高考英语谓语动词的时态、语态精讲精练课件
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| 名称 | 高考英语谓语动词的时态、语态精讲精练课件 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-03-18 09:05:31 | ||
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谓语动词的时态、语态
考点一 谓语动词的时态
一、时态概述
英语中动词的时态主要由动词的不同形式来表示。《普通高中英
语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》要求学习和掌握的时态有10种。现
以work为例展示这10种时态的形式:
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 work/works am/is/are working have/has worked have/has been working
过去 worked was/were working had worked —
将来 shall/will work shall/will be working — —
过去将来 should/would work — — —
二、一般现在时
1. 构成
一般现在时主要由V-原表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-s eat→eats
以s,sh,ch,x, o结尾的动词 加-es discuss→discusses
teach→teaches
以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词 变y为i, 再加-es carry→carries
fly→flies
2. 用法
1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
One of the machines is out of order.
温馨提示
常与一般现在时连用的状语有often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, occasionally, never, seldom, generally, rarely, once a week, at weekends, on Sundays等。
2)表示现在的特征、能力、性格等。
This job calls for great patience.
3)表示客观事实、普遍真理或格言等。
Light travels faster than sound.
Magellan proved that the earth is round.
4)表示将来。
①在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中。
Even if we achieve great success in our studies, we will not be conceited.
②按时间表将要发生的动作或事先安排好的动作。
The train arrives at 10:30.
5)用于图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。
Jack passes the ball to John and John catches it. He jumps and casts it into the basket.
三、一般过去时
1. 构成
一般过去时由V-ed表示。其规则动词变化方法如下:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed pack→packed
以辅音字母加y结尾 的动词 变y为i, 再加-ed carry→carried
try→tried
以重读闭音节结尾而末尾 只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写该辅音字 母,再加-ed plan→planned
stop→stopped
以字母e结尾 的动词 加-d like→liked
provide→provided
2. 用法
1)表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态, 常常与yesterday, two days
ago,in 1990等表示过去的时间状语连用。
(2024年1月份九省联考) Fountain pens were used in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable.
2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常常与always,often等表示频率的时间状语连用。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
3)在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
She said she would come if I promised to wait for her.
4)“used to+动词原形”或“would+动词原形”也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,但两者的用法有所区别。
I used to go out every night.
我以前每晚都外出。(现在不再这样做了)
We would stay up all night talking about our future.
(那时候)我们常常彻夜谈论我们的将来。(今后有可能再发生)
四、一般将来时
1. 构成及用法
一般将来时由“will/shall+V-原”构成,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, next year, in the future等。
The company will launch a new version of the software in July.
2. 表示将来意义的其他方式
1) be going to do表示现在打算做的事或有迹象表明最近要发生的事。
They are going to hold a meeting to discuss our research project.
It looks as if the weather is going to turn nasty.
2) be doing可用来表示计划、安排好要采取的动作或要做的事情,常与表将来的时间状语连用。
We're leaving early tomorrow morning.
3) 一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或时间表要发生的事;在条件、时间、让步状语从句中可用一般现在时表将来。
According to the timetable, we have no classes tomorrow.
I'll write to her when I have time.
4) be about to do表示客观上马上要发生的事,一般不与具体的时间状语连
用,可与when连用。
I'm not about to stop when I'm so close to success.
5) be to do sth.表示安排好或要求做的事。
She is to be married next month.
五、现在进行时
1. 构成
be(am/is/are)+V.-ing。动词-ing的变化规则如下:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ing try→trying
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有
一个辅音字母的动词 双写该辅音字母,再加-ing regret→regretting
ban→banning
以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词 去掉e,再加-ing hate→hating
date→dating
2. 用法
1) 表示现在正在进行的动作和发生的事,常与now, at this moment等连用。
I'm waiting to have a word with you.
2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
They are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children.
3) 用来强调某个反复重复的动作,常与always,constantly,continually,forever等副词连用,表达说话者对主语行为的生气、赞扬、同情、不满、好奇等感情。
Maria is always thinking of others instead of herself.
4) 表示按计划或安排要发生的事。
The train is arriving soon.
一般不能用于进行时态的动词
存在状态类: be, exist, remain, stay等
感情类: like, love, hate, prefer等
感觉、感知类: hear, see, smell, taste等
从属与占有类: belong(to), contain, have等
思考、理解等心理活动类: believe, doubt, forget, know等
六、过去进行时
1. 构成: was/were+V.-ing
2. 用法
1) 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在发生的动作。
We were discussing the plan at this time yesterday.
温馨提示
常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有at that time, at that moment, at this time
yesterday, at ten o'clock yesterday等
2) 用来描写故事发生的背景或提供故事发生的时间背景。
It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A young woman suddenly appeared on the riverside.
3) 表达褒贬等感彩:过去进行时可以和always,constantly,continually,
forever等连用,表示说话人的主观感情,如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。
He was forever complaining about something.
七、现在完成时
1.构成: have/has done
2.用法
1) 表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。
I have finished all my homework (so far).
2) 表示从过去某时开始延续至今的动作或状态。
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have
begun coming up with plans to counter this trend.
温馨提示
常与现在完成时连用的状语有already,yet,recently,lately,never,ever,before,
since then,ever since,for a long time,in the past/last few years,up to now,so far等。
3)用在固定句型中。
①在“This/It is the first/second/...time+that从句”中, that从句用现在完成时。
It's the first time that the boy has spoken to a foreigner.
②在“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”中,since从句用一般过去时。
It is/has been two years and a half since we began to study in our school.
八、过去将来时
1. 构成: should/would+V.-原
2. 用法：表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
I asked if he would come and fix my TV set.
3. 表示过去将来的其他方式
1) was/were going to do表示过去打算或计划将要做某事。
He said he was going to live in the country when he retired.
2) was/were about to do结构指过去某时“即将”发生的动作。
I was about to go out when a friend dropped in.
八、过去将来时
3) was/were doing多用于go, come, leave, arrive等瞬间性动词,表过去将要发生的情况。
A lot of people were coming to watch the fireworks.
九、将来进行时
1.构成: will/shall+be+V.-ing
2.用法：表示将来某时正在进行的动作,也可以表示已计划好的事。
This time tomorrow we'll be sitting in the cinema and watching a film.
十、过去完成时
1. 构成: had done
2. 用法
1) 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去”。
By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1,000 letters from all over the world.
He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital.
2) 过去完成时的固定结构
①had hardly done...when...did...和no sooner had...done...than...did...表示
“一……就……”;当hardly位于句首时,主句部分倒装。
His sister had hardly heard the terrible news when she burst into tears.
=Hardly had his sister heard the terrible news when she burst into tears.
②在“That/It was the first/second/...time+that从句”中,that从句用过去完成时
It was the first time that we had found common ground.
③在“It was/had been+时间段+since从句”中,从句用过去完成时。
It was ten years since he had left Beijing.他离开北京已经十年了。
温馨提示
“by+过去的时间”意为“截止到过去的某个时间”,可与过去完成时态连用;
“by+现在的时间”意为“截止到现在的某个时间”,可与现在完成时态连用。
十一、现在完成进行时
1. 构成: have/has+been+V.-ing
2. 用法
1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,这个动作现在仍在继续。
It has been raining heavily all day.
2)表示动作开始于过去某时,说话时刚刚结束。此时句中通常没有表示
一段时间的时间状语。
It has been raining, but it has stopped now.
3)表示一段时间里重复的动作。
You have been saying that for years.
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的主要区别
1. 现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性;现在完成时强调某个刚刚完成的
动作或过去的某个动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。
He has cleaned the window. 他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成)
He has been cleaning the window. 他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成)
2.一些静态动词往往用现在完成进行时,如lie,sit,wait,stand等。
而一些状态动词、感官动词或情感动词如see,feel,know,love等,不可用于现在完成进行时,但可以用于现在完成时。
I've been waiting for you since morning.
I have known her for a long time.
考点二 被动语态
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be done”构成。一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。助动词be有人称、数、时态的变化。《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》要求高中毕业生掌握以下七种时态的被动语态(以do为例):
现在 过去 将来
一般 am/is/are done was/were done will/shall be done
进行 am/is/are being done was/were being done —
完成 have/has been done had been done —
温馨提示
含有情态动词的被动语态结构: 情态动词+be+done
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.
单句填空·谓语动词的时态和被动语态专练
1. Over the last two years, some supermarkets (start) selling chicken or salad in packs (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). (2024 浙江1月)
2. As a little girl, I __________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. (2023新课标卷II)
3. The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the mordern world, ______ (mean) there is always something new to discover here...(2023全国乙)
have started
designed
wished
means
单句填空·谓语动词的时态和被动语态专练
4. In the Ming Dynasty,the center was the Forbidden City,... Citizens of higher social classes _____________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. (2023 浙江1月)
5. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often __________ (feature) beautufully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). (2023 浙江1月)
were permitted
featured
Thank you!
谓语动词的时态、语态
考点一 谓语动词的时态
一、时态概述
英语中动词的时态主要由动词的不同形式来表示。《普通高中英
语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》要求学习和掌握的时态有10种。现
以work为例展示这10种时态的形式:
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 work/works am/is/are working have/has worked have/has been working
过去 worked was/were working had worked —
将来 shall/will work shall/will be working — —
过去将来 should/would work — — —
二、一般现在时
1. 构成
一般现在时主要由V-原表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-s eat→eats
以s,sh,ch,x, o结尾的动词 加-es discuss→discusses
teach→teaches
以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词 变y为i, 再加-es carry→carries
fly→flies
2. 用法
1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
One of the machines is out of order.
温馨提示
常与一般现在时连用的状语有often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, occasionally, never, seldom, generally, rarely, once a week, at weekends, on Sundays等。
2)表示现在的特征、能力、性格等。
This job calls for great patience.
3)表示客观事实、普遍真理或格言等。
Light travels faster than sound.
Magellan proved that the earth is round.
4)表示将来。
①在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中。
Even if we achieve great success in our studies, we will not be conceited.
②按时间表将要发生的动作或事先安排好的动作。
The train arrives at 10:30.
5)用于图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。
Jack passes the ball to John and John catches it. He jumps and casts it into the basket.
三、一般过去时
1. 构成
一般过去时由V-ed表示。其规则动词变化方法如下:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed pack→packed
以辅音字母加y结尾 的动词 变y为i, 再加-ed carry→carried
try→tried
以重读闭音节结尾而末尾 只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写该辅音字 母,再加-ed plan→planned
stop→stopped
以字母e结尾 的动词 加-d like→liked
provide→provided
2. 用法
1)表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态, 常常与yesterday, two days
ago,in 1990等表示过去的时间状语连用。
(2024年1月份九省联考) Fountain pens were used in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable.
2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常常与always,often等表示频率的时间状语连用。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
3)在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
She said she would come if I promised to wait for her.
4)“used to+动词原形”或“would+动词原形”也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,但两者的用法有所区别。
I used to go out every night.
我以前每晚都外出。(现在不再这样做了)
We would stay up all night talking about our future.
(那时候)我们常常彻夜谈论我们的将来。(今后有可能再发生)
四、一般将来时
1. 构成及用法
一般将来时由“will/shall+V-原”构成,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, next year, in the future等。
The company will launch a new version of the software in July.
2. 表示将来意义的其他方式
1) be going to do表示现在打算做的事或有迹象表明最近要发生的事。
They are going to hold a meeting to discuss our research project.
It looks as if the weather is going to turn nasty.
2) be doing可用来表示计划、安排好要采取的动作或要做的事情,常与表将来的时间状语连用。
We're leaving early tomorrow morning.
3) 一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或时间表要发生的事;在条件、时间、让步状语从句中可用一般现在时表将来。
According to the timetable, we have no classes tomorrow.
I'll write to her when I have time.
4) be about to do表示客观上马上要发生的事,一般不与具体的时间状语连
用,可与when连用。
I'm not about to stop when I'm so close to success.
5) be to do sth.表示安排好或要求做的事。
She is to be married next month.
五、现在进行时
1. 构成
be(am/is/are)+V.-ing。动词-ing的变化规则如下:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ing try→trying
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有
一个辅音字母的动词 双写该辅音字母,再加-ing regret→regretting
ban→banning
以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词 去掉e,再加-ing hate→hating
date→dating
2. 用法
1) 表示现在正在进行的动作和发生的事,常与now, at this moment等连用。
I'm waiting to have a word with you.
2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
They are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children.
3) 用来强调某个反复重复的动作,常与always,constantly,continually,forever等副词连用,表达说话者对主语行为的生气、赞扬、同情、不满、好奇等感情。
Maria is always thinking of others instead of herself.
4) 表示按计划或安排要发生的事。
The train is arriving soon.
一般不能用于进行时态的动词
存在状态类: be, exist, remain, stay等
感情类: like, love, hate, prefer等
感觉、感知类: hear, see, smell, taste等
从属与占有类: belong(to), contain, have等
思考、理解等心理活动类: believe, doubt, forget, know等
六、过去进行时
1. 构成: was/were+V.-ing
2. 用法
1) 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在发生的动作。
We were discussing the plan at this time yesterday.
温馨提示
常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有at that time, at that moment, at this time
yesterday, at ten o'clock yesterday等
2) 用来描写故事发生的背景或提供故事发生的时间背景。
It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A young woman suddenly appeared on the riverside.
3) 表达褒贬等感彩:过去进行时可以和always,constantly,continually,
forever等连用,表示说话人的主观感情,如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。
He was forever complaining about something.
七、现在完成时
1.构成: have/has done
2.用法
1) 表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。
I have finished all my homework (so far).
2) 表示从过去某时开始延续至今的动作或状态。
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have
begun coming up with plans to counter this trend.
温馨提示
常与现在完成时连用的状语有already,yet,recently,lately,never,ever,before,
since then,ever since,for a long time,in the past/last few years,up to now,so far等。
3)用在固定句型中。
①在“This/It is the first/second/...time+that从句”中, that从句用现在完成时。
It's the first time that the boy has spoken to a foreigner.
②在“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”中,since从句用一般过去时。
It is/has been two years and a half since we began to study in our school.
八、过去将来时
1. 构成: should/would+V.-原
2. 用法：表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
I asked if he would come and fix my TV set.
3. 表示过去将来的其他方式
1) was/were going to do表示过去打算或计划将要做某事。
He said he was going to live in the country when he retired.
2) was/were about to do结构指过去某时“即将”发生的动作。
I was about to go out when a friend dropped in.
八、过去将来时
3) was/were doing多用于go, come, leave, arrive等瞬间性动词,表过去将要发生的情况。
A lot of people were coming to watch the fireworks.
九、将来进行时
1.构成: will/shall+be+V.-ing
2.用法：表示将来某时正在进行的动作,也可以表示已计划好的事。
This time tomorrow we'll be sitting in the cinema and watching a film.
十、过去完成时
1. 构成: had done
2. 用法
1) 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去”。
By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1,000 letters from all over the world.
He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital.
2) 过去完成时的固定结构
①had hardly done...when...did...和no sooner had...done...than...did...表示
“一……就……”;当hardly位于句首时,主句部分倒装。
His sister had hardly heard the terrible news when she burst into tears.
=Hardly had his sister heard the terrible news when she burst into tears.
②在“That/It was the first/second/...time+that从句”中,that从句用过去完成时
It was the first time that we had found common ground.
③在“It was/had been+时间段+since从句”中,从句用过去完成时。
It was ten years since he had left Beijing.他离开北京已经十年了。
温馨提示
“by+过去的时间”意为“截止到过去的某个时间”,可与过去完成时态连用;
“by+现在的时间”意为“截止到现在的某个时间”,可与现在完成时态连用。
十一、现在完成进行时
1. 构成: have/has+been+V.-ing
2. 用法
1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,这个动作现在仍在继续。
It has been raining heavily all day.
2)表示动作开始于过去某时,说话时刚刚结束。此时句中通常没有表示
一段时间的时间状语。
It has been raining, but it has stopped now.
3)表示一段时间里重复的动作。
You have been saying that for years.
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的主要区别
1. 现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性;现在完成时强调某个刚刚完成的
动作或过去的某个动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。
He has cleaned the window. 他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成)
He has been cleaning the window. 他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成)
2.一些静态动词往往用现在完成进行时,如lie,sit,wait,stand等。
而一些状态动词、感官动词或情感动词如see,feel,know,love等,不可用于现在完成进行时,但可以用于现在完成时。
I've been waiting for you since morning.
I have known her for a long time.
考点二 被动语态
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be done”构成。一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。助动词be有人称、数、时态的变化。《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》要求高中毕业生掌握以下七种时态的被动语态(以do为例):
现在 过去 将来
一般 am/is/are done was/were done will/shall be done
进行 am/is/are being done was/were being done —
完成 have/has been done had been done —
温馨提示
含有情态动词的被动语态结构: 情态动词+be+done
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.
单句填空·谓语动词的时态和被动语态专练
1. Over the last two years, some supermarkets (start) selling chicken or salad in packs (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). (2024 浙江1月)
2. As a little girl, I __________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. (2023新课标卷II)
3. The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the mordern world, ______ (mean) there is always something new to discover here...(2023全国乙)
have started
designed
wished
means
单句填空·谓语动词的时态和被动语态专练
4. In the Ming Dynasty,the center was the Forbidden City,... Citizens of higher social classes _____________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. (2023 浙江1月)
5. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often __________ (feature) beautufully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). (2023 浙江1月)
were permitted
featured
Thank you!