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03 非谓语动词作定语、状语以及宾补
积累运用
一. 非谓语动词的时态和语态
形式 时态 主动 被动
动词ing 一般时 doing being done
完成时 having done having been done
不定式 一般时 to do to be done
完成时 to have done to have been done
进行时 to be doing
过去分词 表被动或完成 done
二. 非谓语动词在句中可充当定语、状语以及宾补情况
形式 作定语 作状语 作宾补
doing √ √ √
to do √ √ √
done √ √ √
注意：
1. 现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别.
现在分词作定语，表示”主动或进行”；过去分词作定语，表示“被动或完成”。
The house built 50 years ago will be pulled down soon.
50多年前被建的这个房子将被拆毁。(the house与build构成被动关系)
The workers building the house stopped for a rest.
建造房子的工人们停下来休息休息。（the workers与build构成主动关系）
不定式作定语，表“将来发生的动作”
The house to be built will become an office building soon.
将被建造的这个房子将成为办公楼。（the house与build构成被动关系，又表示将来的动作）
2. 现在分词、过去分词和不定式作状语的区别
现在分词作状语，表示”主动或进行”；过去分词作状语，表示“被动或完成”；不定式作状语，表示目的。
Seen from space, the earth looks blue. =When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.
当从太空看时，地球是蓝色的。(see与the earth构成被动关系，作时间状语)
Seeing the earth from space, we will find it blue. =When we see the earth from space, we’ll find it blue.
当从太空看地球时，我们发现它是蓝色的。（see与we构成主动关系，作时间状语）
He stayed in the lab, devoting himself to doing research. = He stayed in the lab, and devoted himself to doing research. 他待在实验室里，专注于做研究。(he与devote oneself to构成主动关系，作伴随状语)
He stayed in the lab, devoted to doing research. = He stayed in the lab, and was devoted to doing research.
他待在实验室里，专注于做研究。(he与be devoted to构成被动关系，作伴随状语)
To devote himself to doing research, he stayed in the lab day and night.
为了专注于做研究，他夜以继日得在实验室里待着。（不定式to devote oneself to doing research作状语，表示“目的”）
3. 现在分词、过去分词和不定式作宾补的区别
（1）”感官动词”+宾语+宾补
I heard him knocking at the door.
我听见他一直敲门。(宾语him与knock构成主动关系，表示持续不断的动作)
I heard him criticized by his boss.
我听见被老板批评。（宾语him与criticize构成被动关系）
I heard him close the door and go away.
我听见他关门走了。（宾语him与省略to的不定式close the door, go away构成主动关系，表示一个过程的结束）
感官动词包括see, hear, watch, observe, notice等
（2）“使役动词”+宾语+宾补
I had the partner post the letter.
我让我的搭档邮寄这封信。（宾语the partner与宾补post构成主动关系）
I had the letter posted by the partner.
我让我的搭档邮寄这封信。（宾语the letter与post构成被动关系）
I had the water running, causing waste.
我让水一直流淌着。（宾语the water与run构成主动关系，且表示持续不断的动作）
使役动词包括have, get, make, keep, leave等
（3）with +宾语+宾补
With Teachers’ Day approaching, the classmates expressed their thanks and wishes to the teachers.
随着教师节的来临，同学们纷纷表达对老师的感谢和祝福。（Teachers’ Day与approach构成主动关系，作时间状语）
I sat in the room for several minutes, with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.
我坐在屋子里几分钟，眼睛盯着天花板。(my eyes与fix on构成被动关系，作伴随状语)
With a lot of work to do, he refused the invitation to the party.
有很多工作要做，他拒绝了去晚会的邀请。（a lot of work与do构成被动关系，但表示“将要”，所以用不定式，作原因状语）
根据括号内所给的词完成句子
1. ____________ (occupy) himself in translating books all the time, he has no time to go camping with his family.
【答案】Occupying
【详解】考查现在分词作原因状语。句意为“因为他一直忙于翻译书籍，他没有时间和家人去露营。句子主语he和occupy之间是主动关系，是现在分词作原因状语。故答案为Occupying himself in translating books all the time, he has no time to go camping with his family。
2. ___________ (face) with a lot of problems, the manager was having a hard time.
【答案】Faced
【详解】考查非谓语动词作原因状语。句意：经理的日子很不好过，因为他面临着很多问题。be faced with表示”面对“ ，与句子的主语the manager构成被动关系，所以用过去分词短语faced with a lot of problems作状语，位于句首的单词首字母大写，所以填Faced。
3. The experts _____________ (invite) to the meeting soon are professors from both home and abroad.
【答案】to be invited
【详解】考查不定式的被动态作定语，表示将要发生的动作。句意：不久要应邀参加会议的专家是来自国内外的教授。作experts的后置定语，是将来被邀请，因此用不定式的被动语态to be invited作experts的后置定语，所以填to be invited。
4. Many of the students ____________ (hope) to enter the university will be disappointed because only one third of them will be accepted.
【答案】hoping
【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：许多希望进入大学的学生都会失望，因为他们中只有三分之一会被录取。动词hope和students之间是主动关系，故可用其现在分词作后置定语。所以填hoping。
5. The conclusions ______________ (present) in that book state that most of the automobiles have some defects.
【答案】presented
【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：在那本书中提出的结论表明，大多数汽车都有一些缺陷。根据提示可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语。动词present意为“展示”，和主语conclusions构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。所以填presented。
6. _____________(convince) that Li Hua has the ability to do the job，I am writing to recommend him to you.
【答案】Convinced
【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：因为我相信李华有能力做这项工作，所以我写信向您推荐他。根据提示用非谓语动词作状语， convince与句子的主语I是被动关系，be convinced表示“相信”，故用过去分词作状语，后接that引导的宾语从句，所以填convinced。
7. ______________ (suffer) from cancer for many years, the sufferer decided to give up smoking.
【答案】Having suffered
【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：他患癌症已有多年了。病人决定戒烟。根据题干要求，原句中的主语是he和the sufferer为同一个人，同时suffer的动作发生于decide的动作之前，he和suffer之间是主动关系，故应该使用现在分词完成式的结构作状语。同时设空处置于句首，首字母单词应该大写，所以填Having suffered。
8. I suppose I can get a good mark which will enable me ________(enter) my ideal college.
【答案】to enter
【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：我想我能取得一个好成绩，这将使我能够进入理想的大学。
enable sb. to do 为固定搭配，意为 “使某人做某事”，空格处应该用动词不定式作宾语补足语。所以填 to enter。
9. The question kept me ___________ (consider) my future career for the rest of the night.
【答案】considering
【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：这个问题让我整晚都在思考我未来的职业规划。keep sb. doing sth.表示“使某人一直做某事”使固定句型，且和宾语me构成主动关系，所以填considering。
10. When she looked around, she noticed a man ________ (put) his hand into a passenger’s pocket. She rushed to stop it in time.
【答案】putting
【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：当她环顾四周时，她注意到一个男人正把手伸进一个乘客的口袋里。她冲过去及时制止了他。句中notice为感官动词，notice +宾语+宾补，此处宾语a man与宾补put表示主动关系且进行着，所以用现在分词作宾补，所以填putting。
11. The boy was caught _______________ (cheat) in the examination last week.
【答案】cheating
【详解】考查非谓语动词作补语。句意：这个男孩上周考试作弊被抓住了。因为catch sb. doing为固定结构，表示“抓住某人正在做某事”，此处sb.作主语，表示被动态， sb.+be caught +doing,表示“某人被抓住正在做某事”，所以用现在分词cheating作补语，所以填cheating。
12. After the ambulance arrived, they instantly had the injured ___________ (send) to the hospital.
【答案】sent
【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：救护车到达后，他们立即把伤员送往医院。此处have+宾语+宾补，当宾语与宾补成被动关系时，用过去分词。此句中的宾语the injured与send构成被动关系，表示“伤员被送到医院”，所以填sent。
13. With more importance ________ (attach) to traditional culture these years, hanfu has become increasingly popular.
【答案】attached
【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：近年来，随着人们对传统文化的重视，汉服越来越受欢迎。with+宾语+宾补，with的复合结构中，宾语为more importance，短语attach importance to 表示“认为…重要”，attach与more importance构成动宾关系。在with的复合结构中，宾语为more importance，与attach成被动关系，所以填attached。
14．The foreigner tried to make himself ___________(understand), but failed.
【答案】understood
【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：那个外国人试图别人听懂他的话，但没有成功。句中make结构为make+宾语+宾补，宾补形式可以是省略to的不定式，或者过去分词done。句中宾语himself,与宾补understand为被动关系，所以填understood。
15. With all the problems_________(solve), they went home happily.
【答案】solved
【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：所有问题都解决了，他们高高兴兴地回家了。此处考查with的复合结构，with+宾语+宾补，句中的宾语all the problems,与宾补solve，构成被动关系且动作已完成，所以填solved。
16. _____________(locate) in the south of the city, the museum covers an area of 2.000 square metres.
【答案】located
【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：博物馆位于城市的南部。这个博物馆占地面积2000平方米。locate的含义为“定位”，句子的主语为the museum，与locate构成被动关系，the museum is located…表示“博物馆位于……”，所以填Located。
17. ______________ (determine) to improve his English, he spared no effort to practice speaking English.
【答案】Determined
【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：决定提升英语，所以他不遗余力地练习说英语。下定决心做某事be determined to do, 句子的主语he，与determine构成被动关系，所以填Determined。
18. _______________(compare) with Professor Young, I still have a long way to go.
【答案】Compared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果把我和杨教授相比，我还有很长的路要走。compare的结构为compare A with B, compare为及物动词，句子的主语为I, 此处I 与compare成被动关系，所以填Compared。
19. All foreigners ____________ (live) in this country have been asked to register with the police.
【答案】living
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：所有已经在这个国家居住的外国人都被要求向警方登记。live in this country修饰all foreigners，和逻辑主语foreigners之间是主动关系，用现在分词，作后置定语，所以填living。
20.____________(bury) in the book, I didn’t notice him come in.
【答案】Buried
【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：我埋头看书，所以没注意到他。bury用法为be buried in…，句子的主语I与bury构成被动关系，所以填Buried。
一、阅读理解
A
A young Jewish girl begins a diary just as World War II is about to break out in Europe. She records the details of her daily life. Eventually, the diary comes to a heartbreaking end with the girl shot to death by the Nazis. However, it’s not the story of Anne Frank. This is Renia’s Diary, a journal that spent decades stored away in a safe box. Now it’s coming off the press with the help of Renia’s niece and sister.
For a long time, Elizabeth Bellak didn’t even know that her older sister Renia had kept a diary as a teenager in Poland. She was totally stunned that one day in her 50s, someone brought the diary to her. She began to read, but couldn’t get very far —the task proved too painful. Therefore, she just put it in the basement and didn’t think about it.
Alexandra Renia Bellak, Elizabeth’s daughter, who was named after her aunt, grew up knowing about the locked diary. As getting older, she became more interested in it. “If I could read this diary, maybe I’ll unearth (揭露) some things from the past,” she thought.
Finally, Alexandra got the diary from its hiding place. She turned shocked after reading the first few pages. “It’s the description of a wonderful, intelligent girl who showed great courage in dire circumstances. My aunt’s world comes to life as the diary shifts between the daily concerns of a teenage girl and the war.”
Elizabeth and Alexandra are thrilled that Renia’s diary has been published. “It is a story that needs to be heard now more than ever. We should never repeat the same types of racism (种族主义) and prejudice and hate that lead to active violence,” Alexandra says.
1．Why was Renia’s Diary unknown to the world for so many years
A．Alexandra was too afraid to read it.
B．It was lost in the war and no one found it.
C．The story is not as famous as Anne Frank’s.
D．Elizabeth was emotionally stricken and hid the diary.
2．What does the underlined word “dire” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Certain. B．Serious. C．Mysterious. D．Crucial.
3．Why was Alexandra so interested in Renia’s Diary
A．She was quite interested in World War II.
B．She wanted to comfort her sorrowful mother.
C．She wondered what had happened to her aunt.
D．She planned to publish her aunt’s dairy in the future.
4．What’s the best title of the passage
A．Renia’s Diary coming off the press. B．Renia’s miserable life and her diary.
C．A girl fighting against the racism and hate. D．The story of a Jewish family in World War II.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述二战时期一个女孩的日记，日记记载了女孩生活的细节，这本日记在这个女孩妹妹和外甥女的帮助下将会被出版，为大家所周知。
1．细节理解题。 根据第二段“She began to read, but couldn’t get very far —the task proved too painful. Therefore, she just put it in the basement and didn’t think about it.(她开始读，但读不了多远——事实证明这项任务太痛苦了。因此，她只是把它放在地下室，没有考虑它。)”可知，Renia的日记这么多年来不为世人所知是因为伊丽莎白情绪激动，把日记藏了起来。故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据第一段“A young Jewish girl begins a diary just as World War II is about to break out in Europe. She records the details of her daily life. Eventually, the diary comes to a heartbreaking end with the girl shot to death by the Nazis.(就在第二次世界大战即将在欧洲爆发之际，一个年轻的犹太女孩开始写日记。她记录下她日常生活的细节。最终，日记以一个令人心碎的结局告终，女孩被纳粹枪杀。)”和倒数第二段“It’s the description of a wonderful, intelligent girl who showed great courage(这是对一个出色的、聪明的、表现出巨大勇气的女孩的描述)”可知，日记里描述的是战争时候的情况，女孩最终被纳粹杀了，可见当时的情况是很严重的，划线词dire的意思是“严重的”，和serious意思相近，故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“As getting older, she became more interested in it. “If I could read this diary, maybe I’ll unearth (揭露) some things from the past,” she thought.(随着年龄的增长，她对它越来越感兴趣。“如果我能读到这本日记，也许我能发现一些过去的事情，”她想。)”可知，Alexandra对Renia的日记如此感兴趣是因为她想知道发生在她姨妈身上的事情，故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“This is Renia’s Diary, a journal that spent decades stored away in a safe box. Now it’s coming off the press with the help of Renia’s niece and sister.(这是Renia的日记，一本在保险箱里保存了几十年的日记。现在，在Renia的外甥女和妹妹的帮助下，这本书即将出版。)”可知，本文主要讲的是二战时期一个女孩的日记，日记记载了女孩生活的细节，这本日记在这个女孩妹妹和外甥女的帮助下将会被出版，为大家所周知，因此最好的标题是A选项“Renia’s Diary coming off the press.(Renia的日记即将出版。)”。故选A。
B
The year 2114 will be an eventful one for art. In May of that year in Berlin, the philosopher-artist Jonathon Keats’ “century cameras” — cameras with a 100-year-long exposure (曝光) time — will be brought back from hiding places around the city to have their results developed and exhibited. Six months after that, the Future Library in Oslo, Norway, will start to welcome its guests, presenting 100 books printed on the wood of trees planted in the distant past of 2014. As Katie Paterson, the creator of the Future Library, puts it: “Future Library is an artwork for future generations.”
These projects, more than a century in the making, are part of a new wave of “slow art” intended to push viewers and participants to think beyond their own lifetimes. They aim to challenge today’s short-term thinking and the brief attention spans of modern consumers, forcing people into considering works more deliberately. In their way, too, they are fighting against modern culture — not just regarding money, but also the way in which artistic worth is measured by attention.
In a similar fashion, every April on Slow Art Day, visitors are encouraged to stare at five works of art for 10 minutes at a time — a tough task for the average museum visitor, who typically spends less than 30 seconds on each piece of art.
Like the Future Library, the century cameras are very much a project for cities, since it’s in cities that time runs fastest and the pace of life is fastest. “Since I started living in a city, I’ve somehow been quite disconnected,” Anne Beate Hovind, the Future Library project manager, who described how working on the library drew her back to the pace of life she knew when she was growing up on a farm in her youth, told The Atlantic magazine.
5．According to the first paragraph, what will happen in 2114
A．The wood of trees planted in 2014 will be made into books.
B．The Future Library will be open to the public for the first time.
C．A camera which was produced 100 years ago will be exhibited.
D．A book about photos with a 100-year exposure time will come out.
6．What can we learn about today’s people when they admire works of art
A．They ignore works of modern culture deliberately. B．They spend only a little time in admiring artworks.
C．They seldom pay attention to the price of artworks. D．They focus too much on artistic worth of artworks.
7．What is the purpose of the wave of slow art
A．To preserve works of art for a longer time.
B．To promote works of art for modern culture.
C．To advocate creating works of art more slowly.
D．To encourage people to consider works of art more deliberately.
8．How does Anne Beate Hovind feel about the city life
A．Convenient. B．Competitive. C．Efficient. D．Busy.
【答案】5．B 6．B 7．D 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过列举2114年的一些艺术活动，介绍旨在于鼓励人们更多地关注艺术作品的慢速艺术。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“The year 2114 will be an eventful one for art. In May of that year in Berlin, the philosopher-artist Jonathon Keats’ “century cameras”— cameras with a 100-year-long exposure(曝光) time— will be brought back from hiding places around the city to have their results developed and exhibited. Six months after that, the Future Library in Oslo, Norway, will start to welcome its guests, presenting 100 books printed on the wood of trees planted in the distant past of 2014. (2114年对艺术来说将是不平凡的一年。同年5月，在柏林，哲学家兼艺术家Jonathon Keats的‘世纪相机’—— 曝光时间长达100年的相机——将从城市的各个隐蔽之处被带回来，进行拍摄和展出。六个月后，挪威奥斯陆的未来图书馆将开始欢迎它的客人，展示100本印在遥远的2014年种植的树木上的书。)”可知，曝光时间为100年的照片将被冲洗出来并展出，未来图书馆将首次向公众开放，并将展出用2014年种植的树木的木材印刷的书籍。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“They aim to challenge today’s short-term thinking and the brief attention spans of modern consumers, forcing people into considering works more deliberately. In their way, too, they are fighting against modern culture — not just regarding money, but also the way in which artistic worth is measured by attention.(他们的目标是挑战当今的短期思维和现代消费者的短暂注意力，迫使人们更慎重地考虑作品。他们也在用自己的方式与现代文化作斗争——不仅仅是在金钱方面，还包括用关注来衡量艺术价值的方式。)”可知，“慢艺术”挑战当今的短期思维和现代消费者的短暂注意力，让人们更慎重地考虑作品，与现代文化中的金钱与衡量艺术价值的方式作斗争；结合第三段中“In a similar fashion, every April on Slow Art Day, visitors are encouraged to stare at five works of art for 10 minutes at a time — a tough task for the average museum visitor, who typically spends less than 30 seconds on each piece of art.(每年4月的慢艺术日也以类似的方式，鼓励参观者一次花10分钟时间盯着5件艺术品看——这对一般的博物馆参观者来说是一项艰巨的任务，他们通常在每件艺术品上花不到30秒的时间。)”可推知，现代人在欣赏艺术时花费的时间很少。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据第二段中“These projects, more than a century in the making, are part of a new wave of “slow art” intended to push viewers and participants to think beyond their own lifetimes. They aim to challenge today’s short-term thinking and the brief attention spans of modern consumers, forcing people into considering works more deliberately. (这些项目历时一个多世纪，是新一波‘慢艺术’的一部分，旨在推动观众和参与者超越自己的一生进行思考。他们的目标是挑战当今的短期思维和现代消费者的短暂注意力，迫使人们更慎重地考虑作品。)”可知，慢艺术旨在挑战现代消费者的短期思维和短暂的注意力，迫使人们更慎重地考虑作品，鼓励人们更多地关注艺术作品。故选D。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Like the Future Library, the century cameras are very much a project for cities, since it’s in cities that time runs fastest and the pace of life is fastest. “Since I started living in a city, I’ve somehow been quite disconnected,” Anne Beate Hovind, the Future Library project manager, who described how working on the library drew her back to the pace of life she knew when she was growing up on a farm in her youth, told The Atlantic magazine.(就像未来图书馆一样，世纪相机在很大程度上是一个城市项目，因为在城市里，时间流逝得最快，生活节奏也最快。‘自从我开始住在城市里，我就有点与世隔绝了，’未来图书馆项目经理Anne Beate Hovind在接受《大西洋月刊》杂志采访时描述了图书馆的工作是如何把她拉回到她年轻时在农场长大时所熟悉的生活节奏。)”可知，Anne Beate Hovind认为在城市里时间流逝得最快，生活节奏也最快；由此可知，Anne Beate Hovind认为城市生活是忙碌的。故选D。
二、完形填空
Two girls living next door to each other have two very different life stories.
Chi Zhen, an 18-year-old preparatory (预科的) student in Seville, Spain, used his 9 to tell the stary of two lives. From the 10 on me photos, we could learn that they had inspired many people to 11 that the future is in their own hands.
He took a series of 12 of his friends Veronica and Anna Maria. They live completely 13 life styles and are getting opposite results.
In the photos. Anna Maria. a Spanish girl, can be seen 14 a TV drama. “She spends most of her 15 in front of her laptop,” says Chi. Anna Maria rarely goes out 16 she thinks she’s not attractive and doesn’t know 17 to say in social situations. She blames fate (命运). “I’m not as lucky as Veronica,” she often says.
But Veronica, the “lucky’ girl next door, has 18 herself four foreign languages and travelled to many places. She goes to the 19 frequently, so her extensive knowledge and experience allow her to take part in any conversation and become the center of 20 .
Looking at Veronica, it’s 21 that she’s taking control of her fate. In order to 22 with Chi Zhep better, she’s studying Chinese. Her experience has 23 Chi Zhen to mix with students from all countries, and he’s getting good results. “Although l learned about so many different ideas and 24 , I still need some time to get used to them,” he says.
The 25 of the photos has gone far beyond what Chi expected. One of the 26 commented on his photos on renren. com, saying: “A wall separates two worlds, and the life we have 27 what we do. I’d rather 28 my fate now than complain about everything later.”
9．A．hand B．camera C．book D．article
10．A．abilities B．experiences C．memories D．comments
11．A．believe B．change C．struggle D．compare
12．A．loves B．relationships C．photos D．emotions.
13．A．same B．different C．interesting D．healthy
14．A．watching B．sharing C．copying D．imitating
15．A．energy B．money C．food D．time
16．A．when B．while C．because D．how
17．A．what B．why C．which D．when
18．A．mastered B．managed C．taught D．enjoyed
19．A．meeting room B．library C．laboratory D．classroom
20．A．encouragement B．inspiration C．attention D．amusement
21．A．obvious B．unlucky C．important D．impossible
22．A．argue B．improve C．touch D．communicate
23．A．made B．encouraged C．ordered D．suggested
24．A．dreams B．interests C．attention D．situations
25．A．price B．thought C．explanation D．influence
26．A．users B．doctors C．travellers D．drivers
27．A．takes on B．puts on C．depends on D．keeps on
28．A．waste B．question C．stand D．grasp
【答案】
9．B 10．D 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D 16．C 17．A 18．C 19．B 20．C 21．A 22．D 23．B 24．D 25．D 26．A 27．C 28．D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。两个女孩是邻居，但命运迥异，从中告诉人们一个道理：未来掌握在自己手中，有什么样的行动就有什么样的生活。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：18岁的迟震是西班牙塞维利亚的一名预科生，他用相机讲述了两个人的生活。A. hand手；B. camera相机；C. book书籍；D. article文章。根据后文“on me photos”可知，他用相机讲述了两个人的生活。故选B。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从对我照片的评论中，我们可以了解到，他们激励了许多人，让他们相信未来掌握在自己手中。A. abilities能力；B. experiences经历；C. memories记忆；D. comments评论。根据后文“they had inspired many people to 3 that the future is in their own hands.”可知，指从照片的评论中了解到了照片激励了许多人。故选D。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从对我照片的评论中，我们可以了解到，他们激励了许多人，让他们相信未来掌握在自己手中。A. believe相信；B. change改变；C. struggle努力；D. compare比较。根据后文“that the future is in their own hands”可知，“未来掌握在自己手中”是很多所相信。故选A。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他给他的朋友维罗妮卡和安娜·玛丽亚拍了一组照片。A. loves爱；B. relationships关系；C. photos照片；D. emotions情绪。根据后文“In the photos”可知，他给他的朋友维罗妮卡和安娜·玛丽亚拍了一组照片。故选C。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们过着完全不同的生活方式，得到了相反的结果。A. same同样的；B. different不同的；C. interesting有趣的；D. healthy健康的。根据后文可知Anna Maria不爱社交，很少出门，而Veronica自学了四门外语，还去过很多地方，即不同的生活方式。故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这些照片中，可以看到安娜·玛丽亚，一个西班牙女孩，正在看电视剧。A. watching观看；B. sharing分享；C. copying复制；D. imitating模仿。根据后文“a TV drama”指看电视剧，应用动词watch。故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“她大部分时间都坐在笔记本电脑前，”迟说。A. energy能量；B. money金钱；C. food食物；D. time时间。根据后文“Anna Maria rarely goes out”可知，很少出门，大部分时间都坐在笔记本电脑前，故选D。
16．考查连词词义辨析。句意：安娜·玛丽亚很少出门，因为她认为自己没有吸引力，不知道在社交场合该说什么。A. when何时；B. while当……时候；C. because因为；D. how如何。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故选C。
17．考查连词词义辨析。句意：安娜·玛丽亚很少出门，因为她认为自己没有吸引力，不知道在社交场合该说什么。A. what什么；B. why为什么；C. which哪一个；D. when何时。根据后文“to say in social situations”指不知道在社交场合该说什么，应用what。故选A。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是隔壁的“幸运”女孩维罗妮卡自学了四门外语，还去过很多地方。A. mastered掌握；B. managed设法；C. taught教学；D. enjoyed欣赏。根据后文“herself four foreign languages”指她自学了四门外语，短语teach oneself表示“自学”。故选C。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她经常去图书馆，所以她丰富的知识和经验使她能够参加任何谈话，成为人们关注的中心。A. meeting room会议室；B. library图书馆；C. laboratory实验室；D. classroom教室。根据后文“so her extensive knowledge”可知，知识丰富说明经常去图书馆。故选B。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她经常去图书馆，所以她丰富的知识和经验使她能够参加任何谈话，成为人们关注的中心。A. encouragement鼓励；B. inspiration鼓舞；C. attention注意力，关注；D. amusement娱乐。根据上文“allow her to take part in any conversation and become the center of”可知，她丰富的知识和经验使她能够参加任何谈话，成为人们关注的中心。故选C。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看看维罗妮卡，很明显她正在掌控自己的命运。A. obvious显然的；B. unlucky不幸运的；C. important重要的；D. impossible不可能的。根据后文“she’s taking control of her fate”可知，维罗妮卡显然正在掌控自己的命运。故选A。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了和迟震更好的交流，她正在学习中文。A. argue争论；B. improve改善；C. touch触动；D. communicate交流。根据后文“with Chi Zhep better, she’s studying Chinese”可知，学习中文是为了更好交流。故选D。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的经历鼓励迟震与来自世界各国的学生交往，他取得了不错的成绩。A. made制作；B. encouraged鼓励；C. ordered命令；D. suggested建议。根据后文“Chi Zhen to mix with students from all countries, and he’s getting good results”可知，她的经历鼓励迟震与来自世界各国的学生交往，他取得了不错的成绩。故选B。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“虽然我了解了很多不同的想法和情况，但我仍然需要一些时间来适应它们，”他说。A. dreams梦想；B. interests兴趣；C. attention注意力；D. situations情况。上文提到迟震与来自世界各国的学生交往，所以是了解了很多不同的想法和情况，故选D。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些照片的影响远远超出了迟的预期。A. price价格；B. thought想法；C. explanation解释；D. influence影响。根据后文“of the photos has gone far beyond what Chi expected”以及网友的评论可知，这些照片的影响远远超出了迟的预期。故选D。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一名用户在人人网上评论了他的照片，他说：“一堵墙隔开了两个世界，我们的生活取决于我们的所作所为。”A. users用户；B. doctors医生；C. travellers旅行者；D. drivers司机。根据后文“commented on his photos on renren.com, saying”可知是人人网上的用户评论他的照片。故选A。
27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：其中一名用户在人人网上评论了他的照片，他说：“一堵墙隔开了两个世界，我们的生活取决于我们的所作所为。”A. takes on承担；B. puts on穿上；C. depends on依靠；D. keeps on继续。根据上文“A wall separates two worlds, and the life we have”以及上文提到的两个女孩的不同生活方式，可知我们的生活取决于我们的所作所为。故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我宁愿现在把握自己的命运，也不愿以后抱怨一切。A. waste浪费；B. question质疑；C. stand站立；D. grasp抓住。根据后文“my fate now than complain about everything later”不愿以后抱怨，所以现在要把握命运，故选D。
拓展突破练
1. （2023全国甲卷 . 阅读理解A篇）The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine ____________ (combine) with modern cooking methods.
【答案】combined
【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：在这所漂亮的殖民时期的房子里的菜单中包括着与现代烹饪方法相结合的泰国菜肴。Thai cuisine为被修饰词，与combine成被动关系，combine用法为combine A with B, 所以此处应该用过去分词作定语，所以填combined。
2. (2023全国甲卷 . 语法填空)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ____________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【答案】borrowing
【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。
句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，所以填borrowing。
3. (2023全国甲卷 . 语法填空) Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ____________ (intend) for everyone.
【答案】intended
【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式，所以填intended。
4.（2023全国乙卷 . 语法填空） From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ___________ (build) system of ring roads.
【答案】built
【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里build为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词，所以填built。
5. （2023全国乙卷 . 语法填空）_____________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【答案】Having visited
【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。所以填Having visited。
6. (2023新课标全国II 卷 . 语法填空)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
【答案】visiting
【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，visit与Chinese zookeepers成主动关系作定语。所以填visiting。
7. (2023北京卷.语法填空) She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world ____________(face) “too little water or too dirty water”.
【答案】facing
【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，所以填facing。
8. (2023新课标全国I卷. 语法填空) Shanghai may be the ______________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace.
【答案】recognized
【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，所以填recognized。
9. (2023新课标全国I卷. 语法填空) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【答案】to be lifted
【详解】非谓语动词作宾补。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted，所以填to be lifted。
10. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____________ (want) more next time.
【答案】wanting
【详解】考查非谓语动词作主语补足语。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。
答案第2页，共16页限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气：
03 非谓语动词作定语、状语以及宾补
积累运用
一. 非谓语动词的时态和语态
形式 时态 主动 被动
动词ing 一般时 doing being done
完成时 having done having been done
不定式 一般时 to do to be done
完成时 to have done to have been done
进行时 to be doing
过去分词 表被动或完成 done
二. 非谓语动词在句中可充当定语、状语以及宾补情况
形式 作定语 作状语 作宾补
doing √ √ √
to do √ √ √
done √ √ √
注意：
1. 现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别.
现在分词作定语，表示”主动或进行”；过去分词作定语，表示“被动或完成”。
The house built 50 years ago will be pulled down soon.
50多年前被建的这个房子将被拆毁。(the house与build构成被动关系)
The workers building the house stopped for a rest.
建造房子的工人们停下来休息休息。（the workers与build构成主动关系）
不定式作定语，表“将来发生的动作”
The house to be built will become an office building soon.
将被建造的这个房子将成为办公楼。（the house与build构成被动关系，又表示将来的动作）
2. 现在分词、过去分词和不定式作状语的区别
现在分词作状语，表示”主动或进行”；过去分词作状语，表示“被动或完成”；不定式作状语，表示目的。
Seen from space, the earth looks blue. =When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.
当从太空看时，地球是蓝色的。(see与the earth构成被动关系，作时间状语)
Seeing the earth from space, we will find it blue. =When we see the earth from space, we’ll find it blue.
当从太空看地球时，我们发现它是蓝色的。（see与we构成主动关系，作时间状语）
He stayed in the lab, devoting himself to doing research. = He stayed in the lab, and devoted himself to doing research. 他待在实验室里，专注于做研究。(he与devote oneself to构成主动关系，作伴随状语)
He stayed in the lab, devoted to doing research. = He stayed in the lab, and was devoted to doing research.
他待在实验室里，专注于做研究。(he与be devoted to构成被动关系，作伴随状语)
To devote himself to doing research, he stayed in the lab day and night.
为了专注于做研究，他夜以继日得在实验室里待着。（不定式to devote oneself to doing research作状语，表示“目的”）
3. 现在分词、过去分词和不定式作宾补的区别
（1）”感官动词”+宾语+宾补
I heard him knocking at the door.
我听见他一直敲门。(宾语him与knock构成主动关系，表示持续不断的动作)
I heard him criticized by his boss.
我听见被老板批评。（宾语him与criticize构成被动关系）
I heard him close the door and go away.
我听见他关门走了。（宾语him与省略to的不定式close the door, go away构成主动关系，表示一个过程的结束）
感官动词包括see, hear, watch, observe, notice等
（2）“使役动词”+宾语+宾补
I had the partner post the letter.
我让我的搭档邮寄这封信。（宾语the partner与宾补post构成主动关系）
I had the letter posted by the partner.
我让我的搭档邮寄这封信。（宾语the letter与post构成被动关系）
I had the water running, causing waste.
我让水一直流淌着。（宾语the water与run构成主动关系，且表示持续不断的动作）
使役动词包括have, get, make, keep, leave等
（3）with +宾语+宾补
With Teachers’ Day approaching, the classmates expressed their thanks and wishes to the teachers.
随着教师节的来临，同学们纷纷表达对老师的感谢和祝福。（Teachers’ Day与approach构成主动关系，作时间状语）
I sat in the room for several minutes, with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.
我坐在屋子里几分钟，眼睛盯着天花板。(my eyes与fix on构成被动关系，作伴随状语)
With a lot of work to do, he refused the invitation to the party.
有很多工作要做，他拒绝了去晚会的邀请。（a lot of work与do构成被动关系，但表示“将要”，所以用不定式，作原因状语）
根据括号内所给的词完成句子
1. ____________ (occupy) himself in translating books all the time, he has no time to go camping with his family.
2. ___________ (face) with a lot of problems, the manager was having a hard time.
3. The experts _____________ (invite) to the meeting soon are professors from both home and abroad.
4. Many of the students ____________ (hope) to enter the university will be disappointed because only one third of them will be accepted.
5. The conclusions ______________ (present) in that book state that most of the automobiles have some defects.
6. _____________(convince) that Li Hua has the ability to do the job，I am writing to recommend him to you.
7. ______________ (suffer) from cancer for many years, the sufferer decided to give up smoking.
8. I suppose I can get a good mark which will enable me ________(enter) my ideal college.
9. The question kept me ___________ (consider) my future career for the rest of the night.
10. When she looked around, she noticed a man ________ (put) his hand into a passenger’s pocket. She rushed to stop it in time.
11. The boy was caught _______________ (cheat) in the examination last week.
12. After the ambulance arrived, they instantly had the injured ___________ (send) to the hospital.
13. With more importance ________ (attach) to traditional culture these years, hanfu has become increasingly popular.
14．The foreigner tried to make himself ___________(understand), but failed.
15. With all the problems_________(solve), they went home happily.
16. _____________(locate) in the south of the city, the museum covers an area of 2.000 square metres.
17. ______________ (determine) to improve his English, he spared no effort to practice speaking English.
18. _______________(compare) with Professor Young, I still have a long way to go.
19. All foreigners ____________ (live) in this country have been asked to register with the police.
20.____________(bury) in the book, I didn’t notice him come in.
一、阅读理解
A
A young Jewish girl begins a diary just as World War II is about to break out in Europe. She records the details of her daily life. Eventually, the diary comes to a heartbreaking end with the girl shot to death by the Nazis. However, it’s not the story of Anne Frank. This is Renia’s Diary, a journal that spent decades stored away in a safe box. Now it’s coming off the press with the help of Renia’s niece and sister.
For a long time, Elizabeth Bellak didn’t even know that her older sister Renia had kept a diary as a teenager in Poland. She was totally stunned that one day in her 50s, someone brought the diary to her. She began to read, but couldn’t get very far —the task proved too painful. Therefore, she just put it in the basement and didn’t think about it.
Alexandra Renia Bellak, Elizabeth’s daughter, who was named after her aunt, grew up knowing about the locked diary. As getting older, she became more interested in it. “If I could read this diary, maybe I’ll unearth (揭露) some things from the past,” she thought.
Finally, Alexandra got the diary from its hiding place. She turned shocked after reading the first few pages. “It’s the description of a wonderful, intelligent girl who showed great courage in dire circumstances. My aunt’s world comes to life as the diary shifts between the daily concerns of a teenage girl and the war.”
Elizabeth and Alexandra are thrilled that Renia’s diary has been published. “It is a story that needs to be heard now more than ever. We should never repeat the same types of racism (种族主义) and prejudice and hate that lead to active violence,” Alexandra says.
1．Why was Renia’s Diary unknown to the world for so many years
A．Alexandra was too afraid to read it.
B．It was lost in the war and no one found it.
C．The story is not as famous as Anne Frank’s.
D．Elizabeth was emotionally stricken and hid the diary.
2．What does the underlined word “dire” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Certain. B．Serious. C．Mysterious. D．Crucial.
3．Why was Alexandra so interested in Renia’s Diary
A．She was quite interested in World War II.
B．She wanted to comfort her sorrowful mother.
C．She wondered what had happened to her aunt.
D．She planned to publish her aunt’s dairy in the future.
4．What’s the best title of the passage
A．Renia’s Diary coming off the press. B．Renia’s miserable life and her diary.
C．A girl fighting against the racism and hate. D．The story of a Jewish family in World War II.
B
The year 2114 will be an eventful one for art. In May of that year in Berlin, the philosopher-artist Jonathon Keats’ “century cameras” — cameras with a 100-year-long exposure (曝光) time — will be brought back from hiding places around the city to have their results developed and exhibited. Six months after that, the Future Library in Oslo, Norway, will start to welcome its guests, presenting 100 books printed on the wood of trees planted in the distant past of 2014. As Katie Paterson, the creator of the Future Library, puts it: “Future Library is an artwork for future generations.”
These projects, more than a century in the making, are part of a new wave of “slow art” intended to push viewers and participants to think beyond their own lifetimes. They aim to challenge today’s short-term thinking and the brief attention spans of modern consumers, forcing people into considering works more deliberately. In their way, too, they are fighting against modern culture — not just regarding money, but also the way in which artistic worth is measured by attention.
In a similar fashion, every April on Slow Art Day, visitors are encouraged to stare at five works of art for 10 minutes at a time — a tough task for the average museum visitor, who typically spends less than 30 seconds on each piece of art.
Like the Future Library, the century cameras are very much a project for cities, since it’s in cities that time runs fastest and the pace of life is fastest. “Since I started living in a city, I’ve somehow been quite disconnected,” Anne Beate Hovind, the Future Library project manager, who described how working on the library drew her back to the pace of life she knew when she was growing up on a farm in her youth, told The Atlantic magazine.
5．According to the first paragraph, what will happen in 2114
A．The wood of trees planted in 2014 will be made into books.
B．The Future Library will be open to the public for the first time.
C．A camera which was produced 100 years ago will be exhibited.
D．A book about photos with a 100-year exposure time will come out.
6．What can we learn about today’s people when they admire works of art
A．They ignore works of modern culture deliberately. B．They spend only a little time in admiring artworks.
C．They seldom pay attention to the price of artworks. D．They focus too much on artistic worth of artworks.
7．What is the purpose of the wave of slow art
A．To preserve works of art for a longer time.
B．To promote works of art for modern culture.
C．To advocate creating works of art more slowly.
D．To encourage people to consider works of art more deliberately.
8．How does Anne Beate Hovind feel about the city life
A．Convenient. B．Competitive. C．Efficient. D．Busy.
二、完形填空
Two girls living next door to each other have two very different life stories.
Chi Zhen, an 18-year-old preparatory (预科的) student in Seville, Spain, used his 9 to tell the stary of two lives. From the 10 on me photos, we could learn that they had inspired many people to 11 that the future is in their own hands.
He took a series of 12 of his friends Veronica and Anna Maria. They live completely 13 life styles and are getting opposite results.
In the photos. Anna Maria. a Spanish girl, can be seen 14 a TV drama. “She spends most of her 15 in front of her laptop,” says Chi. Anna Maria rarely goes out 16 she thinks she’s not attractive and doesn’t know 17 to say in social situations. She blames fate (命运). “I’m not as lucky as Veronica,” she often says.
But Veronica, the “lucky’ girl next door, has 18 herself four foreign languages and travelled to many places. She goes to the 19 frequently, so her extensive knowledge and experience allow her to take part in any conversation and become the center of 20 .
Looking at Veronica, it’s 21 that she’s taking control of her fate. In order to 22 with Chi Zhep better, she’s studying Chinese. Her experience has 23 Chi Zhen to mix with students from all countries, and he’s getting good results. “Although l learned about so many different ideas and 24 , I still need some time to get used to them,” he says.
The 25 of the photos has gone far beyond what Chi expected. One of the 26 commented on his photos on renren. com, saying: “A wall separates two worlds, and the life we have 27 what we do. I’d rather 28 my fate now than complain about everything later.”
9．A．hand B．camera C．book D．article
10．A．abilities B．experiences C．memories D．comments
11．A．believe B．change C．struggle D．compare
12．A．loves B．relationships C．photos D．emotions.
13．A．same B．different C．interesting D．healthy
14．A．watching B．sharing C．copying D．imitating
15．A．energy B．money C．food D．time
16．A．when B．while C．because D．how
17．A．what B．why C．which D．when
18．A．mastered B．managed C．taught D．enjoyed
19．A．meeting room B．library C．laboratory D．classroom
20．A．encouragement B．inspiration C．attention D．amusement
21．A．obvious B．unlucky C．important D．impossible
22．A．argue B．improve C．touch D．communicate
23．A．made B．encouraged C．ordered D．suggested
24．A．dreams B．interests C．attention D．situations
25．A．price B．thought C．explanation D．influence
26．A．users B．doctors C．travellers D．drivers
27．A．takes on B．puts on C．depends on D．keeps on
28．A．waste B．question C．stand D．grasp
拓展突破练
1. （2023全国甲卷 . 阅读理解A篇）The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine ____________ (combine) with modern cooking methods.
2. (2023全国甲卷 . 语法填空)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ____________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
3. (2023全国甲卷 . 语法填空) Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ____________ (intend) for everyone.
4.（2023全国乙卷 . 语法填空） From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ___________ (build) system of ring roads.
5. （2023全国乙卷 . 语法填空）_____________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
6. (2023新课标全国II 卷 . 语法填空)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
7. (2023北京卷.语法填空) She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world ____________(face) “too little water or too dirty water”.
8. (2023新课标全国I卷. 语法填空) Shanghai may be the ______________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace.
9. (2023新课标全国I卷. 语法填空) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
10. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____________ (want) more next time.
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