限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气：
04 现在完成时和过去完成时
积累运用
现在完成时和过去完成时区别
现在完成时 过去完成时
形式 has/have +done had +done
概念 过去某一时刻发生的动作持续到现在，并对现在造成影响 过去某一时刻已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻或在此时刻前已经完成的动作
标志性词 so far, until now, up to now, till now, in/over the last/past+段时间，these days… by, by the time, before, when
注意：
1.现在完成时在since结构中使用时，since后面跟过去的时间或动作，主句用现在完成时。
例句：He has been out of employment since he graduated from the university.
自从他大学毕业以来，他一直失业。
The relations between the two countries have developed for years since 2000.
自从2000年，这两个国家的关系已经发展了。
2. by与现在的时间搭配，用现在完成时；by与过去的时间搭配，用过去完成时。
例句：By now he has composed seven books on his own.
到现在为止，他已经独立创作了7本书。
By last year, we had mastered reading skills well.
到去年为止，我们已经很好得掌握了阅读技巧。
3. 过去完成时用于固定结构中：
（1） It was the first/second… time that …(that引导从句部分的谓语动词用过去完成时)。
例句：It was the third time that he had been laid off.
这是第三次他被解雇。
（2）Hardly/Scarcely…when…和No sooner…than…结构中，hardly, scarcely以及no sooner后谓语动词用过去完成时，when，than后面用一般过去时。表示“一…就…”
例句：Hardly had he returned home when he found the house broken into.
他一回家就发现房子被破门而入了。
（3）表示意向的动词，如hope, expect, intend, mean, plan, think, suppose等使用过去完成时，并非表达过去的过去，而是表达对过去未曾实现动作的遗憾，表示“本…”。
例句：He had intended to decline the invitation, but his friend persuaded him.
他本打算拒绝这个邀请，但是他朋友说服了他。
(4) 用于虚拟语气中，与过去事实相反的结构中。
与过去事实相反时，if引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成时had done, 主句谓语动词用would/could/should/might + have done;
与过去事实相反时，wish后面引导的宾语从句中，谓语动词为had done；as if引导的从句中，谓语动词用had done。
例句：If he had followed my advice, he would not have fallen behind others.
如果他当初听我的建议，他就不会落后于别人了。
I wish she had
根据括号内所给的词，完成下面的句子。
1. Many parts of China (see) very heavy rainfall in the past few days.
【答案】have seen
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的几天里 ，中国大部分地区有大降雨。in the past few days结构用于现在完成时，所以填have seen。
2. Instead of getting down to a new test as he (expect), he examined the previous work again.
【答案】had expected
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：他没有着手于他期待的一个新任务，相反，他再一次检查了先前的工作。
根据句意，先“期待”，再“检查”，即动作expect发生于examine之前，因为examine用于过去时，所以填had examined。
3. The unemployment rate in this district (fall) from 6% to 5% since two years ago.
【答案】has fallen
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：自从两年前以来，这个地区的失业率已经从6%下降到5%。Since表示“自从”，后面接表示过去的时间或者谓语动词过去时，主句用现在完成时。所以填has fallen。
4. .It is the third time that you (be) late this month.
【答案】have been
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：这是这个月第三次你迟到。句式结构it is the +序数词+that后面用现在完成时；而it was the+序数词+that后面用过去完成时。因为此处是is，所以that后面用现在完成时，所以填have been。
5. They might have found a better hotel if they (drive) a few more kilometers.
【答案】had driven
【详解】考查虚拟语气结构中的过去完成时的使用。句意：如果他们开车多开几公里，他们可能就会找到一个比较好的酒店。If条件虚拟语气结构中，当与过去事实相反时，if引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用would/could/should/might+have done，通过观察得知，主句谓语动词满足“与过去事实相反”的if虚拟语气结构，所以从句应该用过去完成时。所以填had driven。
6. .In the past decade, they ______________(realize) their goal, making the company bring back to life.
【答案】have realized
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的十年中，他们已经实现了他们的目标，使得公司起死回生。
此处in the past decade用于现在完成时结构，所以填have realized。
7. It was the fourth time she (shop) online for hours. I had already reminded her to think twice before buying anything, but my wife ignored what I had said.
【答案】had shopped
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：这是第四次我的妻子在网上购物好几个小时。我之前提醒过她买东西之前三思而后行，但是我的妻子不理会我说的话。It was the+序数词+that后面用过去完成时，所以填had shopped。
8. Over the past few months, I (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws.
【答案】have learnt
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的几个月中，我已经了解到没有人是完美的，我们所有人都有瑕疵。句中over the past+段时间为时间状语，这个结构用于现在完成时，所以填have learnt。
9. If we (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
【答案】had caught
【详解】考查虚拟语气中过去完成时的使用。句意：如果我们赶上了昨天的航班，我们现在就能在沙滩上享受假日了。此句考查i条件句虚拟语气用法，当与过去事实相反时，从句用过去完成时，因为有yesterday,使用判断与过去事实相反，所以填had caught。
10. .I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the past two years.
【答案】had been carried
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：上个月我被送到那个村庄去看看这个发展计划在过去两年中的进展情况。
I was sent…发生在过去，即上个月，而计划的实施应该是被从被送去村庄之前算起的过去两年，所以此处应该表示过去的过去，又因为plan与carry out是被动关系，所以填had been carried。
11. Hardly _______ she ________(go) to bed when the doorbell rang.
【答案】had gone
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：她一去睡觉，门铃就响了。此句中的结构为hardly…when…，表示“一…就…”hardly后面谓语动词用过去完成时，when后从句谓语动词用一般过去时，所以填had gone。
12. The bridge (build) by the end of last year.
【答案】had been built
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：这座桥到去年年底已经被建好了。by与过去的时间连用，用过去完成时，所以填had been built。
13. Up to now, he _______________(form) the good habit of doing exercise every morning.
【答案】has formed
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：直到现在，他已经养成了每天早上锻炼身体的好习惯。up to now表示“到目前为止”，用于现在完成时，所以填has formed。
14. These days he _______________(complete) a major task, so he is praised by his boss now.
【答案】has completed
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：这些天他已经完成了一项重大的任务，所以他现在被他的老板表扬了。These days是现在完成时的标志性短语，所以填has completed。
15. They____________(finish) their dinner by the time Sam joined them.
【答案】had finished
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：到山姆加入他们的时候，他们已经吃完了他们的晚餐。by the time作为连词，连接的句子中谓语动词用一般过去时，主句应该用过去完成时。所以填had finished。
一、阅读理解
A
When the fifth grade school year was almost over, all the girls made autograph (签名) books. As I signed my classmates’ books, I noticed their moms had written in them, too. “I couldn’t be prouder of you. Can’t wait to see how you like junior high!” “Congratulations! We love you and know you have a bright future!”
I asked my mother to sign mine, too. When she handed it back to me, I was anxious to see what she had written. This is what I found on the page:
When a thing is first begun,
Never leave it till it’s done.
Be the labor great or small.
Do it well or not at all.
That was it I was frozen. It was an indication to me that, if I couldn’t be perfect, I wasn’t good enough. I held back my tears, left the page in but secretly hoped my classmates wouldn’t read it.
Do it well or not at all. For years, I battled perfectionism and never felt good enough for most of my life.
When my mother was in her eighties, I gave her a book to fill out so we could know more about her. It had questions at the top of each page and then blank space to respond. I secretly hoped she’d been working on it all along. Sadly, not long after, my mother passed away. When I sorted out her belongings, what I wanted more than anything was that book. What I found stopped me short. On page ten, the question was, “What’s the best advice you got from your parents ” Her response was what she had written in my autograph book. Even though I’d memorized it years ago, I read it at a slower pace now, seeing it in a new light.
It was written to her by her mother, and she was passing it down to her daughter in the same way. A gift from her to me. She was giving me treasured, valuable advice when all I was thinking about were words of praise. I understand it now.
1．In paragraph 1, the author found that words from other classmates’ moms ________.
A．contained reflection on life B．expressed their thankfulness
C．showed pride in their children D．featured a formal writing style
2．Seeing her mom’s words on the autograph book, how did the author feel
A．Disappointed. B．Motivated. C．Hopeful. D．Anxious.
3．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 imply
A．The author memorized the words from her mom.
B．The author was surprised to see the same words again.
C．The author found it easy to see the words clearly under the light.
D．The author began to have a new understanding of her mom’s words.
4．What gift did the author’s mom give her
A．A vision of a perfect world. B．Encouragement to do things well.
C．Her mom’s wisdom of loving yourself. D．Her mom’s advice on living at a slow pace.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者起初对妈妈在签名簿上的写的内容不理解，在母亲去世后作者才理解了那些话的意义。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“ I noticed their moms had written in them, too. “I couldn’t be prouder of you. Can’t wait to see how you like junior high!” “Congratulations! We love you and know you have a bright future!”(我注意到他们的妈妈也在上面写了字。“我为你感到无比骄傲。等不及想看看你的初中生活了!”“恭喜你!我们爱你，知道你有一个光明的未来!”)”可知，在第一段中，作者发现其他同学妈妈的话是以他们的孩子为傲。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据正文第三段“That was it I was frozen. It was an indication to me that, if I couldn’t be perfect, I wasn’t good enough. I held back my tears, left the page in but secretly hoped my classmates wouldn’t read it.(就这样？我僵住了。这对我来说是一种暗示，如果我不能做到完美，我就不够好。我强忍着眼泪，留下了那一页，但心里暗暗希望同学们不要看。)”可知，看到妈妈在签名簿上写的字，作者是失望的，故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Even though I’d memorized it years ago, I read it at a slower pace now, seeing it in a new light.(尽管我多年前就已经记住了，但我现在读它的速度变慢了，以一种新的眼光看待它。)”和最后一段“I understand it now.(我现在明白了。)”可知，第5段划线的句子表示作者开始对她妈妈的话有了新的理解。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据作者妈妈写的话“When a thing is first begun, Never leave it till it’s done. Be the labor great or small. Do it well or not at all.(当一件事刚开始时，不做完就不要离开。无论劳动是大是小。要么做好，要么不做。)”以及最后一段的“It was written to her by her mother, and she was passing it down to her daughter in the same way. A gift from her to me.(这封信是她母亲写给她的，她正以同样的方式传给女儿。是她送给我的礼物。)”可知，作者的妈妈写的这些话就是给作者的礼物，从这些话可知，作者的妈妈鼓励作者把事情做好，故选B。
B
Movies for kids and teens aren’t only designed to entertain. They can also include messages about what’s right and wrong, what actions make a hero or bad guy, and how to deal with moral challenges. Consider The Hate U Give, a movie that deals with how teens can use their voice against racialized gun violence. Or WALL-E, which contains messages about environmental destruction and consumerism.
But do children and teens want to watch movies containing lessons about moral behavior Researchers at UCLA explored the question in a recent report. They analyzed over 1,700 movies for children and teens released in theaters after 2010 to see how many character strengths were featured in each film. The quality and success of the films were measured in different ways: how many stars each movie received, how much money each movie made in ticket sales during the opening weekend, and audience and film critic scores.
The results Movies that noticeably featured character strengths tended to make more money on the opening weekend both within the United States and internationally compared to movies without character strengths: This was true even when the researchers accounted for how many stars the film received, and the audience and critic scores, so their success wasn’t just about being better-quality movies.
Qualities like perseverance, courage, and teamwork were featured most often (in over 300 films each). But qualities like humility (谦逊) and integrity (正直) were less commonly highlighted (in fewer than 100 films each). “These are the character strengths that children struggle with the most, and so creators may be missing an opportunity to help children where they need it most,” explain the researchers. The report also found movies made for 13- to 18-year-olds had fewer character strengths compared to movies for younger children.
“Teens are at a critical stage where they are easily influenced by their social environments, including media,” explain the researchers. “There is a clear gap in the industry for content directed at teens that promotes positive character strengths to help youth so they can better deal with the key challenges and changes they are experiencing.”
5．What do The Hate U Give and WALL-E have in common
A．Both intend to criticize racism. B．Both are likely to develop values.
C．Both focus on environmental issues. D．Both are mainly designed to entertain.
6．What did the report find about the movies featuring character strengths
A．They received more negative film reviews. B．They got lower audience and critic scores.
C．They gained impressive ticket sales. D．They were mainly targeted at overseas audience.
7．What can we learn about the quality “integrity”
A．It brought success to over 300 films. B．It needs to be emphasized in more films.
C．It is a character familiar to most children. D．It was featured more in films for younger children.
8．What is the best title for the text
A．Are Movies with Moral Lessons Popular
B．Does the Film Industry Fail Its Young Audience
C．What Can Children Learn from Watching Movies
D．Are Films for Teens Different from Films for Young Children
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了儿童和青少年看电影不仅仅是为了娱乐，它们还包括什么是对与错，怎样的行为可以造就英雄或产生坏人，以及如何应对道德挑战这样的信息。但是，儿童和青少年想看包含道德行为教育的电影吗？加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员在最近的一份报告中探讨了这个问题。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Consider The Hate U Give, a movie that deals with how teens can use their voice against racialized gun violence. Or WALL-E, which contains messages about environmental destruction and consumerism.(想想《你给予的仇恨》吧，这部电影讲述了青少年如何用自己的声音反对种族化的枪支暴力。或者《机器人总动员》，它包含了环境破坏和消费主义的信息)”可知，《你给的仇恨》讲述了青少年如何用自己的声音反对种族化的枪支暴力，《机器人总动员》包含了环境破坏和消费主义的信息。因此，它们都很可能可以培养价值观。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Movies that noticeably featured character strengths tended to make more money on the opening weekend both within the United States and internationally compared to movies without character strengths: This was true even when the researchers accounted for how many stars the film received, and the audience and critic scores, so their success wasn’t just about being better-quality movies.(与没有角色优势的电影相比，具有明显角色优势的电影往往在美国国内和国际上的首映周末都能赚到更多的钱：即使研究人员考虑了这部电影获得的明星数量、观众和评论家的评分，这也是正确的，所以它们的成功并不仅仅是因为电影质量更好)”可知，该报告发现了关于人物力量的电影获得了可观的票房收入。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段“But qualities like humility (谦逊) and integrity (正直) were less commonly highlighted (in fewer than 100 films each). “These are the character strengths that children struggle with the most, and so creators may be missing an opportunity to help children where they need it most,” explain the researchers. The report also found movies made for 13- to 18-year-olds had fewer character strengths compared to movies for younger children.(但谦逊和正直这样的品质却不太常被强调（各自在不到100部电影中出现）。研究人员解释说：“这些都是孩子们最难以克服的性格优势，所以创作者可能会错过一个帮助孩子们最需要帮助的机会。”该报告还发现，为13至18岁的青少年拍摄的电影与为更年幼的儿童拍摄的电影相比，角色优势更少)”可知，“诚信”品质应该在更多电影中被强调。故选B。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“But do children and teens want to watch movies containing lessons about moral behavior Researchers at UCLA explored the question in a recent report. They analyzed over 1,700 movies for children and teens released in theaters after 2010 to see how many character strengths were featured in each film. The quality and success of the films were measured in different ways: how many stars each movie received, how much money each movie made in ticket sales during the opening weekend, and audience and film critic scores.(但是，儿童和青少年想看包含道德行为教训的电影吗？加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员在最近的一份报告中探讨了这个问题。他们分析了2010年之后在影院上映的1700多部儿童和青少年电影，看看每部电影中有多少角色优势。电影的质量和成功是通过不同的方式来衡量的:每部电影获得了多少明星，每部电影在首映周末的票房收入，以及观众和影评人的评分)”结合文章主要说明了儿童和青少年看电影不仅仅是为了娱乐，它们还包括什么是对与错，怎样的行为可以造就英雄或产生坏人，以及如何应对道德挑战这样的信息。但是，儿童和青少年想看包含道德行为教育的电影吗？加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员在最近的一份报告中探讨了这个问题。故A选项“有道德教训的电影受欢迎吗”最符合文章标题。故选A。
二、完形填空
A woman and her dog walked through the airport, passing by dozens of people. Suddenly the dog 9 without making a sound, it sat like a statue and stared at a man carrying a suitcase.
The woman 10 the man carefully, waiting until he put down the suitcase. Then she shouted, “Police. Don’t make a move!” Other 11 moved in. They quickly 12 the suitcase. The man had been carrying a bomb in it! On the TV news that evening, the 13 was a hero. Thanks to this police dog, something terrible had been 14 . Lucky, the police dog, had found the bomb in a way no human ever could. The dog had not 15 or heard the dangerous device inside the suitcase. 16 , the animal had found it with its 17 . Lucky had smelled the bomb.
A dog can sense odors (气味) that are thousands of times too 18 for people to smell. The part of a dog’s brain that deals with odors is much larger than that 19 part of the human brain. People depend on differences in 20 in order to tell things apart. A dog on the other hand, depends on differences in 21 .
Everything and everyone has an odor. That’s why highly trained dogs are often used by the police to 22 people or find drugs. They have been taught to 23 specific smells. The animals’ sense of smell is so powerful that they can even tell if a person has recently touched a certain object.
Many of the different kinds of materials used in bombs give off exactly the same odor. A dog learns to search for it. If the dog finds a bomb, however, it must never 24 it. It must not let the person who is 25 the bomb know. Instead, the dog has been trained to 26 . Police officers watch for this 27 . Then, when the dog has finished 28 job, police can make their move.
9．A．stopped B．died C．jumped D．attempted
10．A．refused B．helped C．watched D．served
11．A．dogs B．cars C．animals D．officers
12．A．unpacked B．removed C．tapped D．threw
13．A．woman B．man C．animal D．officer
14．A．warned B．planned C．covered D．prevented
15．A．seen B．used C．carved D．bent
16．A．Therefore B．Instead C．Then D．Meanwhile
17．A．ears B．eyes C．tongue D．nose
18．A．far B．small C．weak D．near
19．A．special B．same C．little D．right
20．A．sound B．language C．appearance D．expression
21．A．size B．taste C．colour D．smell
22．A．follow B．adopt C．convey D．tease
23．A．cover B．recognize C．like D．make
24．A．transform B．ban C．show D．spill
25．A．searching B．clearing C．carrying D．delivering
26．A．sleep B．run C．change D．sit
27．A．word B．gesture C．noise D．day
28．A．its B．his C．her D．their
【答案】
9．A 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．A 16．B 17．D 18．C 19．B 20．C 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．C 26．D 27．B 28．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了狗可以利用嗅觉来辨别东西，所以被训练用来帮助搜寻炸弹。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，狗停了下来，没有发出任何声音，它像一尊雕像一样坐着，盯着一个提着手提箱的人。A. stopped停止，停下；B. died死；C. jumped跳；D. attempted努力；尝试。根据句中的“it sat like a statue”可知，狗一动不动地坐着，所以这里是说它停了下来。故选A。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：女人仔细地看着男人，一直等到他放下手提箱。A. refused拒绝；B. helped帮助；C. watched观看，观察；D. served服务。根据句中的“waiting until he put down the suitcase”可知，女人是仔细地看着男人，直到他放下手提箱。故选C。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他警官冲上前来。A. dogs狗；B. cars汽车；C. animals动物；D. officers军官，警察。根据上文中的“Police. Don’t make a move!(警察。别动！)”可知，这位女警察警告男人不要轻举妄动，接着其他警官冲上前来。故选D。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们迅速打开手提箱。A. unpacked打开（盒子﹑包﹑手提箱等）；B. removed去除；C. tapped轻拍；D. threw抛，扔。根据下文中的“The man had been carrying a bomb in it!(那个人一直在里面携带炸弹！)”可知，警察打开手提箱，发现里面有炸弹。故选A。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那天晚上的电视新闻中，这只动物成了英雄。A. woman女人；B. man男人；C. animal动物；D. officer军官，警察。根据下文中的“Thanks to this police dog”可知，这只警犬帮助搜查到了炸弹，成了英雄。故选C。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多亏了这只警犬，才阻止了可怕的事情发生。A. warned警告；B. planned计划；C. covered遮盖；D. prevented阻止。根据上文描写的狗帮助抓到携带炸弹行李箱的人和下文中的“the police dog, had found the bomb”可知，狗在炸弹爆炸前发现了炸弹，所以是阻止了可怕的事情发生。故选D。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只狗没有看到或听到手提箱里的危险装置。A. seen看见；B. used用；C. carved雕刻；D. bent弯曲。根据下文中的“Lucky had smelled the bomb.(Lucky闻到了炸弹的味道。)”可知，这只狗没有看到或听到手提箱里的危险装置，而是靠嗅觉找到的。故选A。
16．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，这只动物是用鼻子发现的。A. Therefore因此；B. Instead反而，却；C. Then然后；D. Meanwhile同时。上文“The dog had not 15 or heard the dangerous device inside the suitcase.(这只狗没有看到或听到手提箱里的危险装置。)”说这只狗不是靠视觉或听觉找到炸弹的，“the animal had found it with its ___17__. Lucky had smelled the bomb.”说它是用鼻子发现的，前后之间是替代转折的关系，应用Instead。故选B。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. ears耳朵；B. eyes眼睛；C. tongue舌头；D. nose鼻子。根据下文中的“Lucky had smelled the bomb.(Lucky闻到了炸弹的味道。)”可知，那只狗是用鼻子嗅到炸弹的。故选D。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：狗能感觉到微弱数千倍的气味，而人们闻不到。A. far远的；B. small小的；C. weak微弱的；D. near差不多的。根据下文中的“The animals’ sense of smell is so powerful”可知，狗的嗅觉非常强大，所以能够闻到非常微弱的味道，而这种味道对人类来说太过微弱而闻不到。故选C。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：狗的大脑处理气味的部分比人类大脑的相同部分大得多。A. special特别的；B. same相同的；C. little小的；D. right正确的。根据句中的“The part of a dog’s brain that deals with odors is much larger than”和空后的“part of the human brain”可知，这里是对狗和人的大脑中处理气味的部分进行比较，这是相同的部分。故选B。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们根据外表的不同来区分事物。A. sound声音；B. language语言；C. appearance外观，外表；D. expression表情。根据空后的“in order to tell things apart”和上文中的“Lucky had smelled the bomb.(Lucky闻到了炸弹的味道。)”可知，狗靠嗅觉来区分事物，这和人不同，所以人是靠外表来区分事物的。故选C。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，狗依靠不同的气味（来区分事物）。A. size尺寸；B. taste味道；C. colour颜色；D. smell气味。根据上文的“Lucky had smelled the bomb.(Lucky闻到了炸弹的味道。)”可知，狗依靠不同的气味来区别事物。故选D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么警察经常用训练有素的狗来跟踪人或寻找毒品。A. follow跟随；B. adopt收养，采用；C. convey表达，传递（思想、感情等）；D. tease戏弄。根据空后的“people or find drugs”及常识可知，警察用警犬来跟踪人或寻找毒品。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们被教会识别特定的气味。A. cover覆盖；B. recognize认出，认识；C. like喜欢；D. make制作。根据空后的“specific smells”和上文的“A dog on the other hand, depends on differences in ___21___.(另一方面，狗依靠不同的气味。)”以及“That’s why highly trained dogs are often used by the police to 22 people or find drugs.(这就是为什么警察经常用训练有素的狗来跟踪人或寻找毒品。)”可知，狗依靠气味来辨别东西，所以为了执行跟踪人或寻找毒品的任务，狗会被训练去识别特定的气味。故选B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果狗发现了一枚炸弹，它决不能表现出来。A. transform使改变形态；B. ban禁止；C. show给……看，表现；D. spill（使）洒出。根据下文中的“It must not let the person who is ___25____ the bomb know.(它决不能让……炸弹的人知道。)”可知，如果狗发现了一枚炸弹，它决不能让携带炸弹的人知道，所以它不会表现出来。故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它绝对不能让携带炸弹的人知道。A. searching搜寻，搜索；B. clearing清除；C. carrying携带；D. delivering递送。根据上文中的“If the dog finds a bomb, however, it must never 16 it.(然而，如果狗发现了一枚炸弹，它决不能表现出来。)”可知，如果狗发现了炸弹，它不能表现出来，它不能让携带炸弹的人知道。故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，这只狗被训练坐下。A. sleep睡觉；B. run跑；C. change改变；D. sit坐。根据第一段中的“Suddenly the dog 9 without making a sound, it sat like a statue and stared at a man carrying a suitcase.(突然，狗停了下来，没有发出任何声音，它像一尊雕像一样坐着，盯着一个提着手提箱的人。)”可知，狗发现炸弹时会坐下来。故选D。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：警察注意着这个姿势。A. word单词；B. gesture姿势；C. noise噪音；D. day一天。根据上文的“the dog has been trained to ___26___”可知，狗被训练在发现炸弹时坐下，而配合办案的警察就会注意着这个姿势。故选B。
28．考查代词词义辨析。句意：然后，当狗完成它的工作后，警察可以采取他们的行动。A. its它的；B. his他的；C. her她的；D. their他们的。根据空后的“job”可知，这里指狗发现炸弹的工作，这是狗的工作。故选A。
拓展突破练
1. （2023年北京卷.语法填空）I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____________ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
【答案】had arrived
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：我在约定的时间赴宴，结果发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。turn up用于一般过去时，“没有其他客人到场”应该发生在“我出现在约定的时间”之前，所以arrive应该用过去完成时，所以填had arrived。
2. （2023年北京卷.语法填空）Up to now, China ___________(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
【答案】has established
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由up to now可知，应该用现在完成时，所以填has established。
3. （2022年北京卷.语法填空）The use of those plastics ____________ (increase) by 300% since 2019.
【答案】has increased
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年以来，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。Since表示“自从”，后面接过去的时间，句子应该用现在完成时。所以填has increased。
4. （2021年天津卷.单项选择）I wanted to make dumplings but found I ____________(run out of) flour, so I went out to buy some.
【答案】had run out of
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：我想做饺子，但是发现我已经把面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。
wanted，found都是发生在过去，面粉用完应该是发现found之前的动作，所以填had run out of。
5. （2021年天津卷.单项选择）Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies.
【答案】had been offered
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候，他已经被很多电脑公司提供了工作的机会。offer结构为offer sb. sth.跟双宾语，此处表示“他被提供工作”，所以应该用被动态。又因为By the time为连词，连接句子谓语动词为一般过去时的时候，主句用过去完成时。所以填had been offered。
6. （2021年天津卷.单项选择）Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers __________(remain) the same for nearly 40 years.
【答案】have remained
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：虽然几个人来来往往，但是这家饭馆的常客一直以来40年间保持不变。
因为although引导的让步状语从句用现在完成时，表示到目前为止的状况，所以主句部分的时态保持一致，所以填have remained。
7. （2021年北京卷.语法填空）There ______ （be）a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years，caused largely by rising global temperatures，according to a new report from the United Nations．
【答案】has been
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由 全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years, 此处为现在完成时的标志性短语，所以填has been。
8. (2021年全国新课标I.阅读理解B篇)Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but ___________(be) the group’s official page turner for the past four years.
【答案】has been
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：Titterton先生目前是欧米茄合唱团的主席，并且在过去的4年中一直是这个团队的官方翻页人。for the past four years为现在完成时的标志性短语，所以此处用现在完成时。因为此处主语为第三人称单数，所以填has been。
9. (2020年天津卷.单项选择) The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ________ (remain) around that level since.
【答案】has remained
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：在20世纪90年代，医学校的数量达到了18所，并且自从那时开始，这个数量一直维持大概那个水平。since为关键的介词，指代since the early 1990s，所以句子的谓语动词用现在完成时。另外，句子的主语为the number of medical schools，谓语动词用单数。所以填has remained。
10. (2020年天津卷.单项选择) The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph ___________(say).
【答案】had said
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：这个学生完成了实验，实现约瑟夫教授所说的内容。这句话的谓语动词为completed为一般过去时，而约瑟夫教授所说的话，应该发生在“completed the experiment”之前，所以填had said。
答案第8页，共15页限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气：
04 现在完成时和过去完成时
积累运用
现在完成时和过去完成时区别
现在完成时 过去完成时
形式 has/have +done had +done
概念 过去某一时刻发生的动作持续到现在，并对现在造成影响 过去某一时刻已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻或在此时刻前已经完成的动作
标志性词 so far, until now, up to now, till now, in/over the last/past+段时间，these days… by, by the time, before, when
注意：
1.现在完成时在since结构中使用时，since后面跟过去的时间或动作，主句用现在完成时。
例句：He has been out of employment since he graduated from the university.
自从他大学毕业以来，他一直失业。
The relations between the two countries have developed for years since 2000.
自从2000年，这两个国家的关系已经发展了。
2. by与现在的时间搭配，用现在完成时；by与过去的时间搭配，用过去完成时。
例句：By now he has composed seven books on his own.
到现在为止，他已经独立创作了7本书。
By last year, we had mastered reading skills well.
到去年为止，我们已经很好得掌握了阅读技巧。
3. 过去完成时用于固定结构中：
（1） It was the first/second… time that …(that引导从句部分的谓语动词用过去完成时)。
例句：It was the third time that he had been laid off.
这是第三次他被解雇。
（2）Hardly/Scarcely…when…和No sooner…than…结构中，hardly, scarcely以及no sooner后谓语动词用过去完成时，when，than后面用一般过去时。表示“一…就…”
例句：Hardly had he returned home when he found the house broken into.
他一回家就发现房子被破门而入了。
（3）表示意向的动词，如hope, expect, intend, mean, plan, think, suppose等使用过去完成时，并非表达过去的过去，而是表达对过去未曾实现动作的遗憾，表示“本…”。
例句：He had intended to decline the invitation, but his friend persuaded him.
他本打算拒绝这个邀请，但是他朋友说服了他。
(4) 用于虚拟语气中，与过去事实相反的结构中。
与过去事实相反时，if引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成时had done, 主句谓语动词用would/could/should/might + have done;
与过去事实相反时，wish后面引导的宾语从句中，谓语动词为had done；as if引导的从句中，谓语动词用had done。
例句：If he had followed my advice, he would not have fallen behind others.
如果他当初听我的建议，他就不会落后于别人了。
I wish she had
根据括号内所给的词，完成下面的句子。
1. Many parts of China (see) very heavy rainfall in the past few days.
2. Instead of getting down to a new test as he (expect), he examined the previous work again.
3. The unemployment rate in this district (fall) from 6% to 5% since two years ago.
4. .It is the third time that you (be) late this month.
5. They might have found a better hotel if they (drive) a few more kilometers.
6. .In the past decade, they ______________(realize) their goal, making the company bring back to life.
7. It was the fourth time she (shop) online for hours. I had already reminded her to think twice before buying anything, but my wife ignored what I had said.
8. Over the past few months, I (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws.
9. If we (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
10. .I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the past two years.
11. Hardly _______ she ________(go) to bed when the doorbell rang.
12. The bridge (build) by the end of last year.
13. Up to now, he _______________(form) the good habit of doing exercise every morning.
14. These days he _______________(complete) a major task, so he is praised by his boss now.
15. They____________(finish) their dinner by the time Sam joined them.
一、阅读理解
A
When the fifth grade school year was almost over, all the girls made autograph (签名) books. As I signed my classmates’ books, I noticed their moms had written in them, too. “I couldn’t be prouder of you. Can’t wait to see how you like junior high!” “Congratulations! We love you and know you have a bright future!”
I asked my mother to sign mine, too. When she handed it back to me, I was anxious to see what she had written. This is what I found on the page:
When a thing is first begun,
Never leave it till it’s done.
Be the labor great or small.
Do it well or not at all.
That was it I was frozen. It was an indication to me that, if I couldn’t be perfect, I wasn’t good enough. I held back my tears, left the page in but secretly hoped my classmates wouldn’t read it.
Do it well or not at all. For years, I battled perfectionism and never felt good enough for most of my life.
When my mother was in her eighties, I gave her a book to fill out so we could know more about her. It had questions at the top of each page and then blank space to respond. I secretly hoped she’d been working on it all along. Sadly, not long after, my mother passed away. When I sorted out her belongings, what I wanted more than anything was that book. What I found stopped me short. On page ten, the question was, “What’s the best advice you got from your parents ” Her response was what she had written in my autograph book. Even though I’d memorized it years ago, I read it at a slower pace now, seeing it in a new light.
It was written to her by her mother, and she was passing it down to her daughter in the same way. A gift from her to me. She was giving me treasured, valuable advice when all I was thinking about were words of praise. I understand it now.
1．In paragraph 1, the author found that words from other classmates’ moms ________.
A．contained reflection on life B．expressed their thankfulness
C．showed pride in their children D．featured a formal writing style
2．Seeing her mom’s words on the autograph book, how did the author feel
A．Disappointed. B．Motivated. C．Hopeful. D．Anxious.
3．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 imply
A．The author memorized the words from her mom.
B．The author was surprised to see the same words again.
C．The author found it easy to see the words clearly under the light.
D．The author began to have a new understanding of her mom’s words.
4．What gift did the author’s mom give her
A．A vision of a perfect world. B．Encouragement to do things well.
C．Her mom’s wisdom of loving yourself. D．Her mom’s advice on living at a slow pace.
B
Movies for kids and teens aren’t only designed to entertain. They can also include messages about what’s right and wrong, what actions make a hero or bad guy, and how to deal with moral challenges. Consider The Hate U Give, a movie that deals with how teens can use their voice against racialized gun violence. Or WALL-E, which contains messages about environmental destruction and consumerism.
But do children and teens want to watch movies containing lessons about moral behavior Researchers at UCLA explored the question in a recent report. They analyzed over 1,700 movies for children and teens released in theaters after 2010 to see how many character strengths were featured in each film. The quality and success of the films were measured in different ways: how many stars each movie received, how much money each movie made in ticket sales during the opening weekend, and audience and film critic scores.
The results Movies that noticeably featured character strengths tended to make more money on the opening weekend both within the United States and internationally compared to movies without character strengths: This was true even when the researchers accounted for how many stars the film received, and the audience and critic scores, so their success wasn’t just about being better-quality movies.
Qualities like perseverance, courage, and teamwork were featured most often (in over 300 films each). But qualities like humility (谦逊) and integrity (正直) were less commonly highlighted (in fewer than 100 films each). “These are the character strengths that children struggle with the most, and so creators may be missing an opportunity to help children where they need it most,” explain the researchers. The report also found movies made for 13- to 18-year-olds had fewer character strengths compared to movies for younger children.
“Teens are at a critical stage where they are easily influenced by their social environments, including media,” explain the researchers. “There is a clear gap in the industry for content directed at teens that promotes positive character strengths to help youth so they can better deal with the key challenges and changes they are experiencing.”
5．What do The Hate U Give and WALL-E have in common
A．Both intend to criticize racism. B．Both are likely to develop values.
C．Both focus on environmental issues. D．Both are mainly designed to entertain.
6．What did the report find about the movies featuring character strengths
A．They received more negative film reviews. B．They got lower audience and critic scores.
C．They gained impressive ticket sales. D．They were mainly targeted at overseas audience.
7．What can we learn about the quality “integrity”
A．It brought success to over 300 films. B．It needs to be emphasized in more films.
C．It is a character familiar to most children. D．It was featured more in films for younger children.
8．What is the best title for the text
A．Are Movies with Moral Lessons Popular
B．Does the Film Industry Fail Its Young Audience
C．What Can Children Learn from Watching Movies
D．Are Films for Teens Different from Films for Young Children
二、完形填空
A woman and her dog walked through the airport, passing by dozens of people. Suddenly the dog 9 without making a sound, it sat like a statue and stared at a man carrying a suitcase.
The woman 10 the man carefully, waiting until he put down the suitcase. Then she shouted, “Police. Don’t make a move!” Other 11 moved in. They quickly 12 the suitcase. The man had been carrying a bomb in it! On the TV news that evening, the 13 was a hero. Thanks to this police dog, something terrible had been 14 . Lucky, the police dog, had found the bomb in a way no human ever could. The dog had not 15 or heard the dangerous device inside the suitcase. 16 , the animal had found it with its 17 . Lucky had smelled the bomb.
A dog can sense odors (气味) that are thousands of times too 18 for people to smell. The part of a dog’s brain that deals with odors is much larger than that 19 part of the human brain. People depend on differences in 20 in order to tell things apart. A dog on the other hand, depends on differences in 21 .
Everything and everyone has an odor. That’s why highly trained dogs are often used by the police to 22 people or find drugs. They have been taught to 23 specific smells. The animals’ sense of smell is so powerful that they can even tell if a person has recently touched a certain object.
Many of the different kinds of materials used in bombs give off exactly the same odor. A dog learns to search for it. If the dog finds a bomb, however, it must never 24 it. It must not let the person who is 25 the bomb know. Instead, the dog has been trained to 26 . Police officers watch for this 27 . Then, when the dog has finished 28 job, police can make their move.
9．A．stopped B．died C．jumped D．attempted
10．A．refused B．helped C．watched D．served
11．A．dogs B．cars C．animals D．officers
12．A．unpacked B．removed C．tapped D．threw
13．A．woman B．man C．animal D．officer
14．A．warned B．planned C．covered D．prevented
15．A．seen B．used C．carved D．bent
16．A．Therefore B．Instead C．Then D．Meanwhile
17．A．ears B．eyes C．tongue D．nose
18．A．far B．small C．weak D．near
19．A．special B．same C．little D．right
20．A．sound B．language C．appearance D．expression
21．A．size B．taste C．colour D．smell
22．A．follow B．adopt C．convey D．tease
23．A．cover B．recognize C．like D．make
24．A．transform B．ban C．show D．spill
25．A．searching B．clearing C．carrying D．delivering
26．A．sleep B．run C．change D．sit
27．A．word B．gesture C．noise D．day
28．A．its B．his C．her D．their
拓展突破练
1. （2023年北京卷.语法填空）I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____________ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
2. （2023年北京卷.语法填空）Up to now, China ___________(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
3. （2022年北京卷.语法填空）The use of those plastics ____________ (increase) by 300% since 2019.
4. （2021年天津卷.单项选择）I wanted to make dumplings but found I ____________(run out of) flour, so I went out to buy some.
5. （2021年天津卷.单项选择）Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies.
6. （2021年天津卷.单项选择）Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers __________(remain) the same for nearly 40 years.
7. （2021年北京卷.语法填空）There ______ （be）a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years，caused largely by rising global temperatures，according to a new report from the United Nations．
8. (2021年全国新课标I.阅读理解B篇)Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but ___________(be) the group’s official page turner for the past four years.
9. (2020年天津卷.单项选择) The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ________ (remain) around that level since.
10. (2020年天津卷.单项选择) The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph ___________(say).
答案第6页，共7页
