，my friend said goodbye to me.
Ⅱ.同义句转换
1．When she turned around，she saw a car driving up.
→= ___________ __________，she saw a car driving up.
2．John watched curiously，and thought that the woman seemed a little crazy.
→John watched curiously，_______ ___________ the woman seemed a little crazy．
3．As he was ill，he couldn’t attend the meeting.
→ ___________ __________，he couldn’t attend the meeting.
4．Because she had been bitten by a snake，she was frightened of it.
→_______ ___________ __________by a snake，she was frightened of it.
5．As John was away，Tom had to do the work.
→_______ ___________ __________，Tom had to do the work.
6．As it is Sunday，we needn’t go to school.
→_______ ___________ __________，we needn’t go to school.
7．Because he didn’t know what to do，he came to her for help.
→_______ ___________ __________ ___________ __________，he came to her for help.
8．As she hadn’t received his reply，she rang him up again.
→_______ ___________ _________________ ___________ __________，she rang him up again.
Ⅲ，能力提升(用with 的复合结构，翻译下列句子)
1).有这么多问题要解决，新当选的总统这一年过得很艰难。
______________________________________________________________________________
2).他躺在床上，眼睛盯着天花板。
______________________________________________________________________________
3).由于寺庙正在修缮，我们不能去参观了。
______________________________________________________________________________
4).学生们睁大眼睛听老师讲课。
______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When I was on my way to school this morning，I saw two women arguing (argue)．
2．My parents don’t allow us to__watch (watch) violent TV programmes.
3．With the temperature rising (rise)，the leaves and grass began to appear.
4．When the little girl found so many people surrounding (surround) her，she felt very nervous.
5．Don’t have the lights burning (burn) all night.It will waste too much electricity.
6．Seen (see) from the tower，the city looks very beautiful.
7．Working (work) harder at English，you’ll make greater progress.
8．To__finish (finish) the work ahead of time，we have to work hard.
9．Having__selected (select) the proper present，they sent it to their respectable professor.
10．Leaving (leave) some questions unanswered，my friend said goodbye to me.
Ⅱ.同义句转换
1．When she turned around，she saw a car driving up.
→Turning__around，she saw a car driving up.
2．John watched curiously，and thought that the woman seemed a little crazy.
→John watched curiously，thinking__that__the__woman__seemed__a__little__crazy．
3．As he was ill，he couldn’t attend the meeting.
→Being__ill，he couldn’t attend the meeting.
4．Because she had been bitten by a snake，she was frightened of it.
→Having__been__bitten__by__a__snake，she was frightened of it.
5．As John was away，Tom had to do the work.
→John__being__away，Tom had to do the work.
6．As it is Sunday，we needn’t go to school.
→It__being__Sunday，we needn’t go to school.
7．Because he didn’t know what to do，he came to her for help.
→Not__knowing__what__to__do，he came to her for help.
8．As she hadn’t received his reply，she rang him up again.
→Not__having__received__his__reply，she rang him up again.
Ⅲ，能力提升(用with 的复合结构，翻译下列句子)
1).有这么多问题要解决，新当选的总统这一年过得很艰难。
With so many problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard year.
2).他躺在床上，眼睛盯着天花板。
He was lying in bed, with his eyes fixed on the ceiling.
3).由于寺庙正在修缮，我们不能去参观了。
3) With the temple being repaired, we can’t visited it.
4).学生们睁大眼睛听老师讲课。
The students were listening to the teacher, (with) their eyes wide open.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xu Zhuoyuan, a 16-year-old girl from Changsha, Hunan Province, made history by becoming the 1 (young) Chinese female to conquer (征服) Qomolangma from the southern slope. The high school student started her exploration to the highest peak in the world in mid-April. After a struggling 10-hour climb, she 2 (successful) reached the summit (最高点) of Qomolangma.
Xu is not 3 stranger to mountain climbing. Her father, the first person from Hunan Province 4 (reach) the summit of Qomolangma, greatly influenced her. She 5 (be) on adventurous trips with him since she was a child. By the age of 16, she had already climbed five high hills over 5, 000 meters in China.
Even if Xu had rich climbing experience, Xu still prepared for this challenge seriously and looked forward 6 it. She 7 (take) strict and professional training to conquer Qomolangma. She once said on TV, “I will climb Qomolangma.”And she has now fulfilled her promise.
Xu talks about the importance of 8 (respect) nature and values every step toward: the summit. She took her father’s gloves 9 were worn during his successful summit adventure, as a witness (见证人) to her dream coming true. After university, she plans to continue climbing and conquering another seven 10 (mountain) and the North and South Poles.
【答案】1．youngest 2．successfully 3．a 4．to reach 5．has been 6．to 7．took 8．respecting 9．which/that 10．mountains
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道的是16岁女孩徐卓媛成功登顶珠峰，成为从南坡征服珠穆朗玛峰的最年轻的中国女性的事迹。
1．考查形容词最高级。句意：来自湖南省长沙市的16岁女孩徐卓媛创造了历史，成为从南坡征服珠穆朗玛峰的最年轻的中国女性。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名词female，空前有定冠词the，并且根据上文made history，所以此处使用形容词的最高级形式。故填youngest。
2．考查副词。句意：经过10个小时的艰苦攀登，她成功地登上了珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语，修饰动词reached，successful的副词形式为successfully意为“成功地”符合句意。故填successfully。
3．考查冠词。句意：徐对登山并不陌生。分析句子结构可知，stranger为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处使用冠词，结合句意可知，此处表是泛指，所以应使用不定冠词，stranger的首个音素为辅音，所以此处使用不定冠词a。故填a。
4．考查动词不定式。句意：她的父亲是湖南第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰的人，对她影响很大。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词person，因名词前有序数词the first修饰，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。故填to reach。
5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：她从小就和他一起冒险旅行。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语since she was a child可知，此处应使用现在完成时，be动词与句子主语She之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填has been。
6．考查介词。句意：尽管有丰富的攀岩经验，但他还是认真地为这次挑战做好了准备，并对此充满了期待。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语look forward to意为“期待”符合句意。故填to。
7．考查动词时态。句意：为了征服珠穆朗玛峰，她接受了严格的专业训练。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文语境可知，此处讲述的是她在征服珠穆朗玛峰前所接受的训练，讲述的是过去的事情，结合上文中的谓语动词prepared和looked可知，此处应使用一般过去时，且take与句子主语之间为主动关系。故填took。
8．考查动名词。句意：徐谈到了尊重自然的重要性，并重视攀登峰顶的每一步。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作宾语，介词of后应为动名词形式作宾语，结合句意，此处表示主动意义。故填respecting。
9．考查定语从句。句意：她带着父亲成功登顶时戴过的手套，作为她梦想成真的见证。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词gloves指的是物，所以此处使用关系代词which或者that。故填which/that。
10．考查名词复数。句意：大学毕业后，她计划继续攀登并征服另外七座山和南北两极。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作conquering的宾语，空前有seven修饰，所以此处使用名词复数形式。故填mountains。
2. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The conclusion of the recent Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics on Feb 20 also marked the end of the volunteering work of Armenian twin brothers Vahan and Hayk Gehamyan, both of 11 are Fudan University undergraduates.
The brothers served as translators for Team Armenia during the Games and also 12 (offer) assistance to athletes. 13 their busywork schedule, the brothers enjoyed their time in the Olympic Village. They made friends with their 14 (neighbor)—athletes from Finland and Ukraine—and cheered for these athletes 15 they were competing.
“It’s 16 great honor to serve as Olympic volunteers. We’re impressed by the charm of winter sports, such as the beautiful freestyle skiing and figure skating,” Hayk said.
“Moreover, we saw people from across the world 17 (live) under the same roof. It showed how the Olympic spirit of unity shines 18 (bright) throughout the games and beyond, which reminds us that people worldwide belong to the same human family,” he added.
Hayk said that they 19 (draw) to China as they wanted to experience the country’s fast economic development and culture. “We’re glad we made the 20 (decide) to come here,” he said.
【答案】11．whom 12．offered 13．Despite14．neighbors
15．when 16．a 17．living 18．brightly 19．were drawn 20．decision
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了复旦大学亚美尼亚的留学生在北京冬奥期间担任志愿者的故事。
11．考查定语从句。句意：最近于2月20日结束的北京2022年冬奥会也标志着亚美尼亚双胞胎兄弟瓦汉和海克·盖哈米扬志愿工作的结束，他们都是复旦大学的本科生。分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是Armenian twin brothers Vahan and Hayk Gehamyan，指人，关系词在介词of之后作宾语，用关系代词whom，故填whom。
12．考查动词时态。句意：兄弟俩在奥运会期间为亚美尼亚队担任翻译，并为运动员提供帮助。分析句子结构可知，据句中的第一个谓语served时态用一般过去时，and后面的并列谓语动词应为一般过去时。故填offered。
13．考查介词。句意：尽管他们有非常繁忙的时间安排，他们还是十分享受在奥运村度过的时间。根据句意可知，此处表达“尽管他们有非常繁忙的时间排”，their busy work schedule为名词短语，despite意为“尽管”，后接名词，首字母大写。故填Despite。
14．考查名词复数。句意：他们甚至与邻居，来自芬兰和乌克兰的运动员，成为朋友，并在比赛时为这些运动员欢呼。分析句子结构可知，此处作介词with宾语，用名词形式。根据后文中的athletes可知，此处用名词复数形式。故填neighbors。
15．考查时间状语从句。句意：他们甚至与邻居，来自芬兰和乌克兰的运动员，成为朋友，并在比赛时为这些运动员欢呼。分析句子结构，此处表示“在比赛的时候”，因此可使用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
16．考查冠词。句意：作为奥运会志愿者，我感到非常荣幸。根据句意，此处泛指“一个极大的荣誉”，great以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，a great honor为固定表达，意为“极大的荣誉”。故填a。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，我们看到来自世界各地的人生活在同一屋檐下。分析句子结构，此处作宾语补足语，强调来自世界各地的人们居住在同一个屋檐下，与前面宾语 people构成主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填living。
18．考查副词。句意：“它展示了奥林匹克的团结精神在整个奥运会期间和以后是如何闪耀的，这提醒我们，全世界的人都属于同一个人类大家庭，”他补充说。分析句子结构，此处修饰前面动词shines，用副词，作状语。故填brightly。
19．考查动词语态。句意：海克说，他们之所以被吸引到中国，是因为他们想体验中国快速的经济发展和文化。分析句子结构，此句为that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词，结合主句谓语said可知，此处从句谓语动词draw用一般过去时，与前面主语they构成被动关系，用被动语态，主语是复数，be动词使用were。故填were drawn。
20．考查名词。句意：“我们很高兴决定来这里，”他说。分析句子结构可知，此处作宾语，用木材decision，特指来到中国做冬奥会志愿者这个决定，应使用其单数形式。故填decision。
3. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词，如有括号提示，请以提示词的正确形式填空。
Lucy Black recently became the youngest person to travel to every country in the world. By the age of 23, she has visited all the countries in an effort to challenge 21 (she) and push the limits of 22 she believed was possible for a female traveler.
Lucy 23 (primary) used planes, boats, and trains to get around. It was not all plain sailing and there were many difficulties Lucy met, including 24 (arrange) visas to enter some countries. But the challenges 25 (balance) by the memorable experiences on her way. “There’re so many amazing experiences that can come out of traveling alone because you are more open to the connections with the 26 (local) than you would be in a big group,” she said.
Lucy had the pleasure of meeting 27 variety of people and experiencing different cultures. But the most 28 (value) experience of all was discovering a new sense of independence, she said.
For Lucy, nothing beats traveling, which she described 29 her favorite part of being alive. “ 30 I would be lying if I said I wasn’t enjoying taking time over the past year to recover from all the wear and tear I have done to my body over the past three years,” she added.
【答案】21．herself 22．what 23．primarily 24．arranging 25．were balanced 26．locals 27．a 28．valuable 29．as 30．But
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了Lucy Black最近成为最年轻的环游世界各国的人，分享了她的旅行经历和旅行感受。
21．考查反身代词。句意：到23岁时，她已经走遍了所有的国家，努力挑战自己，挑战她认为女性旅行者可能达到的极限。设空处作动词challenge的宾语，和主语指的是同一个人，意为“挑战她自己”，设空处填所给词she的反身代词herself。故填herself。
22．考查宾语从句。句意：到23岁时，她已经走遍了所有的国家，努力挑战自己，挑战她认为女性旅行者可能达到的极限。分析句子可知，设空处引导名词性从句作介词of的宾语，宾语从句中she believed为插入语，设空处在从句中作主语，结合句意可知，从句表示“她认为一个女性旅行者可以做到的”，指物，此名词性从句用连接代词what引导。故填what。
23．考查副词。句意：Lucy 主要使用飞机、船只和火车出行。设空处修饰动词uesd作状语，应填所给词primary的副词primarily。故填primarily。
24．考查非谓语动词。句意：这并不是一帆风顺的，Lucy遇到了许多困难，包括安排进入一些国家的签证。设空处作介词including的宾语，应填动词arrange的动名词形式。故填arranging。
25．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：但这些挑战被她旅途中令人难忘的经历所抵消。设空处在句中作谓语，结合上文“It was not all plain sailing and there were many difficulties Lucy met”以及句意可知此句陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时；主语the challenges与动词balance之间为被动关系，所以此句为一般过去时的被动语态，the challenges作主语，谓语动词用复数。故填were balanced。
26．考查名词。句意：她说:“独自旅行可以带来很多奇妙的体验，因为与和一大群人一起旅行相比，你更愿意与当地人建立联系。”设空处在句中在介词with的宾语，名词local“当地人；本地人”符合句意；local“当地人，本地人”为可数名词，此处表复数概念需要用名词复数形式，the locals指当地的人们。故填locals。
27．考查冠词。句意：Lucy很高兴能遇到各种各样的人，体验不同的文化。a variety of为固定搭配，表示各种各样的，设空处应填不定冠词a。故填a。
28．考查形容词。句意：但她说，最宝贵的经验是发现一种新的独立意识。句子结构分析可知“the most ______ (value)”修饰名词experience，设空处应填形容词valuable，the most valuable为形容词valuable的最高级。故填valuable。
29．考查介词。句意：对Lucy来说，没有什么比旅行更好的了，她说这是她生活中最喜欢的部分。describe…as为固定搭配，意为“把……描述为……”，设空处填介词as。故填as。
30．考查连词。句意：但如果我说我不喜欢在过去的一年里花时间从过去三年对我身体的磨损中恢复过来，那就是在撒谎。分析句意可知，该句和前句之间存在转折关系，设空处填表达转折意义的连词but“但是”，设空处置于句首，首字母大写。故填But。
4. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wan Qiuwen bas broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond all 24/7 to search and rescue tasks.
Wan and Song Yin, the only other female pilot, 31 (graduate) from Shanghai Maritime University in 2008 to join Donghai No. 1 Rescued Flying Service of the Ministry of Transport. “ 32 (be) a search and rescue pilot is a high-risk job. It is a big commitment and requires personal sacrifices 33 not many are willing to make. “But I feel lucky 34 proud to be a member of the great team,” Wan says. She was thrilled when she finally got the admission 35 the program and was sent to Adelaide, Australia, to train for 15 months, at the end of which she acquires 36 commercial pilot’s license. Back in the country, she received 37 (far) training in helicopter search and rescue.
Wan has since joined 300-plus 38 (mission) and has also taken up the role of a flight instructor. When 39 (ask) if she would continue to fly, Wan responded affirmatively, “This profession is about saving lives. A woman is 40 (perfect) capable of being a rescue pilot, once and always.”
【答案】31．graduated 32．Being 33．that/which 34．and 35．to/into 36．a 37．further 38．missions 39．asked 40．perfectly
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了万秋雯——首批两名全天候响应搜救任务的女性救援直升机飞行员之一和她作为女飞行员的经历及感受。
31．考查时态。句意：万秋雯和另外一名仅有的女飞行员宋寅，2008年毕业于上海海事大学，加入交通运输部东海第一救援飞行服务队。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分；由句子的时间状语in 2008可知，句子应该用一般过去时，空格处填过去式。故填graduated。
32．考查动名词。句意：搜救飞行员是一项高风险的工作。根据句意和所给be动词及分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的主语部分，所以应该用动名词being作主语，动名词表一般性的、抽象性的动作，位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填Being。
33．考查定语从句。句意：这是一项重大的承诺，需要做出个人牺牲，而不是很多人愿意做出这样的牺牲。根据句意并分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个限制性定语从句，对先行词sacrifices进行限定说明，先行词指物，而该定语从句缺少宾语，所以空格处应该填入关系代词which/that。故填that/which。
34．考查连词。句意：“但能成为这个伟大团队的一员，我感到幸运和自豪，”万秋雯说。根据空格前的形容词lucky和空格后的形容词proud可知，空格处应该填入一个并列连词连接lucky和proud，句子是肯定句，用and表并列。故填and。
35．考查介词。句意：当她最终被该项目录取并被送往澳大利亚阿德莱德进行15个月的培训时，她非常激动，最后她获得了商业飞行员执照。根据句意和空格前的名词admission可知，此处是考查名词admission和介词to或into的搭配，get admission to/into意为“准许加入”。故填to/into。
36．考查冠词。句意：当她最终被该项目录取并被送往澳大利亚阿德莱德进行15个月的培训时，她非常激动，最后她获得了商业飞行员执照。根据句意和空格后的单数可数名词license可知，空格处应该填入不定冠词，表示泛指，commercial的发音是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a。故填a。
37．考查形容词比较级。句意：回国后，她接受了直升机搜救方面的进一步培训。根据句意和句中的“back in the country”可知，空格处应该填入形容词far的比较级形式further (更进一步的)作定语，修饰后面的名词training。故填further。
38．考查可数名词单复数。句意：自那以后，万秋雯已经参加了300多个任务，并担任了飞行教练的角色。根据句意和所给可数名词mission以及空格前的300-plus可知，空格处应该填入mission的复数形式missions。故填missions。
39．考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及她是否会继续飞行时，万秋雯肯定地回答说：“这个职业是关于拯救生命的。一个女人完全有能力成为一名救援飞行员，永远如此。”根据空格前的连词when和所给动词ask并分析句子可知，when引导的时间状语从句意为“当她被问及是否会继续飞行时”，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，她被问，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，该从句完整的形式是When she was asked if she would continue to fly，从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是asked。故填asked。
40．考查副词。句意：当被问及她是否会继续飞行时，万秋雯肯定地回答说：“这个职业是关于拯救生命的。一个女人完全有能力成为一名救援飞行员，永远如此。”空格处用副词作状语修饰形容词capable，perfect的副词是perfectly。故填perfectly。
5.While famous foreign architects are invited 21 (lead) the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese 22 (architecture) are making great efforts to take the center stage.
Their efforts have been proven 23 (fruit) . Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, 24 (win) the Pritzker Architecture Prize, 25 is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture, on February 28, 2012. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.
Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA) . His office 26 (locate) at the Xiangshan campus of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original 27 (create) .
Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and 28 good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing 29 Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing 30 they really are,” said Wang.
【答案】21．to lead 22．architects 23．fruitful 24．won 25．which 26．is located 27．creations 28．a 29．on 30．what
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑得到了国际认可。
21．考查非谓语动词。句意：当著名的外国建筑师被邀请来领导中国标志性建筑的设计时，如新的中央电视台大楼和国家大剧院，许多优秀的中国建筑师正在努力走上舞台的中心。设空处在句中作非谓语，固定短语invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事。故设空处应用动词不定式的形式。故填to lead。
22．考查名词复数。句意见上题解析。设空处表示“建筑师”在句中作主语，空前为many设空处应为名词复数的形式。故填architects。
23．考查形容词。句意：事实证明，他们的努力是卓有成效的。设空处应用形容词作表语，故填fruitful。
24．考查谓语动词。句意：2012年2月28日，49岁的中国建筑师王澍获得了被称为建筑界诺贝尔奖的普利兹克建筑奖。他是第一位获得该奖项的中国公民。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语on February 28, 2012，可知句子的时态为一般过去时，设空处应用动词的过去式的形式。故填won。
25．考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意见上题解析。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句且在句中作指物的主语，先行词为the Pritzker Architecture Prize，故填which。
26．考查谓语动词。句意：他的办公室位于浙江杭州大学象山校区。设空处在句中作谓语，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，固定短语be located in表示“位于”，主语为His office，结合主谓一致。故填is located。
27．考查名词。句意：校园里的许多建筑都是他的原创作品。设空处前为形容词，形容词修饰名词，设空处应用名词的形式，空前为are，设空处应用名词复数的形式。故填creations。
28．考查冠词。句意：王澍的作品表现出对现代建筑的深刻理解和对传统的良好了解。a good knowledge of…对……有很好的了解。故填a。
29．考查介词。句意：今天，许多中国人正在学习西方的风格和理论，而不是关注中国的传统。focus on专注于。故填on。
30．考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：许多人倾向于谈论传统，而不知道它们到底是什么。设空处引导宾语从句且在句中作指物的表语，应用what。故填what。
6. In early December, Zhang Guimei was named a national outstanding (杰出的) member of the Communist Party of China for her 31 (contribute) to education in China.
About 20 years ago, while on the way to visit a student’s house, Zhang Guimei, then a teacher in Huaping, Yunnan Province, noticed a girl 32 (sit) on the hillside. The girl, 13, told Zhang she was about to get married. It was decided by her parents. “But I want to go to school,” the girl said. Zhang went to her house and tried to persuade (说服) her parents to let the girl return to school and promised to pay for the school fees 33 (her). However, they didn’t agree.
From then on, Zhang dreamed 34 building a free high school for girls. After years of trying to raise money, 35 (final) in 2008, Huaping High School for Girls, a free public high school, was founded at the foot of the Shizi Mountain in Huaping, 36 Zhang is the headmaster.
Her efforts have been worth it. Since 2008, more than 1,800 students 37 (admit) to college, which is considered a “miracle (奇迹)” in that far area.
Zhang plays 38 active part in local education. It is reported 39 she was given the honor at the country’s “role model for teachers” in February, 2021. Her 40 (move) stories encourage thousands of people.
【答案】31．contribution 32．sitting 33．herself 34．of 35．finally 36．where 37．have been admitted 38．an 39．that 40．moving
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章报道了兴建女子高中，对中国教育事业作出杰出贡献的华坪女中校长张桂梅。
31．考查名词。句意：12月初，由于对中国教育事业的贡献，张桂梅被评为中国共产党全国优秀党员。提示词作介词宾语，用名词contribution，意为“贡献”，常用单数形式。故填contribution。
32．考查非谓语动词。句意：大约20年前，当时在云南华坪当老师的张桂梅在去一个学生家的路上，注意到山坡上坐着一个女孩。notice sb doing sth是固定搭配，意为“注意到某人正在做某事”，用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作“正在发生，尚未结束”。故填sitting。
33．考查反身代词。句意：张去了她的家，试图说服她的父母让女孩回到学校，并承诺自己帮忙支付学费。根据句意，张桂梅承诺“自己”帮忙支付学费，用反身代词herself表示强调。故填herself。
34．考查介词。句意：从那时起，张的梦想是为女生建立一所免费的高中。dream of是固定短语，意为“梦想……”。故填of。
35．考查副词。句意：经过多年的筹款努力，终于在2008年，一所免费的公办中学华坪女中在华坪狮子山脚下成立了，张是这个学校的校长。修饰句子用副词finally，意为“终于”，作时间状语。故填finally。
36．考查定语从句。句意：经过多年的筹款努力，终于在2008年，一所免费的公办中学华坪女中在华坪狮子山脚下成立了，张是这个学校的校长。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Huaping High School for Girls，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在华坪女中”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
37．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：自2008年以来，已有1800多名学生被大学录取，这在那个遥远的地区被认为是一个“奇迹”。分析句子可知，admit(录取)是句中谓语动词，与主语1,800 students之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语Since 2008，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成的被动语态，复数形式。故填have been admitted。
38．考查冠词。句意：张积极参与当地的教育事业。paly a part in是固定短语，意为“参与……”，空格处用不定冠词，又因active发音是以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
39．考查固定句型。句意：据报道，她于2021年2月被授予国家“教师榜样”荣誉。It is reported that...是固定句型，意为“据报道……”，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。故填that。
40．考查形容词。句意：她感人的故事鼓舞了成千上万的人。修饰名词stories，用-ed形容词moving作定语，意为“动人的，感人的”。故填moving。
