(共31张PPT)
Unit 4
Section C Developing ideas & Presenting ideas & Reflection
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目录索引
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步 速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 What does the text mainly tell us
A.The slaves’ life.
B.The introduction of Abraham Lincoln.
C.To explain the reasons for a great civil war.
D.The speech of Abraham Lincoln in Gettysburg.
D
Activity 2 Read the passage and choose the main idea of each part.
1.Part 1(Para.1) A.“The Gettysburg Address” by Abraham Lincoln
2.Part 2(Para.2) B.The background of the address
3.Part 3(Para.3) C.The main content of the address
4.Part 4(Paras.4-6) D.The setting of the address
第二步 精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
1.Why did Lincoln arrive in Gettysburg
A.Because he was made to become a slave.
B.Because he wanted to give a famous speech.
C.Because he wanted to change people’s minds.
D.Because he was there in memory of the dead fighters.
D
2.When did the Civil War take place
A.In 1861. B.In 1862.
C.In 1863. D.In 1865.
3.How did people feel after the Civil War
A.Excited. B.Suffered.
C.Equal. D.Hopeless.
A
C
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
What other speeches can you think of that stress the importance of breaking boundaries
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence(s) to start a narration.
One a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863,a tall,thin man mounted a platform in a field in Gettysburg,Pennsylvania and began to speak.
第三步 深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
In 1863,in Gettysburg,Abraham Lincoln,gave the famous address 1.________ the crowd in memory of the soldiers who had died for the country. The place was the site of a recent battle where thousands of soldiers 2. ________ (die).His address to the crowd changed the minds of his people 3. __________ helped shape a nation.At a great cost the Union side won in the Civil War,but the people 4.__________(lose) hope and purpose.Lincoln’s speech was full of hope and 5.__________(believe).He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be, 6.__________(base) on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.Now it was up to the living 7. _____________ (remove) not only the divisions between North and South,but the boundaries between black and white.
to
had died
and
lost
belief
based
to remove
Now we are engaged in a great civil war,8._____________(test) whether that nation,or any nation,can long endure.We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those 9._____________ here gave their lives that that nation might live.It is for us,the living,rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task 10._____________(remain) before us.
testing
who
remaining
Activity 7 长难句分析
1. 引导宾语从句
He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be,based on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.
作状语 作定语
[尝试翻译]
他根据87年前美国开国元勋们确立的理想,向他们展示了美利坚合众国应该是什么样的新愿景。
2. 真正的主语 引导定语从句
形式主语
It is for us,the living,rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have,thus far,so nobly carried on.
[尝试翻译]
他们英勇地坚持至今,现在是我们这些生者献身于这未完成的事业的时候了。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
必记写作词汇
Ⅰ.重点单词
1. v. 走上,登上
2. adj. 公民的,国民的
3. adj. 平民的;百姓的
4. adv. 完全
mount
civil
civilian
altogether
识记阅读词汇
5.slave n.
6.confederate adj.
7.union n.
8.conceive v.
9.battlefield n.
10.portion n.
11.consecrate v.
12.hallow v.
13.detract v.
14.perish v.
munist adj.
奴隶
(美国内战期间)南部联邦的
联邦
构想,设想
战场
一部分
宣布……为神圣之处
使成为神圣
减低,破坏,损害
死亡
共产主义的
串记拓展词汇
16.division n.分歧,分裂→ v.分开;分割;划分
17.liberty n.自由→ v.解放;使自由,使摆脱约束(或限制)
18.dedicate v.致力于,献身于→ adj.献身的;专心致志的;一心一意的→ n.献身,奉献
19.endure v.持续存在→ adj.吃苦耐劳的→ adj.能持久的,耐用的→ n.忍耐力;耐久力
20.nobly adv.高尚地,崇高地→ adj.高尚的
21.influential adj.有影响力的→ vt.影响 n.影响;作用
divide
liberate
dedicated
dedication
endured
endurable
endurance
noble
influence
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.in memory of
2.take place
3.set down
4. 提出
5. 徒劳地
6. 实施,实行
为纪念
发生
写下,记下
bring forth
in vain
carry out
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
division n.分歧,分裂
【佳句背诵】I taught my daughter how to deal with divisions at the age of six.[人物描写]
女儿6岁时我就教她如何处理分歧了。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.in memory of纪念;为了纪念
in terms of 就……而言
in need/want of需要
in praise of赞扬
in support of支持
in honour of为了向……表示敬意
in view of鉴于,考虑到,由于
in search of寻找
【佳句背诵】The town was named after Mr.Smith in memory of his great contributions to its development.[行为描写]
这座城镇以史密斯先生的名字命名,以纪念他对这个城镇发展做出的巨大贡献。
【即学即练】短语填空/单句写作
in memory of;in terms of;in need of
①A monument has been set up their dear teacher.
②The track was laid down in the 19th century and is repair.
③When seeking for a job,a university graduate is at a disadvantage
working experience.
in memory of
in need of
in terms of
④我们立刻出发寻找失踪的男孩。
We started off at once_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.
⑤我们必须提出证据以支持我们的理论。
We must produce evidence_______ _______ _______ _______ _______.
in search of the missing boy
in support of our theory
2.take place发生,举行
take the place of 代替,取代
take one’s place就座;代替某人
out of place不合适的,不恰当的,不相称的
in place of代替
in the first place首先,第一
【佳句背诵】The 2022 Olympic Winter Games took place in Beijing and Zhangjiakou.[体育运动]
2022年冬季奥运会在北京和张家口举行。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①The manager will be away on business and I’ll take place of him during his absence.
②I felt completely out place among all those smart rich people.
③如果天气允许,学校旅行将按计划进行。
The school trip _______ _______ _______as planned if the weather permits.
④他不适合这份工作,我们雇了别人代替他。
He is not fit for the job.We’ve hired another man______ ______ ______ him.
the
of
will take place
in place of
【温馨提示】take place是不及物动词短语,其后不能接宾语,也不能用于被动语态。
3.struggle vi.& n.斗争;拼搏;努力;挣扎
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle for 为了……而斗争
struggle against/with 与……做斗争
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
with a struggle 费劲地
【佳句背诵】They struggled just to pay their bills.[人物描写]
他们辛苦所得仅够付日用。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①She is struggling (seize) the only chance to survive.
②You have to let us struggle ourselves.
③They had to struggle all kinds of difficulties.
④许多女士为减肥而奋斗。
Many women are _________ _________ losing weight.
⑤她独自一人吃力地撑着一个家。
She’s __________ __________ _____________a family alone.
to seize
for
with/against
struggling for
struggling to support/raise
4.in vain徒劳,白费力气地;白白地
a vain attempt/effort 徒劳的尝试/努力
become vain 变得自负/虚荣
【佳句背诵】All the police’s efforts to find him were in vain.[行为描写]
警察想尽各种各样的办法找他,但是所有的努力都是徒劳的。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①They tried vain to persuade her to go.
②They made vain effort to persuade him to give up smoking.
③他在门口停住,徒劳地等待她和自己打招呼。
He stopped at the door, _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
to acknowledge his presence.
④如果你将自己跟别人比较,你心灵上将会变得虚荣和痛苦。
If you compare yourself with others,you may _______ _______and bitter.
in
a
waiting in vain for her
become vain
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
mount
A.v.骑上,跨上 B.v.增加,增长 C.v.安装,镶嵌 D.v.登上
①The children’s excitement is mounting as Christmas gets nearer.
②He mounted the platform and began to speak to the assembled crowd.
③The children’s work has been mounted on coloured paper and put up on the walls of the classroom.
④He mounted his horse and rode away.
B
D
C
A
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
shape
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. You can recognize the fish by the shape of their fins.
生义 v. Remember that with everything you do,you’re shaping your brain for the future.
形状
塑造
重点句式——多维剖析
It is up to sb.to do sth.做某事是某人的义务/职责/责任
【教材原句】Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South...
现在,责任落到了生者身上,不仅要消除南北之间的分歧……
It is up to sb.to do sth.由某人决定做某事
What’s sb.up to 某人在干什么
up to意为“多达;可与某事物相比,比得上”,还意为“有某种能力的,能胜任的”。
【佳句背诵】It is up to the travel companies to warn customers of any possible dangers.[情景描写]
旅游公司有义务提醒顾客任何可能的危险。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①It is up to the manager (make)the final decision.
②Her work is not up standard.
③Life just gives us time and space. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ (由我们决定去填充它们).
④还轮不到你来告诉我怎么做我的工作。
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ me how to do my job.
to make
to
It’s up to us
to fill them
It’s not up to you to tell(共29张PPT)
Unit 4
Section B Using language
Part 1 Language points
Part 2 Grammar
目录索引
Part 1 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
必记写作词汇
Ⅰ.重点单词
1. v. 选派(角色)
2. adj. 联合的,共同的
cast
joint
识记阅读词汇
3.mutual adj.
4.inclusive adj.
共有的,共同的
包容广阔的
串记拓展词汇
5.realistic adj.(目标、希望)能够实现的→ n.真实;现实
→ vt.领悟;了解;实现;实行→ adj.真实的;实际的
6.minority n.少数派;少数→ adj.较小的;次要的;轻微的
7.harmonious adj.和睦的,融洽的→ n.和谐,协调,融洽
8.rewarding adj.值得做的,有意义的→ n.报酬,奖金vt.酬劳,奖赏
reality
realise
real
minor
harmony
reward
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.refer to
2.in particular
3.settle down
4. 以及;像……一样好
5. 难怪
指的是;提到
尤其,特别
安定下来
as well as
no wonder
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
realistic adj.(目标、希望)能够实现的
【佳句背诵】I don’t think they have a realistic chance of winning.[观点看法]
我认为他们没有切实的机会赢。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.settle down(活动一段时间后)平静下来;躺下;定居
settle down to (doing) sth.开始认真做某事
settle (oneself) down to do sth.静下心来做某事
settle a dispute解决争端
【佳句背诵】One day I’ll want to settle down and have a family.[人物描写]
总有一天我会想安顿下来,成个家。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①Mr.and Mrs.Brown would like to see their daughter settle ,
get married,and have kids.
②Having settled in a beautiful village,he settled down his research.
③她舒适地坐在沙发上静静地看书。
She ___________ ___________in a sofa __________ __________ her book.
down
to
settled down
to read
2.rewarding adj.值得做的,有益的
reward n.& vt. 报酬;奖金;酬劳;奖赏
as a reward (for...)作为(对……的)报酬/奖赏
reward sb.for(doing) sth.因(做)某事而奖赏某人
reward sb.with sth.用某物回报某人
【佳句背诵】The James Joyce Centre provides the casual visitors with a rewarding and memorable experience.[行为描写]
詹姆斯·乔伊斯中心为临时来访者提供了一个值得纪念的体验。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①Teaching young children is a challenging and (reward) job.
②The government rewarded the courier helping a lot in Wuhan.
③我们送给他一件礼物作为对他的好意的奖赏。
We gave him a gift as _______ _______ _______ _______ ________.
④比赛结束时,他们用鲜花作为给获胜者的奖赏。
They ________ _______ _______ _______ _______of flowers when the match ended.
rewarding
for
a reward for his kindness
rewarded the winners with gifts
重点句式——多维剖析
No wonder...难怪……;……并不奇怪。
【教材原句】No wonder it isn’t a surprise to see...
怪不得看到……并不意外。
it’s a wonder that...令人惊奇的是……
it作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。
What a wonder!多么令人惊异!/真想不到!
in wonder惊讶地
wonder at/about 对……感到疑惑/奇怪
wonder if/whether... 想知道是否……
wonder+wh-从句 对……感到奇怪;想知道……
【佳句背诵】It’s no wonder that he never came back.[人物描写]
难怪他再也没回来。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①I’m moving in a few days and I wonder you could help.
② It’s no wonder the children love to visit the farm.
③I wonder we should go next.
④难怪他喜欢爵士乐。
_______ _______that he loved jazz.
⑤她想知道她能否实现自己的抱负。
She wonders_________ ________ _______ _______ _______.
if/whether
that
where
No wonder
if/whether she’ll fulfill her ambition
【温馨提示】I wonder if/whether...表示“我想知道是否……”,此句型中if或whether引导宾语从句。该句型多用于口语中,表示有礼貌地询问某事或请求帮助。
Part 2 Grammar
语法冲关 语言规则全理清
情景导入
it作形式主语
阅读下列例句,注意it的用法。
①Even after all that,no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.
②It takes a lot of time to look after my pets properly but I find it worthwhile.
③It is no use talking with him again.
④It is said that he will leave Beijing for London on business.
【语法感悟】
上述句子中,it在句中均作 ,句①和句②中真正的主语是 ,句③中真正的主语是 ,句④中真正的主语是 。
形式主语
动词不定式
动词-ing形式
that从句
语法精讲
it作形式主语时没有具体的意义,只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后面去,使句子显得平稳一些。it作形式主语时,可以代替三种形式:不定式、动词-ing形式和主语从句。
一、it代替不定式短语
1.常用于下列句型中:
It+be+形容词+(for/of sb.) to do sth.
It+be+名词+to do sth.
It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花了某人……时间。
It’s up to sb.to do sth.做某事是某人的职责或义务。
It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.
遵守法律是每个人的义务。
(It作形式主语,代替不定式短语to obey the law)
It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.
对于一个外国人来说,学习汉语是困难的。
(It作形式主语,代替不定式短语to learn Chinese)
2.It be+形容词+for sb.to do sth.与It be+形容词+of sb.to do sth.
如果句型中的形容词描述的是sb.的品质、品格,在逻辑上可以作sb.的表语,则sb.前应用介词of,否则就用for。
It’s necessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.
我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。
It was foolish of him to give up the job.
(=He was foolish to give up the job.)
他放弃那份工作是愚蠢的。
二、it代替动词-ing短语
动词-ing形式作主语用后置形式的情况远不及不定式那么普遍,常限于no good,no use,useless,waste等词的后面。
It is no good/use having a car if you can’t drive.
如果你不会开车,有车也没用。
(It作形式主语,代替动词-ing短语having a car)
It is a waste of time watching TV.
看电视是浪费时间。
(It作形式主语,代替动词-ing短语watching TV)
三、it代替主语从句
这个主语从句可以用连词that引导,也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导。
It was clear that they had no desire for peace.
很明显他们没有和平的诚意。
(It作形式主语,代替主语从句that they had no desire for peace)
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
她是否能来还很难说。
(It作形式主语,代替主语从句whether she will be able to come)
四、用it作形式主语,把真正的主语从句移至后面的常见句型
It is a pity/a shame/a fact/an honour/good news/no wonder/a wonder...that...
It was a pity that the engineer couldn’t come.
可惜工程师没能来。
It is a wonder that he continues to gamble though he always loses!
令人惊讶的是尽管他一直输但还是一直赌!
It is a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic.
真可惜,这场雨把我们的野餐给搅黄了。
五、It is+形容词(如:strange/natural/surprising/obvious/true/fortunate/wonderful/funny/possible/impossible/likely/unlikely/clear/unusual/certain/important/...)+that...
It is certain that he will win.
他一定会取胜。
It is important that we should learn from each other and help each other.
我们应当互相学习,互相帮助,这是很重要的。
It was obvious that the child had been badly treated.
很显然那个孩子受过虐待。
六、It seemed/happened/turned out/suddenly struck me/occurred to me/...that...
It happened that I wasn’t there that day.
恰好那天我不在那里。
It seems that his idea is more practical.
看起来他的意见更实际一些。
七、It+be+过去分词(如:said/reported/announced/decided/expected/hoped/known/believed/...)+that...
It is hoped that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon.
(=People hope that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon.)
人们希望鹿的数量将会很快增加。
It is reported that more than twenty people were dead in that bus accident.
据报道,在那次公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生。
【温馨提示】在It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed/...that...句型中,主语从句用虚拟语气:(should+)动词原形。
It is requested that he give a performance at the party.
有人请求他在聚会上表演一个节目。
It is ordered that the radio be sent there at once.
据命令,这台收音机要立刻送到那里去。
八、It doesn’t matter+连接代词或副词...
It doesn’t matter whether he comes or not.
他来还是不来都没关系。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
1. is said that he was a famous writer.
2.It requires patience (teach) children.
3. is not easy for us to master a foreign language.
4.It is stupid you to make such a mistake.
5. is a pleasure to be with you.
6.It is surprising she won the first place.
It
to teach
It
of
It
that(共52张PPT)
Unit 4
Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目录索引
素养导航·明目标
语言
能力 必背
单词 boundary statistic assist vital specialist
infectious clinic disinfect devotion mankind
realistic minority cast joint harmonious
rewarding mount civilian division altogether
nobly influential
重点
短语 put...at risk in vain in memory of
a lack of bring forth
语言
能力 重点
句式 1.hear+宾语+宾语补足语
2.the first time引导时间状语从句
3.No wonder...难怪……;……并不奇怪
4.It is up to sb.to do sth.做某事是某人的义务/职责/责任
核心
语法 it作形式主语
主题
写作 演讲稿
文化
意识 学习优秀人物面对边界限制时所做出的努力、斗争和突破,学习他们创新的思维方式和坚定的勇气,深化对单元主题意义的理解;能够运用单元所学内容,思考当今社会仍存在的不同边界问题,倡议大家采取行动,共同努力打破边界,创造一个更加公平、和谐的世界。
思维
品质 运用恰当的方法解决本单元的学习问题;用辩证的方法看待跨文化交际中的边界问题;使用分析、比较、例证的方法得出结论。
学习
能力 综合运用各种语言技能,读懂与打破边界相关的语篇内容,恰当使用it作形式主语来描述人们在打破边界中所做出的改变以及不同城市在包容性方面的体现,听懂并谈论有关“地球村”的话题,恰当运用所学词汇和表达描述与边界相关的问题;能够通过运用各种学习策略,在自主学习、合作学习与探究式学习的过程中,结合单元所提供的反思性和评价性问题不断监控、评价、反思和调整自己的学习内容和进程,激发英语学习的兴趣。
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步 速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 What does the text mainly tell us
A.The co-workers of the author.
B.The author’s 100 days with MSF.
C.How to be a successful doctor.
D.How to defeat Ebola.
B
Activity 2 Read the passage and choose the main idea of each paragraph.
1.Para.1 A.Never give up on a patient.
2.Para.2 B.Call for a global community.
3.Para.3 C.Powerful bonds.
4.Para.4 D.Health care workers raise virtual glasses.
5.Para.5 E.No borders for doctors,for patients.
6.Para.6 F.Two boys survived.
7.Para.7 G.The staff.
第二步 精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.Why did so many doctors get together in Liberia
A.Because there was an important international conference in Liberia.
B.Because they wanted to take chances to work in Liberia.
C.Because there happened to be a terrible disease in Liberia.
D.Because there are no borders for doctors,or for patients.
C
2.What can we know about Alfonso from the text
A.He has retired for at least 5 years.
B.He once worked in Africa.
C.He feels proud of his staff.
D.He was a bit frightened by the rate of death.
3.What can we learn from paragraph 5
A.The author had been there for several months.
B.The members in one family are in danger.
C.The parents were too old to recover.
D.The success was a less fortunate case.
B
B
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.The author is tired.
B.The author wants to leave soon.
C.The disease is dying out.
D.The doctors are still in need in the future.
D
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.What do you think is the spirit of MSF doctors
2.Who is your most respected doctor and what spirit of him or her impressed you most
略
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence(s) to introduce people.
①Wilton,a young local man,who helped carry the very sick into the treatment clinic and who disinfected clothing and surfaces.
②Maisy,a retired public health official from Darwin,Australia,whose local team of volunteers educated people on preventing infections.
③Alfonso,a soft-spoken Argentinian doctor in his 50s,who had previously worked on Ebola outbreaks in Sierra Leone and Guinea.
第三步 深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
A celebration has again drawn the attention of the world 1.__________ the last reported case one month ago.In Liberia,many specialists 2.___________(come) from almost all continents except Antarctica worked together to prevent infection of the 3._____________(bad) disease—Ebola.Although we spoke different 4._____________(language),there was no difficulty 5._____________(communicate) with each other.I came from China three months ago,and I felt 6.__________ my duty to come here and offer my help.
since
coming
worst
languages
communicating
it
We all had the belief 7._____________ there were no borders for doctors,for patients or for anyone else involved in combating this terrible disease.We never gave up on a patient,and our efforts did sometimes end in miracles.It is so 8._____________(inspire) to have colleagues to work with.In a word,it is 9._____________(absolute)essential for us 10._____________(collaborate)to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity.
that
inspiring
absolutely
to collaborate
Activity 7 长难句分析
1. 不定式短语作主语
To be caught up in such a crisis creates powerful bonds between people,
连接并列成分
not only between carers and patients,but also between all those who have come from different parts of the world and joined together in a common cause.
引导定语从句,修饰all those
[尝试翻译]
陷入这样一场危机,不仅在护理人员和病人之间,而且在来自世界各地、为共同事业而团结在一起的所有人之间建立强大的联系。
2. 现在分词短语作定语 形式主语
In a world still facing so many problems,it is absolutely essential for us all
to collaborate to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity.
真正的主语 目的状语
[尝试翻译]
在当前问题仍然突出的情况下,携手构建和平繁荣的世界命运共同体,是十分必要的。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
必记写作词汇
Ⅰ.重点单词
1. v. 处理,对付(难题)
2. adj.极其重要的
3. n.专家
4. adj.双胞胎的
5. n.人类
tackle
vital
specialist
twin
mankind
识记阅读词汇
6.boundary n.
7.statistic n.
8.comrade n.
9.Ebola n.
bat v.
11.clinic n.
12.disinfect v.
分界线;边界
(一项)统计数据
同志;朋友
埃博拉病毒
防止,抑制
诊所;门诊部
为……消毒,给……杀菌
13.outbreak n.
14.vomit n.
15.miracle n.
16.van n.
17.ward n.
18.collaborate v.
爆发,突然发生
呕吐物
意外的幸运事;奇迹
小型货车
病房
合作,协作
串记拓展词汇
19.assist v.协助,帮助→ n.帮助→ n.助手,助理;管理员
20.tragic adj.悲惨的,不幸的→ n.悲惨的事,不幸,灾难
→ adv.悲惨地
21.relieve v.给(某人)换班;使减轻;缓解→ n.宽慰;轻松;(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除
22.infectious adj.传染性的→ vt.感染,传染
23.devotion n.奉献→ vt.致力于;奉献→ adj.献身的;忠诚的
pensate v.弥补,补偿→ n.补偿,赔偿;赔偿金,补偿金
assistance
assistant
tragedy
tragically
relief
infect
devote
devoted
compensation
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
名词或动词加后缀-ous构成形容词,如:
envy→envious嫉妒的,羡慕的
glory→glorious光荣的
harmony→harmonious和谐的
advantage→advantageous有利的
poison→poisonous有毒的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.make up one’s mind
2.regardless of
3.put...at risk
4. 对……绝望;对……不抱希望
5. 以……结尾,结果是
6. 牵扯进,卷入
下定决心
不论,不管
把……置于危险之中
give up on
end in
be caught up in
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.devotion n.奉献,忠诚;深爱,挚爱
【佳句背诵】His devotion to his wife and family is touching.[人物描写]
他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。
2.make up one’s mind 下定决心
【佳句背诵】I have made up my mind to study harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things.[学校生活]
我已经下定决心更努力地学习而不是把宝贵的时间浪费到那些没用的事情上。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.lack n.& vt.缺乏
(a) lack of...缺乏……
for lack of...因缺乏……
have no lack of...不缺乏……
lacking adj.缺乏的
be lacking in缺乏
lack for...(对……)不充足,缺乏……(常用于否定句)
【佳句背诵】When there is a lack of food,there is hunger.[饮食健康]
凡缺食物,必有饥饿。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①The girl’s real problem is that she (lack) confidence.
②The crops all died lack of water.
③He is good at his job but he seems to be (lack) in confidence.
④她好像一点头脑都没有。
She seems to be entirely _______ _______ intelligence.
⑤由于缺乏治疗,一些从废墟中获救的病人很快死亡。
Due to _______ _______ treatment,some patients rescued from the ruins died soon.
lacks
for
lacking
lacking in
lack of
【名师点津】lack虽可用作及物动词,但不用于被动语态;lack用作不及物动词时,常与介词for或in连用;lack用作名词时,常与介词of连用。
2.assist vt.协助;帮助
assist sb.with sth. 在某方面给某人帮助
assist sb.in (doing) sth.帮助某人(做)某事
assist sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某事
assistance n.[U]帮助,协助,援助
with the assistance of在……的帮助下
come to one’s assistance帮助某人
assistant n.助手;助理;售货员
【佳句背诵】We will assist you to find somewhere to live.[提供帮助]
我们将帮助你找个住的地方。
【即学即练】用assist的适当形式填空/单句写作
①She received financial from the local authority.
②He me with good counsel and encouragement.
③We are looking for a young having the ambition.
④他要求我们帮助他解决这个问题。
He asked us to _______ _______ _______ _________ _______ _______ _______ _______.
assistance
assisted
assistant
assist him in working/to work out
the problem
⑤我受雇协助经理工作。
I was employed to _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.
⑥同车的一个乘客过来帮她。
One of her fellow passengers _______ _______ _______ _________ .
assist the manager with his duties
came to her assistance
【易混辨析】assist/help/aid
assist 意为“帮助;协助”,侧重指协助
help 意为“帮助”,为常用词
aid 主要指帮助他人脱离危险或战胜困难
3.base vt.以……为根据;把……设在 n.基部;基地;基础;根基;底部
base...on/upon 把……建立在……上
be based on/upon以……为根据
basis n.基础;基本原则
on the basis of根据;在……的基础上
basic adj. 基础的;基本的;根本的
basically adv.基本上;基本地;主要地
【佳句背诵】The writer based his book on a true story.[事情描写]
作者写的书基于一个真实的故事。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/一句多译
① (base)an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later.
②She was chosen the basis of her talent of music.
③First,he showed us the (base)steps and skills of making dough figurines.
Basing
on
basic
这家餐馆建立在信任之上,现在运转正常。
→④The restaurant trust,and it is working all right. (base...on...)
→⑤ ,the restaurant is working all right.(分词短语作状语)
→⑥The restaurant,which ,is working all right.(定语从句)
is based on
Based on trust
is based on trust
4.vital adj.极其重要的,必不可少的
be vital for/to... 对……极重要的/必不可少的
It is vital to do sth.做某事极其重要。
It is vital that...……十分重要。
【佳句背诵】It is vital to get the patient to the hospital at once.[医疗健康]
把这个病人立刻送到医院是至关重要的。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①It is vital that enough money (collect) to fund the project.
②It is vital for a journalist (keep)accurate records.
③飞行员知道保持清醒对控制飞行高度和氧气流量至关重要。
The pilot knew _______ _______ _______ _______ stay awake to control the flight altitude and oxygen flow.
④重要的是我们必须熟悉这种病毒的传播情况。
_______ _______ _______ _______ we should know the spread of the virus.
(should) be collected
to keep
it was vital to
It is vital that
【名师点津】在句型“It is vital that...”中,从句谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”的形式。
5.put...at risk把……置于危险境地
take risks/a risk 冒险
at the risk of...冒着……风险
take/run the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事
risk doing sth.冒险做某事
risk one’s life to do sth.冒着生命危险做某事
【佳句背诵】That would mean putting other children at risk.[观点看法]
那就意味着要把其他孩子置于危险之中。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①If exposed to very noisy music every day,young people may risk
(go) deaf.
②He was determined to get there even the risk of his life.
③The national parks are very important for the protection of these wild animals,which would otherwise run the risk becoming extinct.
going
at
of
④在这项实验中,男性在压力下更容易冒险。
Men who had been stressed tended to_______ _______ _______in the experiment.
⑤他冒着生命危险在冰冷的河水里救了我。
He _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______in the cold river.
take more risks
risked his life to save me
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
tackle
A.v.应付,处理,解决(难题或局面)
B.v.与某人交涉;向某人提起(问题或困难情况) C.v.抢球;抢断;铲断
D.n.滑轮,用具,器械 E.n.擒抱,擒拿
①I tackled him about the money he owed me.
②He was tackled just outside the penalty area.
③The government is determined to tackle inflation.
④We use the tackles to lift the stones.
⑤The policeman brought the thief to the ground with a flying tackle.
B
C
A
D
E
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.relieve
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v. Being able to tell the truth at last seemed to relieve her.
生义 v. You’ll be relieved at six o’clock.
解除,减轻,缓和(不快或痛苦)
给(某人)换班
2.twin
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. I can’t tell one twin from the other.
生义 adj. We got a twin bed in the garage.
v. The opera twins the themes of love and death.
双胞胎之一
双胞胎的;成双的;成对的
使(两人或两事物)紧密结合;使耦合;使相连
重点句式——多维剖析
1.hear+宾语+宾语补足语
【教材原句】As she talked,I could hear at least three different languages being spoken at the tables around us.
她说话的时候,我可以听到隔壁桌传过来的谈话声,至少混着三种不同的语言。
该结构主要有以下几种形式:
hear+宾语+doing 听到……正在做……
hear+宾语+do 听到……做……
hear+宾语+being done 听到……正在被做
hear+宾语+done 听到……被做
【佳句背诵】I heard someone calling my name.[情景描写]
我听见有人正在叫我的名字。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①They then heard a woman’s voice (come) from the wrecked vehicle.
②Listening to music at home is one thing;going to hear it
(perform) live is quite another.
③As we drew closer,I could see a whale (attack) by a pack of about six other killers.
④她听见汤姆上了楼。
She heard Tom _______ _______.
⑤我听到有人在叫我的名字。
I heard my name _______ _______.
coming
being performed
being attacked
go upstairs
being called
【温馨提示】除hear外,有类似用法的感官动词(短语)还有see,notice,watch,observe,listen to,look at 等。
2.the first time引导时间状语从句
【教材原句】It is not the first time the author has worked with MSF.
这不是作者第一次与无国界医生组织合作。
It is/was the first time that...(如果前面用is,从句谓语动词用现在完成时;如果前面用was,从句谓语动词则用过去完成时)这是第一次……
It’s time for sth.该是(做)某事的时候了。
It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.该是(某人)做某事的时候了。
the last/first time+从句 最后一次/第一次……
It’s high/about time that...(从句谓语动词用过去时)现在是……的时候了。
【佳句背诵】It was the first time that she had ever left her motherland.[人物描写]
这是她第一次离开祖国。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①Though it was the first time that I ___________ (visit) the small town,I fell in love with it at once.
②But this is the first time that I ___________ (write) an application and the personal resume,so I don’t know if there is something to pay attention to.
③It’s high time that we ___________ (take) immediate measures to protect our earth from being polluted.
had visited
have written
took
④那是我第一次参观长城。
It was the first time that I _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.
⑤到我们出发去北京的时间了。
It _______ _______ _______ _______ we left for Beijing.
had visited the Great Wall
is high time that
