限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气：
06 主要时态的被动态
积累运用
主要时态的被动态
时态 相应的被动态
一般现在时do/does is/am/are done
一般过去时did was/were done
一般将来时will/shall do will/shall be done
过去将来时would do would be done
现在进行时is/am/are doing is/am/are being done
过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done
现在完成时has/have done has/have been done
过去完成时had done had been done
现在完成进行时has/have been doing 无
过去完成进行时had been doing 无
注意：
1. 现在完成时和过去完成时的标志性词或者固定用法。
(1)现在完成时：常见的标志性词或短语有so far, until now, up to now, till now, in/over the last/past+段时间，these days, by now …
用于结构It has been/is+时间段+since…
(2)过去完成时：常见的标志性词或短语有by+过去时间, by the time, before, when…
①用于结构It was the +序数词+time that…在that引导的从句中用过去完成时。
②用于结构Hardly/Scarcely…when…和No sooner…than…结构中，hardly, scarcely以及no sooner后谓语动词用过去完成时，when，than后面用一般过去时。表示“一…就…”
③表示意向的动词，如hope, expect, intend, mean, plan, think, suppose等使用过去完成时，并非表达过去的过去，而是表达对过去未曾实现动作的遗憾，表示“本…”。
④用于虚拟语气中，与过去事实相反的结构中。
与过去事实相反时，if引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成时had done, 主句谓语动词用would/could/should/might + have done。类似的虚拟语气用法还包括wish, as if。
根据括号内所给的词，完成下面的句子。
By the time the teacher came in, the first experiment__________(finish) .
【答案】had been finished
【详解】考查被动态。句意：直到老师进来，第一个实验才被完成。根据过去完成固定结构来看，by the time为连词，连接的从句谓语动词为一般过去时，主句应该用过去完成时。所以填had been finished。
2. The ancient building whose roof was badly damaged in the rainstorm _________(repair) now.
【答案】is being repaired
【详解】考查被动态。句意：这个古代的建筑，它的屋顶曾在暴风雨中严重受损，现在正在被修理中。在句子中出现了时间状语now，所以动作应该与现在有关，根据句意，用现在进行时较合理，所以填is being repaired。
3. Both learning sites _______________ (visit) by over 10, 000 people since last year.
【答案】have been visited
【详解】考查被动态。句意：自从去年开始，这两处学习的地点已经被超过1万人参观过了。句中出现了介词since, since后面接过去的时间时，句子应该用现在完成时，所以填have been visited。
4. She returned home and found all the furniture_______________ (destroy) by the flood.
【答案】had been destroyed
【详解】考查被动态。句意：她返回家，发现所有的家具已经被洪水破坏了。句中并列谓语动词returned和found,为一般过去时，而“破坏”发生在这两个并列谓语动词之前，即过去的过去，所以应该用过去完成时被动态。所以填had been destroyed。
5. Many new inventions _____________ (exhibit) in the museum at this time last year.
【答案】were being exhibited
【详解】考查被动态。句意：很多新的发明在去年这个时候正在博物馆被展出。句中的时间状语为at this time last year，强调去年某一时刻正在发生的动作。所以应该用过去进行时被动态。又因为句子的主语为复数名词inventions，所以填were being exhibited。
6. It was reported that the sale_____________(advertise) for several weeks.
【答案】had been advertised
【详解】考查被动态。句意：据报道，这个促销活动已经被做广告好几个星期了。在句中it为形式主语，that引导的为真正主语从句，所以此句为包含主语从句的复合句。It was reported动作发生在过去，促销活动应该是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时被动态。所以填had been advertised。
7. Hardly ________ the front door __________(open) when we could smell something burning.
【答案】had been opened
【详解】考查被动态。句意：前门一被打开，我们就能闻到有东西烧焦的味道。根据过去完成时结构中的特定句型，hardly…when…结构，hardly后面谓语动词用过去完成时，when后谓语动词用一般过去时。又因为the front door和open为被动关系，所以应该用过去完成时的被动态。所以填had been opened。
8. Tom was told that his teammate won the race while he ____________________(treat) by the team doctor.
【答案】was being treated
【详解】考查被动态。句意：汤姆被告诉，当他正在被团队的医生医治时，他的队友赢得了本场比赛。句中关键的时间连词while，while表示“当”，引导的从句谓语动词一般用进行时，又因为整个事件发生的背景为过去，所以用过去进行时。所以填was being treated。
9. After all the preparations _______________(make), the exciting half-marathon began.
【答案】had been made
【详解】考查被动态。句意：在所有的准备工作完成后，激动人心的半马比赛开始了。此处为含有时间状语从句的复合句，the exciting half-marathon began为主句，句中谓语动词为一般过去时began，而准备工作发生在began之前，所以用过去完成时。所以填had been made。
10. It was his strong communication skills which ____________(show) in the interview that finally won his position as the sales manager in this area.
【答案】had been shown
【详解】考查被动态。句意：就是他在面试中显示的较强的交际能力最终赢得了区域销售经理的职位。It was…that…为强调句结构，句中谓语动词was, won为一般过去时。在强调句结构中有一个which引导的定语从句，strong communication skills为定语从句的先行词。在面试中展示交际能力这个动作应该发生在赢得职位之前，所以时间上指过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。又因communication skills与show为被动关系，所以用过去完成时被动态。所以填had been shown。
11. At present the house _____________(paint) by some workers, so they cannot live here now.
【答案】is being painted
【详解】考查被动态。句意：现在这个房子正在被几个工人粉刷中，所以他们现在不能住在这里。句中明显的时间状语at present 和now，均表示“现在”。又因为句中说，房子现在住不了，说明被粉刷这个动作正在发生，所以用现在进行时被动态。所以填is being painted。
12. The new suspension bridge ________(design) by the end of last month.
【答案】had been designed
【详解】考查被动态。句意：这座吊桥直到上个月底前被设计。句中的时间状语by the end of last month为过去完成时的标志性短语，又以为the bridge与design为被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动态。所以填had been designed。
13. --- How was your weekend, Bella
--- Awful! It was the first time I __________(leave) alone at home, bored to death.
【答案】had been left
【详解】考查被动态。句意：--Bella,你的周末怎么样？--太糟糕了！这是第一次我被一个人留在家里，无聊司死了。It was the first time that…结构为过去完成时的固定结构，又因为短语leave sb. alone表示“让某人一个人待着”，宾语sb.与leave为被动关系，所以此处应该用过去完成时的被动态。所以填had been left。
14. My car _____________________ (clean) by my son at ten yesterday morning.
【答案】was being cleaned
【详解】考查被动态。句意：我的车在昨天早上十点时正被我儿子清理着。句中的时间状语为at ten yesterday morning，表示过去某一时刻的动作。又因为my car 与clean为被动关系，所以用过去进行时的被动态。所以填was being cleaned。
15. He ___________(refuse) many times since he offered his CV.
【答案】have been refused
【详解】考查被动态。句意：自从他提供了个人简历以来，他已经被多次拒绝。句中的时间连词为since，引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词为一般过去时，主句谓语动词应该为现在完成时。又因为he与refuse为被动关系，所以应该用现在完成时的被动态。所以填have been refused。
一、阅读选择
According to cognitive scientist Ben Goertzel, the world is experiencing a historic moment in artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Goertzel acknowledges that there is plenty of hype (炒作) surrounding the technology but believes that the new large language models that power generative AI have the potential to change the world.
Goertzel believes that generative AI models — like the one that powers ChatGPT-have the potential to replace many tasks currently performed by human workers. Fast-food workers and news copy editors, for example, are impacted by AI.
“Tools like Grammarly decrease the need for human editors,” Goertzel said. “They don’t entirely eliminate the job but they decrease that need. Automatic tools can be used for writing journalistic articles. They’ve been writing. . . sports score summaries and weather reports for a long time.”
Despite this, he identifies two main areas AI will not replace: jobs that rely on human interaction and require groundbreaking creativity.
“So one class of things that won’t be eliminated are jobs where the essence is human contact,” like preschool teachers, political strategists, and artists.
Generative AI chatbots are so powerful that it’s difficult to avoid wondering whether the system is conscious.
Goertzel says it doesn’t matter.
“I don’t think we need to resolve the open questions in the philosophy of consciousness to build human-level or even superhuman thinking machines,” he said. “But I think we can make these questions feel irrelevant.”
Goertzel’s insights open a door to understanding the future of AI, and his optimism about the potential of AI to revolutionize the world serves as a powerful reminder of the impact AI may have on society. Whether viewed with excitement or caution, the advancements in AI will surely cause deep thought and discussion for years to come.
1．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Remove. B．Repeat. C．Improve. D．Solve.
2．Who are likely to be replaced by AI according to Ben Goertzel
A．Artists. B．Fast-food workers.
C．Preschool teachers. D．Political strategists.
3．What is Goertzel’s attitude toward a superhuman thinking machine
A．He likes it. B．He thinks it puzzling.
C．He doesn’t accept it as part of his life. D．He suggests putting its philosophical questions aside.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．A World-Changing Breakthrough in AI B．The Potential of AI in Fast-food Industry
C．Ben Goertzel’s Opinions on the Impact of AI D．The Advancements in Generative AI
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了认知科学家Ben Goertzel表示，他相信为生成人工智能提供动力的新的大型语言模型有可能改变世界。
1．词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句话““Tools like Grammarly decrease the need for human editors,” Goertzel said. (Goertzel说：“像Grammarly这样的工具减少了对人工编辑的需求。”)”以及划线单词所在的后半句话“but they decrease that need (但减少了这种需求)”可知，像Grammarly这样的工具只是减少了对人工编辑的需求，但是并没有完全的消除这种需求，所以划线的单词意为“消除”。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Goertzel believes that generative AI models—like the one that powers ChatGPT-have the potential to replace many tasks currently performed by human workers. Fast-food workers and news copy editors, for example, are impacted by AI. (Goertzel认为，生成人工智能模型——比如为ChatGPT提供动力的模型——有可能取代目前由人类工作者执行的许多任务。例如，快餐工人和新闻编辑都受到AI的影响。)”以及第五段““So one class of things that won’t be eliminated are jobs where the essence is human contact,” like preschool teachers, political strategists, and artists. (“因此，一类不会被淘汰的东西是本质上与人接触的工作，”比如学前教师、政治战略家和艺术家。)”可知，快餐工人的工作最有可能被人工智能所取代。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第八段““I don’t think we need to resolve the open questions in the philosophy of consciousness to build human-level or even superhuman thinking machines,” he said. “But I think we can make these questions feel irrelevant.” (他说：“我认为我们不需要解决意识哲学中的悬而未决的问题来构建人类层面甚至超人的思维机器。”。“但我认为我们可以让这些问题变得无关紧要。”)”可推知， Goertzel对于超人思维机器，可以先不考虑这个哲学意识上的问题。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了认知科学家Ben Goertzel对于目前AI技术的看法，他认为AI有可能会改变世界。所以“Ben Goertzel关于人工智能影响的观点”适合作本文的标题。故选C。
I have spent the last few months with Yang, my new dog, one I am co-raising to be a service dog. He will stay with me for 14 months or so. If he proves to be good enough, he will be sent to the guide dog school for further training and eventually become a seeing-eye dog.
Dogs help people in lots of ways, but service dogs are different from working dogs, therapy (治疗) dogs, and emotional support animals. Service dogs are trained to do specific tasks for people with disabilities. They can pull wheelchairs, get medicine, remind you to take your medicine, help keep you stable while walking, and alert (警示) you to important sounds or dangerous things in your way. Service dogs have lots of different skills, depending on the disability they are trained for.
No matter how you get a service dog, they usually go through a tough training program with an experienced trainer. In the last month of training, the service dog spends time with you and the instructor. The instructor teaches the dog to help you, and tells you how to command, handle, and care for the dog.
Service dogs need obeying skills and other very special skills. When you think about how to get a service dog, consider finding one with relevant characters. They should be calm, be able to learn and hold onto information. To train a service dog, you should start with basic skills like focusing on you, ignoring disturbing factors and being able to stay on task in new places with new people, smells, and animals.
It’s important to keep your dog healthy so that they can best help you. Give your dog access to plenty of fresh water and a balanced diet, and keep their vaccinations (疫苗) updated. Yearly visits to the vet are also important to make sure you catch any changes in your dog’s health.
5．Why does the author mention Yang in paragraph 1
A．To show his emotions. B．To present a mystery.
C．To describe his daily life. D．To introduce the main topic.
6．Who is advised to keep a service dog
A．A healthy animal lover. B．A person with sight disability.
C．A person requiring emotional support. D．A policeman performing a special task.
7．Which of the following is among the basic skills for a service dog
A．Helping the owner to remain calm.
B．Learning to analyzing information.
C．Focusing on disturbing surroundings.
D．Handling different situations and areas.
8．What is the suitable title of the text
A．Caring for Animals B．Helping the Disabled
C．Keeping a Service Dog D．Training a Special Dog
【答案】5．D 6．B 7．D 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了服务犬，包括其任务、训练、养护等。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“I have spent the last few months with Yang, my new dog, one I am co-raising to be a service dog. He will stay with me for 14 months or so. If he proves to be good enough, he will be sent to the guide dog school for further training and eventually become a seeing-eye dog.(在过去的几个月里，我一直和我的新狗Yang在一起，这是我正在共同饲养的一只服务犬。它将在我身边待14个月左右。如果它表现得足够好，它将被送到导盲犬学校接受进一步的训练，最终成为一只导盲犬。)”并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍服务犬，第一段提到自己最近养的犬，如果它足够好，将被送去训练成为一只导盲犬。由此可推知，第一段的目的是为了引出文章主题。故选D项。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Service dogs are trained to do specific tasks for people with disabilities. They can pull wheelchairs, get medicine, remind you to take your medicine, help keep you stable while walking, and alert(警示) you to important sounds or dangerous things in your way.(服务犬被训练为残疾人执行特定任务。他们可以拉轮椅、拿药、提醒你吃药、帮助你走路时保持稳定、警示重要的声音或危险的事情。)”可知，服务犬帮助残疾人做特定的任务。由此推知，视力障碍人士可以养服务犬。故选B项。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段“To train a service dog, you should start with basic skills like focusing on you, ignoring disturbing factors and being able to stay on task in new places with new people, smells, and animals.(要训练一只服务犬，你应该从基本技能开始，比如专注于你、忽略干扰因素以及能够在有陌生的人、气味和动物的新地方完成任务。)”可知，服务犬能够在有陌生的人、气味和动物的新地方完成任务，即要应对不同的情况和区域。故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段作者结合自身饲养服务犬的经历引出话题；第二段讲述了服务犬的任务；第三、四段讲述了服务犬的训练；最后一段讲述了服务犬的养护。全文围绕“服务犬”展开，所以C项“饲养一只服务犬”最适合作本文标题。故选C项。
二、完形填空
Dan Price was the CEO of Gravity Payments, a financial services company. One day, he found out a friend was struggling 9 . The cost of living in Washington is 10 , and she just couldn’t make ends meet on her salary. However, Dan was already earning $ 1.1 million a year. He realized how 11 it was that he had so much while the people working under him were struggling.
This point was driven home when he 12 a McDonald’s handbook on the desk of employee Rosita Barlow. When asked, Rosita burst into tears and 13 that after she left work at Gravity, she went straight to her shifts (轮班) at McDonald’s. Some nights, she even stood 14 at the local food bank.
That’s when Dan decided to do something to stop income 15 in his company. In 2015, he cut his own pay by 90%, mortgaging (抵押) his two houses, and 16 his stocks and savings so that he could 17 every single employee’s pay to $ 70,000 a year!
More than a third of his employees saw their 18 double. Some feared productivity would decline if everyone was earning more, but the 19 turned out to be true. Dan’s employees began to truly thrive (奋发) once the stress of making ends meet was 20 from their everyday lives. Employees like Rosita were finally able to quit their second jobs and 21 their work, actually increasing 22 .
When COVID 19 hit the U. S, Dan’s company 23 financial difficulties. But what the employees decided 24 Dan! They chose to take a voluntary pay 25 of between 5% and 100% to keep Gravity going 26 . The pay cuts worked! Gravity was able to 27 from the economic downturn, and they recently restored all salaries to their pre-pandemic amount.
As the saying goes, a rising tide lifts all boats! Dan treated his employees well. And when it was their turn to 28 him, they didn’t let him down!
9．A．politically B．financially C．physically D．emotionally
10．A．reasonable B．predictable C．high D．low
11．A．unfair B．strange C．challenging D．harmful
12．A．forgot B．composed C．discovered D．reviewed
13．A．insisted B．argued C．suggested D．admitted
14．A．in peace B．in line C．in demand D．in relief
15．A．inequality B．growth C．credit D．limit
16．A．looking into B．taking over C．giving up D．showing off
17．A．earn B．raise C．collect D．reduce
18．A．market B．creativity C．salaries D．costs
19．A．opposite B．same C．following D．first
20．A．separated B．returned C．hidden D．removed
21．A．pass down B．focus on C．break down D．talk about
22．A．requirement B．competition C．risk D．productivity
23．A．suffered B．escaped C．concluded D．caused
24．A．disappointed B．astonished C．frightened D．amused
25．A．service B．reward C．check D．cut
26．A．public B．free C．strong D．quiet
27．A．recover B．change C．learn D．benefit
28．A．invite B．respect C．improve D．repay
【答案】
9．B 10．C 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．A 16．C 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．D 21．B 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是主人公丹在意识到自己公司薪资体系不公平的事实后，他把自己的工资削减了90%，抵押了自己的两套房子，放弃了自己的股票和存款，这样他就可以把每个员工的工资提高到每年7万美元。员工们提升了薪资待遇后可以全身心的投入到当前的工作，大大的提升了工作效率。但是在疫情的影响下，丹的公司遇到了财务危机，另丹惊讶的是，公司的员工自降薪资确保公司的发展。员工们对丹的回报最终并没有让他失望。这是一个困境中帮助与回报的一个故事。
9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他发现一个朋友经济困难。A. politically政治地；B. financially经济地；C. physically身体地；D. emotionally情感地。根据后文的“The cost of living in Washington is ___10____ , and she just couldn’t make ends meet on her salary.”可知该朋友是经济困难。故选B。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在华盛顿的生活费用很高，她的工资根本不够用。A. reasonable合理的；B. predictable可预测的；C. high高的；D. low低的。根据后文的“she just couldn’t make ends meet on her salary.”可知，生活成本很高。故选C。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他意识到这是多么不公平，他拥有这么多，而他手下的人却在苦苦挣扎。A. unfair不公平的；B. strange奇怪的；C. challenging困难的；D. harmful有害处的。根据后文的“he had so much while the people working under him were struggling.”可知，他赚这么多钱，而他的朋友以及手下的员工们却还在为生活而苦苦挣扎。他认为这是不公平的。故选A。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一点在他发现员工Rosita Barlow桌上的麦当劳手册时得到了印证。A. forgot忘记；B. composed构成；C. discovered发现；D. reviewed复习。根据后文的“a Mc Donald’s handbook on the desk of employee Rosita Barlow”可知，后文是他发现的东西。故选C。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当被问到这个问题时，罗西塔哭了起来，她承认在她离开Gravity公司后，她直接去麦当劳上班。A. insisted坚持；B. argued争论；C. suggested建议；D. admitted承认，准许。根据后文“after she left work at Gravity, she went straight to her shifts (轮班)at McDonald’s.”可知，这是罗西塔承认的事实。故选D。
14．考查介词短语辨析。句意：有些晚上，她甚至在当地的食品赈济处排队。A. in peace和平地，安宁地；B. in line排队；C. in demand要求地；D. in relief宽慰地。根据前文“This point was driven home when he ___12___ a Mc Donald’s handbook on the desk of employee Rosita Barlow.”可知，罗西塔在为生活而苦苦挣扎，同时负担不起高昂的生活成本，故在食品赈济处排队领取食物。故选B。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，丹决定做些什么来阻止公司的收入不平等。A. inequality不平等；B. growth成长；C. credit学分；D. limit限制。根据前文的“He realized how ___11___ it was that he had so much while the people working under him were struggling.”可知，他认为公司的薪酬体系是不公平的，故他做一些事情来阻止公司的收入不平等。故选A。
16．考查动词短语辨析。句意：2015年，他把自己的工资削减了90%，抵押了自己的两套房子，放弃了自己的股票和存款，这样他就可以把每个员工的工资提高到每年7万美元！A. looking into调查 ；B. taking over掌管；C. giving up放弃；D. showing off炫耀。根据上文“cut his own pay by 90%, mortgaging (抵押) his two houses”可知，他把自己的工资削减了90%，抵押了自己的两套房子，放弃了自己的股票和存款。故选C。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2015年，他把自己的工资削减了90%，抵押了自己的两套房子，放弃了自己的股票和存款，这样他就可以把每个员工的工资提高到每年7万美元！A. earn赚；B. raise提高；C. collect收集；D. reduce减少。根据下文“to $ 70,000 a year”可知，他把员工的工资提高到每年7万美元。故选B。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：超过三分之一的员工工资翻了一番。A. market市场；B. creativity创造力；C. salaries工资；D. costs成本。据前文的“every single employee’s pay to $70,000 a year!”可知，是提高了每个公司员工的工资到每年7万每年。故选C。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些人担心，如果每个人都赚得更多，生产率就会下降，但事实却恰恰相反。A. opposite相反的；B. same相同的；C. following接下来的；D. first第一个，首先的。根据前文“Some feared productivity would decline if everyone was earning more”和句中的but可知，前后句构成的是转折关系，即有些人担心每个人赚的多了，会降低生产效率，可是事实却恰恰相反。故选A。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dan的员工们在日常生活中摆脱了维持生计的压力后，才真正开始奋发工作。A. separated分离；B. returned回来；C. hidden隐藏；D. removed移走，摆脱。根据前文的“once the stress of making ends meet”可知，当员工们维持生计的压力摆脱之后，员工们开始真正的奋发工作。故选D。
21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：像罗西塔这样的员工终于可以辞掉第二份工作，专注于自己的工作，实际上提高了工作效率。A. pass down传递；B. focus on集中；C. break down出故障；D. talk about谈论。根据前文“Rosita were finally able to quit their second jobs”可知，Rosita辞掉了其他的工作可以专注于自己的工作。故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：像罗西塔这样的员工终于可以辞掉第二份工作，专注于自己的工作，实际上提高了工作效率。A. requirement要求；B. competition比赛；C. risk风险；D. productivity效率。根据前文的“Rosita were finally able to quit their second jobs and ___21___ their work,”可知，Rosita辞掉了第二份工作就能专注于当前的工作，工作效率会提升。故选D。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当新冠肺炎疫情席卷美国时，Dan的公司陷入了财务困境。A. suffered遭遇；B. escaped逃跑；C. concluded总结；D. caused导致。根据后文的“financial difficulties”可知，是Dan的公司遭遇了财务困境。故选A。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是员工们的决定让Dan大吃一惊！A. disappointed失望的；B. astonished惊讶的；C. frightened害怕的；D. amused逗乐的。根据后文的“They chose to take a voluntary pay ____25___ of between 5% and 100% to keep Gravity going ____26___ .”可知，他们选择自愿减薪5%到100%，以保持公司的强大。员工的决定让Dan大吃一惊，故选B。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们选择自愿减薪5%到100%，以保持公司的强大。A. service服务；B. reward回报；C. check核查；D. cut削减。根据后文的“The pay cuts worked!”可知，是员工们主动削减自己的薪资。故选D。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们选择自愿减薪5%到100%，以保持公司的强大。A. public公开的；B. free自由的；C. strong强大的；D. quiet安静的。根据后文的“Gravity was able to ___27___ from the economic downturn, and they recently restored all salaries to their pre-pandemic amount.”可知，员工们削减自己工资的目的是保证公司的强大。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gravity公司能够从经济衰退中复苏，最近他们将所有工资恢复到大流行前的水平。A. recover恢复；B. change改变；C. learn学习；D. benefit受益。根据前文的“The pay cuts worked!”可知，员工们自降工资的方法奏效了，故公司在经济衰退中得到了恢复。故选A。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当轮到他们报答他的时候，他们没有让他失望！A. invite邀请；B. respect尊敬；C. improve提升；D. repay回报。根据前文的“They chose to take a voluntary pay ___25___ of between 5% and 100% to keep Gravity going ___26___ . The pay cuts worked!”可知，员工们是回报Dan自降薪酬，员工们的报答没有让Dan失望。故选D。
拓展突破练
1. (2023年全国甲卷.阅读理解B篇) From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work _____________(reward) with 5 in pocket money.
【答案】was rewarded
【详解】考查被动态。句意：现年26岁的Terri，在6岁时，在学校期间跟随德里克去工地。一天的工作会得到5英镑的零花钱作为奖励。根据句意判断，时间发生在6岁，即过去时。所以此处用一般过去时。又因为a day’s work与reward”奖励”是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动态。所以填was rewarded。
2. (2023年全国甲卷.阅读理解D篇)As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they _____________(not see) in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
【答案】haven’t been seen
【详解】考查被动态。句意：随着灰熊将其栖息地扩大到一个世纪前或者更久没有出现过的地方，它们越来越多地被人类目击到。句中的谓语动词expand以及are为一般现在时，其中as引导的时间状语从句中，有一个where引导的定语从句，定语从句的时间状语为in a century or more,指代到现在为止的一个世纪左右，所以用现在完成时。又因为they与see为被动关系，所以此处用现在完成时的被动态。所以填haven’t been seen。
3. (2023年全国甲卷.语法填空) Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【答案】be employed
【详解】考查被动态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文学形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对需要真理的注意。proves后面that引导的是宾语从句，宾语从句中的主语为a simple literary form，谓语动词为情态动词can+实义动词，因为employ表示“利用”，所以a simple literary form与employ为被动关系，所以此处考查情态动词的被动态。所以填be employed。
4. (2023年全国乙卷.阅读理解C篇)It ____________(report) that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
【答案】is reported
【详解】考查被动态。句意：据报道称，坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降，约有一半的英国消费者希望在某种程度上改变或提高他们的烹饪水平。It为形式主语，that引导为真正的主语从句。主语从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时，所以“据报道”因该是现在的报道，所以填is reported。
5. (2023年北京卷.阅读理解A篇)Each week, participants _____________(ask) to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.
【答案】will be asked
【详解】考查被动态。句意：每周，参与者会被要求完成一个主题，即具体反思的任务。因为句中的时间状语each week，又因为文中这个动作是未来发生的，有一定的趋向性，所以选择用一般将来时的被动态。所以填will be asked。
6. (2023年北京卷.阅读理解C篇) Another is that loud and urgent matters _____________(give) too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more.
【答案】are given
【详解】考查被动态。句意：另外一个问题是，关注度高而紧迫的事情被赋予了太大的重要性，导致了人们忽视可能更重要的长期趋势。整个句子为一般现在时，同时loud and urgent matters为表语从句的主语，谓语动词应该是复数形式，所以填are given。
7. (2023年新课标全国I卷.阅读理解D篇)The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that _____________(allow) to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.
【答案】were allowed
【详解】考查被动态。句意：该研究的主要发现是，当群体进一步分成被允许讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比相同数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。The key finding of the study was 后面的that从句为表语从句，表语从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句，而that为定语从句，修饰先行词smaller groups, smaller groups与allow为被动关系，且主语为复数名词，另外，整个句子发生在过去，所以此处用一般过去时的被动态，所以填were allowed。
8. (2022年天津卷单项选择) Food and medical supplies______________(distribute) to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
【答案】were distributed
【详解】考查被动态。句意：上周日，飓风过后食品和医疗供应被分配到所有居民那里。句子中的时间状语 last Sunday，为一般过去时，又因为supplies为复数名词，所以用一般过去时的被动态。所以填were distributed。
9. (2022年天津卷.阅读理解C篇) A kind and sympathetic person frequently _____________(refer) to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock.
【答案】is referred
【详解】考查被动态。句意：一个善良而又富有同情心的人被称作是有着柔软心灵的人。在困难面前坚强又平静的人被描述为像坚固的石头一样的人。句中结构refer to...as…表示“把…称作…”，此处refer to的宾语为a kind and sympathetic person，当作主语时，应该用refer的被动态形式。整个句子是一般现在时，所以此处用一般现在时的被动态。所以填is referred。
10. (2022年北京卷.语法填空)However, a strong smell ______________(add) so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
【答案】is added
【详解】考查被动态。句意：然而，一股强烈的味道被增加进来，当我们发现这种味道很危险时，我们可以拉响警报。A strong smell 与add为被动关系，所以用被动态。因为句子中的谓语动词都是一般现在时，所以填is added。
第12页，共14页限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气：
06 主要时态的被动态
积累运用
主要时态的被动态
时态 相应的被动态
一般现在时do/does is/am/are done
一般过去时did was/were done
一般将来时will/shall do will/shall be done
过去将来时would do would be done
现在进行时is/am/are doing is/am/are being done
过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done
现在完成时has/have done has/have been done
过去完成时had done had been done
现在完成进行时has/have been doing 无
过去完成进行时had been doing 无
注意：
1. 现在完成时和过去完成时的标志性词或者固定用法。
(1)现在完成时：常见的标志性词或短语有so far, until now, up to now, till now, in/over the last/past+段时间，these days, by now …
用于结构It has been/is+时间段+since…
(2)过去完成时：常见的标志性词或短语有by+过去时间, by the time, before, when…
①用于结构It was the +序数词+time that…在that引导的从句中用过去完成时。
②用于结构Hardly/Scarcely…when…和No sooner…than…结构中，hardly, scarcely以及no sooner后谓语动词用过去完成时，when，than后面用一般过去时。表示“一…就…”
③表示意向的动词，如hope, expect, intend, mean, plan, think, suppose等使用过去完成时，并非表达过去的过去，而是表达对过去未曾实现动作的遗憾，表示“本…”。
④用于虚拟语气中，与过去事实相反的结构中。
与过去事实相反时，if引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成时had done, 主句谓语动词用would/could/should/might + have done。类似的虚拟语气用法还包括wish, as if。
根据括号内所给的词，完成下面的句子。
By the time the teacher came in, the first experiment__________(finish) .
2. The ancient building whose roof was badly damaged in the rainstorm _________(repair) now.
3. Both learning sites _______________ (visit) by over 10, 000 people since last year.
4. She returned home and found all the furniture_______________ (destroy) by the flood.
5. Many new inventions _____________ (exhibit) in the museum at this time last year.
6. It was reported that the sale_____________(advertise) for several weeks.
7. Hardly ________ the front door __________(open) when we could smell something burning.
8. Tom was told that his teammate won the race while he ____________________(treat) by the team doctor.
9. After all the preparations _______________(make), the exciting half-marathon began.
10. It was his strong communication skills which ____________(show) in the interview that finally won his position as the sales manager in this area.
11. At present the house _____________(paint) by some workers, so they cannot live here now.
12. The new suspension bridge ________(design) by the end of last month.
13. --- How was your weekend, Bella
--- Awful! It was the first time I __________(leave) alone at home, bored to death.
14. My car _____________________ (clean) by my son at ten yesterday morning.
15. He ___________(refuse) many times since he offered his CV.
一、阅读选择
A
According to cognitive scientist Ben Goertzel, the world is experiencing a historic moment in artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Goertzel acknowledges that there is plenty of hype (炒作) surrounding the technology but believes that the new large language models that power generative AI have the potential to change the world.
Goertzel believes that generative AI models — like the one that powers ChatGPT-have the potential to replace many tasks currently performed by human workers. Fast-food workers and news copy editors, for example, are impacted by AI.
“Tools like Grammarly decrease the need for human editors,” Goertzel said. “They don’t entirely eliminate the job but they decrease that need. Automatic tools can be used for writing journalistic articles. They’ve been writing. . . sports score summaries and weather reports for a long time.”
Despite this, he identifies two main areas AI will not replace: jobs that rely on human interaction and require groundbreaking creativity.
“So one class of things that won’t be eliminated are jobs where the essence is human contact,” like preschool teachers, political strategists, and artists.
Generative AI chatbots are so powerful that it’s difficult to avoid wondering whether the system is conscious.
Goertzel says it doesn’t matter.
“I don’t think we need to resolve the open questions in the philosophy of consciousness to build human-level or even superhuman thinking machines,” he said. “But I think we can make these questions feel irrelevant.”
Goertzel’s insights open a door to understanding the future of AI, and his optimism about the potential of AI to revolutionize the world serves as a powerful reminder of the impact AI may have on society. Whether viewed with excitement or caution, the advancements in AI will surely cause deep thought and discussion for years to come.
1．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Remove. B．Repeat. C．Improve. D．Solve.
2．Who are likely to be replaced by AI according to Ben Goertzel
A．Artists. B．Fast-food workers.
C．Preschool teachers. D．Political strategists.
3．What is Goertzel’s attitude toward a superhuman thinking machine
A．He likes it. B．He thinks it puzzling.
C．He doesn’t accept it as part of his life. D．He suggests putting its philosophical questions aside.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．A World-Changing Breakthrough in AI B．The Potential of AI in Fast-food Industry
C．Ben Goertzel’s Opinions on the Impact of AI D．The Advancements in Generative AI
B
I have spent the last few months with Yang, my new dog, one I am co-raising to be a service dog. He will stay with me for 14 months or so. If he proves to be good enough, he will be sent to the guide dog school for further training and eventually become a seeing-eye dog.
Dogs help people in lots of ways, but service dogs are different from working dogs, therapy (治疗) dogs, and emotional support animals. Service dogs are trained to do specific tasks for people with disabilities. They can pull wheelchairs, get medicine, remind you to take your medicine, help keep you stable while walking, and alert (警示) you to important sounds or dangerous things in your way. Service dogs have lots of different skills, depending on the disability they are trained for.
No matter how you get a service dog, they usually go through a tough training program with an experienced trainer. In the last month of training, the service dog spends time with you and the instructor. The instructor teaches the dog to help you, and tells you how to command, handle, and care for the dog.
Service dogs need obeying skills and other very special skills. When you think about how to get a service dog, consider finding one with relevant characters. They should be calm, be able to learn and hold onto information. To train a service dog, you should start with basic skills like focusing on you, ignoring disturbing factors and being able to stay on task in new places with new people, smells, and animals.
It’s important to keep your dog healthy so that they can best help you. Give your dog access to plenty of fresh water and a balanced diet, and keep their vaccinations (疫苗) updated. Yearly visits to the vet are also important to make sure you catch any changes in your dog’s health.
5．Why does the author mention Yang in paragraph 1
A．To show his emotions. B．To present a mystery.
C．To describe his daily life. D．To introduce the main topic.
6．Who is advised to keep a service dog
A．A healthy animal lover. B．A person with sight disability.
C．A person requiring emotional support. D．A policeman performing a special task.
7．Which of the following is among the basic skills for a service dog
A．Helping the owner to remain calm.
B．Learning to analyzing information.
C．Focusing on disturbing surroundings.
D．Handling different situations and areas.
8．What is the suitable title of the text
A．Caring for Animals B．Helping the Disabled
C．Keeping a Service Dog D．Training a Special Dog
二、完形填空
Dan Price was the CEO of Gravity Payments, a financial services company. One day, he found out a friend was struggling 9 . The cost of living in Washington is 10 , and she just couldn’t make ends meet on her salary. However, Dan was already earning $ 1.1 million a year. He realized how 11 it was that he had so much while the people working under him were struggling.
This point was driven home when he 12 a McDonald’s handbook on the desk of employee Rosita Barlow. When asked, Rosita burst into tears and 13 that after she left work at Gravity, she went straight to her shifts (轮班) at McDonald’s. Some nights, she even stood 14 at the local food bank.
That’s when Dan decided to do something to stop income 15 in his company. In 2015, he cut his own pay by 90%, mortgaging (抵押) his two houses, and 16 his stocks and savings so that he could 17 every single employee’s pay to $ 70,000 a year!
More than a third of his employees saw their 18 double. Some feared productivity would decline if everyone was earning more, but the 19 turned out to be true. Dan’s employees began to truly thrive (奋发) once the stress of making ends meet was 20 from their everyday lives. Employees like Rosita were finally able to quit their second jobs and 21 their work, actually increasing 22 .
When COVID 19 hit the U. S, Dan’s company 23 financial difficulties. But what the employees decided 24 Dan! They chose to take a voluntary pay 25 of between 5% and 100% to keep Gravity going 26 . The pay cuts worked! Gravity was able to 27 from the economic downturn, and they recently restored all salaries to their pre-pandemic amount.
As the saying goes, a rising tide lifts all boats! Dan treated his employees well. And when it was their turn to 28 him, they didn’t let him down!
9．A．politically B．financially C．physically D．emotionally
10．A．reasonable B．predictable C．high D．low
11．A．unfair B．strange C．challenging D．harmful
12．A．forgot B．composed C．discovered D．reviewed
13．A．insisted B．argued C．suggested D．admitted
14．A．in peace B．in line C．in demand D．in relief
15．A．inequality B．growth C．credit D．limit
16．A．looking into B．taking over C．giving up D．showing off
17．A．earn B．raise C．collect D．reduce
18．A．market B．creativity C．salaries D．costs
19．A．opposite B．same C．following D．first
20．A．separated B．returned C．hidden D．removed
21．A．pass down B．focus on C．break down D．talk about
22．A．requirement B．competition C．risk D．productivity
23．A．suffered B．escaped C．concluded D．caused
24．A．disappointed B．astonished C．frightened D．amused
25．A．service B．reward C．check D．cut
26．A．public B．free C．strong D．quiet
27．A．recover B．change C．learn D．benefit
28．A．invite B．respect C．improve D．repay
拓展突破练
1. (2023年全国甲卷.阅读理解B篇) From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work _____________(reward) with 5 in pocket money.
2. (2023年全国甲卷.阅读理解D篇)As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they _____________(not see) in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
3. (2023年全国甲卷.语法填空) Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
4. (2023年全国乙卷.阅读理解C篇)It ____________(report) that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
5. (2023年北京卷.阅读理解A篇)Each week, participants _____________(ask) to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.
6. (2023年北京卷.阅读理解C篇) Another is that loud and urgent matters _____________(give) too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more.
7. (2023年新课标全国I卷.阅读理解D篇)The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that _____________(allow) to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.
8. (2022年天津卷单项选择) Food and medical supplies______________(distribute) to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
9. (2022年天津卷.阅读理解C篇) A kind and sympathetic person frequently _____________(refer) to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock.
10. (2022年北京卷.语法填空)However, a strong smell ______________(add) so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
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