Book 3 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
Period 2 Discovering Useful Structures
省略前提: 主谓宾, 定状表, 如有重复可删掉。
省略原则: 词语省略后, 不致令人费解。
在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了，重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变，这种语言现象叫省略。比较常用的省略句有以下几种：
一．简单句中的省略
1.省略主语 祈使句中的主语通常被省略; 其他省略主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法 ① Come in, please. ② See you tomorrow. ③ Thank you for your help. ④ Beg your pardon. ① (You) Come in, please. ② (I) See you tomorrow. ③ (I) Thank you for your help. ④ (I) Beg your pardon.
2.省略谓语部分 ① Sounds a good idea. ② Have a smoke ③ Something to drink ④ This way, please. ① (It) Sounds a good idea. ② (Will you) Have a smoke ③ (Would you like) Something to drink ④ (You come) This way, please.
3.省略宾语 当上、下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时, 下句或后句常省略宾语。 1).可以省略宾语的全部 ① --- Do you know Miss Hu --- I don't know (her). ② Tom enjoys dancing, but Peter hates (dancing). 2).可以省略作宾语的动词不定式, 只保留to, 但如果该 宾语是由动词be构成的不定式或不定式的完成形式, 则须在to后加上be或have。 ① Don't touch anything unless the teacher tells you to touch . ② --- Are you a teacher --- No, but I want to be a teacher . ③ --- He hasn't finished the task. --- Well, he ought to have finished it .
4.省略表语 答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语可省略。 ① --- Are you thirsty --- Yes, I am (thirsty). ② His brother isn't lazy. Nor is his sister (lazy).
感叹句的省略 在what和how引起的感叹句中, 常省略主语和be动词。 What a beautiful city (it is)! (这是)多么美丽的城市呀！
二、并列句中的省略
两个并列分句中,后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 1. 若主语或宾语相同, 省略共同的主语或宾语。 ① Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't (come to school to see me the next day). ② Lin's father was not at home, but his mother was (at home). 2. 若主语与谓语动词相同, 则省略后面的主谓成分。 His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry. 3. 若主语不同, 而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同, 则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。 Jack must have been playing football and Mary must have doing her homework. Jack must have been playing football and Mary doing her homework. 4. 若主语不同, 但主要动词及后续部分相同, 则省略后面的主要动词及后续部分。 I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob (was born in winter) in 1987.
主从复合句中的省略
1）省略主句
常见于句首或回答问题时, 只用从句。 --Why didn’t you come to class yesterday --(I didn’t come to class yesterday) Because I was ill.
2）状语从句的省略
1．在时间，条件，方式，比较，让步状语从句中，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be部分。 While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 当我正沿街而行时, 我听到有人叫我的名字。 Though (they were) tired, they went on working. 虽然累了, 但他们继续工作。 You shouldn’t come to his party unless (you are) invited. 除非你被邀请, 否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。 If (it is) possible, I’ll go outing. 如果可能的话,我将去郊游. The exhibition is more interesting than (it was)expected. 这个展览比预料的还有趣。 The workers just carried out the order as (they were ) told.工人们只是按要求的做了。 He opened his mouth as if (he were) to speak. 他张了张口，好像要说话。
2．也可用if any/ if so/ if not代替上文中的整个句子。 Get up early tomorrow, if not, you will miss the first bus. （if not = if you don’t get up early) 明天早起，如果不的话，你将会错过第一趟公交车。 He may not be at home then, if so, leave him a note. （if so= if he is not at home)那时他可能不在家，如果这样给他留个字条吧。
3）其它省略 .状语从句出现在句末时，一般都可以作句尾省略 ① John will go if Mary will (go). ② You can ask me questions if (there are) any (questions). (2).以as, than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。 After half an hour, she became quieter (than she had been).
注意：在虚拟语气中, 常省掉if, 从句使用倒装句式。 Were I you (=If I were you), I should give that guy a good lesson. 如果我是你的话, 我会好好地教训那个家伙一顿。
3）. 宾语从句的省略
1）so和not用在一些表示看法、意见的动词之后，替代宾语从句，so表肯定，not表否定。常见的动词有：be afraid, believe, expect, hope, imagine, guess, think, suppose等。 （注：代替否定的宾语从句时，用not或not…so都可以，但be afraid, hope和guess只能用not，而不能用not…so的形式。） —Do you believe our team will win 你相信我们队将会赢吗？ —I believe so. (=that our team will win)我相信会赢。 —Do you think it will rain 你认为会下雨吗？ —I hope not(=that it will not rain).我希望不会。 —Will you be able to finish the job this week 这周你能完成这份工作吗？ —I think not./ I don’t think so. 我认为不能。 —Can you work out the problem 你能解出这个问吗？ —I’m afraid not. 恐怕不能。
2）that的省略 宾语从句中常省略that, 但多个宾语从句并列时, 通常只省略第一个that。 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
3）其它省略 由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句， 可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。 Please pass me one of these books and I don't care which (you pass me).
定语从句中的省略
(1) 在限制性定语从句中, 作宾语的关系代词which, that, who, whom可以省略(whom, which紧跟在介词后时不能省略), 而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。 The man (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill. The man, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill. 当先行词是way, 后跟定语从句时, 关系词可以用that、in which或省略。 I like the way (that/in which) he talks
四．不定式的省略
（一）省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况
1.在to do sth中，只保留不定式符号to. I asked him to see the film , but he didn’t want to (see the film). 我请他去看电影，但他不想去。 You’d better finish the job on time if he ordered you to ( finish the job on time ). 如果他命令你, 你最好按时完成工作。 —Will you join in the game？你愿意加入做游戏吗？ —I’d be glad to (join in the game).我很高兴。 —Will you go with me 你愿意和我一起去吗 —Well, I’d like to (go with you). 嗯, 我愿意(和你一起去)。
2. 在to be sth中，保留to be. —Are you a sailor 你是海员吗？ —No, but I used to be (a sailor). 不，但我过去是。 The city now is much noisier than it used to be. 这个城市比过去喧闹多了.
3在to have done中，保留to have。 —Have you been to the West Lake 你去过西湖吗 —I hope to have (been to the West Lake). 我希望去过(西湖)。 —He hasn’t finished yet.他还没完成。 —Well, he ought to have (finished). 嗳，他本应该完成的。 ---- It seems that he has known the truth. 看来他已经知道了事实. ---- Yes, he seems to have. 是的,看来他好像知道了.
（二）省略动词不定式符号to的情况
1.动词不定式作感官动词feel, see, notice, watch, find, hear, listen to, observe和使役动词have, make, let等的宾语补足语时, 动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态, 其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略 We often hear him sing the song at home. →He is often heard to sing the song at home. 我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。
2.两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and, or, than, but连接时, 从第二个不定式起, 往往省略不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时不能省略。 She’d like to take off her coat and have a break. 她想脱下外套休息一会儿。 It’s more difficult to do than to say. 做比说难(强调语意前后对比)。
3.在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。 Why get so excited 为什么变得那么激动 Why not go out for a walk 为什么不出去散散步呢？
注意：but, except作介词, 后接动词不定式。如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么这些介词后的不定式不带to, 反之则要带to。 She could do nothing but cry. 她除了哭什么也做不了。 He has no choice but to leave. 他别无选择只有离开。
其它省略情况
介词的省略 (1) 一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常省略, 而保留其后的动名词。常见的结构有: have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth be busy (in) doing sth spend time/money (in) doing sth stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth (2) 表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, every, each等词之前, 一般都要省略；用在一段时间状语之前的 for 也可省略。(否定句中不能省略 for)。 We have a mid-term exam (in) every term. We have been here (for) three weeks. (3) 表示行为方式的 in 在 in this way, in the same way, in another way 等词组中, 经常被省略。 He did it (in) this way rather than (in) another way.
一些特殊结构中的省略 (1) signs/labels No parking. No parking (is allowed here). (2) newspaper headlines Turandot on stage. (The opera) Turandot (is being performed) on stage. (3) instructions Do not bend! Do not bend (this envelope). (4) postcards/diaries Best wishes. (I give you my) best wishes. (5) notes Opera OK, costumes great. (The) opera (was) OK, (and the) costumes (were) great.
While________(speak), make constant eye contact but do not stare fixedly at the interviewer.
【答案】speaking 句意为：说话时，要不断进行目光接触，但不要目不转睛地盯着面试官。“说话时”可译为：While you ares peaking；在状语从句中，从句的主语和主句的主语所指一致，且谓语有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词；本句的主句为祈使句，实际是省略了主语you，与从句主语是一致的。故填speaking。
When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant,as if__________(whisper) to the audience.
【答案】whispering 句意为：梁山伯和祝英台这对恋人初次见面时，音乐轻快悦耳，仿佛在向观众耳语。分析句子结构可知，此处考查as if引导的方式状语从句的省略，完整的从句为as if the music is whispering to the audience，从句是“主语＋系动词”结构，且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可省略从句的主语和系动词，保留现在分词。故填whispering。
Film has a much shorter history,especially when__________(compare) to music and painting.
【答案】compared 句意为：电影制作的历史要短得多，尤其是与音乐和绘画等艺术形式相比。分析句子结构可知，此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略。从句主语同主句主语（Film）一致，和动词compare之间是被动关系，即从句谓语为is compared，根据状语从句可省略主语和be动词的原则，省略后为compared。故填compared。
__________possible, I want to stay with you forever.
【答案】If 句意为：如果可能的话，我想永远和你在一起。分析句子结构可知，此处为省略结构 if possible，意为“如果可能的话”，为状语从句if it is possible的省略形式。故填If。
The global warming, if not properly__________(control), might lead to more natural disasters.
【答案】controlled 句意为：全球变暖，如果控制不当，可能会导致更多的自然灾害。if引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，且主语与control构成被动关系。故填controlled。
He cleared his throat as if__________(say) something.
【答案】to say 句意为：他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。as if引导的状语从句可用省略结构。当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，此处省略了he was。故填to say。
The exhibition about The Belt and Road is more interesting than__________(expect).
【答案】expected 句意为：关于“一带一路”的展览比预想的更有趣。than后完整的句子应是it is expected，表示“展览比预想的那样更有趣”，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句谓语含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词，由于展览是被预想，因此应用过去分词。故填expected。
__________tired, we felt excited to be able to help others.
【答案】Though／Although／While 句意为：尽管我们很累，但是能够帮助别人，我们感到很兴奋。分析句子结构和意思可知，上下文之间为转折关系，所以这里应用“虽然，尽管”对应的连词though／although／while，从句中省略了主语we和be动词were。故填 Though／Although／While。
Once___________(attach) to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer.
【答案】attached 句意为：一旦连接到轨道上，汽车将由系统提供电力，并由中央计算机控制。此处是Once引导的状语从句的省略结构，从句的主语为the car，与主句主语相同，the car与attach之间为被动关系，从句谓语应为is attached，完整从句为Once the car is attached to the rail。当状语从句和主句是同一主句且从句含义be动词时，从句可以省略主语和be动词。顾填attached。
10. Misunderstandings resulting from lack of social communication, unless__________(handle) properly, may lead to serious results.
【答案】句意为：由于缺乏社会沟通而产生的误解，除非处理得当，否则可能会导致严重的后果。unless引导的状语从句中，省略了misunderstandings和be动词，“误解”和“处理”之间是被动关系。故填handled.
阅读理解
A
Culture shock occurs when people have been suddenly thrown into a new culture. Newcomers maybe anxious because they don’t speak the language. Neither do they know the customs nor understand the people’s behavior in daily life.
Quite often the visitors find that “yes” may not always mean “yes”, that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship, or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes. The foreigners maybe unsure as to when to shake hands, when to start conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The idea of culture shock helps explain feelings of puzzlement and confusion.
Language problems do not lead to all the setbacks that people feel. When one has lost everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register (注册，登记) for university classes, or knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping with the new society may arise.
When an individual enters a strange culture, he or she feels like a fish out of water. Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to the culture and feel deserted by the native members of the culture. When this happens, visitors may want to refuse everything about the new environment and may glorify and sing their own praises of the positive aspects of their own culture. On the other side, more visitors may sneeze at their native country by rejecting its value and instead choosing to approve of the value of the new country. This may occur as an attempt to accept the new culture in order to be taken in by the people in it.
13．What might happen when newcomers enter a new culture
A．They have difficult yin saying yes or no.
B．They find it annoying to understand the friendship.
C．They refuse to shake hands with strangers.
D．They are puzzled by local customs and habits.
14．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “setbacks” in paragraph 3
A．discouragements B．achievements C．arguments D．amazement
15．How do the newcomers react in the face of the culture shock according to the last paragraph
A．They will miss their motherland deeply enough to return to their homeland.
B．They are willing to accept a new culture unconditionally and completely.
C．They try their best to fit into local life and live a positive and upward life.
D．They only contact fellow countrymen with the same experience.
16．What will the next paragraph talk about
A．What to do to ignore the differences. B．How to live comfortably abroad.
C．How to deal with the culture shock. D．What to do to avoid homesickness.
【答案】13．D 14．A 15．B 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。当人们突然被投入到一种新的文化中时，就会发生文化冲击。本文对文化冲击现象进行了简要介绍，文化冲击包括语言障碍、习俗差异、适应困难，以及新来者可能会采取的极端的处理方式。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Newcomers maybe anxious because they don’t speak the language. Neither do they know the customs nor understand the people’s behavior in daily life. (新来的人可能会焦虑，因为他们不会说这种语言。他们既不知道习俗，也不了解人们在日常生活中的行为。)”和第二段“The idea of culture shock helps explain feelings of puzzlement and confusion.(文化冲击的概念有助于解释困惑的感觉。)”可知，新来的人因不了解当地风俗习惯而感到困惑。故选D项。
14．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Language problems do not lead to all the setbacks that people feel. When one has lost everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register (注册，登记) for university classes, or knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping with the new society may arise.(语言问题并不会导致人们感受到的所有setbacks。当一个人失去了曾经熟悉的一切，比如了解交通系统、知道如何注册大学课程或知道如何交朋友时，应对新社会的困难可能会出现。)”，身处异国他乡产生的语言问题会让新来者陷入一个不熟悉的环境，遇到困难，遭遇挫折，setbacks意为“挫折”，与discouragements意思相近。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“On the other side, more visitors may sneeze at their native country by rejecting its value and instead choosing to approve of the value of the new country. This may occur as an attempt to accept the new culture in order to be taken in by the people in it. (另一方面，更多的来访者可能会对他们的祖国嗤之以鼻，拒绝它的价值，相反选择认可新国家的价值。这可能是为了被新文化中的人接受而试图接受新文化。)”可推知，为了融入到当地文化中，被新文化中的人接受，新来者愿意无条件完全地接受新文化。故选B项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When an individual enters a strange culture, he or she feels like a fish out of water. Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to the culture and feel deserted by the native members of the culture. When this happens, visitors may want to refuse everything about the new environment and may glorify and sing their own praises of the positive aspects of their own culture. On the other side, more visitors may sneeze at their native country by rejecting its value and instead choosing to approve of the value of the new country. This may occur as an attempt to accept the new culture in order to be taken in by the people in it. (当一个人进入一种陌生的文化时，他或她会感觉像一条离开水的鱼。新来者有时会觉得他们不属于这个文化，觉得被这个文化的本土成员抛弃了。当这种情况发生时，来访者可能想要拒绝新环境的一切，可能会赞美和歌颂自己文化的积极方面。另一方面，更多的来访者可能会鄙视他们的祖国，拒绝它的价值，而选择认可新国家的价值。这可能是为了适应新的文化而试图接受新的文化)”可知，最后一段阐述了两种思想倾向，或不能融入或全盘接受，这些都是很极端的做法，所以下文将会继续就如何应对文化冲击给出建议。故选C项。
B
Wherever we go, we are surrounded by history. Across the globe, cultural heritage is passed down through generations. It is in the buildings and structures around us. It is in the arts and artifacts (手工艺品 ) we treasure. It lives in the languages we speak and the stories we tell. But today, it is under attack as never before. Not only is the damage of time intimidating our cultural heritage, but wars, climate change, globalization and tourism are all exacting a heavy price. Technology is now the most important weapon in the battle. Here’s how technology is preserving our cultural heritage.
As you can imagine, creating the replicas (复制品 ) via crowdsourced 2D images is extremely time-consuming. Increasingly, artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to do all the required sourcing, allowing millions of images to be stored in a matter of hours. AI will also make restoration-and-preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and much better than former methods.
Virtual reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the coming years. Many of the most important sites and architecture are easily damaged. Human interaction with these locations is doing a great deal of harm. Wastes left could be seen everywhere, causing many problems. As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded, VR technology will increasingly become the way that people experience them. We’ll all eventually be able to walk through places, look at and touch artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes.
Finally, our cultural heritage will be preserved via technology. Efforts in research, innovation (创新), data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world.
17．What does the underlined word “intimidating” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Fading. B．Preserving. C．Recording. D．Threatening.
18．How does VR help to preserve cultural heritage
A．By recycling huge amounts of waste.
B．By stopping visitors touching artifacts.
C．By reducing human effects on the sites.
D．By educating people about the sites’ importance.
19．What is the author’s attitude to technology in preserving the cultural heritage
A．Positive. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Unsupportive.
20．Which can be the best title for this passage
A．How Technology Changes Arts
B．What Cultural Heritage Means to Us
C．Prepare for an Innovation in Technology
D．Preserve the Ancient with the Advanced
【答案】17．D 18．C 19．A 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了现代技术（AI和VR）怎样应用在文化遗产的保护上。
17．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“But today, it is under attack as never before. Not only are the damages of time intimidating our cultural heritage, but wars, climate change, globalization and tourism are all exacting a heavy price.”（但今天，它受到了前所未有的攻击。时间的破坏不仅intimidating我们的文化遗产，而且战争、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都在付出沉重的代价。）可知，文化遗产受到前所未有的攻击，冲突，气候变化，全球化和旅游业都在付出沉重的代价，not only …but also…连接并列结构，此处讲述对文化遗产的破坏，因此推断时间的破坏威胁着文化遗产。故可猜测，划线单词为“威胁”的意思，结合选项D项意思一致。故选D项。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段中“As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded, VR technology will increasingly become the way that people experience them. We’ll all eventually be able to walk through places, look at and touch artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes.”（随着越来越多的文化遗址和文物被数字化测绘和记录，VR技术将越来越多地成为人们体验它们的方式。我们最终都将能够在各个地方走动，观看和触摸人工制品和艺术作品，而不用亲眼看到它们。）可推知，VR技术可以模拟出这些文化遗产让我们感受而不用去现场，从而减少人类对文化遗产的影响以及破坏，以便保护这些文化遗产。故选C项。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Finally, our cultural heritage will be preserved via technology. Efforts in research, innovation (创新), data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world.”（最后，我们的文化遗产将通过技术得到保护。在研究、创新、数据共享和项目工作方面的努力将有助于促进和保护世界各国的文化遗产。）可推知，作者对文化遗产保护中技术的应用持积极肯定的态度。故选A项。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Here’s how technology is preserving our cultural heritage.”（以下是科技如何保护我们的文化遗产。)以及文章最后一段“Finally, our cultural heritage will be preserved via technology. Efforts in research, innovation (创新), data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world.”（最后，我们的文化遗产将通过技术得到保护。研究、创新、数据共享和项目工作的努力将有助于促进和保护世界各国的文化遗产。）可知，本文主要介绍现代技术应用在文化遗产的保护上。而D项“Preserve the Ancient with the Advanced(用先进的技术保护古代)”切合文意。故选D项。
C
America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while—then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flow more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending (延伸) sometimes deeply into both families.
Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality (好客) easily, but truly can’t manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably.
Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes.
For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for pure business matters. So accept their hospitality at home!
21．Where are we expected to call our American friends if we go there by plane
A．On the bus B．At the airport.
C．Near their home. D．At our own hotel.
22．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives.
B．Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy.
C．Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break.
D．Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families.
23．Which is the typical (典型的) way of American hospitality
A．Treating friends at home. B．Sharing everything they have.
C．Taking days off to be with friends. D．Meeting friends at the airport at midnight.
24．What’s the best title for the text
A．Friendships between Chinese B．Friendships between Americans
C．Americans’ hospitality D．Americans and Chinese’s views of friendship
【答案】21．D 22．C 23．A 24．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了美国和中国人对友谊的不同看法，介绍了美国人与中国人不同的交友待客习惯。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段“They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there.(他们可能希望我们坐公共汽车从机场到自己的旅馆，他们希望我们能从那里给他们打电话)”可知，如果我们坐飞机去那里，我们应该在自己的旅馆打电话给我们的美国朋友。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while—then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship.(两个人都可以互致一两年来的圣诞问候，也可能只是一段时间内写几封信——然后就再也没有了联系。如果同样的两个人再次偶然相遇，即使多年以后，他们也会重拾友谊)”可知，美国人即使在很长一段时间的中断之后仍会继续他们的友谊。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段“Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life.(美国人愿意在家里接待我们外国人，分享他们的假期和家庭生活)”以及倒数第二段“The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes.(然而，美国人通常在家里表达欢迎)”可知，美国人待客的典型方式是在家招待朋友。故选A项。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change.(美国是一个移动的社会。美国人之间的友谊可以是亲密而真实的，但如果情况改变，友谊很快就会消失)”以及文章主要内容为本文介绍了美国和中国人对友谊的不同看法，介绍了美国人与中国人不同的交友待客习惯。故D选项“美国人和中国人对友谊的看法”符合文章标题。故选D。
D
Lawrence Ganti from the US has lived in Switzerland, Japan, and India. When his work with Merck, a company that develops treatments for many of the world’s most challenging diseases, first took him to Japan, he was struck by how comfortable his Japanese co-workers were with silence. During meetings in the US, people are usually uneasy with quiet and fill a quiet period with talk. Not so in Japan. “You don’t break the silence unless you have something important to say,” says Ganti. Surprisingly, when he next lived in India, he found conversations were typically lively, loud and full of interruptions (打岔). “Silence is never expected,” he says.
The Japanese value the building of trust and relationships, Ganti adds. In Japan, nothing might be achieved in the first meeting, and no real progress may be made until the parties sit down for a lunch or dinner. Ganti remembers greeting foreigners who flew to Japan with the intention of holding their meeting and flying out that same day. “It’s just a half-hour discussion,” they told him. He replied, “That half-hour discussion won’t go anywhere.”
Cyrus Sabouri from New Jersey, the US, had similar experiences in the Middle East. He lives in Bahrain, where he works for American Express Middle East. “Meetings can require personal introductions, which often consume more of the meeting than the things to be discussed,” he says. He was frustrated by this custom when he first moved to the island nation. “You eventually learn that it is hard to draw the line between business and personal life,” he says. “Warm and friendly relationships can be the difference between a deal or no deal with the Bahraini.”
Ganti’s current job with Merck takes him throughout Latin America. While each country presents its own cultural puzzle to figure out, Ganti has found that cultures have a lot in common. In many parts of Latin America, for instance, giving straight advice or criticism in conversation isn’t typical. To make a point, he did just that in meetings, and attendees were often shocked. “I’m usually sent to places where change is needed,” Ganti says. “You have to make changes.”
25．How do Indians differ from the Japanese according to Ganti
A．They dislike being interrupted. B．They seem nervous in business meetings.
C．They easily accept silence. D．They usually talk excitedly.
26．What had the foreigners going to Japan expected according to paragraph 2
A．They would have a very interesting meeting.
B．They could get their tasks done soon.
C．They could leave Japan the next day.
D．They would be invited to dinner.
27．What upset Sabouri when he first worked in Bahrain
A．Bahrainis value relationships very highly.
B．There are a lot of long business meetings.
C．Personal introductions are often ignored.
D．Work is more important than life there.
28．What does Ganti find about many Latin Americans
A．They are generally willing to accept new ideas.
B．They like to solve puzzles in their spare time.
C．They hardly ever make comments on others.
D．They seldom express their views directly.
29．The author writes the text mainly to ________.
A．introduce his working experience in Latin America.
B．discuss American’s impression on Middle East.
C．talk about some cultural differences.
D．give some facts about Japanese manners.
【答案】25．D 26．D 27．A 28．D 29．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是美国的Lawrence Ganti在日本、中东以及拉丁美洲所感受到的文化差异。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段的“When his work with Merck, a company that develops treatments for many of the world’s most challenging diseases, first took him to Japan, he was struck by how comfortable his Japanese co-workers were with silence.(当他在默克公司(Merck)工作，第一次去日本时，他被他的日本同事对沉默的适应程度所震惊。默克公司为世界上许多最具挑战性的疾病开发治疗方法)”和“Surprisingly, when he next lived in India, he found conversations were typically lively, loud and full of interruptions (打岔).(令人惊讶的是，当他再次住在印度时，他发现人们的谈话通常是生动的、大声的，而且充满了打断)”可知，印度人和日本人的不同在于印度人通常兴奋地交谈。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据第二段的“In Japan, nothing might be achieved in the first meeting, and no real progress may be made until the parties sit down for a lunch or dinner.(在日本，第一次会谈可能一事无成，直到各方坐下来共进午餐或晚餐，才有可能取得真正的进展)”可推知，去日本的外国人会被邀请共进晚餐，因为只有各方坐下来共进午餐或晚餐，事情才会有真正的进展。故选D。
27．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的““Meetings can require personal introductions, which often consume more of the meeting than the things to be discussed,” he says. He was frustrated by this custom when he first moved to the island nation. “You eventually learn that it is hard to draw the line between business and personal life,” he says. “Warm and friendly relationships can be the difference between a deal or no deal with the Bahraini.”(他表示：“会议可能需要进行个人介绍，这往往比要讨论的事情占用了更多的会议时间。”当他刚搬到这个岛国时，他对这种习俗感到沮丧。他说：“你最终会发现，很难在工作和个人生活之间划清界限。”“能否与巴林达成协议的关键可能是温馨友好的关系。”)”可知，当Sabouri第一次在巴林工作时，让他沮丧的是巴林人非常重视人际关系。故选A。
28．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In many parts of Latin America, for instance, giving straight advice or criticism in conversation isn’t typical.(例如，在拉丁美洲的许多地方，在谈话中直接给出建议或批评并不常见)”可知，Ganti发现许多拉丁美洲人很少直接表达自己的观点。故选D。
29．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“When his work with Merck, a company that develops treatments for many of the world’s most challenging diseases, first took him to Japan, he was struck by how comfortable his Japanese co-workers were with silence.(当他在默克公司(Merck)工作时，第一次去日本时，他被他的日本同事对沉默的适应程度所震惊。默克公司为世界上许多最具挑战性的疾病开发治疗方法)”，倒数第二段的““Meetings can require personal introductions, which often consume more of the meeting than the things to be discussed,” he says. He was frustrated by this custom when he first moved to the island nation. “You eventually learn that it is hard to draw the line between business and personal life,” he says. “Warm and friendly relationships can be the difference between a deal or no deal with the Bahraini.”(他表示:“会议可能需要进行个人介绍，这往往比要讨论的事情占用了更多的会议时间。”当他刚搬到这个岛国时，他对这种习俗感到沮丧。他说:“你最终会发现，很难在工作和个人生活之间划清界限。”“能否与巴林达成协议的关键可能是温馨友好的关系。”)”和最后一段的“In many parts of Latin America, for instance, giving straight advice or criticism in conversation isn’t typical.(例如，在拉丁美洲的许多地方，在谈话中直接给出建议或批评并不常见)”可知，本文主要讲的是美国的Lawrence Ganti在日本、中东以及拉丁美洲所感受到的文化差异，因此作者写本文的目的是谈论文化差异。故选C。Book 3 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
Period 2 Discovering Useful Structures
省略前提: 主谓宾, 定状表, 如有重复可删掉。
省略原则: 词语省略后, 不致令人费解。
在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了，重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变，这种语言现象叫省略。比较常用的省略句有以下几种：
一．简单句中的省略
1.省略主语 祈使句中的主语通常被省略; 其他省略主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法 ① Come in, please. ② See you tomorrow. ③ Thank you for your help. ④ Beg your pardon. ① (You) Come in, please. ② (I) See you tomorrow. ③ (I) Thank you for your help. ④ (I) Beg your pardon.
2.省略谓语部分 ① Sounds a good idea. ② Have a smoke ③ Something to drink ④ This way, please. ① (It) Sounds a good idea. ② (Will you) Have a smoke ③ (Would you like) Something to drink ④ (You come) This way, please.
3.省略宾语 当上、下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时, 下句或后句常省略宾语。 1).可以省略宾语的全部 ① --- Do you know Miss Hu --- I don't know (her). ② Tom enjoys dancing, but Peter hates (dancing). 2).可以省略作宾语的动词不定式, 只保留to, 但如果该 宾语是由动词be构成的不定式或不定式的完成形式, 则须在to后加上be或have。 ① Don't touch anything unless the teacher tells you to touch . ② --- Are you a teacher --- No, but I want to be a teacher . ③ --- He hasn't finished the task. --- Well, he ought to have finished it .
4.省略表语 答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语可省略。 ① --- Are you thirsty --- Yes, I am (thirsty). ② His brother isn't lazy. Nor is his sister (lazy).
感叹句的省略 在what和how引起的感叹句中, 常省略主语和be动词。 What a beautiful city (it is)! (这是)多么美丽的城市呀！
二、并列句中的省略
两个并列分句中,后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 1. 若主语或宾语相同, 省略共同的主语或宾语。 ① Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't (come to school to see me the next day). ② Lin's father was not at home, but his mother was (at home). 2. 若主语与谓语动词相同, 则省略后面的主谓成分。 His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry. 3. 若主语不同, 而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同, 则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。 Jack must have been playing football and Mary must have doing her homework. Jack must have been playing football and Mary doing her homework. 4. 若主语不同, 但主要动词及后续部分相同, 则省略后面的主要动词及后续部分。 I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob (was born in winter) in 1987.
主从复合句中的省略
1）省略主句
常见于句首或回答问题时, 只用从句。 --Why didn’t you come to class yesterday --(I didn’t come to class yesterday) Because I was ill.
2）状语从句的省略
1．在时间，条件，方式，比较，让步状语从句中，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be部分。 While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 当我正沿街而行时, 我听到有人叫我的名字。 Though (they were) tired, they went on working. 虽然累了, 但他们继续工作。 You shouldn’t come to his party unless (you are) invited. 除非你被邀请, 否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。 If (it is) possible, I’ll go outing.
如果可能的话,我将去郊游. The exhibition is more interesting than (it was)expected. 这个展览比预料的还有趣。 The workers just carried out the order as (they were ) told.工人们只是按要求的做了。 He opened his mouth as if (he were) to speak. 他张了张口，好像要说话。
2．也可用if any/ if so/ if not代替上文中的整个句子。 Get up early tomorrow, if not, you will miss the first bus. （if not = if you don’t get up early) 明天早起，如果不的话，你将会错过第一趟公交车。 He may not be at home then, if so, leave him a note. （if so= if he is not at home)那时他可能不在家，如果这样给他留个字条吧。
3）其它省略 .状语从句出现在句末时，一般都可以作句尾省略 ① John will go if Mary will (go). ② You can ask me questions if (there are) any (questions). (2).以as, than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。 After half an hour, she became quieter (than she had been).
注意：在虚拟语气中, 常省掉if, 从句使用倒装句式。 Were I you (=If I were you), I should give that guy a good lesson. 如果我是你的话, 我会好好地教训那个家伙一顿。
3）. 宾语从句的省略
1）so和not用在一些表示看法、意见的动词之后，替代宾语从句，so表肯定，not表否定。常见的动词有：be afraid, believe, expect, hope, imagine, guess, think, suppose等。 （注：代替否定的宾语从句时，用not或not…so都可以，但be afraid, hope和guess只能用not，而不能用not…so的形式。） —Do you believe our team will win 你相信我们队将会赢吗？ —I believe so. (=that our team will win)我相信会赢。 —Do you think it will rain 你认为会下雨吗？ —I hope not(=that it will not rain).我希望不会。 —Will you be able to finish the job this week 这周你能完成这份工作吗？ —I think not./ I don’t think so. 我认为不能。 —Can you work out the problem 你能解出这个问吗？ —I’m afraid not. 恐怕不能。
2）that的省略 宾语从句中常省略that, 但多个宾语从句并列时, 通常只省略第一个that。 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
3）其它省略 由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句， 可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。 Please pass me one of these books and I don't care which (you pass me).
定语从句中的省略
(1) 在限制性定语从句中, 作宾语的关系代词which, that, who, whom可以省略(whom, which紧跟在介词后时不能省略), 而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。 The man (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill. The man, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill. 当先行词是way, 后跟定语从句时, 关系词可以用that、in which或省略。 I like the way (that/in which) he talks
四．不定式的省略
（一）省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况
1.在to do sth中，只保留不定式符号to. I asked him to see the film , but he didn’t want to (see the film). 我请他去看电影，但他不想去。 You’d better finish the job on time if he ordered you to ( finish the job on time ). 如果他命令你, 你最好按时完成工作。 —Will you join in the game？你愿意加入做游戏吗？ —I’d be glad to (join in the game).我很高兴。 —Will you go with me 你愿意和我一起去吗 —Well, I’d like to (go with you). 嗯, 我愿意(和你一起去)。
2. 在to be sth中，保留to be. —Are you a sailor 你是海员吗？ —No, but I used to be (a sailor). 不，但我过去是。 The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
这个城市比过去喧闹多了.
3在to have done中，保留to have。 —Have you been to the West Lake 你去过西湖吗 —I hope to have (been to the West Lake). 我希望去过(西湖)。 —He hasn’t finished yet.他还没完成。 —Well, he ought to have (finished). 嗳，他本应该完成的。 ---- It seems that he has known the truth. 看来他已经知道了事实.
---- Yes, he seems to have. 是的,看来他好像知道了.
（二）省略动词不定式符号to的情况
1.动词不定式作感官动词feel, see, notice, watch, find, hear, listen to, observe和使役动词have, make, let等的宾语补足语时, 动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态, 其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略 We often hear him sing the song at home. →He is often heard to sing the song at home. 我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。
2.两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and, or, than, but连接时, 从第二个不定式起, 往往省略不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时不能省略。 She’d like to take off her coat and have a break. 她想脱下外套休息一会儿。 It’s more difficult to do than to say. 做比说难(强调语意前后对比)。
3.在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。 Why get so excited 为什么变得那么激动 Why not go out for a walk 为什么不出去散散步呢？
注意：but, except作介词, 后接动词不定式。如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么这些介词后的不定式不带to, 反之则要带to。 She could do nothing but cry. 她除了哭什么也做不了。 He has no choice but to leave. 他别无选择只有离开。
其它省略情况
介词的省略 (1) 一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常省略, 而保留其后的动名词。常见的结构有: have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth be busy (in) doing sth spend time/money (in) doing sth stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth (2) 表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, every, each等词之前, 一般都要省略；用在一段时间状语之前的 for 也可省略。(否定句中不能省略 for)。 We have a mid-term exam (in) every term. We have been here (for) three weeks. (3) 表示行为方式的 in 在 in this way, in the same way, in another way 等词组中, 经常被省略。 He did it (in) this way rather than (in) another way.
一些特殊结构中的省略 (1) signs/labels No parking. No parking (is allowed here). (2) newspaper headlines Turandot on stage. (The opera) Turandot (is being performed) on stage. (3) instructions Do not bend! Do not bend (this envelope). (4) postcards/diaries Best wishes. (I give you my) best wishes. (5) notes Opera OK, costumes great. (The) opera (was) OK, (and the) costumes (were) great.
While________(speak), make constant eye contact but do not stare fixedly at the interviewer.
When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant,as if__________(whisper) to the audience.
Film has a much shorter history,especially when__________(compare) to music and painting.
__________possible, I want to stay with you forever.
The global warming, if not properly__________(control), might lead to more natural disasters.
He cleared his throat as if__________(say) something.
The exhibition about The Belt and Road is more interesting than__________(expect).
__________tired, we felt excited to be able to help others.
Once___________(attach) to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer.
10. Misunderstandings resulting from lack of social communication, unless__________(handle) properly, may lead to serious results.
阅读理解
A
Culture shock occurs when people have been suddenly thrown into a new culture. Newcomers maybe anxious because they don’t speak the language. Neither do they know the customs nor understand the people’s behavior in daily life.
Quite often the visitors find that “yes” may not always mean “yes”, that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship, or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes. The foreigners maybe unsure as to when to shake hands, when to start conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The idea of culture shock helps explain feelings of puzzlement and confusion.
Language problems do not lead to all the setbacks that people feel. When one has lost everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register (注册，登记) for university classes, or knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping with the new society may arise.
When an individual enters a strange culture, he or she feels like a fish out of water. Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to the culture and feel deserted by the native members of the culture. When this happens, visitors may want to refuse everything about the new environment and may glorify and sing their own praises of the positive aspects of their own culture. On the other side, more visitors may sneeze at their native country by rejecting its value and instead choosing to approve of the value of the new country. This may occur as an attempt to accept the new culture in order to be taken in by the people in it.
13．What might happen when newcomers enter a new culture
A．They have difficult yin saying yes or no.
B．They find it annoying to understand the friendship.
C．They refuse to shake hands with strangers.
D．They are puzzled by local customs and habits.
14．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “setbacks” in paragraph 3
A．discouragements B．achievements C．arguments D．amazement
15．How do the newcomers react in the face of the culture shock according to the last paragraph
A．They will miss their motherland deeply enough to return to their homeland.
B．They are willing to accept a new culture unconditionally and completely.
C．They try their best to fit into local life and live a positive and upward life.
D．They only contact fellow countrymen with the same experience.
16．What will the next paragraph talk about
A．What to do to ignore the differences. B．How to live comfortably abroad.
C．How to deal with the culture shock. D．What to do to avoid homesickness.
B
Wherever we go, we are surrounded by history. Across the globe, cultural heritage is passed down through generations. It is in the buildings and structures around us. It is in the arts and artifacts (手工艺品 ) we treasure. It lives in the languages we speak and the stories we tell. But today, it is under attack as never before. Not only is the damage of time intimidating our cultural heritage, but wars, climate change, globalization and tourism are all exacting a heavy price. Technology is now the most important weapon in the battle. Here’s how technology is preserving our cultural heritage.
As you can imagine, creating the replicas (复制品 ) via crowdsourced 2D images is extremely time-consuming. Increasingly, artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to do all the required sourcing, allowing millions of images to be stored in a matter of hours. AI will also make restoration-and-preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and much better than former methods.
Virtual reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the coming years. Many of the most important sites and architecture are easily damaged. Human interaction with these locations is doing a great deal of harm. Wastes left could be seen everywhere, causing many problems. As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded, VR technology will increasingly become the way that people experience them. We’ll all eventually be able to walk through places, look at and touch artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes.
Finally, our cultural heritage will be preserved via technology. Efforts in research, innovation (创新), data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world.
17．What does the underlined word “intimidating” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Fading. B．Preserving. C．Recording. D．Threatening.
18．How does VR help to preserve cultural heritage
A．By recycling huge amounts of waste.
B．By stopping visitors touching artifacts.
C．By reducing human effects on the sites.
D．By educating people about the sites’ importance.
19．What is the author’s attitude to technology in preserving the cultural heritage
A．Positive. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Unsupportive.
20．Which can be the best title for this passage
A．How Technology Changes Arts
B．What Cultural Heritage Means to Us
C．Prepare for an Innovation in Technology
D．Preserve the Ancient with the Advanced
C
America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while—then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flow more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending (延伸) sometimes deeply into both families.
Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality (好客) easily, but truly can’t manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably.
Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes.
For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for pure business matters. So accept their hospitality at home!
21．Where are we expected to call our American friends if we go there by plane
A．On the bus B．At the airport.
C．Near their home. D．At our own hotel.
22．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives.
B．Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy.
C．Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break.
D．Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families.
23．Which is the typical (典型的) way of American hospitality
A．Treating friends at home. B．Sharing everything they have.
C．Taking days off to be with friends. D．Meeting friends at the airport at midnight.
24．What’s the best title for the text
A．Friendships between Chinese B．Friendships between Americans
C．Americans’ hospitality D．Americans and Chinese’s views of friendship
D
Lawrence Ganti from the US has lived in Switzerland, Japan, and India. When his work with Merck, a company that develops treatments for many of the world’s most challenging diseases, first took him to Japan, he was struck by how comfortable his Japanese co-workers were with silence. During meetings in the US, people are usually uneasy with quiet and fill a quiet period with talk. Not so in Japan. “You don’t break the silence unless you have something important to say,” says Ganti. Surprisingly, when he next lived in India, he found conversations were typically lively, loud and full of interruptions (打岔). “Silence is never expected,” he says.
The Japanese value the building of trust and relationships, Ganti adds. In Japan, nothing might be achieved in the first meeting, and no real progress may be made until the parties sit down for a lunch or dinner. Ganti remembers greeting foreigners who flew to Japan with the intention of holding their meeting and flying out that same day. “It’s just a half-hour discussion,” they told him. He replied, “That half-hour discussion won’t go anywhere.”
Cyrus Sabouri from New Jersey, the US, had similar experiences in the Middle East. He lives in Bahrain, where he works for American Express Middle East. “Meetings can require personal introductions, which often consume more of the meeting than the things to be discussed,” he says. He was frustrated by this custom when he first moved to the island nation. “You eventually learn that it is hard to draw the line between business and personal life,” he says. “Warm and friendly relationships can be the difference between a deal or no deal with the Bahraini.”
Ganti’s current job with Merck takes him throughout Latin America. While each country presents its own cultural puzzle to figure out, Ganti has found that cultures have a lot in common. In many parts of Latin America, for instance, giving straight advice or criticism in conversation isn’t typical. To make a point, he did just that in meetings, and attendees were often shocked. “I’m usually sent to places where change is needed,” Ganti says. “You have to make changes.”
25．How do Indians differ from the Japanese according to Ganti
A．They dislike being interrupted. B．They seem nervous in business meetings.
C．They easily accept silence. D．They usually talk excitedly.
26．What had the foreigners going to Japan expected according to paragraph 2
A．They would have a very interesting meeting.
B．They could get their tasks done soon.
C．They could leave Japan the next day.
D．They would be invited to dinner.
27．What upset Sabouri when he first worked in Bahrain
A．Bahrainis value relationships very highly.
B．There are a lot of long business meetings.
C．Personal introductions are often ignored.
D．Work is more important than life there.
28．What does Ganti find about many Latin Americans
A．They are generally willing to accept new ideas.
B．They like to solve puzzles in their spare time.
C．They hardly ever make comments on others.
D．They seldom express their views directly.
29．The author writes the text mainly to ________.
A．introduce his working experience in Latin America.
B．discuss American’s impression on Middle East.
C．talk about some cultural differences.
D．give some facts about Japanese manners.
