Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy(精选名校阅读好题26篇)
锻炼健身基础篇
方法策略
Passage 1
(2024·云南昭通·高一校考期中)Nowadays, children spend less time in the fresh air. Many of them are addicted to a screen either on a computer or a TV—they seem to be living in a virtual world. They have lost touch with nature.
But now 400 organizations in the UK, from playgroups to the National Health Service, are encouraging children to have some “wild time”. They want kids to swap at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing computer games for time playing outside. Activities such as building dens, climbing trees, rummaging for conkers and playing hide and seek are just some of the things kids can do. Even if they live in a city, they can go on adventures in the garden or the park.
Children often need a helping hand from mum and dad. They need to be shown what to do and where to go. Andy Simpson from National Health Service says, “We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids’ development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a go.”
So despite the complicated world that young people grow up in now, it seems that going back to basics and experiencing “nature’s playground” is what modern children need. David Bond from Project Wild Thing says, “We need to make more space for wild time in children’s daily routine, freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted.”
This might sound a bit old-fashioned to you or maybe, like me, it’s made you think about sticking on your boots, getting outdoors and reliving your childhood. There’s no age limit on enjoying yourself!
1. What makes children lose touch with nature
A. Playing hide and seek. B. Going on adventures in parks.
C. Building dens frequently. D. Being addicted to a screen.
2. In Andy Simpson’s opinion, who should be persuaded to see the effect of wild time
A. Teachers. B. Parents. C. Children. D. Experts.
3. What might David probably agree
A. What modern children need is spiritual satisfaction.
B. Children always take it for granted to play outside.
C. Children need more time to get close to nature.
D. Parents should make larger rooms for kids to study.
4. What can be inferred from this passage
A. People at any age can enjoy wild time. B. Watching TV is a good way to learn about nature.
C. Everyone lives in a high-pressure world. D. Adults all desire to go back to childhood.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国有400多个组织呼吁孩子们花费一些时间在户外玩耍，孩子们需要家长的引导和支持，需要更多的时间与大自然接触，以促进他们的发展、独立性和创造力。作者呼吁人们回归到往日的童年时光，去探索大自然的乐趣。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Nowadays, children spend less time in the fresh air. Many of them are addicted to a screen either on a computer or a TV—they seem to be living in a virtual world. They have lost touch with nature.(如今，孩子们接触新鲜空气的时间越来越少了。他们中的许多人沉迷于电脑或电视屏幕——他们似乎生活在一个虚拟的世界里。他们与大自然失去了联系。)”可知，孩子们之所以接触自然的时间越来越少，是因为很多孩子沉迷于电脑或者电视屏幕。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Andy Simpson from National Health Service says, “We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids’ development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a go.”(国家卫生服务机构的Andy Simpson说：“我们希望家长们尝试一下这种神奇的户外活动对孩子的发展、独立性和创造力能带来的好处。”)”可知，Andy Simpson呼吁父母能够看到神奇的户外活动对孩子的发展、独立性和创造力能带来的好处。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“David Bond from Project Wild Thing says, “We need to make more space for wild time in children’s daily routine, freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted.”(来自“野性计划”的David Bond说：“我们需要在孩子们的日常生活中为狂野留出更多的空间，让这一代孩子有机会体验我们许多人认为理所当然的事情。”)”可知，David Bond认为孩子们需要更多的时间去亲近大自然。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This might sound a bit old-fashioned to you or maybe, like me, it’s made you think about sticking on your boots, getting outdoors and reliving your childhood. There’s no age limit on enjoying yourself!(这对你来说可能听起来有点过时，或者像我一样，这让你想到穿上靴子，到户外去，重温童年。享受生活没有年龄限制！)”可知，到户外去，重温童年，享受生活没有年龄限制即任何年龄的人都可以享受狂野的时光。故选A。
Passage 2
(2024·四川宜宾·高一宜宾市叙州区第一中学校校考期中)For people suffering from depression, there’s an all-natural treatment they should use—getting more exercise. It could help fight depression, even if people have a genetic risk, new research shows.
For the study, researchers collected information from nearly 8,000 people and found those with related genes were more likely to have depression over the next two years after examining them. But that was less likely for people who were more active at the study’s start, even if they had a family history of depression. Higher levels of physical activity helped protect even those with the highest genetic risk of depression.
Both high-intensity(高强度) exercise and low-intensity activities were associated with a reduced risk of depression. Adding four hours of exercise a week could lower the risk of a new episode(一段经历) of depression by 17%, according to the study. “Our findings strongly suggest that, when it comes to depression, being physically active has the potential to remove the added risk of future episodes in individuals who are genetically risky,” said lead author Karmel Choi. “On average, about 35 additional minutes of physical activity each day may help people to reduce their risk and protect against future depression episodes.”
Depression is a common mental illness globally, with more than 264 million people affected. “Depression is so ubiquitous, and that underlines the need for effective approaches that can impact as many people as possible,” Choi said. And mental health and primary care providers can use the findings to advise patients that there’s something meaningful they can do to lower their risk of depression.
5. How did the researchers reach their conclusion
A. By analyzing a mass of data.
B. By conducting genetic research.
C. By comparing various levels of activity.
D. By tracking the subjects for many years.
6. What does the study show about depression
A. Physical activity betters medical treatment.
B. Exercise is able to decrease and prevent it.
C. Different levels of exercise intensity matter the same.
D. Exercising 35 minutes daily is the most effective treatment.
7. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Harmful. B. Unusual.
C. Common. D. Complex.
8. What is the purpose of the text
A. To discuss a disease of depression.
B. To explain a phenomenon of depression.
C. To analyze a genetic risk of depression.
D. To introduce a method to lower the risk of depression.
【答案】5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新的研究表明，运动可以减少和预防人们患抑郁症的可能性，甚至是有遗传风险的人。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For the study, researchers collected information from nearly 8,000 people and found those with related genes were more likely to have depression over the next two years after examining them.(在这项研究中，研究人员收集了近8000人的信息，在对他们进行检查后发现，拥有相关基因的人在未来两年内患抑郁症的可能性更大。)”可知，研究人员通过收集和分析大量的数据得出结论。故选A。
6. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“On average, about 35 additional minutes of physical activity each day may help people to reduce their risk and protect against future depression episodes.(平均而言，每天大约35分钟的额外体育活动可以帮助人们降低患抑郁症的风险，并预防未来的抑郁症发作。)”可知，该研究显示运动能够减少和预防抑郁症。故选B。
7. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段划线词前的句子“Depression is a common mental illness globally (抑郁症是全球常见的精神疾病)”可知，抑郁症是很常见的，划线词ubiquitous的意思是“常见的”，和common意思相近，故选C。
8. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其结合第一段中的“For people suffering from depression, there’s an all-natural treatment they should use—getting more exercise.(对于患有抑郁症的人来说，他们应该使用一种纯天然的治疗方法——多锻炼。)”可知，文章主要围绕一项新的研究展开，该研究发现运动可以帮助人们对抗抑郁症。因此，文章的目的在于介绍一种降低抑郁风险的方法。故选D。
Passage 3
(2024·福建·高一福建省罗源第一中学校联考期中)For centuries, people in the sunny Mediterranean(地中海) would get up after long, relaxing meals and take a walk, often to the town square to see neighbors and socialize. Walking is so much a part of the lifestyle that it is seen as the most important part of the super-healthy Mediterranean diet.
Studies have found that it may be one of the reasons the Mediterranean diet can reduce the risk for some diseases like diabetes, high cholesterol, heart disease, stroke and some cancers – all the while strengthening bones, improving brain health, preventing dementia(痴呆) and helping with healthy weight loss.
Now you can add another reason to take a post-meal walk – it may lower your blood sugar. That trip doesn’t need to take up a huge amount of your time either: Walking as little as two to five minutes after a meal can do, according to a 2022 study in the journal Sports Medicine.
Standing after a meal can help, too, but not as much as putting one foot in front of the other, said study coauthor Aidan Buffey, a doctoral student in sport sciences department at the University of Limerick in Ireland.
“Standing on and off throughout the day and after meals reduced blood sugar on average by 9.51% compared to long hours of sitting. However, light-walking throughout the day saw a greater reduction of blood sugar by an average of 17.01% compared to long hours of sitting,” Buffey said.
“This suggests that breaking long hours of sitting with standing and light-walking throughout the day is good for blood sugar levels. Standing is good, but walking is better,” he added.
9. What benefits can the Mediterranean diet bring to people EXCEPT ______
A. Losing appropriate weight B. Making bones stronger
C. Preventing the risk for diseases D. Improving brain health
10. What does “putting one foot in front of the other” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Standing. B. Sitting. C. Walking. D. Lying.
11. How did Aidan Buffey draw his conclusion
A. By doing surveys(调查). B. By comparing the data(数据).
C. By doing experiment. D. By referring to other studies.
12. What is the best title for the text
A. Walking can help lower blood sugar B. There are reasons to stick to walking
C. Mediterranean diet is super healthy D. Long hours of sitting after meal is a bad habit
【答案】9. C 10. C 11. B 12. A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明饭后散步有助于稳定血糖，且介绍了饭后散步的好处以及相关研究。
9. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Studies have found that it may be one of the reasons the Mediterranean diet can reduce the risk for some diseases like diabetes, high cholesterol, heart disease, stroke and some cancers – all the while strengthening bones, improving brain health, preventing dementia (痴呆) and helping with healthy weight loss. (研究发现，这可能是地中海饮食可以降低某些疾病(如糖尿病、高胆固醇、心脏病、中风和某些癌症)风险的原因之一，同时还能增强骨骼、改善大脑健康、预防痴呆和帮助健康减肥。)”可知，A项、B项和D项都有所提及，只有原文中说到的“the Mediterranean diet can reduce the risk for some diseases like diabetes (地中海饮食可以降低患糖尿病等疾病的风险)”是减少患病风险，而不是C项中的Preventing the risk for diseases(杜绝患病风险)，故选C。
10. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Standing after a meal can help, too, but not as much as putting one foot in front of the other (饭后站着也有帮助，但不如putting one foot in front of the other)”和第五段““Standing on and off throughout the day and after meals reduced blood sugar on average by 9.51% compared to long hours of sitting. However, light-walking throughout the day saw a greater reduction of blood sugar by an average of 17.01% compared to long hours of sitting,” Buffey said. (Buffey说：“与长时间坐着相比，整天站着或饭后站着平均能降低9.51%的血糖。然而，与长时间坐着相比，一天中轻走的血糖平均降低了17.01%。”)”可推知，散步比饭后站着更有效，putting one foot in front of the other指的是散步。故选C。
11. 推理判断题。根据第五段““Standing on and off throughout the day and after meals reduced blood sugar on average by 9.51% compared to long hours of sitting. However, light-walking throughout the day saw a greater reduction of blood sugar by an average of 17.01% compared to long hours of sitting,” Buffey said. ( Buffey说：“与长时间坐着相比，整天站着或饭后站着平均能降低9.51%的血糖。然而，与长时间坐着相比，一天中轻走的血糖平均降低了17.01%。”)”可知，Aidan Buffey是通过将久坐不动的人的血糖水平与偶尔站立并饭后散步的人的血糖水平的数据进行对比得出结论的。故选B。
12. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“Now you can add another reason to take a post-meal walk – it may lower your blood sugar. (现在你又多了一个饭后散步的理由——它可以降低你的血糖。)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究表明饭后散步有助于稳定血糖，且介绍了饭后散步的好处以及相关研究。A选项“Walking can help lower blood sugar (散步有助于降低血糖)”最符合文章标题。故选A。
Passage 4
(2024·北京·高一北京交通大学附属中学校考期中)As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of non-aerobic exercise-balance training and weight training-three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic(有氧的) exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
13. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A. The right way of exercising. B. The aging process of the heart.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The causes of a heart attack.
14. What does Levine’s research find
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
15. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
【答案】13. B 14. A 15. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了锻炼对于心脏的好处。
13. 推理判断题。根据第二段““Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart.(“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化)”可推知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程。故选B。
14. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The second group did high-intensity aerobic (有氧的) exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.(第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四天或四天以上的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组患者的心脏健康状况显著改善)”可知，Levine的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻。故选A。
15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.(但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响)”可推知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。
Passage 5
(2024·河南洛阳·高一洛阳市第一高级中学校考联考)When you walk in a Chinese city early in the morning, you’re likely to see groups of people exercising in the park. You’ll see them moving through a series of slow graceful movements. As their bodies flow from one exercise to the next, their minds are focused only on their deep, relaxed breathing.
Tai chi is part of national cultural heritage(遗产) which Chinese people take pride in. This ancient mind-body exercise is known as tai chi, and you don’t have to live in China to benefit from it. According to a survey in 2007, more than 2 million Americans are currently practicing tai chi.
Tai chi is called a mind-body type of exercise because it combines meditation, focused breathing, and physical movement. Because it’s also a low-impact(低强度的) exercise, it may be particularly suitable for older adults, but it’s a beneficial exercise for people of all ages.
Tai chi developed in China as a type of martial art. Today tai chi is used to develop fitness, meditation, balance, breathing, and well-being.
If tai chi is something you might like to try, look for a tai chi class near you. Keep in mind that training programs are different in many ways. You might want to ask around for a recommendation or try a class before you sign up. Ask potential tai chi instructors about their training and experience.
Tai chi is generally considered a low-risk exercise that is both safe and enjoyable. If you have any physical or medical problems, talk with your health care provider before starting any exercise program. And remember, although tai chi has many benefits, it can’t take the place of regular medical care.
16. Why does the author give the example in paragraph 1
A. To describe a scene.
B. To introduce the topic.
C. To summarize the text.
D. To guide the readers around the city.
17. What can we know from paragraph 2
A. Some foreigners are interested in tai chi.
B. Tai chi makes people happy, wise and energetic.
C. Chinese people don’t take tai chi seriously now.
D. Tai chi was considered a way to lengthen one’s life.
18. What does the underlined word “meditation” mean
A. Hard training. B. Deep thinking.
C. Body stretching. D. Violent exercising.
19. Who may benefit from practicing tai chi
A. Old people. B. The patients.
C. Young people. D. People of all ages.
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. B 19. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国传统文化形式——太极；介绍了太极作为世界文化遗产在国外受欢迎，以及太极的运动形式。
16. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“You’ll see them moving through a series of slow graceful movements. As their bodies flow from one exercise to the next, their minds are focused only on their deep, relaxed breathing. (你会看到他们通过一系列缓慢优雅的动作移动。当他们的身体从一个运动流到另一个运动时，他们的思想只集中在深而放松的呼吸上。)”描述了人们正在做太极运动的画面，以及下文介绍的是太极运动，可推知本段的目的是引出本文的话题。故选B。
17. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“According to a survey in 2007, more than 2 million Americans are currently practicing tai chi. (根据2007年的一项调查，目前有超过200万美国人在练习太极拳。)”可知，在国外有很多人练习太极；外国人也对太极感兴趣。故选A。
18. 词义猜测提。根据文章第三段“Tai chi is called a mind-body type of exercise because it combines meditation, focused breathing, and physical movement. (太极拳被称为一种身心运动，因为它结合了冥想、集中呼吸和身体运动。)”太极被称为一项身心运动，后句中讲到集中呼吸和身体运动，所以前文应该与意识有关，所以应该是冥想、沉思。故选B。
19. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Because it’s also a low-impact (低强度的) exercise, it may be particularly suitable for older adults, but it’s a beneficial exercise for people of all ages. (因为这也是一种低强度的运动，它可能特别适合老年人，但它对所有年龄段的人都是有益的运动。)”可知，所以太极对所有年龄段的人都是有益的。故选D。
Passage 6
(2024·四川绵阳·高一四川绵阳联考)There’s more evidence that what’s good for your heart is good for your head. A new study shows that people who run, swim or do other moderate intensity(中等强度) exercise have brains that look, on average, 10 years younger than the brains of couch potatoes.
“Our study showed that for older people, getting moderate intensity exercise may be protective, helping them keep their brains work better,” said Dr. Clinton Wright of the University of Miami, who led the study. But it’s not necessarily easy. Walking, golf, bowling and yoga don’t count, and people need to start before they begin showing memory loss, Wright’s team reported in the journal Neurology.
The study of nearly 900 people who exercise regularly showed that 90 percent fell into the low-intensity group. These people are part of a larger group taking part in a bigger study called Northern Manhattan Study. They were asked how long and how often they exercised during the past two weeks. Five years later, they were tested for memory and thinking skills and got a brain MRI(核磁共振). Seven years after that, they took the memory and thinking tests again. The 10 percent who said they took part in moderate intensity exercise scored better on the tests. These included running, climbing, swimming, riding bicycles and so on.
“We found that those with moderate intensity activity had higher scores and slower memory decline(下降) than inactive people when comparing the results,” the study team wrote.
Many studies have shown that exercise may not prevent Alzheimer’s disease but may delay it. The findings fit in with a study that found two years of exercising, eating healthier food and brain training can promote people’s memory function.
20. What can we learn from the study
A. High-intensity exercise is better.
B. Ten people scored best on the tests.
C. Only 900 people took part in the bigger study.
D. Most people surveyed took low-intensity exercise.
21. How did the study team come to the conclusion
A. By using examples. B. By doing a brain MRI.
C. By making a comparison. D. By observing people exercise.
22. What do we know from the last paragraph
A. The findings fit in with the study of healthy food.
B. Exercise can put off the beginning of memory decline.
C. Exercise will definitely strengthen people’s memory.
D. Alzheimer’s disease may be held back by exercise.
23. What’s the main idea of this passage
A. To exercise or not remains to be seen.
B. How to keep healthy is very important.
C. There are many ways to make your brain work better.
D. Moderate intensity exercise keeps your brain younger.
【答案】20. D 21. C 22. B 23. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究发现中等强度的锻炼让人的大脑更年轻。
20. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The study of nearly 900 people who exercise regularly showed that 90 percent fell into the low-intensity group.(对近900名经常锻炼的人的研究表明，90%的人属于低强度组。)”可知，在被调查的经常运动的900人中，由90%的人属于低强度组，由此可知，被调查的人中大部分从事低强度运动。故选D项。
21. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The 10 percent who said they took part in moderate intensity exercise scored better on the tests. These included running, climbing, swimming, riding bicycles and so on.(10%的人说他们参加了中等强度的运动，在测试中得分更高。这些运动包括跑步、爬山、游泳、骑自行车等等。)”可知，从事中等强度运动的10%的被研究对象的得分更高，结合第四段中的““We found that those with moderate intensity activity had higher scores and slower memory decline(下降) than inactive people when comparing the results,” the study team wrote.(研究小组写道：“我们发现，与不运动的人相比，运动强度适中的人得分更高，记忆力下降得更慢。”)”可知，研究发现，与不活跃的人相比，运动适当的人得分更高，记忆力下降的更慢，由以上可知，本文中的研究是通过对比得出研究的结论。故选C项。
22. 细节理解题。根据尾段“Many studies have shown that exercise may not prevent Alzheimer’s disease but may delay it. The findings fit in with a study that found two years of exercising, eating healthier food and brain training can promote people’s memory function.(许多研究表明，运动可能不能阻止阿尔茨海默病，但可能会延缓它的发生。这一发现与一项研究相吻合，该研究发现，两年的锻炼、健康饮食和大脑训练可以促进人们的记忆功能。)”可知，这一发现与多项研究表明，运动不会阻止阿尔茨海默病的发生，但可以减缓该疾病的发生，还可以促进人们的记忆功能。故选B项。
23. 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“A new study shows that people who run, swim or do other moderate intensity(中等强度) exercise have brains that look, on average, 10 years younger than the brains of couch potatoes.(一项新的研究表明，跑步、游泳或做其他中等强度运动的人的大脑看起来比沙发土豆的大脑平均年轻10岁。)”并结合下文对该项研究的介绍可知，本文介绍的是一项新的研究发现，中等强度的运动可以使人的大脑更年轻。故选D项。
Passage 7
(2024·福建福州·高一福建省福清第一中学校联考)Though diet and exercise are recommended as ways to improve health, new UCR research is the first to examine the long-lasting, combined effects of both factors when they are experienced early in life. “Any time you go to a doctor with concerns about your weight, almost without fail, the doctor recommends that you exercise and eat less, ”said researcher Marcell Cadney. “That’s why it’s surprising most studies only look at diet or exercise separately. In this study, we wanted to include both,” he said.
The researchers found that early-life exercise led to reduced anxious behaviors and an increase in adult muscle and brain mass. When fed Western-style diets high in fat and sugar, the mice not only became fatter, but also grew into adults that preferred unhealthy food.
To obtain the findings, the researchers divided the young mice into four groups—those with access to exercise, those without access, those fed a standard, healthy diet and those who ate a Western diet. Mice started on their diets immediately after weaning(断奶), and continued with them for three weeks until they reached adulthood. After an additional eight weeks of “washout”, during which all mice were housed without wheels and on a healthy diet, the researchers did a behavioral analysis and measured levels of several different hormones.
One of those they measured, leptin, is produced by fat cells. It helps control bodyweight by increasing energy consumption and signaling that less food is required. Early-life exercise increased adult leptin levels in adult mice, regardless of the diet they ate.
Previously, the research team found that eating too much fat and sugar as a child can change the microbiome(微生物群) for life, even if they later eat healthier. Going forward, the team plans to study whether fat or sugar is more responsible for the negative effects they measured in Western-diet-fed mice.
This study offers great opportunities for health interventions in childhood habits. “Our findings may be related to understanding the potential effects of activity reductions and dietary changes associated with overweight,” said Marcell.
24. What is special about the new UCR research
A. It takes both exercise and diet into account.
B. It is the first to study the effect of exercise.
C. It finds the relation between health and diet.
D. It gives equal importance to physical and mental health.
25. What may early-life exercise contribute to
A. Stronger bones. B. A desire for healthy food.
C. A peaceful mind. D. The various microbiome for life.
26. What is mainly discussed about the research in Paragraph 3
A. Its process. B. Its importance. C. Its objective. D. Its results.
27. The underlined word “leptin” in Paragraph 4 refers to a type of ________.
A. Behavior. B. Mouse. C. Diet. D. Hormone.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. A 27. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，早年的锻炼可以减少焦虑行为，增加成年后的肌肉和大脑质量，而从小吃高脂肪和高糖西餐的人不仅会变胖，而且长大后也更喜欢不健康食物。这项研究为孩子习惯的健康干涉提供了很好的机会。
24. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘That’s why it’s surprising most studies only look at diet or exercise separately. In this study, we wanted to include both,’ he said.(他说：‘这就是为什么令人惊讶地大多数研究只单独研究饮食或锻炼。在这项研究中，我们希望将两者都包括在内。’)”可知，这项研究的特别之处在于它同时考虑了锻炼和饮食。故选A。
25. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The researchers found that early-life exercise led to reduced anxious behaviors and an increase in adult muscle and brain mass.(研究人员发现，早年的运动会减少焦虑行为，增加成年小鼠的肌肉和大脑质量。)”可知，早年的运动会减少焦虑行为，由此可推测出，这对心理健康有好处，会让人有助于拥有平和的心态。故选C。
26. 段落大意题。根据第三段中的“To obtain the findings, the researchers divided the young mice into four groups—those with access to exercise, those without access, those fed a standard, healthy diet and those who ate a Western diet.(为了获得这些发现，研究人员将这些幼鼠分为四组，一组可以锻炼，一组不能锻炼，一组吃标准健康饮食和一组吃西方饮食的小鼠。)”可知，研究人员将幼鼠分成四组进行研究。接下来“Mice started on their diets immediately after weaning(断奶), and continued with them for three weeks until they reached adulthood. After an additional eight weeks of ‘washout’, during which all mice were housed without wheels and on a healthy diet, the researchers did a behavioral analysis and measured levels of several different hormones.(小鼠断奶后立即开始这种饮食，并持续三周，直到成年。在又进行了八周的‘取消活动’后，在这期间所有的老鼠都被安置在没有轮子和健康饮食的地方，研究人员进行了行为分析，并测量了几种不同激素的水平。)”讲述了研究人员具体的研究过程。由此可推测出。本段主要讲述的是研究的过程。故选A。
27. 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“After an additional eight weeks of ‘washout’, during which all mice were housed without wheels and on a healthy diet, the researchers did a behavioral analysis and measured levels of several different hormones.(在又进行了八周的‘取消活动’后，在这期间所有的老鼠都被安置在没有轮子和健康饮食的地方，研究人员进行了行为分析，并测量了几种不同激素的水平。)”，画线词所在句中的“One of those they measured”指的是上文的“several different hormones”，所以可推测出leptin是一种激素。故选D。
Passage 8
(2024·江苏盐城·高一盐城市大丰区新丰中学校联考)When people think about improving their physical fitness, they often neglect(忽视) balance. Good balance is a necessary part of being physically fit and key to living a long life, according to a research. It’s important for everyone, no matter your age.
Older adults are most affected by poor balance. Falls are the leading cause of injury and death for those 65 and older, with nearly 30% in this age group reporting at least one fall in 2018, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. But younger adults frequently fall down, too.
Forty-eight percent of young adults reported falling at least once during one 16-week study. The falls most commonly happened during sports activities, with women in the study reporting more falls and fall-related injuries than men.
Falls within the previous two years were reported by 18% of young adults (ages 20 to 45) in another study published in the journal BMC Public Health. That figure(数据) compared with 21% of middle-aged adults (46 to 65) reporting falls and 35% of those over 65. While falls among young adults were often connected with sports, falls by the middle-aged group were typically related to health problems and physical changes.
Many factors(因素) can affect your balance outside of age, such as vision changes, brain injuries, overweight and a general lack of physical fitness. Even if you have no risk factors, simply neglecting to work regularly on your balance will result in increased instability(不稳定性).
“Our body is conditioned to lose what we don’t regularly use and practice, and balance is no different,” said a researcher.
28. What role does a good balance play in our lives
A. It helps us live a healthy and long life.
B. It enables us to build a perfect shape.
C. It protects us from getting seriously sick.
D. It has the power to make us look young.
29. How does the author show the research results
A. By having a discussion. B. By giving a list of figures.
C. By raising questions. D. By following the time order.
30 In which situation are young adults likely to fall down
A. When a health problem comes up. B. When working regularly.
C. When a physical change appears. D. When joining in a sport.
31. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. We are naturally born with balance.
B. We should manage our body properly.
C. Our body is used to working in its own way.
D. We’ll lose our balance if we don’t practise it often.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D 31. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明平衡能力对任何年龄段的人来说都很重要，我们需要定期锻炼以保持良好的平衡能力。
28. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Good balance is a necessary part of being physically fit and key to living a long life, according to a research.(一项研究表明，良好的平衡能力是身体健康的必要组成部分，也是长寿的关键。)”可知，良好的平衡能力帮助我们过健康且长寿的生活。故选A项。
29. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Falls are the leading cause of injury and death for those 65 and older, with nearly 30% in this age group reporting at least one fall in 2018(跌倒是65岁及以上老年人受伤和死亡的主要原因，该年龄组中近30%的人报告在2018年至少跌倒过一次)”、第三段中“Forty-eight percent of young adults reported falling at least once during one 16-week study.(在一项为期16周的研究中，48%的年轻人报告至少跌倒过一次。)”和第四段中“Falls within the previous two years were reported by 18% of young adults (ages 20 to 45) in another study published in the journal BMC Public Health. That figure (数据) compared with 21% of middle-aged adults (46 to 65) reporting falls and 35% of those over 65.(在《BMC公共卫生》杂志上发表的另一项研究中，18%的年轻人(20至45岁)在过去两年内摔倒过。相比之下，有21%的中年人(46岁至65岁)和35%的65岁以上的人报告跌倒。)”可知，作者通过给出具体的数字来展示研究结果。故选B项。
30. 细节理解题。根据围绕年轻人摔倒情况的第三段中“The falls most commonly happened during sports activities(摔倒最常发生在体育活动中)”可知，年轻的成年人在进行体育运动时容易摔倒。故选D项。
31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段研究者的话“Our body is conditioned to lose what we don’t regularly use and practice, and balance is no different(我们的身体习惯于失去我们不经常使用和练习的东西，平衡能力也不例外)”可推知，不常常练习平衡能力的话，我们的身体就会失去平衡能力。故选D项。
Passage 9
(2024·云南昆明·高一统考期末)Instead of logging extra hours at work in hopes of getting a raise, maybe you should hit the gym instead, as it could make you just as happy as that extra money. An interesting new study, published in the Lancet, found that people who are physically active have a greater sense of well-being than those who are inactive and that active individuals feel as good as inactive people who earn S25, 000 more per year.
Researchers from Oxford and Yale Universities used data gathered from more than 1. 2 million Americans. They were asked, “How many times have you felt mentally unwell in the past 30 days, for example, due to stress, depression, or emotional problems ” Participants were also asked about their exercise habits and were able to choose from 75 diverse physical activities, including doing housework and childcare, running, weightlifting, and cycling.
The researchers found that people who exercise regularly feel bad for an average of 35 days per year, whereas inactive people feel bad for an additional 18 days. All exercise types were related to a lower mental health burden. Social physical activities (ie. team sports) had an even more positive effect, although cycling ranked highly.
It is possible to get too much exercise. From Business Insider’s write up on the study, “The mental health of those participants who exercised for longer than three hours a day suffered more than that of those who weren’t particularly physically active. ”The ideal amount seems to be three to five training sessions per week, lasting 30 to 60 minutes each. But the takeaway should be that any amount helps, so don’t stress about hitting that perfect balance: “All exercise types were related to a lower mental health burden than not exercising. ”So just do it.
32. How did the researchers get the data from the people who participated in the study
A. By comparing their experiences.
B. By recording their daily activities.
C. By asking questions on exercising.
D. By doing some related experiment.
33. On average, how many days do the inactive people feel bad per year
A. 17 days. B. 18 days C. 35 days D. 53 days.
34. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A. To share some important data from a new research.
B. To recommend some proper methods of doing exercise.
C. To tell people doing exercise will make people more healthy.
D. To introduce some physical activities suitable for people to do.
35. Where is the passage most probably taken from
A. A magazine. B. A textbook. C. A novel. D. A diary.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. C 35. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。最近一项研究表明：经常进行体育锻炼的人比很少进行体育锻炼的人拥有更强的幸福感。
32. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Researchers from Oxford and Yale Universities used data gathered from more than 1. 2 million Americans. They were asked, “How many times have you felt mentally unwell in the past 30 days, for example, due to stress, depression, or emotional problems ” Participants were also asked about their exercise habits and were able to choose from 75 diverse physical activities, including doing housework and childcare, running, weightlifting, and cycling.(来自牛津大学和耶鲁大学的研究人员使用了来自200万美国人的数据。他们被问到:“在过去的30天里，你有多少次，例如，因为压力、抑郁或情绪问题而感到精神不适 ”参与者还被问及他们的运动习惯，并可以从75种不同的体育活动中进行选择，包括做家务和照顾孩子、跑步、举重和骑自行车。)”可推断，研究人员通过询问人们有关锻炼的问题获得数据。故选C。
33. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The researchers found that people who exercise regularly feel bad for an average of 35 days per year, whereas inactive people feel bad for an additional 18 days.(研究人员发现，经常运动的人平均每年有35天感觉不好，而不活跃的人每年会多出18天感觉不好。)”可知，不活跃的人每年平均有53天感觉不好。故选D。
34. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the takeaway should be that any amount helps, so don’t stress about hitting that perfect balance: “All exercise types were related to a lower mental health burden than not exercising. ”So just do it.(但结论是，任何数量的锻炼都起作用，所以不要为达到完美的平衡而感到压力。“所有类型的锻炼都会比不锻炼让精神负担更小。 ”“所以去做吧。”)”可推断，作者写本文的目的是为了告诉人们锻炼让人们更健康，无论是什么类型的锻炼。故选C。
35. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“An interesting new study, published in the Lancet, found that people who are physically active have a greater sense of well-being than those who are inactive and that active individuals feel as good as inactive people who earn S25, 000 more per year.(发表在《柳叶刀》上的一项有趣的新研究发现，经常锻炼的人比不锻炼的人更有幸福感，而且锻炼的人和每年多挣2.5万美元的人感觉一样好)”可知，本文讲述一项研究表明锻炼的人更幸福，因此推断文章最有可能来自杂志，而不是课本，小说或者日记。故选A。
Passage 10
(2024·湖北襄阳·高一宜城市第一中学校联考)My name is Michelle Rogers. For most of my life I had been fighting with my body weight. I was either gaining weight or trying to lose it. I wasn’t happy with myself, and I certainly wasn’t able to fully enjoy life. Not only did I feel bad physically, but I felt terrible emotionally. I also knew I wasn’t able to be the best I could be, and with failure after failure in losing weight, I just felt so hopeless to make it.
One day in 2008, I was looking through ads online and saw a treadmill(跑步机) for $100. This time I decided to start small and keep it doable. The first week I started walking 15 minutes on the treadmill at a fixed time every day. The next week I did 16 minutes. Each week I added a minute. Gradually, I increased speed as well as time. Once I got to 30 minutes, the weight started dropping off.
I didn’t lose weight at first, but I didn’t give up like I did in the past. I realized I started feeling better. My legs were getting stronger. I didn’t feel painful like I used to when I got up from my desk. All the efforts I’d been putting into fitness made me want to start eating healthier, too. I began with small changes as well. After these years I started listening to my body. It was refusing food and habits that were bad for me.
Today, the extra weight is gone. I still exercise every morning. I look and feel the best I have never done. Every area of my life has improved and benefited from this change in me. Not only do I have my youthful energy, looks and health back, but also I have more confidence than I have ever had.
36. How did Michelle feel about losing weight before 2008
A. Confident. B. Hopeless. C. Addicted. D. Annoyed.
37. How many weeks had passed before Michelle’s weight began dropping
A. 15 weeks. B. 20 weeks. C. 25 weeks. D. 30 weeks.
38. What is NOT my practice now
A. Doing exercise regularly. B. Eating healthier.
C. Refusing bad food and habits. D. Gaining extra weight.
39. What can we learn from Michelle’s story
A. Time is everything.
B. Interest is the best teacher.
C. Start with small things.
D. Nothing is more important than confidence.
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与肥胖抗争的故事。
36. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“I also knew I wasn’t able to be the best I could be, and with failure after failure in losing weight, I just felt so hopeless to make it.(我也知道我不可能成为最好的自己，在一次又一次的减肥失败之后，我只是觉得没有希望做到这一点)”和第二段中“One day in 2008, I was looking through ads online and saw a treadmill (跑步机) for $100.(2008年的一天，我在网上浏览广告，看到一个100美元的跑步机)”可知，在2008年前，作者认为减肥是没有希望的。故选B。
37. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first week I started walking 15 minutes on the treadmill at a fixed time every day. The next week I did 16 minutes. Each week I added a minute. Gradually, I increased speed as well as time. Once I got to 30 minutes, the weight started dropping off.(第一周，我开始每天在固定的时间在跑步机上步行15分钟。第二周我跑了16分钟。每周我都会增加一分钟。渐渐地，我增加了速度和时间。当我坚持了30分钟，体重开始下降)”可知，作者第一周跑15分钟，以后每周增加一分钟，在跑30分钟时，体重开始下降，由此可计算出，30-15=15，即作者花了15周体重才开始下降，故选A。
38. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“All the efforts I’d been putting into fitness made me want to start eating healthier, too...It was refusing food and habits that were bad for me.(我在健身上付出的所有努力让我也想开始吃得更健康……拒绝对我不好的食物和习惯)”和最后一段中“Today, the extra weight is gone. I still exercise every morning. I look and feel the best I have never done. (今天，多余的体重消失了。我仍然每天早上锻炼。我看起来和感觉起来都最好，这是我以前从来没有过的)”可知，作者如今减肥成功，没有了多余的体重，看起来和感觉起来都最好。由此推知，他会继续保持，坚持锻炼，健康饮食，拒绝不好的习惯和饮食。D项“增加额外的体重”不是他现在的做法。故选D。
39. 推理判断题。根据第三段“I didn’t lose weight at first, but I didn’t give up like I did in the past. I realized I started feeling better. My legs were getting stronger. I didn’t feel painful like I used to when I got up from my desk. All the efforts I’d been putting into fitness made me want to start eating healthier, too. I began with small changes as well. After these years I started listening to my body. It was refusing food and habits that were bad for me.(一开始我没有减肥成功，但是我没有像过去那样放弃。我意识到我感觉好多了。我的腿越来越强壮了。我不像以前从桌子旁起来时那么痛苦了。我在健身方面付出的所有努力也让我想要开始吃得更健康。我也从小的改变开始。这么多年过去了，我开始倾听自己的身体。拒绝对我不好的食物和习惯)”可知，作者从最开始的减肥困难，到后来有了小的变化，然后坚持并取得了成效，说明做事要从小事做起，坚持做下去，就会取得成功。由此推知，从Michelle的故事中我们可以学到的是C项“从小事开始。”故选C。
Passage 11
(2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·高一校考联考)We all know that regular exercise is very important for both a healthy mind and body. Research has shown that just five minutes of exercise in a “green space” can help people to keep mentally(心理) healthy.
Let’s take a look at some ways to get close to nature and make them a part of your regular exercise routine.
Get on your bike
Cycling is a cheap, easy and fun way to get some good exercise in the outdoors. Try leaving your car at home and cycling to work one day, if that’s possible. Or get the family together and go on a weekend bike ride. Check out the local cycle paths before you go, and plan a safe route. Make sure you take some healthy snacks with you to keep your energy levels up.
Try some outdoor yoga(瑜伽)
Practising yoga can be great for reducing anxiety and aiding relaxation, so why not take your yoga mat and try out some asanas (yoga postures) in the open air Yoga is great for stretching tight muscles and increasing flexibility as well as improving mobility, control and breathing. Why not finish your practice with some quiet meditation to further calm the mind
Go running
Instead of spending hours on the treadmill(跑步机), grab(抓) a friend and go off for a jog around your local park, or some nature trails. If you are used to running on a treadmill, you may find it harder at first, so make sure you have some good, supportive running shoes. You could also find out where your nearest park run events are. They are open to everyone, free, and are safe and easy to take part in.
40. What is needed to cycle with your family
A. Having a healthy body. B. Checking the bikes carefully.
C. Learning some survival skills. D. Making preparations for it.
41. What’s the advantage of outdoor yoga
A. Helping build muscles. B. Making people peaceful.
C. Improving athletic ability. D. Lowering blood pressure.
42. What can we know about park run events
A. They are free of charge. B. They offer running shoes.
C. Their tickets are easy to get. D. Their treadmills are open to use.
43. Instead of spending hours on the treadmill, you can go to _______.
A. a park with your friend B. a library
C. a city D. a school
【答案】40. D 41. B 42. A 43. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几项日常运动方式、好处和建议。
40. 细节理解题。根据Get on your bike中的“Check out the local cycle paths before you go, and plan a safe route. Make sure you take some healthy snacks with you to keep your energy levels up. (在去之前检查一下当地的自行车道，并计划一条安全的路线。确保你带了一些健康的零食来保持你的能量水平)”可知，如果你想和家人一起骑自行车，最好为此做些准备。故选D。
41. 细节理解题。根据Try some outdoor yoga中的“Practising yoga can be great for reducing anxiety and aiding relaxation (练习瑜伽可以很好地减少焦虑和帮助放松)”可知，户外瑜伽的好处是可以让你感到轻松或平静。故选B。
42. 细节理解题。根据Go running部分的“You could also find out where your nearest parkrun events are. They are open to everyone, free, and are safe and easy to take part in. (你还可以找到离你最近的公园跑步活动地点。它们对所有人开放，免费，安全，易于参与)”可知，“公园跑”活动的优点是它们是免费的。故选A。
43. 细节理解题。根据Go running部分的“Instead of spending hours on the treadmill (跑步机), grab (抓) a friend and go off for a jog around your local park, or some nature trails. (与其在跑步机上耗上几个小时，不如拉上一个朋友，在当地的公园或一些自然小径上慢跑。)”可知，你可以和你的朋友一起去公园，而不是花几个小时在跑步机上。故选A。
Passage 12
(2024·辽宁·高一校联考期中)Do you like to keep fit We’re always told that regular exercise is good for our body and mind. More and more people are taking up activities that improve their fitness. But is there a risk that some of us might get obsessed(着迷的) and overdo it
Well, for some people, fitness has become an obsession as they aim for perfection. And fitness trackers and apps can add to this addiction, especially if someone is driven by achievement and perfectionism. And sharing data on social media means exercising becomes public and competitive, which could cause problems in someone who is vulnerable(脆弱的). Experts say this can lead to a medical condition called orthorexia nervosa, or addiction to healthy eating and over-exercise. Untreated, it can lead to malnutrition and mental health problems.
Too much exercise can also take its toll on someone’s physical health as well. Symptoms of over-exercising include injuries such as a broken leg and a low immune system. So how much exercise is too much Researches found the ideal pace to jog was about eight kilometers per hour-and that it was best to jog no more than three times a week or for 2.5 hours in total, showing that moderate jogging is possibly more beneficial than being inactive or undertaking strenuous (剧烈的) jogging.
If you’re more of a couch potato than a runner, this might sound like good news. But for amateur(业余的) athletes who can’t help but push their bodies to the limit, the advice from Martin Turner, a sports and exercise psychologist, is, “It’s all about letting go, not being obsessed, learning not to control everything, saying, ‘You don’t need to be perfect.’”
44. What is the main reason for people’s addiction to over-exercise according to paragraph 2
A. Their need for social support.
B. Their addiction to fitness apps.
C. Their pursuit(追求)of perfectionism.
D. Their concern over health issues.
45. What does the underlined phrase “take its toll” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Going hand in hand.
B. Having a bad effect.
C. Making little difference.
D. Playing an important role.
46. What is the passage mainly about
A. The risk of fitness obsession.
B. The importance of mental health.
C. The benefits of moderate jogging.
D. The symptoms of over-exercising.
47. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Fiction. B. Lifestyle. C. Culture. D. News
【答案】44. C 45. B 46. A 47. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了过度沉迷健身给我们带来的影响，以及建议我们要适度健身，不必追求完美。
44. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Well, for some people, fitness has become an obsession as they aim for perfection.(嗯，对一些人来说，健身已经成为一种痴迷，因为他们追求完美。)”可知，有些人追求完美导致对健身十分痴迷，故选C项。
45. 词义猜测题。根据下文“Symptoms of over-exercising include injuries such as a broken leg and a low immune system.( 过度运动的症状包括腿部骨折和免疫系统低下。)”可知，后句是在分析过度健身带来的危害，因此推断划线句句意为：过多的锻炼也会对某人的身体健康造成损害。由此可知“take its toll”是有坏影响的意思，故选B项。
46. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“But is there a risk that some of us might get obsessed (着迷的) and overdo it (但是是否有这个风险？——我们有可能会着迷，甚至过度健身。)”以及最后一段“It’s all about letting go, not being obsessed, learning not to control everything, saying, “You don’t need to be perfect.”(这是关于放手，不要沉迷，学会不要控制一切，说：“你不需要完美。”)”可知，本文讲述了过度沉迷健身给我们带来的影响，故选A项。
47. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you like to keep fit (你喜欢健身吗？)”以及结合全文可知，本文是在讲述我们过度健身的影响，应该属于生活方式类，故选B项。
经历
Passage 13
(2024·湖北襄阳·高一宜城市第一中学校联考期中)My name is Michelle Rogers. For most of my life I had been fighting with my body weight. I was either gaining weight or trying to lose it. I wasn’t happy with myself, and I certainly wasn’t able to fully enjoy life. Not only did I feel bad physically, but I felt terrible emotionally. I also knew I wasn’t able to be the best I could be, and with failure after failure in losing weight, I just felt so hopeless to make it.
One day in 2008, I was looking through ads online and saw a treadmill(跑步机) for $100. This time I decided to start small and keep it doable. The first week I started walking 15 minutes on the treadmill at a fixed time every day. The next week I did 16 minutes. Each week I added a minute. Gradually, I increased speed as well as time. Once I got to 30 minutes, the weight started dropping off.
I didn’t lose weight at first, but I didn’t give up like I did in the past. I realized I started feeling better. My legs were getting stronger. I didn’t feel painful like I used to when I got up from my desk. All the efforts I’d been putting into fitness made me want to start eating healthier, too. I began with small changes as well. After these years I started listening to my body. It was refusing food and habits that were bad for me.
Today, the extra weight is gone. I still exercise every morning. I look and feel the best I have never done. Every area of my life has improved and benefited from this change in me. Not only do I have my youthful energy, looks and health back, but also I have more confidence than I have ever had.
1. How did Michelle feel about losing weight before 2008
A. Confident. B. Hopeless. C. Addicted. D. Annoyed.
2. How many weeks had passed before Michelle’s weight began dropping
A. 15 weeks. B. 20 weeks. C. 25 weeks. D. 30 weeks.
3. What is NOT my practice now
A. Doing exercise regularly. B. Eating healthier.
C. Refusing bad food and habits. D. Gaining extra weight.
4. What can we learn from Michelle’s story
A. Time is everything.
B. Interest is the best teacher.
C. Start with small things.
D. Nothing is more important than confidence.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与肥胖抗争的故事。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“I also knew I wasn’t able to be the best I could be, and with failure after failure in losing weight, I just felt so hopeless to make it.(我也知道我不可能成为最好的自己，在一次又一次的减肥失败之后，我只是觉得没有希望做到这一点)”和第二段中“One day in 2008, I was looking through ads online and saw a treadmill (跑步机) for $100.(2008年的一天，我在网上浏览广告，看到一个100美元的跑步机)”可知，在2008年前，作者认为减肥是没有希望的。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first week I started walking 15 minutes on the treadmill at a fixed time every day. The next week I did 16 minutes. Each week I added a minute. Gradually, I increased speed as well as time. Once I got to 30 minutes, the weight started dropping off.(第一周，我开始每天在固定的时间在跑步机上步行15分钟。第二周我跑了16分钟。每周我都会增加一分钟。渐渐地，我增加了速度和时间。当我坚持了30分钟，体重开始下降)”可知，作者第一周跑15分钟，以后每周增加一分钟，在跑30分钟时，体重开始下降，由此可计算出，30-15=15，即作者花了15周体重才开始下降，故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“All the efforts I’d been putting into fitness made me want to start eating healthier, too...It was refusing food and habits that were bad for me.(我在健身上付出的所有努力让我也想开始吃得更健康……拒绝对我不好的食物和习惯)”和最后一段中“Today, the extra weight is gone. I still exercise every morning. I look and feel the best I have never done. (今天，多余的体重消失了。我仍然每天早上锻炼。我看起来和感觉起来都最好，这是我以前从来没有过的)”可知，作者如今减肥成功，没有了多余的体重，看起来和感觉起来都最好。由此推知，他会继续保持，坚持锻炼，健康饮食，拒绝不好的习惯和饮食。D项“增加额外的体重”不是他现在的做法。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据第三段“I didn’t lose weight at first, but I didn’t give up like I did in the past. I realized I started feeling better. My legs were getting stronger. I didn’t feel painful like I used to when I got up from my desk. All the efforts I’d been putting into fitness made me want to start eating healthier, too. I began with small changes as well. After these years I started listening to my body. It was refusing food and habits that were bad for me.(一开始我没有减肥成功，但是我没有像过去那样放弃。我意识到我感觉好多了。我的腿越来越强壮了。我不像以前从桌子旁起来时那么痛苦了。我在健身方面付出的所有努力也让我想要开始吃得更健康。我也从小的改变开始。这么多年过去了，我开始倾听自己的身体。拒绝对我不好的食物和习惯)”可知，作者从最开始的减肥困难，到后来有了小的变化，然后坚持并取得了成效，说明做事要从小事做起，坚持做下去，就会取得成功。由此推知，从Michelle的故事中我们可以学到的是C项“从小事开始。”故选C。
Passage 14
(2024·甘肃庆阳·高一统考期末)Much of our thinking about health is based on wishful thinking. But science provides clear and simple advice for a healthy life. Graham Lawton explores the evidence. Graham proves that you don’t have to be a health and fitness extremist to be reasonably healthy. He has rounded up the latest and strictest health research and changed it into useful advice on all the big health questions: diet, weight loss, exercise, sleep, ageing and so on.
Graham, New Scientist feature writer, is not the common health expert. He sometimes eats fast food. He has a gym membership but rarely uses it. And he takes medicine to keep his blood pressure under control. He neither has a diet plan nor a 6-week program to keep fit and thin.
But he does have a much better weapon: science. In a talk, Graham explains the basic science, tells people some of the secrets of science, teaches people to use the ability of judgement to tell the good from the bad, and helps them to see beyond the headlines. The talk allows people to eat healthily, lose weight, and sort the truth out from science facts.
But he loves outdoor sports. Last year Graham cycled over 1,200 miles and ran the same distance of 15marathons. He often goes swimming outdoors and walks up eight flights of stairs to his desk instead of taking the lift. He eats his five copies of fruit and vegetables a day, keeps enough water in his body, and doesn’t eat much meat. Despite all the bad habits, his good ones seem to be winning. Graham is 50, but his “biological age” was recently measured as 45.
5. What can we learn about Graham
A. He has some bad habits.
B. He has an extremely strict diet.
C. He looks down on common health experts.
D. He always bases health on wishful thinking.
6. What does Graham’s talk in paragraph 3 cover
A. Words as weapons.
B. Health and science.
C. Functions of medicine.
D. Ability and confidence.
7. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us concerning Graham
A. His indoor sports of his life.
B. His copies of health books.
C. His healthy lifestyle.
D. His way of thinking.
8. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. The Professional Ways to Do Sports
B. The Importance of Exercise for Health
C. The Unique Path to Scientific Success
D. The Secrets of Living a Healthy Life
【答案】5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了Graham把收集到的最新、最严格的健康研究转化为对健康问题的有用建议，以及他的健康的生活方式。
5. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Graham, New Scientist feature writer, is not the common health expert. He sometimes eats fast food. He has a gym membership but rarely uses it. And he takes medicine to keep his blood pressure under control. He neither has a diet plan nor a 6-week program to keep fit and thin.( Graham是《新科学家》特稿作者，他不是那种常见的健康专家。他有时吃快餐。他有健身房会员卡，但很少使用。他还吃药控制血压。他既没有节食计划，也没有6周的减肥计划。)”可知，Graham有一些不好的习惯，如吃快餐，有健身房会员卡但很少使用等。故选A。
6. 细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“In a talk, Graham explains the basic science, tells people some of the secrets of science, teaches people to use the ability of judgement to tell the good from the bad, and helps them to see beyond the headlines. The talk allows people to eat healthily, lose weight, and sort the truth out from science facts.(在一次演讲中，Graham解释了基础科学，告诉人们一些科学的秘密，教人们使用判断能力来区分好坏，并帮助看到头条新闻之外的东西。这个演讲让人们健康饮食，减肥，并从科学事实中梳理真相。)”可知第三段中提到的Graham的这个演讲涵盖了科学和健康方面的内容。故选B。
7. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“But he loves outdoor sports. Last year Graham cycled over 1, 200 miles and ran the same distance of 15marathons. He often goes swimming outdoors, walks up eight flights of stairs to his desk instead of taking the lift. He eats his five copies of fruit and vegetables a day, keeps enough water in his body, and doesn’t eat much meat. Despite all the bad habits, his good ones seem to be winning. Graham is 50, but his ‘biological age’ was recently measured as 45.(但是他喜欢户外运动。去年，Graham骑行了1200多英里，跑了相当于15场马拉松的距离。他经常去户外游泳，爬八层楼梯去上班，而不是坐电梯。他每天吃五份水果和蔬菜，体内保持足够的水分，而且不怎么吃肉。尽管有那么多坏习惯，但他的好习惯似乎正在占上风。Graham今年50岁，但他的‘生理年龄’最近被测量为45岁。)”可知，此段主要介绍了Graham的一些健康的生活方式。故选C。
8. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Much of our thinking about health is based on wishful thinking. But science provides clear and simple advice for a healthy life. Graham Lawton explores the evidence. Graham proves that you don’t have to be a health and fitness extremist to be reasonably healthy. He has rounded up the latest and strictest health research and changed it into useful advice on all the big health questions: diet, weight loss, exercise, sleep, ageing and so on.(我们对健康的很多想法都是基于一厢情愿的想法。但科学为健康生活提供了清晰而简单的建议。Graham Lawton探究了其中的证据。Graham证明，你不必成为一个健康和健身极端主义者来保持合理的健康。他收集了最新、最严格的健康研究，并将其转化为对所有重大健康问题的有用建议：饮食、减肥、锻炼、睡眠、衰老等等。)”以及下文对Graham生活方式以及他的演讲的详细介绍可知，本文主要阐述了Graham把收集到的最新、最严格的健康研究转化为对健康问题的有用建议，以及Graham健康的生活方式，由此可知，D选项“The Secrets of Living a Healthy Life(健康生活的秘密)”能够概括文章内容，适合作为文章标题。故选D。
Passage 15
(2024·江苏无锡·高一校考期中)Ida Keeling’s daughter, Cheryl, a lifelong athlete, thought that maybe what would pull her mother out from under her dark cloud was something that would get her pumping again. She suggested a run. Not just a jog around the block, but an official run. At the time, Ida Keeling was 67.
Keeling had grown up poor in Harlem, and had done hard work in factories. She had lost her husband early to a heart attack, and two of her four children—both of her sons— died in unsolved drug-related incidents in 1978 and 1981.
Keeling had sunk into a deep depression(消沉), and her health had begun to slide. Her daughters began to worry that they soon might be losing their mother as well.
It had been decades since Keeling had done any running, and she would later recall that first “mini-run” feeling as if it would never end. But when it did, “I just threw off all my bad memories.”
She hasn’t stopped running since, and it’s no longer the tough work it was during that first meet. Since then, the small Keeling has set records for 60 meters in the 95-to-99 age group, and in 100 meters for the over-100 group.
“I was just exercising,” she says regarding that first run, “and now I'm all over the world.”
When she’s not running, she’s working out. She’s in the gym three to four days a week, running on tread-mills(跑步机), working out with weights and pedaling on the exercise bike, and even squeezing in some squats(深蹲) while she’s cooking. Part of her healthy diet is occasional brandy wine mixed with her coffee or water to aid circulation(血液循环).
She’s written a book about her experiences, titled Can’t Nothing Bring Me Down: Chasing Myself in the Race Against Time. Her philosophy is also suitable for a runner: “Every day is another day forward.”
9. Why did Keeling suffer from a deep depression
A. She had grown up poor. B. She had done hard work.
C. She had been in poor health. D. She had lost her husband and sons.
10. What contributes to Keeling’s setting records when she is very old
A. Travelling around the world. B. The mini-run experience.
C. Working out whenever possible. D. Brandy wine mixed with coffee.
11. Which of the following can best describe Keeling
A. Athletic and strong-willed. B. Caring and sport-loving.
C. Friendly and hard-working. D. Humorous and outgoing.
12. Which can be the best title for the text
A. Run forward. B. Never too old to learn.
C. Live healthily. D. Never give up hope in life.
【答案】9. D 10. C Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy(精选名校阅读好题26篇)
锻炼健身基础篇
方法策略
Passage 1
Nowadays, children spend less time in the fresh air. Many of them are addicted to a screen either on a computer or a TV—they seem to be living in a virtual world. They have lost touch with nature.
But now 400 organizations in the UK, from playgroups to the National Health Service, are encouraging children to have some “wild time”. They want kids to swap at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing computer games for time playing outside. Activities such as building dens, climbing trees, rummaging for conkers and playing hide and seek are just some of the things kids can do. Even if they live in a city, they can go on adventures in the garden or the park.
Children often need a helping hand from mum and dad. They need to be shown what to do and where to go. Andy Simpson from National Health Service says, “We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids’ development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a go.”
So despite the complicated world that young people grow up in now, it seems that going back to basics and experiencing “nature’s playground” is what modern children need. David Bond from Project Wild Thing says, “We need to make more space for wild time in children’s daily routine, freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted.”
This might sound a bit old-fashioned to you or maybe, like me, it’s made you think about sticking on your boots, getting outdoors and reliving your childhood. There’s no age limit on enjoying yourself!
1. What makes children lose touch with nature
A. Playing hide and seek. B. Going on adventures in parks.
C. Building dens frequently. D. Being addicted to a screen.
2. In Andy Simpson’s opinion, who should be persuaded to see the effect of wild time
A. Teachers. B. Parents. C. Children. D. Experts.
3. What might David probably agree
A. What modern children need is spiritual satisfaction.
B. Children always take it for granted to play outside.
C. Children need more time to get close to nature.
D. Parents should make larger rooms for kids to study.
4. What can be inferred from this passage
A. People at any age can enjoy wild time. B. Watching TV is a good way to learn about nature.
C. Everyone lives in a high-pressure world. D. Adults all desire to go back to childhood.
Passage 2
)For people suffering from depression, there’s an all-natural treatment they should use—getting more exercise. It could help fight depression, even if people have a genetic risk, new research shows.
For the study, researchers collected information from nearly 8,000 people and found those with related genes were more likely to have depression over the next two years after examining them. But that was less likely for people who were more active at the study’s start, even if they had a family history of depression. Higher levels of physical activity helped protect even those with the highest genetic risk of depression.
Both high-intensity(高强度) exercise and low-intensity activities were associated with a reduced risk of depression. Adding four hours of exercise a week could lower the risk of a new episode(一段经历) of depression by 17%, according to the study. “Our findings strongly suggest that, when it comes to depression, being physically active has the potential to remove the added risk of future episodes in individuals who are genetically risky,” said lead author Karmel Choi. “On average, about 35 additional minutes of physical activity each day may help people to reduce their risk and protect against future depression episodes.”
Depression is a common mental illness globally, with more than 264 million people affected. “Depression is so ubiquitous, and that underlines the need for effective approaches that can impact as many people as possible,” Choi said. And mental health and primary care providers can use the findings to advise patients that there’s something meaningful they can do to lower their risk of depression.
5. How did the researchers reach their conclusion
A. By analyzing a mass of data.
B. By conducting genetic research.
C. By comparing various levels of activity.
D. By tracking the subjects for many years.
6. What does the study show about depression
A. Physical activity betters medical treatment.
B. Exercise is able to decrease and prevent it.
C. Different levels of exercise intensity matter the same.
D. Exercising 35 minutes daily is the most effective treatment.
7. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Harmful. B. Unusual.
C. Common. D. Complex.
8. What is the purpose of the text
A. To discuss a disease of depression.
B. To explain a phenomenon of depression.
C. To analyze a genetic risk of depression.
D. To introduce a method to lower the risk of depression.
Passage 3
For centuries, people in the sunny Mediterranean(地中海) would get up after long, relaxing meals and take a walk, often to the town square to see neighbors and socialize. Walking is so much a part of the lifestyle that it is seen as the most important part of the super-healthy Mediterranean diet.
Studies have found that it may be one of the reasons the Mediterranean diet can reduce the risk for some diseases like diabetes, high cholesterol, heart disease, stroke and some cancers – all the while strengthening bones, improving brain health, preventing dementia(痴呆) and helping with healthy weight loss.
Now you can add another reason to take a post-meal walk – it may lower your blood sugar. That trip doesn’t need to take up a huge amount of your time either: Walking as little as two to five minutes after a meal can do, according to a 2022 study in the journal Sports Medicine.
Standing after a meal can help, too, but not as much as putting one foot in front of the other, said study coauthor Aidan Buffey, a doctoral student in sport sciences department at the University of Limerick in Ireland.
“Standing on and off throughout the day and after meals reduced blood sugar on average by 9.51% compared to long hours of sitting. However, light-walking throughout the day saw a greater reduction of blood sugar by an average of 17.01% compared to long hours of sitting,” Buffey said.
“This suggests that breaking long hours of sitting with standing and light-walking throughout the day is good for blood sugar levels. Standing is good, but walking is better,” he added.
9. What benefits can the Mediterranean diet bring to people EXCEPT ______
A. Losing appropriate weight B. Making bones stronger
C. Preventing the risk for diseases D. Improving brain health
10. What does “putting one foot in front of the other” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Standing. B. Sitting. C. Walking. D. Lying.
11. How did Aidan Buffey draw his conclusion
A. By doing surveys(调查). B. By comparing the data(数据).
C. By doing experiment. D. By referring to other studies.
12. What is the best title for the text
A. Walking can help lower blood sugar B. There are reasons to stick to walking
C. Mediterranean diet is super healthy D. Long hours of sitting after meal is a bad habit
Passage 4
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of non-aerobic exercise-balance training and weight training-three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic(有氧的) exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
13. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A. The right way of exercising. B. The aging process of the heart.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The causes of a heart attack.
14. What does Levine’s research find
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
15. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
Passage 5
When you walk in a Chinese city early in the morning, you’re likely to see groups of people exercising in the park. You’ll see them moving through a series of slow graceful movements. As their bodies flow from one exercise to the next, their minds are focused only on their deep, relaxed breathing.
Tai chi is part of national cultural heritage(遗产) which Chinese people take pride in. This ancient mind-body exercise is known as tai chi, and you don’t have to live in China to benefit from it. According to a survey in 2007, more than 2 million Americans are currently practicing tai chi.
Tai chi is called a mind-body type of exercise because it combines meditation, focused breathing, and physical movement. Because it’s also a low-impact(低强度的) exercise, it may be particularly suitable for older adults, but it’s a beneficial exercise for people of all ages.
Tai chi developed in China as a type of martial art. Today tai chi is used to develop fitness, meditation, balance, breathing, and well-being.
If tai chi is something you might like to try, look for a tai chi class near you. Keep in mind that training programs are different in many ways. You might want to ask around for a recommendation or try a class before you sign up. Ask potential tai chi instructors about their training and experience.
Tai chi is generally considered a low-risk exercise that is both safe and enjoyable. If you have any physical or medical problems, talk with your health care provider before starting any exercise program. And remember, although tai chi has many benefits, it can’t take the place of regular medical care.
16. Why does the author give the example in paragraph 1
A. To describe a scene.
B. To introduce the topic.
C. To summarize the text.
D. To guide the readers around the city.
17. What can we know from paragraph 2
A. Some foreigners are interested in tai chi.
B. Tai chi makes people happy, wise and energetic.
C. Chinese people don’t take tai chi seriously now.
D. Tai chi was considered a way to lengthen one’s life.
18. What does the underlined word “meditation” mean
A. Hard training. B. Deep thinking.
C. Body stretching. D. Violent exercising.
19. Who may benefit from practicing tai chi
A. Old people. B. The patients.
C. Young people. D. People of all ages.
Passage 6
There’s more evidence that what’s good for your heart is good for your head. A new study shows that people who run, swim or do other moderate intensity(中等强度) exercise have brains that look, on average, 10 years younger than the brains of couch potatoes.
“Our study showed that for older people, getting moderate intensity exercise may be protective, helping them keep their brains work better,” said Dr. Clinton Wright of the University of Miami, who led the study. But it’s not necessarily easy. Walking, golf, bowling and yoga don’t count, and people need to start before they begin showing memory loss, Wright’s team reported in the journal Neurology.
The study of nearly 900 people who exercise regularly showed that 90 percent fell into the low-intensity group. These people are part of a larger group taking part in a bigger study called Northern Manhattan Study. They were asked how long and how often they exercised during the past two weeks. Five years later, they were tested for memory and thinking skills and got a brain MRI(核磁共振). Seven years after that, they took the memory and thinking tests again. The 10 percent who said they took part in moderate intensity exercise scored better on the tests. These included running, climbing, swimming, riding bicycles and so on.
“We found that those with moderate intensity activity had higher scores and slower memory decline(下降) than inactive people when comparing the results,” the study team wrote.
Many studies have shown that exercise may not prevent Alzheimer’s disease but may delay it. The findings fit in with a study that found two years of exercising, eating healthier food and brain training can promote people’s memory function.
20. What can we learn from the study
A. High-intensity exercise is better.
B. Ten people scored best on the tests.
C. Only 900 people took part in the bigger study.
D. Most people surveyed took low-intensity exercise.
21. How did the study team come to the conclusion
A. By using examples. B. By doing a brain MRI.
C. By making a comparison. D. By observing people exercise.
22. What do we know from the last paragraph
A. The findings fit in with the study of healthy food.
B. Exercise can put off the beginning of memory decline.
C. Exercise will definitely strengthen people’s memory.
D. Alzheimer’s disease may be held back by exercise.
23. What’s the main idea of this passage
A. To exercise or not remains to be seen.
B. How to keep healthy is very important.
C. There are many ways to make your brain work better.
D. Moderate intensity exercise keeps your brain younger.
Passage 7
Though diet and exercise are recommended as ways to improve health, new UCR research is the first to examine the long-lasting, combined effects of both factors when they are experienced early in life. “Any time you go to a doctor with concerns about your weight, almost without fail, the doctor recommends that you exercise and eat less, ”said researcher Marcell Cadney. “That’s why it’s surprising most studies only look at diet or exercise separately. In this study, we wanted to include both,” he said.
The researchers found that early-life exercise led to reduced anxious behaviors and an increase in adult muscle and brain mass. When fed Western-style diets high in fat and sugar, the mice not only became fatter, but also grew into adults that preferred unhealthy food.
To obtain the findings, the researchers divided the young mice into four groups—those with access to exercise, those without access, those fed a standard, healthy diet and those who ate a Western diet. Mice started on their diets immediately after weaning(断奶), and continued with them for three weeks until they reached adulthood. After an additional eight weeks of “washout”, during which all mice were housed without wheels and on a healthy diet, the researchers did a behavioral analysis and measured levels of several different hormones.
One of those they measured, leptin, is produced by fat cells. It helps control bodyweight by increasing energy consumption and signaling that less food is required. Early-life exercise increased adult leptin levels in adult mice, regardless of the diet they ate.
Previously, the research team found that eating too much fat and sugar as a child can change the microbiome(微生物群) for life, even if they later eat healthier. Going forward, the team plans to study whether fat or sugar is more responsible for the negative effects they measured in Western-diet-fed mice.
This study offers great opportunities for health interventions in childhood habits. “Our findings may be related to understanding the potential effects of activity reductions and dietary changes associated with overweight,” said Marcell.
24. What is special about the new UCR research
A. It takes both exercise and diet into account.
B. It is the first to study the effect of exercise.
C. It finds the relation between health and diet.
D. It gives equal importance to physical and mental health.
25. What may early-life exercise contribute to
A. Stronger bones. B. A desire for healthy food.
C. A peaceful mind. D. The various microbiome for life.
26. What is mainly discussed about the research in Paragraph 3
A. Its process. B. Its importance. C. Its objective. D. Its results.
27. The underlined word “leptin” in Paragraph 4 refers to a type of ________.
A. Behavior. B. Mouse. C. Diet. D. Hormone.
Passage 8
When people think about improving their physical fitness, they often neglect(忽视) balance. Good balance is a necessary part of being physically fit and key to living a long life, according to a research. It’s important for everyone, no matter your age.
Older adults are most affected by poor balance. Falls are the leading cause of injury and death for those 65 and older, with nearly 30% in this age group reporting at least one fall in 2018, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. But younger adults frequently fall down, too.
Forty-eight percent of young adults reported falling at least once during one 16-week study. The falls most commonly happened during sports activities, with women in the study reporting more falls and fall-related injuries than men.
Falls within the previous two years were reported by 18% of young adults (ages 20 to 45) in another study published in the journal BMC Public Health. That figure(数据) compared with 21% of middle-aged adults (46 to 65) reporting falls and 35% of those over 65. While falls among young adults were often connected with sports, falls by the middle-aged group were typically related to health problems and physical changes.
Many factors(因素) can affect your balance outside of age, such as vision changes, brain injuries, overweight and a general lack of physical fitness. Even if you have no risk factors, simply neglecting to work regularly on your balance will result in increased instability(不稳定性).
“Our body is conditioned to lose what we don’t regularly use and practice, and balance is no different,” said a researcher.
28. What role does a good balance play in our lives
A. It helps us live a healthy and long life.
B. It enables us to build a perfect shape.
C. It protects us from getting seriously sick.
D. It has the power to make us look young.
29. How does the author show the research results
A. By having a discussion. B. By giving a list of figures.
C. By raising questions. D. By following the time order.
30 In which situation are young adults likely to fall down
A. When a health problem comes up. B. When working regularly.
C. When a physical change appears. D. When joining in a sport.
31. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. We are naturally born with balance.
B. We should manage our body properly.
C. Our body is used to working in its own way.
D. We’ll lose our balance if we don’t practise it often.
Passage 9
Instead of logging extra hours at work in hopes of getting a raise, maybe you should hit the gym instead, as it could make you just as happy as that extra money. An interesting new study, published in the Lancet, found that people who are physically active have a greater sense of well-being than those who are inactive and that active individuals feel as good as inactive people who earn S25, 000 more per year.
Researchers from Oxford and Yale Universities used data gathered from more than 1. 2 million Americans. They were asked, “How many times have you felt mentally unwell in the past 30 days, for example, due to stress, depression, or emotional problems ” Participants were also asked about their exercise habits and were able to choose from 75 diverse physical activities, including doing housework and childcare, running, weightlifting, and cycling.
The researchers found that people who exercise regularly feel bad for an average of 35 days per year, whereas inactive people feel bad for an additional 18 days. All exercise types were related to a lower mental health burden. Social physical activities (ie. team sports) had an even more positive effect, although cycling ranked highly.
It is possible to get too much exercise. From Business Insider’s write up on the study, “The mental health of those participants who exercised for longer than three hours a day suffered more than that of those who weren’t particularly physically active. ”The ideal amount seems to be three to five training sessions per week, lasting 30 to 60 minutes each. But the takeaway should be that any amount helps, so don’t stress about hitting that perfect balance: “All exercise types were related to a lower mental health burden than not exercising. ”So just do it.
32. How did the researchers get the data from the people who participated in the study
A. By comparing their experiences.
B. By recording their daily activities.
C. By asking questions on exercising.
D. By doing some related experiment.
33. On average, how many days do the inactive people feel bad per year
A. 17 days. B. 18 days C. 35 days D. 53 days.
34. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A. To share some important data from a new research.
B. To recommend some proper methods of doing exercise.
C. To tell people doing exercise will make people more healthy.
D. To introduce some physical activities suitable for people to do.
35. Where is the passage most probably taken from
A. A magazine. B. A textbook. C. A novel. D. A diary.
Passage 10
My name is Michelle Rogers. For most of my life I had been fighting with my body weight. I was either gaining weight or trying to lose it. I wasn’t happy with myself, and I certainly wasn’t able to fully enjoy life. Not only did I feel bad physically, but I felt terrible emotionally. I also knew I wasn’t able to be the best I could be, and with failure after failure in losing weight, I just felt so hopeless to make it.
One day in 2008, I was looking through ads online and saw a treadmill(跑步机) for $100. This time I decided to start small and keep it doable. The first week I started walking 15 minutes on the treadmill at a fixed time every day. The next week I did 16 minutes. Each week I added a minute. Gradually, I increased speed as well as time. Once I got to 30 minutes, the weight started dropping off.
I didn’t lose weight at first, but I didn’t give up like I did in the past. I realized I started feeling better. My legs were getting stronger. I didn’t feel painful like I used to when I got up from my desk. All the efforts I’d been putting into fitness made me want to start eating healthier, too. I began with small changes as well. After these years I started listening to my body. It was refusing food and habits that were bad for me.
Today, the extra weight is gone. I still exercise every morning. I look and feel the best I have never done. Every area of my life has improved and benefited from this change in me. Not only do I have my youthful energy, looks and health back, but also I have more confidence than I have ever had.
36. How did Michelle feel about losing weight before 2008
A. Confident. B. Hopeless. C. Addicted. D. Annoyed.
37. How many weeks had passed before Michelle’s weight began dropping
A. 15 weeks. B. 20 weeks. C. 25 weeks. D. 30 weeks.
38. What is NOT my practice now
A. Doing exercise regularly. B. Eating healthier.
C. Refusing bad food and habits. D. Gaining extra weight.
39. What can we learn from Michelle’s story
A. Time is everything.
B. Interest is the best teacher.
C. Start with small things.
D. Nothing is more important than confidence.
Passage 11
We all know that regular exercise is very important for both a healthy mind and body. Research has shown that just five minutes of exercise in a “green space” can help people to keep mentally(心理) healthy.
Let’s take a look at some ways to get close to nature and make them a part of your regular exercise routine.
Get on your bike
Cycling is a cheap, easy and fun way to get some good exercise in the outdoors. Try leaving your car at home and cycling to work one day, if that’s possible. Or get the family together and go on a weekend bike ride. Check out the local cycle paths before you go, and plan a safe route. Make sure you take some healthy snacks with you to keep your energy levels up.
Try some outdoor yoga(瑜伽)
Practising yoga can be great for reducing anxiety and aiding relaxation, so why not take your yoga mat and try out some asanas (yoga postures) in the open air Yoga is great for stretching tight muscles and increasing flexibility as well as improving mobility, control and breathing. Why not finish your practice with some quiet meditation to further calm the mind
Go running
Instead of spending hours on the treadmill(跑步机), grab(抓) a friend and go off for a jog around your local park, or some nature trails. If you are used to running on a treadmill, you may find it harder at first, so make sure you have some good, supportive running shoes. You could also find out where your nearest park run events are. They are open to everyone, free, and are safe and easy to take part in.
40. What is needed to cycle with your family
A. Having a healthy body. B. Checking the bikes carefully.
C. Learning some survival skills. D. Making preparations for it.
41. What’s the advantage of outdoor yoga
A. Helping build muscles. B. Making people peaceful.
C. Improving athletic ability. D. Lowering blood pressure.
42. What can we know about park run events
A. They are free of charge. B. They offer running shoes.
C. Their tickets are easy to get. D. Their treadmills are open to use.
43. Instead of spending hours on the treadmill, you can go to _______.
A. a park with your friend B. a library
C. a city D. a school
Passage 12
Do you like to keep fit We’re always told that regular exercise is good for our body and mind. More and more people are taking up activities that improve their fitness. But is there a risk that some of us might get obsessed(着迷的) and overdo it
Well, for some people, fitness has become an obsession as they aim for perfection. And fitness trackers and apps can add to this addiction, especially if someone is driven by achievement and perfectionism. And sharing data on social media means exercising becomes public and competitive, which could cause problems in someone who is vulnerable(脆弱的). Experts say this can lead to a medical condition called orthorexia nervosa, or addiction to healthy eating and over-exercise. Untreated, it can lead to malnutrition and mental health problems.
Too much exercise can also take its toll on someone’s physical health as well. Symptoms of over-exercising include injuries such as a broken leg and a low immune system. So how much exercise is too much Researches found the ideal pace to jog was about eight kilometers per hour-and that it was best to jog no more than three times a week or for 2.5 hours in total, showing that moderate jogging is possibly more beneficial than being inactive or undertaking strenuous (剧烈的) jogging.
If you’re more of a couch potato than a runner, this might sound like good news. But for amateur(业余的) athletes who can’t help but push their bodies to the limit, the advice from Martin Turner, a sports and exercise psychologist, is, “It’s all about letting go, not being obsessed, learning not to control everything, saying, ‘You don’t need to be perfect.’”
44. What is the main reason for people’s addiction to over-exercise according to paragraph 2
A. Their need for social support.
B. Their addiction to fitness apps.
C. Their pursuit(追求)of perfectionism.
D. Their concern over health issues.
45. What does the underlined phrase “take its toll” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Going hand in hand.
B. Having a bad effect.
C. Making little difference.
D. Playing an important role.
46. What is the passage mainly about
A. The risk of fitness obsession.
B. The importance of mental health.
C. The benefits of moderate jogging.
D. The symptoms of over-exercising.
47. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Fiction. B. Lifestyle. C. Culture. D. News
经历
Passage 13
My name is Michelle Rogers. For most of my life I had been fighting with my body weight. I was either gaining weight or trying to lose it. I wasn’t happy with myself, and I certainly wasn’t able to fully enjoy life. Not only did I feel bad physically, but I felt terrible emotionally. I also knew I wasn’t able to be the best I could be, and with failure after failure in losing weight, I just felt so hopeless to make it.
One day in 2008, I was looking through ads online and saw a treadmill(跑步机) for $100. This time I decided to start small and keep it doable. The first week I started walking 15 minutes on the treadmill at a fixed time every day. The next week I did 16 minutes. Each week I added a minute. Gradually, I increased speed as well as time. Once I got to 30 minutes, the weight started dropping off.
I didn’t lose weight at first, but I didn’t give up like I did in the past. I realized I started feeling better. My legs were getting stronger. I didn’t feel painful like I used to when I got up from my desk. All the efforts I’d been putting into fitness made me want to start eating healthier, too. I began with small changes as well. After these years I started listening to my body. It was refusing food and habits that were bad for me.
Today, the extra weight is gone. I still exercise every morning. I look and feel the best I have never done. Every area of my life has improved and benefited from this change in me. Not only do I have my youthful energy, looks and health back, but also I have more confidence than I have ever had.
1. How did Michelle feel about losing weight before 2008
A. Confident. B. Hopeless. C. Addicted. D. Annoyed.
2. How many weeks had passed before Michelle’s weight began dropping
A. 15 weeks. B. 20 weeks. C. 25 weeks. D. 30 weeks.
3. What is NOT my practice now
A. Doing exercise regularly. B. Eating healthier.
C. Refusing bad food and habits. D. Gaining extra weight.
4. What can we learn from Michelle’s story
A. Time is everything.
B. Interest is the best teacher.
C. Start with small things.
D. Nothing is more important than confidence.
Passage 14
Much of our thinking about health is based on wishful thinking. But science provides clear and simple advice for a healthy life. Graham Lawton explores the evidence. Graham proves that you don’t have to be a health and fitness extremist to be reasonably healthy. He has rounded up the latest and strictest health research and changed it into useful advice on all the big health questions: diet, weight loss, exercise, sleep, ageing and so on.
Graham, New Scientist feature writer, is not the common health expert. He sometimes eats fast food. He has a gym membership but rarely uses it. And he takes medicine to keep his blood pressure under control. He neither has a diet plan nor a 6-week program to keep fit and thin.
But he does have a much better weapon: science. In a talk, Graham explains the basic science, tells people some of the secrets of science, teaches people to use the ability of judgement to tell the good from the bad, and helps them to see beyond the headlines. The talk allows people to eat healthily, lose weight, and sort the truth out from science facts.
But he loves outdoor sports. Last year Graham cycled over 1,200 miles and ran the same distance of 15marathons. He often goes swimming outdoors and walks up eight flights of stairs to his desk instead of taking the lift. He eats his five copies of fruit and vegetables a day, keeps enough water in his body, and doesn’t eat much meat. Despite all the bad habits, his good ones seem to be winning. Graham is 50, but his “biological age” was recently measured as 45.
5. What can we learn about Graham
A. He has some bad habits.
B. He has an extremely strict diet.
C. He looks down on common health experts.
D. He always bases health on wishful thinking.
6. What does Graham’s talk in paragraph 3 cover
A. Words as weapons.
B. Health and science.
C. Functions of medicine.
D. Ability and confidence.
7. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us concerning Graham
A. His indoor sports of his life.
B. His copies of health books.
C. His healthy lifestyle.
D. His way of thinking.
8. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. The Professional Ways to Do Sports
B. The Importance of Exercise for Health
C. The Unique Path to Scientific Success
D. The Secrets of Living a Healthy Life
Passage 15
Ida Keeling’s daughter, Cheryl, a lifelong athlete, thought that maybe what would pull her mother out from under her dark cloud was something that would get her pumping again. She suggested a run. Not just a jog around the block, but an official run. At the time, Ida Keeling was 67.
Keeling had grown up poor in Harlem, and had done hard work in factories. She had lost her husband early to a heart attack, and two of her four children—both of her sons— died in unsolved drug-related incidents in 1978 and 1981.
Keeling had sunk into a deep depression(消沉), and her health had begun to slide. Her daughters began to worry that they soon might be losing their mother as well.
It had been decades since Keeling had done any running, and she would later recall that first “mini-run” feeling as if it would never end. But when it did, “I just threw off all my bad memories.”
She hasn’t stopped running since, and it’s no longer the tough work it was during that first meet. Since then, the small Keeling has set records for 60 meters in the 95-to-99 age group, and in 100 meters for the over-100 group.
“I was just exercising,” she says regarding that first run, “and now I'm all over the world.”
When she’s not running, she’s working out. She’s in the gym three to four days a week, running on tread-mills(跑步机), working out with weights and pedaling on the exercise bike, and even squeezing in some squats(深蹲) while she’s cooking. Part of her healthy diet is occasional brandy wine mixed with her coffee or water to aid circulation(血液循环).
She’s written a book about her experiences, titled Can’t Nothing Bring Me Down: Chasing Myself in the Race Against Time. Her philosophy is also suitable for a runner: “Every day is another day forward.”
9. Why did Keeling suffer from a deep depression
A. She had grown up poor. B. She had done hard work.
C. She had been in poor health. D. She had lost her husband and sons.
10. What contributes to Keeling’s setting records when she is very old
A. Travelling around the world. B. The mini-run experience.
C. Working out whenever possible. D. Brandy wine mixed with coffee.
11. Which of the following can best describe Keeling
A. Athletic and strong-willed. B. Caring and sport-loving.
C. Friendly and hard-working. D. Humorous and outgoing.
12. Which can be the best title for the text
A. Run forward. B. Never too old to learn.
C. Live healthily. D. Never give up hope in life.
Passage 16
When I suggested my 13-year-old try tennis, she quickly refused me. “I’m not sporty; stop trying to get me to do sports,” Julianna said. I had suggested it because some of my happiest recent memories were of playing ping-pong with her. Tennis seemed like a natural progression from ping-pong and a great way to work out some of her growing pains on a larger playing field. But my suggestion was always refused by her.
Still, I was undeterred. I believed that doing some sports would help Julianna manage her emotions. I’ve seen how sports help with stress. It worked for me when I was a teenage girl.
Midway into summer, we stayed at home, and Julianna and I felt really bored. “Do you want to play tennis ” I asked her at lunch one afternoon. Sure, she said. At that time, we were both eager to spend as much time as possible out of the house.
Arriving at the court, we set down our bags, picked up our rackets (球拍), and headed to our sides of the court. The net was like the growing divide between us — I desiring connection and my teenage daughter longing for independence.
I started by hitting a ball over the net, and Julianna took a big swing and missed. We repeated this several more times. I didn’t tell her she was holding the racket too close to the neck or she should step more into her forehand. My daughter wanted the chance to figure these things out for herself. We repeated the pattern of me hitting the ball and her missing it a few times before she finally got it back over the net. “This is fun,” she said with a mixture of surprise and delight and then she smiled widely.
Now we always find time to play tennis. We’re both eager for an activity that can ease tensions between us in daily life. It’s nice to have a place where both of us can release our negative moods and let them go.
13. Why did the author persuade her daughter to play tennis
A. Tennis was as popular as ping-pong.
B. They had a good time playing tennis together.
C. It would help her daughter make more like-minded friends.
D. It would be good for her daughter’s emotional management.
14. What does the underlined word “undeterred” mean in paragraph 2
A. Not dishonest. B. Not sure. C. Not discouraged. D. Not surprised.
15. What did the author do when her daughter missed the ball
A. She stood close to the net. B. She repeated hitting the ball.
C. She changed ends with her daughter. D. She instructed her daughter immediately.
16. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Mom Coaches Teen Daughter in Tennis
B. Mom Helps Teen Daughter Express Her Emotions
C. Mom Encourages Teen Daughter to Be Independent
D. Mom and Teen Daughter Find Some Peace on the Tennis Court
Passage 17
The first time I realized that I had a love for sports competitions was during the Field Day in elementary school. Small for my age, and more of a bookworm than a sports lover, I had suffered that special humiliation of being picked last for various gym teams. The Field Day, which focused on individual (个体的) skills, was different. In the Softball Throw event, I got my first taste of sporting victory. Credit goes to the example of my first coach, my father. He lifted weights every morning at home. He bought us all baseball gloves and hats, and in the warm months, we spent hours playing catch.
Once I got to sixth grade and switched to private school, our entire student body was assigned to either the Red or the White team. Throughout the year, we competed against each other in various games and exercises for points. I eventually became president of The Committee of Games. I also played on the field hockey team and the basketball team. And at home, playing tennis, skating, skiing and biking were simply normal things we did. During the break time, magazines were also quite popular for us teens. These regularly feature d articles on physical exercise. Somehow, my college roommate and I took up the habit of completing Royal Canadian Air Force(RCAF) exercises every day, a practice that continued into my marriage, when we had no spare money to use to join a gym.
So, though it shocks some of our friends, that early foundation (基础) continue in adulthood into a sports and fitness focus, considered important even on vacation. I still love reading and the arts, too. As far as I’m concerned, life is the richest with my feet in both worlds.
17. What does the underlined word “humiliation” mean in Paragraph 1
A. Responsibility. B. Shock. C. Shame. D. Glory.
18. The author thought she won in the Softball Throw event because of .
A. her confidence in her sports skills B. the efforts she put into exercising
C. her advanced sports gloves and hats D. the strong influence of her father
19. What happened after the author stepped into adulthood
A. She changed the focus into reading. B. She stuck to working out.
C. She regularly exercised on weekends. D. She joined Royal Canadian Air Force.
20. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To express her love for sports.
B. To show her father’s guidance on sports.
C. To stress the advantages of physical exercise.
D. To share her childhood memories about sports.
Passage 18
During the Covid-19 pandemic(新冠疫情),things like eating in a restaurant or air travel are impossible. What about going to the gym
When everybody was discussing how to make the best banana bread, during those very early quarantine(隔离) stages, I worked out and took some online fitness classes at home, including yoga. Honestly, I just wanted to do a cool headstand by the end of quarantine.
In high school,I liked running on the track. In college and beyond, I loved the weight room. When I finally accepted that home workouts would be the best for a while, I prepared some basic gym equipment.
In some ways, I feel it stupid to admit that I missed the gym. I’m fortunate in so many ways since the start of the pandemic, but my living room is just not the same as my gym.
There’s a wider choice of equipment,and I’ve missed my gym friends. After looking into my recently-opened local gym’s safety steps in New York, I finally decided to go back.
With a spare face mask and water bottle, I made my 10-minute journey to the gym at 7 :30 am. I filled out a detailed Covid-19 survey on my gym’s app before stepping foot inside. I always feel like I get a better workout at the gym, and for me, that includes lots of extra sweat.
Please keep your mask covering your nose and your mouth. I only saw two people wrongly wearing their masks, and an employee had to call them out. The best ways to avoid Covid-19 at the gym are to wash your hands, wear your mask, wipe down equipment, and avoid standing on top of other gym-goers. If you’re used to basic, good gym rules, it shouldn’t be too challenging.
21. What was the author doing during the quarantine
A. Making various fruit bread.
B. Searching for ways to beat the coronavirus.
C. Going out to the office for his usual work.
D. Following online healthcare classes at home.
22. What might be the advantage of going to a gym
A. A wide choice of equipment. B. The free food served there.
C. Discussion about good diet. D. No need for any face masks.
23. What advice does the author give about going to a gym
A. Avoiding standing close to the equipment.
B. Keeping a mask over your nose and mouth.
C. Taking some online classes about gym safety.
D. Choosing equipment that was challenging.
24. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Difference Between Going to the Gym and Home Exercise
B. My Discussion with People About Good Food and Exercise
C. My Experience of Going to the Gym Since Quarantine
D. My Finding About Things to Do When Working at the Office
Passage 19
Senior citizens with healthy and active lifestyles are a great inspiration for younger people. They show that life doesn’t end when you reach your 30s and above. You may age, but that is not enough reason to stop doing what you love unless you’re having health problems. Age really is just a number.
Physical activities like sports are a hobby that many young people enjoy. Most of them however believe that it will become difficult once they reach senior age. However, Lee Minor can disprove(证明……为误) that, as he is still an active runner, even at age 85. The man from Missouri loves running so much that he recently finished his 600th race. To make the moment even more special, he ran the race on his 85th birthday. Lee Minor has been running races since 1969 — he hasn’t stopped since then.
In his interview with Good Morning America, the 85-year-old mentioned the reasons why he loves running. “I’m a retired psychologist(心理学家), and I worked alone. I traveled a great deal, and having a chance to run with my family was so exciting to me. I often miss them,” Lee said. In race number 603, he was joined by 32 members of his family. Running became their tradition passed down to different generations.
Perhaps his desire to stay with his family kept him going. That love was clearly seen as he showed pictures of them during the interview. From his wife to his great-grandchildren, everyone had already taken part in a race.
He shared life advice with the younger people. “I hope you will never make negative self-comparisons to other people, like, ‘Why can’t I have the hair they have Why can’t I run as fast as they do ’ Also, be careful about what you tell yourself that you can’t do. We often just limit(限制) our possibilities,” Lee Minor advised.
25. How do active senior citizens inspire younger people
A. By showing that age doesn’t stop people from living life to the fullest.
B. By stressing the importance of keeping active at an early age.
C. By explaining that a person can’t turn back the clock.
D. By sharing many healthy lifestyles for all ages.
26. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Winning a race. B. Starting a hobby.
C. Doing physical activities. D. Celebrating a special birthday.
27. What is Lee’s expectation of younger people
A. They shouldn’t overly care about their appearances.
B. They should pay less attention to the result.
C. They should be a bit harder on themselves.
D. They shouldn’t put limits on themselves.
锻炼健身提高篇
Passage 20
Sport is not only physically challenging, but can also be mentally challenging. Criticism(批评) from coaches, parents and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping out of or quitting an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of growth are important years for learning about oneself and the sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find faults in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also pay attention that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport an other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find faults with youngsters’ performances. Positive support should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive support encourages and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph
A. Sport can be mentally challenging.
B. Stress should be made less.
C. Mental stress should be reduced.
D. Sport should be made less competitive.
2. Why is sport important for young people according to the passage
A. It enables them to criticize themselves.
B. It can provide them with valuable experiences.
C. It can help them learn more about society.
D. It teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves.
3. What should parents and coaches do according to the passage
A. Train children to deal with stress. B. Help children to win every game.
C. Make sure children enjoy sport. D. Understand the meaning of sport.
4. What’ s the author’ s purpose of writing the passage
A. To stress the importance of encouraging children in sport.
B. To persuade young children not to worry about criticism.
C. To teach young athletes how to avoid burnout.
D. To discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement.
Passage 21
“Practice makes perfect” is a very popular expression. However, can we take this saying literally Many scientific studies have sought to either prove or disprove this idea.
One popular theory is that if a person practises for at least 10, 000 hours, they will reach “perfection”, or become an expert in their field. This theory was made famous by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best-selling book, Outliers: The Story of Success. He mentioned the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates. Although they all seemed to have lots of natural talent, they also clearly put in over 10, 000 hours of practice before they became successful.
Gladwell’s work was largely based on research done by Anders Ericsson, who argued that Gladwell misinterpreted his research. Firstly, Ericsson stated that 10, 000 hours was an average figure. Some people needed far fewer than 10, 000 hours, and others many more. More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice was also essential. He went on to explain the importance of “deliberate practice”, which is when a person practises a specific part of a skill in depth rather than practising a skill as a whole.
A more recent study from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert level. Many people say that natural talent has a large influence on becoming an expert. Another natural factor is physical superiority, which is especially evident in sports. IQ, personality attitude, and starting age are decisive, too. But becoming an expert doesn’t equal instant success, which also relies on social and environmental factors.
In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead to significant improvement. Based on Ericsson’s research, here are some tips on how to practise effectively: be motivated; make specific and realistic goals; work outside your comfort zone; be consistent and persistent; and get plenty of rest! For those wanting to become an expert in something, remember that being motivated is key-enjoy what you do and follow your passions.
5. How did Gladwell support his idea
A. By listing numbers. B. By using examples.
C. By interviewing famous people. D. By mentioning other researchers.
6. Which of the following may Ericsson disagree with
A. Practice alone is far from enough.
B. About 10, 000 hours of practice leads to success.
C. Practice hours vary from person to person.
D. Deliberate practice is much more effective.
7. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A. The role of practice. B. Factors in creating experts.
C. The importance of natural talent. D. Warnings for experts.
8. What is the author’s attitude to the idea “Practice makes perfect”
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Neutral.
Passage 22
When we’re in trouble, we always ask our parents for help. But would you like them to hear the conversations you have with your friends on the school playground Social networking sites have become extensions(延伸) of the school hallways, so would you add your parents as “friends” and allow them to view your online activities and conversations with friends
In the past the generation gap included a technology gap, where children were up to date with the latest technology and parents were left behind, content to continue their day-to-day lives as they always had because they didn’t need to know more about technology. However, many parents are beginning to realize just how important social networks are in their lives. This realization has given many parents the motivation(动机) to educate themselves about social networking sites. These days many people are attracted to social networking sites because they can choose who they have around them, there’s also a amount of control over privacy(隐私) that we don’t get in real life. Sometimes we feel that privacy is violated(违背) when we must accept a “friend” request from family members.
It’s a difficult choice whether or not to allow parents to become a part of our online lives. Sometimes we don’t want to “refuse” their request because that might hurt their feelings or make them feel you have something to hide. But if you do accept, then you will feel yourself being watched and no longer feel free to communicate the way you did before.
A survey suggested parents shouldn’t take it personally if their children overlook(忽略) their requests. When a teenager overlooks a parent’s friend request, it doesn’t necessarily mean that he is hiding something, but it means that he wants to be independent.
Perhaps talking with parents and explaining would help soften the blow if you choose not to add them to your friend list.
9. What can we infer from Paragraph 2
A. Parents feel secure about their privacy online.
B. Parents have realized the importance of social networks.
C. Social networks successfully fill the generation gap.
D. Social networks offer parents a motivation to educate themselves.
10. What maybe the reason for teenagers to refuse a parent’s friend request
A. They hide something from their parents.
B. Their parents make negative comments on them.
C. They are unwilling to be watched by parents.
D. Their parents tend to fall behind in technology.
11. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. How to use the social networks correctly.
B. How do social networks affect people’s life.
C. Why do most of teenagers refuse their parents’ friend requests.
D. How to reduce the unpleasant influence of refusing parents’ friend requests.
12. What is the best title of the passage
A. Parents’ Friend Requests. B. Privacy Online.
C. The Importance of Relationship. D. The Development of Social Networks.
Passage 23
Once I was chatting with some friends about the fact that we all have accents(口音), most of them replied proudly, “Well, I speak perfect English or Chinese.” But this kind of reply is nowhere near the point.
More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one, or that their pronunciations are different from our own. But this understanding of accents is limiting and could cause prejudice(偏见). Funnily enough, in the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that decide our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do!
Every person speaks a dialect(方言), too. In the field-of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not ” (meaning “Have you eaten ”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to stop for a while doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different
We need to move beyond a narrow understanding of accents and dialects-for the good of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a special part of who they are. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.
13. What does the author think of his friends’ reply
A. It suggests their impoliteness. B. It shows their language levels.
C. It reflects their self-confidence. D. It misses the real meaning of accents.
14. Why does the author mention Singapore Oral English
A. To prove dialects are acceptable B. To correct a grammatical mistake.
C. To show different types of English. D. To encourage more changes to languages.
15. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. We should be pround of our cultures.
B. We should make friends more in the future
C. We should speak with our local dialect smote.
D. We should treasure the value of accents and dialects.
16. The author of the text is probably a .
A. cultural researcher B. public speaker
C. Chinese learner D. magazine editor
Passage 24
MADRID--What is it that makes people happy Youth, health, a good job, good looks, a flashy car None of these things, Spanish experts say.
The concept of happiness is coming under increasingly close examination in Spain. As the nation rises to the club of the world’s wealthiest countries, people are discovering that material things do not bring happiness.
“Most people use money as a measure of human value,” says Jesus Yn-fante, author of a book on Spain’s 300 Biggest Fortunes. “Expensive Products are regarded as the best. The rich are admired simply for being rich,” Yn-fante said. Yet psychologists(心理学家) warn that happiness cannot be bought. They advise people to look for it in human relations and in the small pleasures of everyday life.
Many people regard happiness as moment of ecstatic pleasure(狂喜) — something that, by definition, cannot last — while others speak of it as peace and acceptance of oneself. Polls(问卷调查) in different countries indicate that between 65 and 85 percent of the world’s population regard themselves as reasonably happy.
Around 40 percent of a person’s happiness is thought to be determined by genetics(遗传), while the rest depends on childhood environment and the process of growing up.
Perhaps the most surprising thing about happiness is that it has little to do with age, health, wealth, or other values thought to be important in western society.
For most Spaniards, happiness is linked with feeling close to other people.
Happy people accept their limitations and set themselves reachable goals, experts say. There are lifestyle choices which favour happiness, such as exercise, eating carbohydrates(含碳水化合物的食物) and exposing oneself to sunlight.
But the main secret of happiness is to take pleasure in small things.
“If you are given a choice between eternal (永久的) happiness and cheese sandwich, take the sandwich,” advises musician Julian Hernandez.
17. Spain, as this passage tells us, _________.
A. has built more clubs than the other countries
B. has owned the largest group of experts
C. has become one of the richest countries in the world
D. has produced the most wealth in the world
18. As psychologists warn in this passage, people can’t feel happy even if they _________.
A. have much money B. only care about themselves
C. Don’t do any homework D. have a few relations
19. Happy people, as we can find in this passage, __________.
A. are always full of feelings B. are always born in rich families
C. always enjoy every achievement they get D. always look down upon themselves
20. What Julian Hernandez advises at the end of this passage suggests that ___________.
A. he is not a happy musician B. he is leading a hard life
C. he doesn’t agree to the idea in this passage D. he is humorous
Passage 25
Many Chinese students think American students enjoy more freedom than them at school. But American schools also have their rules. If the students break the rules, they willget punishment, too. On the first day of a new term, 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes. There are altogether 1200 students in the school. Usually only 20 students break the school dress rule every day. So the headmaster Theresa Mayerik said it was the worst new term she had ever seen.
At Morton High School, students’ favorite clothing such as baggy(宽大的) trousers, low-necked shirts and tanktops(紧身短背心) are not allowed in classrooms. Some students think they have the right to choose what to wear. But the headmaster doesn’t think so. “I’d be supportive if half the school was sent home, because 99% will get the message that our school are for education.” “Freedom” does not mean “free of restrictions(约束)”. That is to say there is no total freedom in the world, no matter in the US or in China.
21. 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for _______.
A. not finishing their homework B. being late for school
C. not wearing the right clothes D. not listening to the teachers in class
22. Some students in Morton High School think that they have the right to ________.
A. decide when to go to school B. go to school or not
C. eat and drink in class D. choose what to wear
23. What does the underlined word “supportive” mean in Chinese
A. 高兴的 B. 支持的 C. 害怕的 D. 反对的
24. What’s the writer’s attitude to the school dress rule
A. Agree. B. Disagree. C. Not sure. D. Unclear.
Passage 26
Do you like traveling Many people choose backpacking(背着背包徒步旅行) because it not only helps save a lot of money, but also gives them another kind of experience. When you are planning a backpacking adventure, the first thing to do in your opinion may be the decision on the places where you will visit. However, it is not the most important thing. Great adventures will make you face great danger. So you should not only imagine the enjoyment you will have on the trip, but also think about the possible danger you might face.
Making travel insurance(保险) is the most staple. It can make sure that you stay safe on the trip. So you should buy a backpacker travel insurance policy(保险单) before you leave. Backpacker policies are specially designed to meet your needs by offering a high level of cover for a long time of travel. You can buy a backpacker policy from one week to two years or longer time. The backpacker insurance policy covers many activities such as swim and ski, and provides protection for these activities. So buying a backpacker travel insurance policy is very important.
It is a good idea to compare a few insurance companies before you make a decision. You should always carefully check the backpacker policy and make sure the activities you want to do are all covered by the policy.
25. The passage can interest the man who _________.
A. plans to go for a backpacking. B. runs a company selling sports clothes.
C. wants to become a tour guide in the future. D. is too busy to have a few days off.
26. The underlined word “staple” in the second paragraph may mean “_________”.
A. very reasonable. B. very difficult.
C. very important. D. very interesting.
27. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Backpacking insurance policies may cover sports protection.
B. We should find a good tour guide when backpacking.
C. We should take part in some activities such as swim and ski.
D. A lot of people want to spend some time backpacking.
28. What is the author’s attitude towards backpacking insurance
A. Cautions. B. Critical. C. subjective. D. Objective.
