限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气：
02 非谓语动词做主语、宾语以及表语
积累运用
一. 非谓语动词的时态和语态
形式 时态 主动 被动
动词ing 一般时 doing being done
完成时 having done having been done
不定式 一般时 to do to be done
完成时 to have done to have been done
进行时 to be doing
过去分词 表被动或完成 done
二. 非谓语动词在句中可充当的主语、宾语和表语情况
形式 做主语 做宾语 做表语
doing √ √ √
to do √ √ √
done √
注意：
1. to do 与doing 作主语时区别：
(1)to do作主语，强调具体的某次动作或行为；
(2)doing作主语，强调习惯性的行为。常见doing作主语的固定结构有：
It is no good doing… 做…没有好处
It is no use doing…做…没有用
It is a waste of time doing …做…浪费时间
It is worthwhile doing…做…是值得的
2. to do ,doing与done做表语时区别：
(1)to do 作表语，表示主语的具体内容，表将来的动作行为与目的。主语通常是表示“意图、计划、打算等”词汇，如wish, plan, intention, dream, task, …；
(2)doing作主语，表示抽象或经常发生的动作行为，常常表示“职业、身份等”词汇，如job, career, work, duty….；
(3)done作表语，表示“感到…”或”被…”。
三. 非谓语结构中，doing与to do作宾语时异同情况
(1) 意义相同的词有：start, begin, continue
start to do =start doing; begin to do=begin doing; continue to do=continue doing
(2)意义不同的词有：forget, remember, stop, try, regret, mean, can’t help, go on
forget to do 忘记要去做某事；forget doing忘记做过某事
remember to do 记得要去做某事；remember doing记得做过
stop to do 停止做某事；stop doing 停止做某事
try to do 努力做某事；try doing 试着做某事
regret to do 遗憾得去做某事；regret doing 后悔做过某事
mean to do 打算做某事；mean doing 意味着做某事
can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做某事；can’t help doing情不自禁做某事
go on to do 继续去做另一件事；go on doing 继续做之前的事
根据括号内所给的词完成句子
1. Zhang Yugun managed ________ (help) children in poor areas to realize their dream of going to university, so not a single child in his village dropped out of school because of poverty.
【答案】to help
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：张玉滚设法帮助贫困地区的孩子实现了上大学的梦想，所以他的村里没有一个孩子因为贫困而辍学。固定搭配manage to do sth意为“设法做成某事”，设空处应填动词help的不定式，作manage的宾语。所以填to help。
2. Listening to his lecture, I fell deeply in love with science and have made up my mind ________(devote) my life to science in the future.
【答案】to devote
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：听了他的讲座，我深深地爱上了科学并决心在未来献身于科学。make up one’s mind to do sth.意为“下定决心做某事”，to devote在句中作宾语，所以填to devote。
3. “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished.
【答案】to stop
【详解】考查不定式。句意：“不是那样的，”我妈妈试图阻止我，但失败了。她是对的。结果并不如我所愿。由“but failed”可知，句子表示“我妈妈试图阻止我，但失败了”，“试图做某事”是固定短语try to do，因此空格处是不定式to stop作宾语，所以填to stop。
4. I then made it a point ________ (attend) those meetings and learn all I could.
【答案】to attend
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，我决定参加这些会议，尽我所能学习。make+it+n+to do为固定用法，it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。所以填to attend。
5. An athlete addicted to ________(climb) rocks built a climbing wall in his living room when he was forced to remain indoors by a COVID-19 lockdown.
【答案】climbing
【详解】考查动名词。句意：当一名攀岩成瘾的运动员因新冠疫情封锁而被迫待在室内时，他在客厅里建了一面攀岩墙。be addicted to doing sth沉迷于做某事，to是介词，后面用动名词形式。所以填climbing。
6. Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight against air pollution by _________ (record) pollutant levels near the ground.
【答案】recording
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Baggy通过记录近地面的污染物水平，成为英国乃至可能世界上第一只加入对抗空气污染斗争的狗。根据空前的介词by可知，这里应用动名词形式，作介词的宾语，且和逻辑主语Baggy之间为主动关系。所以填recording。
7. Although he resigned, he still did whatever he could to help the disabled, so he deserved_________.(praise)
【答案】praising或者to be praised
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：虽然他辞职了，但他仍然尽一切努力帮助残疾人，所以他应该被赞扬。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配deserve doing/to be done/，意为“值得被……”，此处praising 或者to be praised为宾语，所以填praising或者to be praised。
8. Bishop says since robots have great difficulty ________ (understand) humor, she feels like it gives her better job safety as a comedy performer.
【答案】understanding
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：Bishop说，由于机器人很难理解幽默，她觉得这让作为喜剧演员的她拥有更好的工作安全感。分析句子可知，这里考查have difficulty (in) doing sth 表“做某事有困难”，所以这里应填动名词作宾语。所以填understanding。
9. It took unusual determination and courage _________ (bridge) the gap between the middle class and the poor.
【答案】to bridge
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：弥合中产阶级和穷人之间的差距需要不同寻常的决心和勇气。it take(s) something to do sth.是固定句型，it是形式主语，不定式to bridge是真正的主语，所以填to bridge。
10. It is up to you ________ (decide) whether to go shopping or not.
【答案】to decide
【详解】考查不定式。句意：由你决定是否去购物。根据句意及句子结构可知，本题考查短语It is up to sb. to do sth.，表示“由某人决定做某事”，故填不定式，it为形式主语，代替后面的不定式，所以填to decide。
11. The professor is easy________ (approach), and all the young teachers like to ask for advice from him.
to approach
【答案】to approach
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位教授很容易接近，所有的年轻教师都喜欢向他请教。根据所给句子分析，将本句进行改写为：To approach the professor is easy，由此得知本句中“to approach the professor”为真正的主语，easy是用来形容“接近教授这件事很容易”，此处to approach为非谓语作主语，所以填to approach。
12. There is no doubt that it is vital________(know)some knowledge of first aid as danger lies everywhere and accidents happen from time to time.
【答案】to know
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：毫无疑问，掌握一些急救知识是至关重要的，因为危险无处不在，事故也时有发生。it be+adj.+to do sth.“做某事是……的”是固定句型，it是形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。所以填to know。
13. In April, thousands of holiday-makers remained ________ (stick) abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
【答案】stuck
【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在4月，由于火山灰云，成千上万的度假者滞留在国外。分析句子结构可知，此空在系动词remain之后作表语，另外，主语holiday-makers与stick之间为被动关系，且该动作已经发生，所以使用过去分词。所以填stuck。
14. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are essential in staying________ (connect).
【答案】connected
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对于那些家庭成员远离的人来说，个人电脑和电话是保持联系的必要手段。空前stay为系动词，意为：保持...状态。（be) connected with是固定短语，意为"与……保持联系、联络"，其中connected可以看作表示状态的形容词，用作表语。所以填connected。
15. You can get (refresh) after applying the cream evenly to the skin of your face and neck.
【答案】refreshed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：将面霜均匀涂抹在面部和颈部皮肤上后，你可以精神焕发。get为连系动词，后接过去分词作表语，get refreshed：变得精神抖擞，符合句意，所以填refreshed。
16. My dream is ________ (become) an outstanding architect after graduation.
【答案】to become
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的梦想是毕业后成为一名杰出的建筑师。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少句子的表语，dream作主语，表语用不定式形式表示将来的动作，因而用动词不定式形式。所以填to become。
17．The purpose of the program is ________ (promote) an open exchange of ideas and information.
【答案】to promote
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划的目的是促进思想和信息的公开交流。 purpose作主语，用不定式形式作表语，不定式形式表示将来的动作，所以填to promote。
18. The plot of the drama was so (absorb) that the girl was attracted by it.
【答案】absorbing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这出戏的情节如此吸引人，女孩被它吸引住了。修饰前面主语，指物用动词现在分词形式，相当于形容词作表语，absorbing吸引人的，符合题意。所以填absorbing。
19. The manager told me that my daily task was (clean) the floors of the building.
【答案】cleaning
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：经理告诉我，我的日常任务是打扫大楼的地板。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，应用动名词形式作句子表语，说明主语my daily task的内容，符合题意。所以填cleaning。
20. It is no use ___________(try) to play erhu if you are not going to give it your best shot.
【答案】trying
【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你不打算发挥出最好的水平，那么演奏二胡是没有用的。it is no use doing sth. (做某事是没有用的)，动名词作主语。it做形式主语。所以填trying。
阅读理解
A
The recent story on Tik Tok showed how two neighbors found companionship during the lock-down because of the pandemic, thanks to a share the love of the piano.
The story started when Giorgio Lo Porto heard his neighbor playing the piano through their dividing wall. Lo Porto, an Italian living in London, decided to reach out to his neighbor and left a note asking him or her to play My Heart Will Go On. The mystery never agreed, leading Lo Porto to send another note suggesting they play a duet (二重奏) together from the comfort of their own homes. The mystery neighbor started playing the piano at 2: 00 pm, and when he stopped after finishing a part of the song, Lo Porto continued. Over time, the duets between the two complete strangers became a regular weekend appointment.
Weeks later, the pair finally met and it was better than expected. The mystery pianist happened to be a 78-year-old Polish man named Emil, who was living in temporary accommodation until his house was sold. He lost his wife in December due to COVID- 19 and all he had left was the piano. And the reason why he played at 2: 00 pm every weekend was that he and his wife used to do that.
The pair finished a final duet together—Beethoven’ s Moonlight Sonata—before Emil moved out at the end of February.
While this is heartwarming in itself, the story has a heartbreaking ending: On March 14, Lo Porto shared that his old neighbor had passed away in his sleep. He said, “Now he is reunited with his wife.”
While saying goodbye to Emil, Lo Porto wrote, “Dear Emil, I knew very little about you, but you changed my life. You give me back my passion, and we shared that with the world. You will be in my heart. I’ ll keep playing, thinking of how powerful music can be. You said I was your light, but you’ ve been mine, too. Bye, Emil.”
1．What happened after Lo Porto left the second note for Emil
A．They shared their playing skill with each other.
B．They composed a new song based on a classic.
C．They perform the music together through the wall.
D．They reached out to neighbors to cheer them up.
2．Why did Emil play the piano at a special time
A．To advertise his house. B．To comfort strangers.
C．To upload his updates. D．To remember his wife.
3．What is the sad part of the story in the author’ s opinion
A．Emil’ s passing away.
B．Lo Porto’ s departure.
C．Their final performance.
D．The unfamiliarity between them.
4．What does Lo Porto mainly convey at last
A．It is easy to say goodbye.
B．He admired Emil’ s ambition.
C．Music is a universal language.
D．Emil positively influenced him.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两个陌生邻居在疫情隔离期间隔墙合奏音乐的感人故事。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The mystery never agreed, leading Lo Porto to send another note suggesting they play a duet (二重奏) together from the comfort of their own homes. The mystery neighbor started playing the piano at 2: 00 pm, and when he stopped after finishing a part of the song, Lo Porto continued. Over time, the duets between the two complete strangers became a regular weekend appointment.(这位神秘的邻居同意了，于是洛·波尔图又发了一张便条，建议他们在舒适的家中一起演奏二重唱。这位神秘的邻居在下午2点开始弹钢琴，当他弹完一首歌的一部分后停了下来，洛·波尔图继续演奏。 随着时间的推移，这两个完全陌生的人之间的二重唱变成了周末的常规约会)”可知，在Lo Porto给Emil留了第二张便条后，他们开始隔墙合奏。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“He lost his wife in December due to COVID- 19 and all he had left was the piano. And the reason why he played at 2: 00 pm every weekend was that he and his wife used to do that.(去年12月，他的妻子因新冠肺炎去世，剩下的只有钢琴。他之所以在每个周末的下午2点弹奏是因为他和他的妻子过去经常这样做)”可推断，Emil在每周末的下午两点弹钢琴是为了缅怀妻子。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“While this is heartwarming in itself, the story has a heartbreaking ending: On March 14, Lo Porto shared that his old neighbor had passed away in his sleep. (虽然这本身很暖心，但故事的结局却令人心碎：3月14日，洛·波尔图分享了他的老邻居在睡梦中去世的消息)”可知，在作者看来，这个故事的结局令人心碎，因为Emil去世了。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“You gave me back my passion, and we shared that with the world. You’ll be in my heart. I’ll keep playing, thinking of how powerful music can be. (你燃起了我的热情，我们把它分享给了全世界。你会在我心里。我会继续演奏，想象音乐有多么强大)”可知，Emil让他重拾了对音乐的热情并且成为他生命中的一道光。由此可推断，Lo Porto主要想表达Emil对他产生了积极的影响。故选D项。
B
The next time you have cheese, remember the French scientist Louis Pasteur who discovered that bad milk, and many diseases are caused by bacteria(细菌).
Louis Pasteur is known as the father of microbiology. In his lifetime, he not only proved that bacteria are the cause of diseases, but also discovered the process of vaccination (接种疫苗) which has saved billions of lives.
When Pasteur worked with chickens that were suffering from cholera(霍乱) during his experiments, he accidentally spread cholera to his chickens. Pasteur’s chickens became mildly sick but did not die. This was strange as every chicken that came near cholera earlier had died. He realized soon that the cholera had become weak. By the time he tried again, the chickens he had cured earlier did not get cholera anymore. He realized that a weak cholera helped his chickens develop an antibody against it.
Later, Pasteur went on to try this on cows, pigs and dogs. All his research helped him develop different vaccines. We now know that the process of vaccination introduces a weakened kind of bacteria into our body. Our body reacts by creating antibodies to fight the bacteria. Now, when our body comes across the same bacteria which are much stronger, it can fight them off.
Louis Pasteur received numerous awards for the advancement of biology, chemistry, and medicine. He founded the Pasteur Institute to study diseases. It was the first university to teach microbiology and today there are 32 institutes across 29 countries. For every child vaccinated against a deadly disease, we have Louis Pasteur to thank.
5．What do we know about Louis Pasteur
A．His discoveries weren’t used at his time.
B．He discovered the connection between bacteria and diseases.
C．He was a professor at the Pasteur Institute.
D．His discoveries brought many profits and awards to him.
6．What can we learn from his experiment with chickens
A．Cholera was not a deadly disease then.
B．Pasteur spread cholera to chickens on purpose.
C．All chickens suffered from cholera died at last.
D．The weakened cholera couldn’t kill the living creatures
7．What is the function of the process of vaccination
A．It builds up people’s body.
B．Without it, people will die.
C．It improves people’s ability to avoid diseases.
D．It can kill all the diseases and make the sick bealthy.
8．Why does the author write the passage
A．Because he wants to honour Louis Pasteur and his contribution to the world.
B．Because he wants to show the discoveries of the vaccination.
C．Because be wants to call on children to learn from Louis Pasteur
D．Because he wants to introduce an important invention in microbiology.
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了法国微生物学家Louis Pasteur，他发现了疫苗接种，拯救了亿万人类的生命。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“The next time you have cheese, remember the French scientist Louis Pasteur who discovered that bad milk, and many diseases are caused by bacteria (细菌).(下次你吃奶酪的时候，记得法国科学家Louis Pasteur，他发现了变质的牛奶，以及许多疾病是由细菌引起的)”可知，Louis Pasteur发现很多疾病是由细菌引起的。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“When Pasteur worked with chickens that were suffering from cholera(霍乱) during his experiments, he accidentally spread cholera to his chickens. Pasteur’s chickens became mildly sick but did not die. This was strange as every chicken that came near cholera earlier had died. He realized soon that the cholera had become weak. By the time he tried again, the chickens he had cured earlier did not get cholera anymore. He realized that a weak cholera helped his chickens develop an antibody against it.(当巴斯德在实验中研究患有霍乱的鸡时，他不小心把霍乱传染给了他的鸡。巴斯德的鸡出现轻微疾病，但没有死亡。这很奇怪，因为之前每只靠近霍乱的鸡都死了。他很快意识到霍乱已经不那么严重了。当他再次尝试时，他之前治愈的鸡已经不再感染霍乱了。他意识到一种微弱的霍乱有帮助，他的鸡产生了一种对抗霍乱的抗体)”可推知，有些鸡感染了霍乱却没有死，因为它们感染的霍乱已经被削弱了，故被削弱的霍乱无法杀死生物。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段“Later, Pasteur went on to try this on cows, pigs and dogs. All his research helped him develop different vaccines. We now know that the process of vaccination introduces a weakened kind of bacteria into our body. Our body reacts by creating antibodies to fight the bacteria. Now, when our body come across the same bacteria which are much stronger, it can fight them off.(后来，巴斯德继续在牛、猪和狗身上进行试验。他所有的研究都帮助他开发了不同的疫苗。我们现在知道，接种疫苗的过程会将一种衰弱的细菌引入我们的身体。我们的身体通过产生抗体来对抗细菌。现在，当我们的身体遇到同样的更强大的细菌时，它可以将它们击退。)”可知，疫苗接种通过把弱化了的细菌注射进人体，使人体产生了对抗细菌的抗体，增强了应对感染的免疫力。因此疫苗接种过程的作用是它能提高人们避免疾病的能力。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Louis Pasteur received numerous awards for the advancement of biology, chemistry, and medicine. He founded the Pasteur Institute to study diseases. It was the first university to teach microbiology and today there are 32 institutes across 29 countries. For every child vaccinated against a deadly disease, we have Louis Pasteur to thank.(路易斯·巴斯德因为在生物学、化学和医学上的进步而获得了许多奖项。他创立了巴斯德研究所来研究疾病。它是第一所教授微生物学的大学，如今在29个国家有32个研究所。对于每一个接种疫苗预防致命疾病的孩子，我们都要感谢路易斯·巴斯德)”结合本文介绍了微生物学家Louis Pasteur，他发现了疫苗接种，拯救了亿万人类的生命。可以推测，本文写作目的在于缅怀这位伟大的科学家，提醒我们不要忘记他的卓越贡献。故选A。
二、完形填空
We’ve become part of the Lendaer Group, an eco-village in Denmark. After studying environmental science I was 9 to change my lifestyle. I wanted to live 10 the land and to provide our own food and 11 . We also wanted to live in a community with 12 people around us. It took us 10 years to 13 it.
Now I live in a roundhouse made out of straw (干稻草). It is not what I would call low-cost housing. The cost is your 14 . You have to have great willpower. We had to 15 everything because we had no spare money when we moved here.
I think we’ve done what I 16 to do: grow our own food and provide our own resources. We have hydro (水电) power and solar panels and we feel like we’re not 17 the planet’s resources.
We 18 produce such as eggplants, peas and carrots. We have nut trees and apple trees. We have 9.5 acres of land and keep sheep. I earn about 20,000 a year. Most of my 19 comes from shearing (修剪) our sheep, and using the 20 to run willow-weaving (纺织). If we have spare fruit, we 21 them too. But we reinvest (再投资) most of the money in the 22 , and animal care.
Organic clothes are very 23 but I do choose them. We might spend about 150 a month on eating out as a family. We always try and shop local produce 24 it’s more expensive. We don’t go holiday a lot but when we do we try to travel by train. It takes a long time but for me it’ s about the 25 , not the destination.
Looking back, I’ d argue being organic is 26 for anyone. It costs you next to nothing—just time and 27 If people want to be healthier and 28 for themselves, they can do it.
9．A．allowed B．expected C．inspired D．required
10．A．in connection with B．in exchange for C．in response to D．in honor of
11．A．education B．electricity C．oxygen D．sunshine
12．A．cold-hearted B．white-haired C．similar-minded D．near-sighted
13．A．find B．purchase C．make D．recover
14．A．money B．pleasure C．future D．energy
15．A．borrow B．create C．dismiss D．overlook
16．A．went on B．joined up C．set out D．called in
17．A．searching for B．using up C．researching into D．selling out
18．A．promote B．export C．grow D．buy
19．A．income B．experience C．knowledge D．entertainment
20．A．materials B．equipment C．techniques D．influence
21．A．donate B．throw C．keep D．sell
22．A．books B．garden C．house D．study
23．A．common B．tough C．casual D．expensive
24．A．as if B．even if C．now that D．in case
25．A．comfort B．speed C．transport D．journey
26．A．achievable B．changeable C．impossible D．visible
27．A．effort B．fame C．success D．health
28．A．compete B．defend C．provide D．vote
【答案】
9．C 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．C 14．D 15．B 16．C 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．A 21．D 22．B 23．D 24．B 25．D 26．A 27．A 28．C
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过作者叙述自己成功过上有机生活的经历告诉我们，如果想要健康和自给自足，任何人都可以实现有机生活的方式。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在学习了环境科学之后，我受到启发要改变我的生活方式。A. allowed允许；B. expected期待；C. inspired启发；D. required 要求。根据上文“After studying environmental science”以及下文“change my lifestyle”可推知，此处应表示作者在了解境科学之后，受到启发决定改变自己的生活方式。故选C项。
10．考查介词短语辨析。句意：我想在这片与我们息息相关的土地上生活，提供我们自己的食物和电力。A. in connection with与……有关；B. in exchange for用……交换；C. in response to作为回应；D. in honor of向……致敬。根据句意以及下文“and to provide our own food and____11____.”可知，此处应表示作者想在这片与自己息息相关的土地上生活。故选A项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想在这片与我们息息相关的土地上生活，提供我们自己的食物和电力。A. education教育；B. electricity电力；C. oxygen氧气；D. sunshine阳光。根据下文“grow our own food and provide our own resources.”和“We have hydro (水电) power and solar panels”可知，此处是指给自己提供食物和电力。故选B项。
12．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们也想和志同道合的人住在一起。A. cold-hearted冷酷的；B. white-haired白头发的；C. similar-minded志同道合的；D. near-sighted近视的。根据上文“We’ve become part of the Lendaer Group, an eco-village in Denmark. ”可知，作者想和志同道合的人住在一起。故选C项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们花了10年时间才做到这一点。A. find找到；B. purchase购买；C. make做；D. recover恢复。根据上文提到的作者的设想——这片土地上自给自足，以及该句中的“It took us 10 years”可知，此处应表示作者他们花了10年时间才做到这一点。make it“成功或达到目标”。故选C项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：代价是你的能量。A. money金钱；B. pleasure乐趣；C. future未来；D. energy能量。根据下文“You have to have great willpower.”可知，这里环境非常艰苦，会消耗你的意志力和能量。故选D项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不得不创造一切，因为我们搬到这里时没有多余的钱。A. borrow借来；B. create创造；C. dismiss解雇；D. overlook忽视。根据下文“because we had no spare money when we moved here”可知，此处应表示我们不得不创造一切。故选B项。
16．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我认为我们已经完成了我的目标：种植我们自己的食物，提供我们自己的资源。A. went on继续；B. joined up联合；C. set out着手去做；D. called in召集。根据上文“I wanted to live____10____the land and to provide our own food and____11____.”可知，这两件事是在生态村首先要着手去做的，空格处所在的句子意为我们已经完成了当初着手要做的事情。故选C项。
17．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们有水力发电和太阳能电池板，我们觉得我们没有耗尽地球的资源。A. searching for搜寻；B. using up用完；C. researching into深入研究；D. selling out卖完。根据上文“We have hydro (水电) power and solar panels”可知，作者认为他们没有耗尽地球的资源。故选B项。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们种植诸如茄子、豌豆和胡萝卜之类的农产品。A. promote促进；B. export出口；C. grow种植；D. buy买。根据上文提到的“grow our own food”以及该句中的“such as eggplants, peas and carrots”由此可知，此处应表示种植诸如茄子、豌豆和胡萝卜之类的农产品。故选C项。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的大部分收入来自剪羊毛，以及用剪羊毛的材料做柳编。A. income收入；B. experience经历；C. knowledge知识；D. entertainment娱乐。根据上文“I earn about 20,000 a year.”由此可知，此处应表示我的大部分收入来自剪羊毛。故选A项。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的大部分收入来自剪羊毛，以及用剪下的材料做柳编。A. materials材料；B. equipment设备；C. techniques技术；D. influence影响。根据句意以及下文“to run willow-weaving.”可知，此处应表示用剪下的羊毛做柳编。故选A项。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们有多余的水果，我们也会把它们卖掉。A. donate捐赠；B. throw扔；C. keep保持；D. sell卖。根据下文“we reinvest (再投资) most of the money”可知，此处应表示有多余的水果会把它们卖掉。故选D项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是我们把大部分的钱再投资在园艺和动物护理上。A. books书；B. garden花园；C. house房子；D. study学习。根据上文“We____18____produce such as eggplants, peas and carrots. We have nut trees and apple trees. We have 9.5 acres of land and keep sheep.”可知，作者和家人从事种植和养羊这两件事，所以大部分的钱也投入到这两方面。故选B项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有机服装很贵，但我确实会选择它们。A. common共同的；B. tough艰难的；C. casual随便的；D. expensive昂贵的。根据下文“but I do choose them.”再结合下文“We always try and shop local produce___24___it’ s more expensive.”可知，此处应表示有机服装很贵，但作者确实会选择它们。故选D项。
24．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们总是尽量买本地产品，即使它更贵。A. as if似乎；B. even if即使；C. now that既然；D. in case万一。结合语境可知“We always try and shop local produce”与“it’ s more expensive”可知，上下文语意逻辑之间是让步关系。故选B项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这需要很长时间，但对我来说，重要的是过程，而不是目的地。A. comfort安慰；B. speed速度；C. transport交通；D. journey旅程。根据上文“We don’ t go holiday a lot but when we do we try to travel by train. It takes a long time…”我可知，我们很注重旅程本身，而不是急于到达目的地。故选D项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回顾过去，我认为对任何人来说，有机化都是可以实现的。A. achievable可实现的；B. changeable多变的；C. impossible不可能的；D. visible可视的。 根据下文“It costs you next to nothing—just time and___27___.”可知，对于每一个人来说，有机的生活方式并不难，是可以实现的。故选A项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它几乎不花费你什么——只是时间和努力。A. effort努力；B. fame名声；C. success成功；D. health健康。根据上文提到在生态村需要自给自足以及强大的意志力等细节描写可知，此处应表示你需要努力创造才能过上自给自足的有机生活。故选A项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们想要更健康，自给自足，他们可以做到。A. compete竞争；B. defend防卫；C. provide提供；D. vote投票。根据前文对有机生活自给自足这一主要特点的叙述，以及该句中的“If people want to be healthier”可知，此处应表示如果人们想要更健康，自给自足，他们可以做到。故选C项。
拓展突破练
1. (2023全国甲卷.阅读理解B篇) The average spend per project will be around 823. Two thirds of people aim____________ (improve) their comfort while at home.
【答案】to improve
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每个项目的平均支出约为823英镑。三分之二的人希望改善自己在家时的舒适度。aim to do表示“目的为了…”，所以填to improve。
2. （2023全国甲卷.阅读理解D篇）____________ (put) electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at __________ (get) grizzlies away.
【答案】Putting; getting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。
句子的主语为________electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters, 应该用动名词作主语；at为介词，后面应该用动词ing形式作宾语.所以分别填Putting和getting。
3. （2023全国甲卷.阅读理解D篇）Our hope is ____________ (have) a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits.
【答案】to have
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望有一个干净，没有吸引力的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯。My hope表示将来的意图打算，所以应用不定式，所以填to have。
4. (2023全国甲卷. 七选五)Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests _____________(wait) for things actually makes us happier in the long run.
【答案】waiting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：即时满足似乎是当时最能让人“感觉良好”的选择，但心理学研究表明，从长远看，等待实际上会让我们更快乐。suggest,表示“建议”，后面加动名词作宾语，所以填waiting。
5. （2023新课标全国II卷.阅读理解B篇）Some students get so _____________ (interest) in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.
【答案】interested
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始了自己的菜园。get为系动词,后面应该用表语，又因为主语为some students, 所以应该用修饰人的表语，所以填interested。
6. （2023新课标全国II卷.阅读理解C篇）Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed ____________ (make) the printed page outdated.
【答案】to make
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通信技术的不断发展使印刷纸张过时了。句子的主语为continued developments in communication technologies，谓语动词为were believed，因为结构be believed to do， 所以填to make。
7. （2023北京高考.阅读理解B篇）I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally ___________ (shock)—and ___________ (overjoy)—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab.
【答案】shocked; overjoyed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我欣然接受了这个机会，几周后，当她邀请我和她谈谈我可以在她的实验室里从事的潜在项目时，我同样感到震惊—同时也是欣喜若狂。was为系动词，后面非谓语动词应该作表语，且主语为人，所以表语应该是过去分词形式。所以填shocked和overjoyed。
8. （2023新课标全国I卷.阅读理解C篇）The goal of this book is ____________ (make) the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then ___________(teach) you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
【答案】to make; to teach
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书的目的是为数字极简主义做一个案例，包括对它的要求和为什么它有效的详细探索，然后教你如何采用这种哲学，如果你认为它适合你。The goal of the book为句子的主语，不定式作表语表示将来的意图目的， 所以应该用不定式。而且，这本书的目的有两方面，即make与teach为并列的谓语动词。所以分别填to make和to teach。
9.（2023新课标全国I卷.七选五）In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way__________ (boost) self-confidence at any time.
【答案】to boost
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：实际上，不要等到你犯错误了再去尝试—任何时间激发个人的自信是一种不错的方式。It is a great way to do …此处it为形式主语，to do 为真正的主语。所以填to boost。
10. (2023全国乙卷.阅读理解B篇)___________ (live) in Iowa and ___________(try) to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
【答案】Living; trying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：住在爱荷华州，努力成为一名专门从事风景摄影的摄影师可能是一个相当大的挑战，主要是因为玉米之州缺乏地理差异。句子的主语应该是并列的两个非谓语形式，分别为living 和trying,所以填入Living和trying。
答案第4页，共16页限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气：
02 非谓语动词做主语、宾语以及表语
积累运用
一. 非谓语动词的时态和语态
形式 时态 主动 被动
动词ing 一般时 doing being done
完成时 having done having been done
不定式 一般时 to do to be done
完成时 to have done to have been done
进行时 to be doing
过去分词 表被动或完成 done
二. 非谓语动词在句中可充当的主语、宾语和表语情况
形式 做主语 做宾语 做表语
doing √ √ √
to do √ √ √
done √
注意：
1. to do 与doing 作主语时区别：
(1)to do作主语，强调具体的某次动作或行为；
(2)doing作主语，强调习惯性的行为。常见doing作主语的固定结构有：
It is no good doing… 做…没有好处
It is no use doing…做…没有用
It is a waste of time doing …做…浪费时间
It is worthwhile doing…做…是值得的
2. to do ,doing与done做表语时区别：
(1)to do 作表语，表示主语的具体内容，表将来的动作行为与目的。主语通常是表示“意图、计划、打算等”词汇，如wish, plan, intention, dream, task, …；
(2)doing作主语，表示抽象或经常发生的动作行为，常常表示“职业、身份等”词汇，如job, career, work, duty….；
(3)done作表语，表示“感到…”或”被…”。
三. 非谓语结构中，doing与to do作宾语时异同情况
(1) 意义相同的词有：start, begin, continue
start to do =start doing; begin to do=begin doing; continue to do=continue doing
(2)意义不同的词有：forget, remember, stop, try, regret, mean, can’t help, go on
forget to do 忘记要去做某事；forget doing忘记做过某事
remember to do 记得要去做某事；remember doing记得做过
stop to do 停止做某事；stop doing 停止做某事
try to do 努力做某事；try doing 试着做某事
regret to do 遗憾得去做某事；regret doing 后悔做过某事
mean to do 打算做某事；mean doing 意味着做某事
can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做某事；can’t help doing情不自禁做某事
go on to do 继续去做另一件事；go on doing 继续做之前的事
根据括号内所给的词完成句子
1. Zhang Yugun managed ________ (help) children in poor areas to realize their dream of going to university, so not a single child in his village dropped out of school because of poverty.
2. Listening to his lecture, I fell deeply in love with science and have made up my mind ________(devote) my life to science in the future.
3. “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished.
4. I then made it a point ________ (attend) those meetings and learn all I could.
5. An athlete addicted to ________(climb) rocks built a climbing wall in his living room when he was forced to remain indoors by a COVID-19 lockdown.
6. Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight against air pollution by _________ (record) pollutant levels near the ground.
7. Although he resigned, he still did whatever he could to help the disabled, so he deserved_________.(praise)
8. Bishop says since robots have great difficulty ________ (understand) humor, she feels like it gives her better job safety as a comedy performer.
9. It took unusual determination and courage _________ (bridge) the gap between the middle class and the poor.
10. It is up to you ________ (decide) whether to go shopping or not.
11. The professor is easy________ (approach), and all the young teachers like to ask for advice from him.
to approach
12. There is no doubt that it is vital________(know)some knowledge of first aid as danger lies everywhere and accidents happen from time to time.
13. In April, thousands of holiday-makers remained ________ (stick) abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
14. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are essential in staying________ (connect).
15. You can get (refresh) after applying the cream evenly to the skin of your face and neck.
16. My dream is ________ (become) an outstanding architect after graduation.
17．The purpose of the program is ________ (promote) an open exchange of ideas and information.
18. The plot of the drama was so (absorb) that the girl was attracted by it.
19. The manager told me that my daily task was (clean) the floors of the building.
20. It is no use ___________(try) to play erhu if you are not going to give it your best shot.
阅读理解
A
The recent story on Tik Tok showed how two neighbors found companionship during the lock-down because of the pandemic, thanks to a share the love of the piano.
The story started when Giorgio Lo Porto heard his neighbor playing the piano through their dividing wall. Lo Porto, an Italian living in London, decided to reach out to his neighbor and left a note asking him or her to play My Heart Will Go On. The mystery never agreed, leading Lo Porto to send another note suggesting they play a duet (二重奏) together from the comfort of their own homes. The mystery neighbor started playing the piano at 2: 00 pm, and when he stopped after finishing a part of the song, Lo Porto continued. Over time, the duets between the two complete strangers became a regular weekend appointment.
Weeks later, the pair finally met and it was better than expected. The mystery pianist happened to be a 78-year-old Polish man named Emil, who was living in temporary accommodation until his house was sold. He lost his wife in December due to COVID- 19 and all he had left was the piano. And the reason why he played at 2: 00 pm every weekend was that he and his wife used to do that.
The pair finished a final duet together—Beethoven’ s Moonlight Sonata—before Emil moved out at the end of February.
While this is heartwarming in itself, the story has a heartbreaking ending: On March 14, Lo Porto shared that his old neighbor had passed away in his sleep. He said, “Now he is reunited with his wife.”
While saying goodbye to Emil, Lo Porto wrote, “Dear Emil, I knew very little about you, but you changed my life. You give me back my passion, and we shared that with the world. You will be in my heart. I’ ll keep playing, thinking of how powerful music can be. You said I was your light, but you’ ve been mine, too. Bye, Emil.”
1．What happened after Lo Porto left the second note for Emil
A．They shared their playing skill with each other.
B．They composed a new song based on a classic.
C．They perform the music together through the wall.
D．They reached out to neighbors to cheer them up.
2．Why did Emil play the piano at a special time
A．To advertise his house. B．To comfort strangers.
C．To upload his updates. D．To remember his wife.
3．What is the sad part of the story in the author’ s opinion
A．Emil’ s passing away.
B．Lo Porto’ s departure.
C．Their final performance.
D．The unfamiliarity between them.
4．What does Lo Porto mainly convey at last
A．It is easy to say goodbye.
B．He admired Emil’ s ambition.
C．Music is a universal language.
D．Emil positively influenced him.
B
The next time you have cheese, remember the French scientist Louis Pasteur who discovered that bad milk, and many diseases are caused by bacteria(细菌).
Louis Pasteur is known as the father of microbiology. In his lifetime, he not only proved that bacteria are the cause of diseases, but also discovered the process of vaccination (接种疫苗) which has saved billions of lives.
When Pasteur worked with chickens that were suffering from cholera(霍乱) during his experiments, he accidentally spread cholera to his chickens. Pasteur’s chickens became mildly sick but did not die. This was strange as every chicken that came near cholera earlier had died. He realized soon that the cholera had become weak. By the time he tried again, the chickens he had cured earlier did not get cholera anymore. He realized that a weak cholera helped his chickens develop an antibody against it.
Later, Pasteur went on to try this on cows, pigs and dogs. All his research helped him develop different vaccines. We now know that the process of vaccination introduces a weakened kind of bacteria into our body. Our body reacts by creating antibodies to fight the bacteria. Now, when our body comes across the same bacteria which are much stronger, it can fight them off.
Louis Pasteur received numerous awards for the advancement of biology, chemistry, and medicine. He founded the Pasteur Institute to study diseases. It was the first university to teach microbiology and today there are 32 institutes across 29 countries. For every child vaccinated against a deadly disease, we have Louis Pasteur to thank.
5．What do we know about Louis Pasteur
A．His discoveries weren’t used at his time.
B．He discovered the connection between bacteria and diseases.
C．He was a professor at the Pasteur Institute.
D．His discoveries brought many profits and awards to him.
6．What can we learn from his experiment with chickens
A．Cholera was not a deadly disease then.
B．Pasteur spread cholera to chickens on purpose.
C．All chickens suffered from cholera died at last.
D．The weakened cholera couldn’t kill the living creatures
7．What is the function of the process of vaccination
A．It builds up people’s body.
B．Without it, people will die.
C．It improves people’s ability to avoid diseases.
D．It can kill all the diseases and make the sick bealthy.
8．Why does the author write the passage
A．Because he wants to honour Louis Pasteur and his contribution to the world.
B．Because he wants to show the discoveries of the vaccination.
C．Because be wants to call on children to learn from Louis Pasteur
D．Because he wants to introduce an important invention in microbiology.
二、完形填空
We’ve become part of the Lendaer Group, an eco-village in Denmark. After studying environmental science I was 9 to change my lifestyle. I wanted to live 10 the land and to provide our own food and 11 . We also wanted to live in a community with 12 people around us. It took us 10 years to 13 it.
Now I live in a roundhouse made out of straw (干稻草). It is not what I would call low-cost housing. The cost is your 14 . You have to have great willpower. We had to 15 everything because we had no spare money when we moved here.
I think we’ve done what I 16 to do: grow our own food and provide our own resources. We have hydro (水电) power and solar panels and we feel like we’re not 17 the planet’s resources.
We 18 produce such as eggplants, peas and carrots. We have nut trees and apple trees. We have 9.5 acres of land and keep sheep. I earn about 20,000 a year. Most of my 19 comes from shearing (修剪) our sheep, and using the 20 to run willow-weaving (纺织). If we have spare fruit, we 21 them too. But we reinvest (再投资) most of the money in the 22 , and animal care.
Organic clothes are very 23 but I do choose them. We might spend about 150 a month on eating out as a family. We always try and shop local produce 24 it’s more expensive. We don’t go holiday a lot but when we do we try to travel by train. It takes a long time but for me it’ s about the 25 , not the destination.
Looking back, I’ d argue being organic is 26 for anyone. It costs you next to nothing—just time and 27 If people want to be healthier and 28 for themselves, they can do it.
9．A．allowed B．expected C．inspired D．required
10．A．in connection with B．in exchange for C．in response to D．in honor of
11．A．education B．electricity C．oxygen D．sunshine
12．A．cold-hearted B．white-haired C．similar-minded D．near-sighted
13．A．find B．purchase C．make D．recover
14．A．money B．pleasure C．future D．energy
15．A．borrow B．create C．dismiss D．overlook
16．A．went on B．joined up C．set out D．called in
17．A．searching for B．using up C．researching into D．selling out
18．A．promote B．export C．grow D．buy
19．A．income B．experience C．knowledge D．entertainment
20．A．materials B．equipment C．techniques D．influence
21．A．donate B．throw C．keep D．sell
22．A．books B．garden C．house D．study
23．A．common B．tough C．casual D．expensive
24．A．as if B．even if C．now that D．in case
25．A．comfort B．speed C．transport D．journey
26．A．achievable B．changeable C．impossible D．visible
27．A．effort B．fame C．success D．health
28．A．compete B．defend C．provide D．vote
拓展突破练
1. (2023全国甲卷.阅读理解B篇) The average spend per project will be around 823. Two thirds of people aim____________ (improve) their comfort while at home.
2. （2023全国甲卷.阅读理解D篇）____________ (put) electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at __________ (get) grizzlies away.
3. （2023全国甲卷.阅读理解D篇）Our hope is ____________ (have) a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits.
4. (2023全国甲卷. 七选五)Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests _____________(wait) for things actually makes us happier in the long run.
5. （2023新课标全国II卷.阅读理解B篇）Some students get so _____________ (interest) in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.
6. （2023新课标全国II卷.阅读理解C篇）Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed ____________ (make) the printed page outdated.
7. （2023北京高考.阅读理解B篇）I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally ___________ (shock)—and ___________ (overjoy)—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab.
8. （2023新课标全国I卷.阅读理解C篇）The goal of this book is ____________ (make) the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then ___________(teach) you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
9.（2023新课标全国I卷.七选五）In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way__________ (boost) self-confidence at any time.
10. (2023全国乙卷.阅读理解B篇)___________ (live) in Iowa and ___________(try) to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
第2页，共8页
