高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气精讲精练课件

(共36张PPT)
情态动词和虚拟语气
Step 1
Speech
Step 2
Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
1. Enable students to know the usage of modal verb and subjunctive.
2. Improve students’ ability to solve the problem about them.
Step 3
Lead-in
[高考感悟]
单句填空
1.(2020·天津卷)Jim says we ____stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
2.(2020·江苏卷)If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers,I _______not be where I am.
3.(2018·北京卷)In today’s information age,the loss of data _________cause serious problems for a company.
4.(2018·江苏卷)It’s strange that he __________have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
can
would　
may/can
should　
5.(2018·江苏卷)There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I ___________(have) a second chance to become more involved.
6.(2018·天津卷)I can’t find my purse.I _____________________(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday,but I’m not sure.
7.(2018·北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they _______________(drive) a few more kilometers.
8.(2018·天津卷)If we _______________(catch) the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.
had
could/might have left　
had driven
had caught
Step 4
Explanation
情态动词
can表现在的能力,could主要指过去的能力。表示“过去成功做成某事”时通常用was/were able to The little boy can speak two foreign languages.
Could the girl read before she went to school
Everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out.
表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上,并不涉及此事真的发生),常译为“往往会,有时候可能会”。常用于肯定句中 Although you can find bargains in London,it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.
表示请求和允许。在问句中could语气比can要委婉 Can I have a word with you It won’t take long.
考点一　can与could
表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中 How can you be so careless
表示推测。常用于否定句和疑问句中,语气较强 He can’t be in the classroom;the light is not on.
cannot/can never...too/enough...表示“再……也不为过” You can never be too careful when driving a car.
cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不/只好做某事” You cannot choose but go with me.
用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等;此外,颁布法律、规定时也用shall You shall do as your father says.
Each party shall respect the articles of this contract.
用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方指示 Shall the man standing outside have a try
考点二 shall
考点三　must
表示主观上的“必须,应该”,其否定形式mustn’t表示禁止。对比: have to表示客观上的“不得不”,可用于各种时态 The work must be finished as soon as possible.
OK,then,you mustn’t forget your medical card.
以must开头的问句,其否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to —Must I pay in cash
—No,you needn’t/don’t have to.
表示“非要,偏要”做某事,表达出说话者的一种不满情绪 —Can I smoke here
—No. Go to the smoking section,if you must.
表示对具体事情的推测,意为 “一定,肯定”,语气较强,只用于肯定句中 Since nobody gave him any help,he must have done the research on his own.
表示义务,常译为“应该”,用于各种人称。ought to的语气比should强烈 Parents should/ought to take good care of their babies.
表示推测,译为“可能,(按道理)应该”,多指对未来合乎理想的情况或结果的一种期盼 It’s nearly 8 o’clock.He should be here at the moment.
表示惊讶、意外等,常译为“竟然,居然” You should wear slippers in the classroom.
用在if条件句中,should表示可能性很小的一种虚拟语气 If I should see him,I would tell him the news.
考点四　should与ought to
表示意愿,用于各种人称的陈述句中。would常指过去的意愿 If you will read the book,I’ll give it to you.
表示请求、建议,常用于第二人称,用在疑问句中。would语气较委婉 Will you please close the window
表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,常译为“总是,惯于” The door wouldn’t open,no matter how hard she pushed.
考点五　will与would
注意
would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,后面接表示动作的动词,不能接表示状态的词。used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已不存在。
I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take me to Disneyland at weekends.
考点六　may与might
表示请求、允许、许可,might比may语气委婉 You may use my bike.
表示推测,常用于陈述句中,语气比较弱,把握性不大。might语气比may还要弱 Life is unpredictable;even the poorest might/may become the richest.
may/might as well+动词原形,意为“最好,倒不如……” You may/might as well do it at once.
may well+动词原形,意为“完全能,很可能” He may well be late for class.
may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿 May you return in safety!
考点七　need 与dare
两者都可以作为情态动词和实义动词。当作情态动词时,后面要接动词原形,通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。用作实义动词时,其变化和一般的动词相同,有人称和数的变化,构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do,does,did。dare用作实义动词,用于否定句和疑问句时,常省略后面的to —I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we needn’t bring anything with us
The little girl didn’t dare (to) go out at night alone.
need用作实义动词时,若主语为动作的承受者,用谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义或用不定式的被动形式 The house needs repairing.= The house needs to be repaired.
I dare say为习惯说法,意为“我想,大概” I dare say she dare not speak to her father in this manner.
在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能性。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示不太肯定的可能性,而can表示理论上的可能性 The news must be true.
在否定句中只能用cannot/can’t和may not。can’t(不可能)语气比may not(可能不、也许不)更强 The news can’t be true.
在疑问句中只能用can,不能用may和must Can the news be true
should 与ought to 可以表示对未来情况的一种期盼,常译为“按理应当” He should/ought to be here on time—he started early.
考点八　情态动词表推测
考点九　情态动词+have done
could have done本可以 You could have passed the exam,but you were so careless.
can’t/couldn’t have done不可能做过 I couldn’t have enjoyed myself more—it was a perfect day.
may/might have done可能做过 Sorry,I’m late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
must have done一定做过 The ground is wet.It must have rained last night.
考点九　情态动词+have done
should/ought to have done 本应该/竟然做过 Look! There are so many mistakes in your composition.You should have fixed full attention on it.
needn’t have done 本不需要做 You needn’t have gone to school,for it is Sunday today.
had better have done 当时最好做过 We had better have remained at home when our uncle visited us that day.
would like/love to have done 宁愿做过 I would like to have helped you,but I was too busy then.
Task
Draw a map about the usage of modal verb
虚 拟 语 气
虚拟语气用于非真实条件句
从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句
与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词用were) would/should/could/
might+动词原形 If I were you, I would
seize the chance.
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 would/should/could/
might+have+过去分词 If you had taken my ad-
vice, you wouldn't have failed.
与将来事实相反 ①过去式 ②should+动词原形 ③were to+动词原形 would/should/could/
might+动词原形 If he shouldn't come
tomorrow, we would put
off the meeting.
使用“(should+)动词原形”的虚拟语气
1.用于宾语从句
以下动词后的宾语从句常常使用虚拟语气,即谓语为“(should+)动词原形”

The teacher recommended that everyone (should)take an active part in the English party.
易错提示
suggest作“暗示、表明”讲, insist作“坚持说”讲,宾语从句的谓语动词不使用虚拟语气形式,而使用陈述语气。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
易错提示
省略if的虚拟语气
如果if从句中含有were/should/had时,则可以省略if,把这三个词置于句首,采用倒装语序。
If I were you,I would go to the party.→Were I you,I would go to the party.
If it should happen,what would you do →Should it happen,what would you do
If you had come earlier,you would catch the bus.→Had you come earlier,you would catch the bus.
2. 用于主语从句
It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/
natural/a pity/essential+that从句, 从句的谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”,
It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.
It is strange that he (should)have treated his parents like that.
3. 用于表语从句和同位语从句
在suggestion、proposal、order、idea、request、advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气, 谓语构成是“(should) +动词原形”
We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.
虚拟语气在wish、as if、if only后的句子中
条件 从句谓语形式 例句
从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词同时发生 过去式(be动词用were) If only/How I wish I were a flying bird!
He looks as if he were an artist.
从句谓语动词先于主句谓语动词发生 had+过去分词 If only I had seen the film!
=How I wish I had seen the film!
She speaks English so fluently as if she had stayed in America for a long time.
从句谓语动词后于主句谓语动词发生 would+动词原形 He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A.他如此努力学习英语,好像他要去美国。
虚拟语气在“would rather+that从句”中
条件 从句谓语形式 例句
对现在或将来的虚拟 过去式(be用were) I'd rather they didn't hear of the news.
对过去的虚拟 had+过去分词 I'd rather I had not told him the bad news.
虚拟语气在“It is (high) time+that从句”中
that从句谓语形式 例句
过去式或“should+动词原形”,且should不能省略 It is(high)time that you went/should go to school.
Step 5
Exercise
虚拟语气用于含蓄条件句中
有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件从句,而
是通过其他手段来代替条件从句。
Without your help,we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.
=But for your help,...=If it had not been for your help,...=Had it not been for
your help,...
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.
A few hours earlier (=If you had come a few hours earlier), you would have been able to meet the famous writer.
单句填空
1.I wish I _______________able to tell him all about it last night.
2.If I _______________(have) more time,I would have gone with him.
3.The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _______________(arrest)
right away.
4.The man insisted that he _______________(send) there.
5. _______________(be) I you,I would take an umbrella with me.
6 .Look at the clock!It’s (high) time we _______________(go) home.
7. He ordered the work __________________(start) at once.
8. I’d rather you _______________(stay) at home all day today.
had been
had had
(should)be arrested
(should)be sent
Were
went
(should) be started
stayed
解题技法
单句填空
1．The Antarctica is so mysteriously described by some people.If only I _________(be) there before!
2．Our only request is that this ________________(settle) as soon as possible.
3．I believe he must have had an accident；otherwise he ________________(arrive) on time.
4．If it _________________________(rain) tomorrow，they would not go out for a picnic.
5．If you _________(take) my advice，you would not have failed in the exam.
had been
(should) be settled
would have arrived
should rain/were to rain/rained
had taken
单句填空
6．How I wish every student ________(have) a scientific and systematic study method！
7．If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers，I ______________(not，be) where I am. (2020·江苏)
8．I wish my mother __________(stop) interfering and let me make my own decisions.
9．My father suggests that I ___________ (get) enough sleep before the final examination.
10．My husband is always talking about the economy，but I’d rather he ________(focus) more on our children’s education.
had
wouldn’t be
would stop
(should) get
focused
Task
Draw a map about the usage of modal verb
Thank you!