(共34张PPT)
第15课时 八年级下册 Unit 7~ Unit 8
精讲 精练
一、辨析a number of，the number of
a number of意为“许多；大量”，相当于a lot of，后面接名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
the number of意为“……的数量”，后面接名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。
例：A number of apples are red.
许多苹果是红色的。
The number of the students is 2，000.
学生的数量是2000人。
【同步练习】
1．—What ______ the number of students in your school
—About two thousand.A number of them _______ from the countryside.
2．Here are some new books.A number of the books ______ about history and culture.
is
are
are
二、belong to
belong to意为“属于；归……所有”，其中belong属于不及物动词，常与介词to连用。后接代词作宾语时，要用宾格形式(不可用物主代词)；后接名词时，也不能用所有格。belong to sb.＝be one's“属于某人的”，one's是物主代词，也可用名词所有格形式。
例：The bicycle belongs to Amy.
＝The bicycle is Amy's.
这辆自行车是埃米的。
【同步练习】
1．The book belongs to me.(同义句转换)
The book _____ _______．
2．—Are these books ________？
—No，they are not mine.They belong to _______(他)．
is
mine
your
him
三、population
population指人口总数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但当population前有分数、百分数等修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。
population还可以被large/small修饰，表示“人口众多或稀少”，但不能被many/few修饰。询问人口多少的常用句型；What is the population of...
注：many/few可修饰people。how many people意为“多少人”。
例：What is the population of Hangzhou
＝How many people are there in Hangzhou
杭州有多少人？
More than three quarters of the population are Chinese.
超过四分之三的人口是中国人。
What is the population of Wenzhou
温州的人口有多少？
【同步练习】
1．The population of the world _____ still increasing now.
2．The population of Shanghai is _________ than that of Hangzhou.
3．—________ is the population of the country
—Sorry，I don't know.
is
larger
What
四、achieve，realize，succeed，come true辨析
1．achieve和realize是及物动词，以“人”作主语，表示某人实现梦想、目标等；“come true”是不及物动词短语，以梦想等作主语，表示梦想、目标等成为事实。试比较：
Many people are working hard to achieve their goals.很多人正在努力工作来实现他们的目标。
She finally realized her dream of becoming a singer.她终于实现了当歌唱家的梦想。
His hope won't come true easily.他的希望不容易实现。
2．succeed与achieve都表示“成功”，区别在于，succeed是不及物动词，常用于短语“succeed in doing sth.”；而achieve是及物动词。例：
Very few people succeed in losing weight.很少有人减肥成功。
Wilson has achieved considerable success as an artist.作为一名艺术家，威尔逊取得了相当大的成功。
【同步练习】
用achieve，realize，come true，succeed填空。
1．If you work hard，you will ________________ your dream one day.
2．His wish to study music has ____________ at last.
3．China wants its own Internet companies to __________．
4．The old man finally ___________ the success that he had dreamed of.
realize/achieve
come true
succeed
achieved
五、辨析see/watch/hear/notice sb.do sth.和see/watch/hear/notice sb.doing sth.
前一个短语后面接的是不定式，表示看到/听到/注意到了事情发生的全过程，强调动作的完整性；后一个短语后面接的是动名词，表示事情正在发生，强调动作的进行性。
例：I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调“我见他正干活”这个动作片段)
需要注意的是，在被动语态中，不定式标志to需要恢复。
例：He was seen to work in the garden yesterday.
有人看到他昨天在花园里干活。
【同步练习】
1．While I was walking along the lake，I saw some fish ____________(jump) out of the water.
2．Seeing their teacher ________(walk)into the classroom，they stopped ___________(talk)at once.
3．The young man was often seen ___________(draw)by the lake.
jumping
walk
talking
to draw
六、辨析for，since
现在完成时中常用for或since引导时间状语，for后接表示一段时间的词或短语，如for 5 years。
since后接表示过去某一时间的词或短语，如：since last month，也可接表示过去某一时间的时间状语从句，如：since he came to China。
即：for＋时间段；since＋时间点。
相关结构：it is＋时间段＋since＋从句(一般过去时)，自从……到现在已有多长时间了。
例：It's ten years since we met.
自从我们上次碰面到现在已有10年了。
I've had it since I was a baby.
我还是个婴儿的时候就拥有它了。
I've had this magazine for a couple of months.
这本杂志我买了几个月了。
【同步练习】
1．I have made a lot of good friends ________ I came to China.
2．My grandfather likes the small village very much.So far he has lived there ______ 50 years.
3．They haven't seen each other ________ two months ago.
since
for
since
七、辨析already，yet
already意为“已经”，指某事发生比预期还早，可用于肯定句或疑问句，可置于句中或句尾。
yet意为“尚未”，是指预期某事发生，但尚未发生，多用于否定句或疑问句，置于句尾。
例：—Have you read Little Woman yet
—你看过《小妇人》这本书吗？
—Yes，I've already read it.
—是的，我已经看过了。
I haven't finished reading it yet.
我还没看完。
【同步练习】
1．They have _________ known each other for six years.
2．They have seen the film already.(改为否定句)
They __________ seen the film ______．
already
haven't
yet
八、put类短语
put away把……收起来
put back放回原处
put down放下
put into投入
put off推迟
put on穿上；增加；发胖
put out熄灭
pu sth.to good use好好利用某物
put up举起；挂起
【同步练习】
在横线上填入一个适当的词语。
1．Don't put ______ today's work till tomorrow.
2．They put ______ a new tent near the lake.
3．He put ______ his coat and hurried out of the house.
4．Put ______ your hands if you have any questions.
5．Please put ________ your books.We'll start the test.
off
up
on
up
away
九、silence
silence名词，意为“沉默”。形容词silent。
in silence副词性短语，意为“沉默地，静静地”。
be in silence＝keep/stay silent
词汇联想：in surprise惊讶地；in person亲自地；in peace 平和地。
例：We finished the rest of our dinner in silence.
我们默默地吃完剩下的晚餐。
【同步练习】
听到这个坏消息，Robert默默地跟他的朋友一起走回家。
When he heard the bad news，Robert walked home together with his friends ___________．
in silence
十、against
against介词，意为“反对”，反义词for，意为“支持”；又可意为“靠，倚”。
相关短语：play against与……打对抗赛；against the rules违反规则；protect sth.against sth.保护……，使……不受。
例：The rain began to beat heavily against the windows.
雨开始猛烈地敲击着窗户。
I'm against building a new zoo in our town.
我反对在我们镇上建一个新的动物园。
There is a ladder against the wall.
有一架梯子靠在墙上。
【同步练习】
1．I'm strongly _________(反对)smoking because it may cause cancer.
2．We'll play basketball ______ Class 3 tomorrow.
A．over B．against C．to D．for
against
B
一、词汇拓展
1．tour(n.)→_________(n.)旅行者
2．protect(v.)→____________(n.)
3．achieve(v.)→______________(n.)
4．include(v.)→___________(prep.)
5．succeed(v.)→_________(n.)→___________(adj.)
6．nature(n.)→_________(adj.)
7．weigh(v.)→_________(n.)
8．sleep→_________(adj.)睡着的→________(adj.)困倦的
9．keep(v.)→_________(n.)
tourist
protection
achievement
including
success
successful
natural
weight
asleep
sleepy
keeper
课时自测
10．awake(adj.)→_________(v.)
11．excite(v.)→_____________(n.)→__________(adj.)兴奋的→_________(adj.)使人兴奋的
12．illness(n.)→______(adj.)
13．remaining(adj.)→_________(v.)
14．laugh(v.)→__________(n.)笑声
15．beauty(n.)→___________(adj.)
16．introduce(v.)→______________(n.)
17．south(n.)→___________(adj.)
18．silent(adj.)→_________(n.)
19．suit(v.)→_____(同义词)
20．silly(adj.)→________(同义词)
wake
excitement
excited
exciting
ill
remain
beautiful
introduction
southern
silence
fit
stupid
laughter
二、单词拼写
1．They have _________ known each other for six years.
2．The _________ man saved many lives in the fire.
3．China lies in the east of _______．
4．The ancient emperors built the wall to _________ their part of the country.
5．The Pacific ________ lies to the east of China.
6．She never gives up trying to _________ her dreams.
7．—This shirt doesn't ______ me well.Can I change it
—Certainly.
already
brave
Asia
protect
Ocean
achieve
fit
8．Mr.Black is new.Let me ___________ him to you.
9．There was no computer in _________ times.
10．The story is about __________ life in big cities，such as the importance of success.
11．My interests _________ football，swimming and reading.
12．She was very anxious to get away from cities and back to _________．
13．The couple has two ________ sons.Both of them have left the family and lived independently.
14．Nowadays lots of _______ animals are endangered because of human activities.
15．The living ___________ of whales are getting worse.We should think of ways to help them.
introduce
ancient
modern
include
nature
adult
wild
conditions
16．China has an area of about 9，600，000 __________ kilometers.
17．He is very tall and strong.He _________ about 150kg.
18. The _______ guide is introducing the history of the Great Wall to the visitors.
19．The weather in the ___________ part of China is wet and warm.
20．The Oxford English Dictionary is a useful ______ for us to learn English.
21．He broke the world ________ and won the gold medal.
22．If you find any mistakes in the article，please _______ them with a pencil.
23．People have planted a lot of trees and grass to stop wind and _______ in the desert.
24．Trees can stop the sand from moving _________ the farmland.
25．Science and _____________ are making great changes in the world.
square
weighs
tour
southern
tool
record
mark
sand
towards
technology
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．There are 10 people in the office，____________(include)Sam.
2．The sun ________(shine)brightly in the sky yesterday.
3．The noise outside kept me _________(wake)all night.
4．It is a great ______________(achieve)for him.
5．I don't like eating ___________(west)food.
6．The baby panda died from a strange ________(ill)．
7．It is difficult for me to speak _________(France)well.
8．When I first __________(arrive)in the city，I had nothing.
9．Every year __________ (million)of tourists come to visit Hangzhou.
including
shone
awake
achievement
western
illness
French
arrived
millions
10．Miss Wu _____________(teach)as an English teacher for 10 years.
11．This street is three times ________(wide)than that one.
12．The noise outside kept me _________(wake)all night.
13．It is a great ______________(achieve)for him.
14．Little children should live under the ____________(protect)of their parents.
15．Christmas Day celebrates the ________(born)of Jesus Christ.
16．You can be ____________(success)with your hard work like many others.
17．China is an ________(Asia)country and the UK is a European country.
18．The zoo _________(keep)is worried because the number of visitors is becoming smaller and smaller.
has taught
wider
awake
achievement
protection
birth
successful
Asian
keeper
19．In my eyes，one of the best ways to lose _________(weigh)is to exercise often.
20．We should eat more __________(nature)food and take plenty of physical exercises.
21．The kids jumped up and down with great _____________(excite)．
22．All the __________(tour)are satisfied with the beauty of the lake.
23．The speech at the graduation ceremony was so inspiring that every one of us was _________(deep)moved.
24．They used a lot of _______(sand)when they built the house.
25．She sold her ___________(treasure)to send her son to study abroad.
weight
natural
excitement
tourists
deeply
sand
treasures
四、阅读理解
According to a Japanese study，listening to slow music that is considered to be sad can actually cause positive emotions.The researchers from Tokyo University explain that this is because sad music can remind people of romantic films or situations and these romantic feelings can make people feel happier.
The findings help to explain why people enjoy listening to sad music，according to Ai Kawakami and his colleagues from Tokyo University of the Arts and the RIKEN Brain Science Institute in Japan.
Kawakami asked 44 volunteers，including both musicians and common people，to listen to two pieces of music，one of which was considered to be sad and the other to be happy.Each participant(参与者) was required to use a set of keywords to describe both their understanding of the music and their own emotional state.
The researchers explained that sad music caused opposite emotions because the participants of the study tended to think that sad music was more tragic，less romantic and less cheerful than they felt while listening to it.
“In general，sad music produces sadness in listeners，and sadness is considered as an unpleasant emotion. Yet if sad music actually causes only unpleasant emotion，we would not listen to it.” Kawakami said，“Music that is regarded as sad actually causes romantic emotion as well as sad emotion.Also，unlike sadness in daily life, sadness that is experienced through art actually seems pleasant，possibly because the latter does not cause an actual threat to our safety.” This could help people to deal with their negative emotions in daily life，according to the researchers.
This study contradicts(与……矛盾)previous research that people have to listen to happy music to improve their moods.But this only works if people are very clear that they're trying to make themselves happier by listening to the songs.
( )1.The underlined word “positive” means “________”．
A．bad B．angry C．good D．unpleasant
( )2.The findings of the study are good news for those ________．
A．who love listening to happy music
B．with positive emotions
C．with negative emotions
D．who love listening to rock music
C
C
( )3.Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Volunteers were mainly chosen from musicians.
B．Sad music actually causes only unpleasant emotions.
C．Sad music will do great harm to our emotions.
D．People can also feel happy when listening to sad music.
( )4.The last paragraph implies(暗示)that ________．
A．the latest Japanese study has proven to be true
B．people have to listen to happy music to be happier
C．those who listen to happy music want to be happier
D．listening to happy music may not make people happier
D
D
( )5.Which one is the best title for the passage
A．Stop listening to happy music.
B．Sad music can cheer us up.
C．Don't listen to sad music any more.
D．Sad music makes us live longer.
B
五、语法填空
Huaguo Mountain is a famous beauty spot in Lianyungang，China.Every year many 1.__________(tour)come here to enjoy its beautiful scenery.2._______ a few years ago，a lot of bad manners happened quite often during the travel.Some 3._________ (throw)litters，painted on the walls，and spit(吐痰)on the ground everywhere.Some picked flowers，broke trees and hurt animals.And even 4._________(badly)，some smoked in the woods.5.________ dangerous!
6．__________(luck)，things have changed now.Rubbish is always put into dustbins.People are 7.__________(friend)to animals.Nobody smokes around the woods and places of interest are well kept.All these changes make us happy.
tourists
But
threw
worse
How
Luckily
friendly
As a student，I think we should know it‘s our duty(责任)8.__________(protect) the environment.9._____ order to make Huaguo Mountain and our city more beautiful，let’s behave well and try 10._______(we)best to help fight against bad behaviors.
to protect
In
Our中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第15课时 八年级下册 Unit 7~Unit 8
课时自测
一、词汇拓展
1．tour(n.)→_____________(n.)旅行者
2．protect(v.)→___________(n.)
3．achieve(v.)→_______________(n.)
4．include(v.)→____________(prep.)
5．succeed(v.)→_________(n.)→________(adj.)
6．nature(n.)→_________(adj.)
7．weigh(v.)→__________(n.)
8．sleep→______________(adj.)睡着的→_________(adj.)困倦的
9．keep(v.)→________(n.)
10．awake(adj.)→_____________(v.)
11．excite(v.)→_____________(n.)→________(adj.)兴奋的→__________(adj.)使人兴奋的
12．illness(n.)→_________(adj.)
13．remaining(adj.)→________(v.)
14．laugh(v.)→__________(n.)笑声
15．beauty(n.)→_________(adj.)
16．introduce(v.)→_________(n.)
17．south(n.)→__________(adj.)
18．silent(adj.)→___________(n.)
19．suit(v.)→__________(同义词)
20．silly(adj.)→_________(同义词)
二、单词拼写
1．They have a________ known each other for six years.
2．The b________ man saved many lives in the fire.
3．China lies in the east of A_________．
4．The ancient emperors built the wall to p_________ their part of the country.
5．The Pacific O__________ lies to the east of China.
6．She never gives up trying to a_________ her dreams.
7．—This shirt doesn't f_________ me well.Can I change it
—Certainly.
8．Mr.Black is new.Let me i___________ him to you.
9．There was no computer in a__________ times.
10．The story is about m___________ life in big cities，such as the importance of success.
11．My interests i_________ football，swimming and reading.
12．She was very anxious to get away from cities and back to n_____________．
13．The couple has two a________ sons.Both of them have left the family and lived independently.
14．Nowadays lots of w__________ animals are endangered because of human activities.
15．The living c___________ of whales are getting worse.We should think of ways to help them.
16．China has an area of about 9，600，000 s_________ kilometers.
17．He is very tall and strong.He w_________ about 150kg.
18. The t_______ guide is introducing the history of the Great Wall to the visitors.
19．The weather in the s_________ part of China is wet and warm.
20．The Oxford English Dictionary is a useful t_________ for us to learn English.
21．He broke the world r_________ and won the gold medal.
22．If you find any mistakes in the article，please m________ them with a pencil.
23．People have planted a lot of trees and grass to stop wind and s_______ in the desert.
24．Trees can stop the sand from moving t_________ the farmland.
25．Science and t__________ are making great changes in the world.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．There are 10 people in the office，________(include)Sam.
2．The sun _____________(shine)brightly in the sky yesterday.
3．The noise outside kept me ________(wake)all night.
4．It is a great ______________(achieve)for him.
5．I don't like eating ______________(west)food.
6．The baby panda died from a strange ______________(ill)．
7．It is difficult for me to speak _____________(France)well.
8．When I first __________(arrive)in the city，I had nothing.
9．Every year _____________(million)of tourists come to visit Hangzhou.
10．Miss Wu _________(teach)as an English teacher for 10 years.
11．This street is three times _________(wide)than that one.
12．The noise outside kept me _____________(wake)all night.
13．It is a great __________(achieve)for him.
14．Little children should live under the _________(protect)of their parents.
15．Christmas Day celebrates the _________(born)of Jesus Christ.
16．You can be _______(success)with your hard work like many others.
17．China is an __________(Asia)country and the UK is a European country.
18．The zoo _________(keep)is worried because the number of visitors is becoming smaller and smaller.
19．In my eyes，one of the best ways to lose _________(weigh)is to exercise often.
20．We should eat more ________(nature)food and take plenty of physical exercises.
21．The kids jumped up and down with great _________(excite)．
22．All the _________(tour)are satisfied with the beauty of the lake.
23．The speech at the graduation ceremony was so inspiring that every one of us was _________(deep)moved.
24．They used a lot of __________(sand)when they built the house.
25．She sold her __________(treasure)to send her son to study abroad.
四、阅读理解
According to a Japanese study，listening to slow music that is considered to be sad can actually cause positive emotions.The researchers from Tokyo University explain that this is because sad music can remind people of romantic films or situations and these romantic feelings can make people feel happier.
The findings help to explain why people enjoy listening to sad music，according to Ai Kawakami and his colleagues from Tokyo University of the Arts and the RIKEN Brain Science Institute in Japan.
Kawakami asked 44 volunteers，including both musicians and common people，to listen to two pieces of music，one of which was considered to be sad and the other to be happy.Each participant(参与者) was required to use a set of keywords to describe both their understanding of the music and their own emotional state.
The researchers explained that sad music caused opposite emotions because the participants of the study tended to think that sad music was more tragic，less romantic and less cheerful than they felt while listening to it.
“In general，sad music produces sadness in listeners，and sadness is considered as an unpleasant emotion. Yet if sad music actually causes only unpleasant emotion，we would not listen to it.” Kawakami said，“Music that is regarded as sad actually causes romantic emotion as well as sad emotion.Also，unlike sadness in daily life, sadness that is experienced through art actually seems pleasant，possibly because the latter does not cause an actual threat to our safety.” This could help people to deal with their negative emotions in daily life，according to the researchers.
This study contradicts(与……矛盾)previous research that people have to listen to happy music to improve their moods.But this only works if people are very clear that they're trying to make themselves happier by listening to the songs.
( )1.The underlined word “positive” means “________”．
A．bad B．angry
C．good D．unpleasant
( )2.The findings of the study are good news for those ________．
A．who love listening to happy music
B．with positive emotions
C．with negative emotions
D．who love listening to rock music
( )3.Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Volunteers were mainly chosen from musicians.
B．Sad music actually causes only unpleasant emotions.
C．Sad music will do great harm to our emotions.
D．People can also feel happy when listening to sad music.
( )4.The last paragraph implies(暗示)that ________．
A．the latest Japanese study has proven to be true
B．people have to listen to happy music to be happier
C．those who listen to happy music want to be happier
D．listening to happy music may not make people happier
( )5.Which one is the best title for the passage
A．Stop listening to happy music.
B．Sad music can cheer us up.
C．Don't listen to sad music any more.
D．Sad music makes us live longer.
五、语法填空
Huaguo Mountain is a famous beauty spot in Lianyungang，China.Every year many 1._________(tour)come here to enjoy its beautiful scenery.2.________ a few years ago，a lot of bad manners happened quite often during the travel.Some 3.________(throw)litters，painted on the walls，and spit(吐痰)on the ground everywhere.Some picked flowers，broke trees and hurt animals.And even 4.________(badly)，some smoked in the woods.5._______ dangerous!
6．________(luck)，things have changed now.Rubbish is always put into dustbins.People are 7._______(friend)to animals.Nobody smokes around the woods and places of interest are well kept.All these changes make us happy.
As a student，I think we should know it's our duty(责任)8.________(protect)the environment.9._______ order to make Huaguo Mountain and our city more beautiful，let's behave well and try 10._________(we)best to help fight against bad behaviors.
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第15课时 八年级下册 Unit 7~Unit 8
精讲*精练
一、辨析a number of，the number of
a number of意为“许多；大量”，相当于a lot of，后面接名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
the number of意为“……的数量”，后面接名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。
例：A number of apples are red.
许多苹果是红色的。
The number of the students is 2，000.
学生的数量是2000人。
【同步练习】
1．—What ___________ the number of students in your school
—About two thousand.A number of them ________ from the countryside.
2．Here are some new books.A number of the books ________ about history and culture.
二、belong to
belong to意为“属于；归……所有”，其中belong属于不及物动词，常与介词to连用。后接代词作宾语时，要用宾格形式(不可用物主代词)；后接名词时，也不能用所有格。belong to sb.＝be one's“属于某人的”，one's是物主代词，也可用名词所有格形式。
例：The bicycle belongs to Amy.
＝The bicycle is Amy's.
这辆自行车是埃米的。
【同步练习】
1．The book belongs to me.(同义句转换)
The book _________ _________．
2．—Are these books _________？
—No，they are not mine.They belong to ________(他)．
三、population
population指人口总数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但当population前有分数、百分数等修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。
population还可以被large/small修饰，表示“人口众多或稀少”，但不能被many/few修饰。询问人口多少的常用句型；What is the population of...
注：many/few可修饰people。how many people意为“多少人”。
例：What is the population of Hangzhou
＝How many people are there in Hangzhou
杭州有多少人？
More than three quarters of the population are Chinese.
超过四分之三的人口是中国人。
What is the population of Wenzhou
温州的人口有多少？
【同步练习】
1．The population of the world ________ still increasing now.
2．The population of Shanghai is _________ than that of Hangzhou.
3．—_________ is the population of the country
—Sorry，I don't know.
四、achieve，realize，succeed，come true辨析
1．achieve和realize是及物动词，以“人”作主语，表示某人实现梦想、目标等；“come true”是不及物动词短语，以梦想等作主语，表示梦想、目标等成为事实。试比较：
Many people are working hard to achieve their goals.很多人正在努力工作来实现他们的目标。
She finally realized her dream of becoming a singer.她终于实现了当歌唱家的梦想。
His hope won't come true easily.他的希望不容易实现。
2．succeed与achieve都表示“成功”，区别在于，succeed是不及物动词，常用于短语“succeed in doing sth.”；而achieve是及物动词。例：
Very few people succeed in losing weight.很少有人减肥成功。
Wilson has achieved considerable success as an artist.作为一名艺术家，威尔逊取得了相当大的成功。
【同步练习】
用achieve，realize，come true，succeed填空。
1．If you work hard，you will ____________ your dream one day.
2．His wish to study music has ___________ at last.
3．China wants its own Internet companies to _________．
4．The old man finally _________ the success that he had dreamed of.
五、辨析see/watch/hear/notice sb.do sth.和see/watch/hear/notice sb.doing sth.
前一个短语后面接的是不定式，表示看到/听到/注意到了事情发生的全过程，强调动作的完整性；后一个短语后面接的是动名词，表示事情正在发生，强调动作的进行性。
例：I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调“我见他正干活”这个动作片段)
需要注意的是，在被动语态中，不定式标志to需要恢复。
例：He was seen to work in the garden yesterday.
有人看到他昨天在花园里干活。
【同步练习】
1．While I was walking along the lake，I saw some fish _________(jump)out of the water.
2．Seeing their teacher ________(walk)into the classroom，they stopped _________(talk)at once.
3．The young man was often seen ________(draw)by the lake.
六、辨析for，since
现在完成时中常用for或since引导时间状语，for后接表示一段时间的词或短语，如for 5 years。
since后接表示过去某一时间的词或短语，如：since last month，也可接表示过去某一时间的时间状语从句，如：since he came to China。
即：for＋时间段；since＋时间点。
相关结构：it is＋时间段＋since＋从句(一般过去时)，自从……到现在已有多长时间了。
例：It's ten years since we met.
自从我们上次碰面到现在已有10年了。
I've had it since I was a baby.
我还是个婴儿的时候就拥有它了。
I've had this magazine for a couple of months.
这本杂志我买了几个月了。
【同步练习】
1．I have made a lot of good friends ________ I came to China.
2．My grandfather likes the small village very much.So far he has lived there ________ 50 years.
3．They haven't seen each other _________ two months ago.
七、辨析already，yet
already意为“已经”，指某事发生比预期还早，可用于肯定句或疑问句，可置于句中或句尾。
yet意为“尚未”，是指预期某事发生，但尚未发生，多用于否定句或疑问句，置于句尾。
例：—Have you read Little Woman yet
—你看过《小妇人》这本书吗？
—Yes，I've already read it.
—是的，我已经看过了。
I haven't finished reading it yet.
我还没看完。
【同步练习】
1．They have ________ known each other for six years.
2．They have seen the film already.(改为否定句)
They _________ seen the film _________．
八、put类短语
put away把……收起来
put back放回原处
put down放下
put into投入
put off推迟
put on穿上；增加；发胖
put out熄灭
pu sth.to good use好好利用某物
put up举起；挂起
【同步练习】
在横线上填入一个适当的词语。
1．Don't put _________ today's work till tomorrow.
2．They put _________ a new tent near the lake.
3．He put __________ his coat and hurried out of the house.
4．Put ________ your hands if you have any questions.
5．Please put __________ your books.We'll start the test.
九、silence
silence名词，意为“沉默”。形容词silent。
in silence副词性短语，意为“沉默地，静静地”。
be in silence＝keep/stay silent
词汇联想：in surprise惊讶地；in person亲自地；in peace 平和地。
例：We finished the rest of our dinner in silence.
我们默默地吃完剩下的晚餐。
【同步练习】
听到这个坏消息，Robert默默地跟他的朋友一起走回家。
When he heard the bad news，Robert walked home together with his friends ____________．
十、against
against介词，意为“反对”，反义词for，意为“支持”；又可意为“靠，倚”。
相关短语：play against与……打对抗赛；against the rules违反规则；protect sth.against sth.保护……，使……不受。
例：The rain began to beat heavily against the windows.
雨开始猛烈地敲击着窗户。
I'm against building a new zoo in our town.
我反对在我们镇上建一个新的动物园。
There is a ladder against the wall.
有一架梯子靠在墙上。
【同步练习】
1．I'm strongly ___________(反对)smoking because it may cause cancer.
2．We'll play basketball __________ Class 3 tomorrow.
A．over B．against C．to D．for
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