Unit 3 Festivals and customs
引言解读
Customs tell a man who he is,where he belongs,what he must do.
—Robert A. Heinlein
风俗习惯告诉一个人他是谁，属于哪里，必须做什么。
——罗伯特·A.海因菜因
启示：该句出自美国现代科幻小说家罗伯特·A.海因莱因(1907-1988)的科幻小说《银河系公民》(Citizen of the Galaxy)。小说中，人类学家马德博士告诉主人公索比这句话，说明了风俗习惯在社会中发挥的重要作用。
名句积累 1.The joy of the heart makes the face merry.人逢喜事精神爽。 2.As one of the traditional Chinese festivals, it has been enjoying great popularity in our country.作为中国的传统节日之一，它在我们国家一直很受欢迎。 3. For centuries, the Chinese have celebrated this traditional festival to welcome a new year.几个世纪以来，中国人都以庆祝这个传统节日来迎接新的一年。 4. Not only should we spend some time with our family during festivals but also we need to keep our cultural traditions in mind.我们不仅要与家人共度节日，还应记住我们的文化传统。 5.On the Chinese New Year's Eve, family members get together and have a reunion dinner.除夕夜，家庭成员聚在一起吃团圆饭。 6.The Mid-Autumn Festival, which falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, is a festival with a long history.农历八月十五的中秋节，是一个有着悠久的历史的节日。 7.It's believed that the full moon is the symbol of reunion and luck.人们认为满月是团圆和好运的象征。 8. Celebrating festivals is a good way to hand down the tradition.庆祝节日是传承传统的好方法。
主题探究
本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”，话题是“节日与风俗”， 涉及“节日与风俗””的多个层面,涉及的语篇类型有视频、旅行日记、专题文章和幻灯片等。本单元的教学，旨在帮助学生了解各国不同的风俗和文化，引领学生理解文化内涵，比较文化异同，坚定文化自信，提高跨文化沟通能力和传播中国文化的能力。
整个单元的八个板块分别涉及“节日与风俗”的多个层面。以介绍三个不同国家节日的视频激发学生对节日的探究兴趣；两则旅行日记，通过介绍印度婚礼和里约狂欢节，提升学生对异域文化的理解能力；以改编自短篇小说《麦琪的礼物》的选段为情境，要求学生探索过去将来时的语法规则，并恰当地运用该时态为故事续写一个结尾；以写一篇推广中国传统节日的文章为任务，通过一系列读、听、说、写的活动培养语言能力，提升学科核心素养；要求学生阅读一篇有关中国家庭年夜饭的文章，体会中国传统的春节民俗文化，并理解其所负载的核心价值观念；通过合作学习、探究学习制作一份有关节日风俗的幻灯片；引导学生就“节日与风俗”这一话题的学习进行反思，运用元认知策略提升学习能力；运用资源策略，通过阅读名著和观看纪录片，在课后就单元话题进行自主、深入探究。
语篇品读 What's your favorite season What festivals happen during your favorite season Autumn Every year in September or October, the Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated by the Chinese people all over the world. On this day, the moon is said to be its biggest and brightest. People like to meet in the evening and watch the moon. The Mid-Autumn Festival is important because it is a special occasion for family. It is also a day for special foods like moon cakes. There are all kinds of moon cakes. Traditional moon cakes are usually made with bean paste, but nowadays, there are many different kinds of moon cakes including fruit, coffee, chocolate and even ice-cream moon cakes. Winter The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. It marks the end of the Chinese New Year celebrations. In the past, lanterns were usually lit by candles and decorated with pictures of birds, animals and flowers, etc. Nowadays, most lanterns are made with light bulbs and batteries, and they come in many shapes and sizes. In the north-eastern part of China, there are even ice-lanterns. The special food for the Lantern Festival is the sweet dumpling. Sweet dumplings are boiled and served in hot water. Summer The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar year. As it is in early summer, it marks the beginning of the hottest season of the year. The tradition of the Dragon Boat Festival started more than 2,000 years ago. In the old days, dragon boat races were organized only by Chinese people. However, in recent years, people from other cultures have also taken part in the races and enjoyed the fun. There is a special food for the festival. It is called zongzi, which is sticky rice in fresh bamboo leaves. 全文翻译 你最喜欢哪个季节 你最喜欢的季节有什么节日 秋天 每年九月或十月，全世界的中国人都会庆祝中秋节。据说在这一天，月亮是最大最亮的。人们喜欢在晚上见面看月亮。 中秋节很重要，因为它是家庭的特殊场合。它也是吃特殊食物的日子，比如月饼。有各种各样的月饼。传统的月饼通常是用豆沙做成的，但现在，有许多不同种类的月饼，包括水果、咖啡、巧克力甚至冰淇淋月饼。 冬天 元宵节是在农历正月十五。它标志着中国新年庆祝活动的结束。在过去，灯笼通常是用蜡烛点燃的，上面装饰着鸟、动物和花等图案。如今，大多数灯笼都是用灯泡和电池做成的，它们有很多形状和大小。在中国的东北地区，甚至还有冰灯。 元宵节的特色食物是汤圆。汤圆是用热水煮熟的。 夏天 端午节是在农历五月初五。因为现在是初夏，它标志着一年中最热季节的开始。 端午节的传统始于2000多年前。在过去，只有中国人才会组织龙舟比赛。然而，近年来，来自其他文化的人也参加了比赛，享受其中的乐趣。 这个节日有一种特别的食物。它被称为粽子，是用新鲜的竹叶做成的糯米。 词汇积累 1. celebrate v. 庆祝 2．special adj. 特别的 3. occasion n.[C]特殊场合 4．traditional adj.传统的 5. be made with...用……制作 6. Lantern n.[C]灯笼 7. fall on 恰逢 8. Lunar adj.月球的，月亮的 9. mark vt.标志 10.decorate vt.装饰 11. come vi.（以某些颜色、形式、样式、尺码)出现 12. boil vt. & vi.用沸水煮(或烫洗) 13. sticky adj. 粘稠的
题源探究
语篇品读 －－《新闻周刊》 （2022年全国乙卷B篇阅读选自本刊） The similarity of Chinese culture and English culture I’m a 22-year-old young man and came to China 4 months ago for the same reasons most people of my age do. They want to see the world and expand their minds. To explore more about China, I am currently teaching English in Guangdong. China hasn’t been the expected. Before I came, I was an aware of the level of ongoing development within the country. High-rise buildings, flat screen televisions, well-equipped classrooms... I found myself pleasantly surprised. Like other foreigners, I saw the funny side of the language barrier and tasted the chicken feet. I gave in to the flow of Chinese culture and haven’t looked back since, but it wasn't until today that I realized how naturally similar it is to my own. When the Chinese take a photograph, they won’t say “Cheese!” like we do back home in the U. K. Instead, they say the word “Eggplant! (茄子).” Amused at first, I suddenly realized that I had no reason to be critical. Cheese Eggplant Any difference China is home to one of the oldest and greatest cultures in the world. It is in this country that I have witnessed some of the most beautiful scenes that the human race can offer. We all share a way of life, no matter where we’re from or where we go. It’s my conclusion that though we shout random foods at a camera, at least, we’re all shouting words from the same category. How different can we really be So, instead of grasping onto your own culture, take a break and allow the culture of another country to embrace you. You may be surprised at the amount of similarities you find, just as I was this afternoon in sunny, southern China. 全文翻译 中英文化的相似处 我是一个22岁的年轻人，4个月前来到中国，原因和大多数同龄人一样。他们想看看这个世界，开阔眼界。为了更多地了解中国，我目前在广东教英语。 中国的表现出乎人们的意料。在我来之前，我对这个国家正在进行的发展水平有所了解。高楼大厦、平板电视、设备齐全的教室……我发现自己惊喜不已。像其他外国人一样，我看到了语言障碍有趣的一面，品尝了凤爪。我屈服于中国文化的流动，从此再也没有回头，但直到今天，我才意识到它与我自己的文化是多么天然的相似。 当中国人拍照时，他们不会说“Cheese!”就像我们在英国一样，他们会说“茄子!”(茄子).” 一开始我觉得很有趣，但我突然意识到我没有理由这么挑剔。奶酪 茄子吗 什么不同吗 中国是世界上最古老、最伟大的文化之一。正是在这个国家，我目睹了人类所能提供的一些最美丽的景色。无论我们来自哪里，无论我们去哪里，我们都有一种共同的生活方式。我的结论是，尽管我们对着镜头喊出随机的食物，但至少，我们喊的都是同一类别的词。我们到底能有多大的不同 所以，与其紧紧抓住自己的文化不放，不如休息一下，让另一个国家的文化拥抱你。你可能会对你发现的相似之处感到惊讶，就像今天下午我在阳光明媚的中国南方一样。 句式仿写 1．他跑得很快以便赶上那辆末班车。（动词不定式作目的状语） ________________________________________________ 2. 在春天，我们可以随时发现一些孩子在野外放风筝。(find的宾语补足语) ______________________________________________ 3．是我要去参加这个会议。（强调句） _____________________________________________ 4. 无论你选择去哪里旅行，你一定会体验到中国的传统文化。（no matte where） _____________________________________________
答案：
1.He ran quickly to catch the last bus.
2. In spring, we can always find some children flying kites in the field.
3. It is I that/who am going to attend the meeting.
4. No matter where you choose to travel, you are bound to experience the traditional Chinese culture.
拓展阅读
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 节日和风俗 去美国游玩的经历 309 5 min ★★★★☆
阅读理解
（2023上·山东青岛·高一校联考期中）When I was ten years old, I went to the US to visit some family friends. We travelled all the way from California to Las Vegas. I noticed something funny about the way everyone spoke English. I was thinking, “This is the way they speak in films!”
At the beginning of the holiday, one of my friends asked me if I wanted to order “French fries.” I couldn’t imagine what French fries were. What was fried and French ! Snails Cheese She was amazed that I had never tried them and she ordered a portion for us to share. When the waiter brought us some chips, I asked her where the French fries were. She pointed to the plate of chips! Later that week she said she was going to buy some “chips” from the supermarket. She came out with a packet of crisps!
During that holiday we were also offered “biscuits and gravy” with our lunch. This was a very strange idea to me, because in England biscuits are sweet. Gravy is a salty, meat-based sauce. I later realized that “biscuits” in America are savoury snacks. What we call “biscuits,” they call “cookies.”
One day, I saw an “eggplant” pizza on the menu in a restaurant! Eggs do not grow on plants, I thought. What on earth could an “eggplant” be Something eggy and leafy My dad ordered this pizza and it was covered in aubergines. I asked him where the “eggplant” was. He laughed and pointed to the aubergines. He told me, “They call this ‘eggplant’ in America!”
Although the same “language” may be spoken in different countries, there are likely to be many differences, not just in vocabulary but also in spelling, grammar and pronunciation! I think part of the excitement of learning a language is discovering the differences in how it is spoken in different places.
1．What can we learn from paragraph 2
A．Holiday is a good time to relax. B．French fries are popular worldwide.
C．The waiter provided poor service. D．Chips and crisps are the same food.
2．Where does the author most probably come from
A．America. B．France. C．England. D．Italy.
3．How did the author feel when seeing an “eggplant” pizza on the menu
A．Excited. B．Regretful. C．Anxious. D．Confused.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Advantages of travelling. B．High-end restaurants.
C．Food and tradition. D．Cross-cultural misunderstanding.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在十岁时去美国游玩的经历，在游玩期间，作者在美国经历了英式英语和美式英语在词汇、拼写、语法和发音上的不同。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Later that week she said she was going to buy some “chips” from the supermarket. She came out with a packet of crisps!(那周晚些时候，她说她要去超市买一些“chips”。她拿着一包crisps出来了！)”可知，chips和crisps是同一种食物。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“This was a very strange idea to me, because in England biscuits are sweet.(这对我来说是一个非常奇怪的想法，因为在英国饼干是甜的)”可推知，作者来自英国。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“What on earth could an “eggplant” be Something eggy and leafy (“茄子”到底是什么？有鸡蛋和叶子的东西？)”可知，当看到菜单上的“茄子”披萨时，作者感到困惑。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Although the same “language” may be spoken in different countries, there are likely to be many differences, not just in vocabulary but also in spelling, grammar and pronunciation! I think part of the excitement of learning a language is discovering the differences in how it is spoken in different places.(虽然同一种“语言”可能在不同的国家说，但很可能存在许多差异，不仅在词汇上，而且在拼写、语法和发音上！我认为学习一门语言的兴奋之处在于发现不同地方说这种语言的差异)”结合文章讲述了作者在十岁时去美国游玩的经历，在游玩期间，作者在美国经历了英式英语和美式英语在词汇、拼写、语法和发音上的不同。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是跨文化误解。故选D。
Passage 2
阅读理解
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 节日与风俗 沉默在不同的文化中所代表的含义 338 5 min ★★★★☆
（2023上·四川成都·高一成都外国语学校校考期中）The meaning of silence can be different among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show uneasiness or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore, attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts (冲突) among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority (权威) rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to understand the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
5．What does the author say about silence in conversations
A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship.
C．It depends on culture. D．It is based on context.
6．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought
A．The Chinese. B．The French. C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians.
7．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence
A．Let it continue as the patient wants. B．Break it while treating patients.
C．Evaluate (评估) its harm to patients. D．Make use of its healing effects.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Sound and Silence B．What It Means to Be Silent
C．Silence to Native Americans D．Speech Is Silver, Silence Is Gold
【答案】5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了沉默在不同的文化中所代表的含义。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The meaning of silence can be different among cultural groups.(在不同的文化群体中，沉默的含义是不同的)”和“Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore, attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.(沉默可能被一些文化群体视为极其不舒服；因此，可以尝试用对话来填补每一个空白。其他文化群体的人看重沉默，认为沉默是理解一个人需求的必要条件)”可知，作者认为沉默是有文化属性的，在不同的文化中沉默的含义不同，故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.(许多印第安人重视沉默，认为这是人与人之间交流的基本组成部分，就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人一样。因此，当一个来自这些文化的人正在讲话时，突然停下来，可能是在暗示这个人希望听者在继续之前考虑一下他说了什么。在这些文化中，沉默意味着需要反思)”可知，中国人会把沉默看作是需要仔细思考，故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.(了解沉默的治疗价值的护士可以利用这种理解来帮助照顾来自自己和其他文化的病人)”可知，作者建议护士利用沉默的治愈价值，故选D。
8．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“The meaning of silence can be different among cultural groups.(在不同的文化群体中，沉默的含义是不同的)”可知，文章主要介绍了沉默在不同的文化中所代表的含义。B项“沉默是什么意思”为最佳标题，故选B。
Passage 3
语法填空
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 节日与风俗 中西方食物与饮食习惯的差异 240 min ★★★★☆
（2023上·湖北·高一沙市中学校考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese food and the differences between Chinese and Western diets are both things that cause the 1 (curious) of most people who visit China. Moreover, when 2 (travel) through China, you’ll most likely pick up on a few differences in the way of eating food. For instance, soup in the West 3 (enjoy) generally as an appetizer (开胃菜) meal, while the Chinese prefer to enjoy their soup at the end of a meal.
You might also notice some distinct differences in meal preparation and cooking techniques. Therefore, cooking classes are becoming an 4 (increase) popular activity among those interested in learning more about China’s culture through its cuisine. If you’re looking to take it a step 5 (far), keep an eye out for cooking classes 6 (hold) by residents in their own homes.
7 it comes to traditional Chinese games, the Chinese have always been sociable people. Despite the country’s super technological advancement and the increasing popularity of personal electronic devices, the majority of Chinese would rather spend time socializing with others than sit alone at home. From popular board games like Go (围棋) and Chinese chess to kids’ games like Chinese jump rope, China offers 8 (vary) options to keep people busy. Most locals are more than happy to share their traditions 9 foreign visitors, so don’t be shy to ask the next time you go for 10 walk through the park.
【答案】
1．curiosity 2．travelling 3．is enjoyed 4．increasingly 5．further/farther 6．held 7．When 8．various/varied 9．with 10．a
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中西方食物与饮食习惯的差异及中国的娱乐活动。
1．考查名词。句意：中国食物和中西方饮食的差异都引起大多数访问中国的人的好奇心。定冠词the修饰名词，空处需填名词curiosity，作宾语，curiosity是不可数名词。故填curiosity。
2．考查省略句。句意：此外，在中国旅行时，你很可能会发现一些不同的饮食方式。when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，完整的从句是when you are travelling through China，省略you are。故填travelling。
3．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：例如，在西方，汤通常是开胃菜，而中国人喜欢在用餐结束时喝汤。此处描述客观事实，故用一般现在时，soup与enjoy是动宾关系，故用被动语态，因为主语soup是不可数名词，故填is enjoyed。
4．考查副词。句意：因此，烹饪班正成为那些有兴趣通过烹饪了解中国文化的人们越来越受欢迎的活动。修饰形容词popular需用副词increasingly，作状语。故填increasingly。
5．考查副词的比较级。句意：如果你想更进一步学习，留意一下居民在自己家里举办的烹饪课。空处需填副词作状语，此处表示“更进一步”，故用副词比较级further/farther，作状语，故填further/farther。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处需填非谓语动词，作后置定语，修饰名词cooking classes，二者为逻辑动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填held。
7．考查固定句型。句意：说到中国传统游戏，中国人一直都是善于交际的人。When it comes to…为固定句型，意为“当提到……”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填When。
8．考查形容词。句意：从流行的围棋和象棋等棋盘游戏到跳绳等儿童游戏，中国提供了各种各样的选择让人们忙碌起来。此处应填形容词various或varied，作定语，修饰名词options，表示“各种各样的”。故填various/varied。
9．考查介词。句意：大多数当地人都非常乐意与外国游客分享他们的传统，所以下次你在公园散步时，不要羞于开口。share…with…为固定搭配，意为“和……分享”。故填with。
10．考查冠词。句意同上。go for a walk为固定短语，意为“出去散步”。故填a。
教材语篇梳理
Reading
答案：1. wedding2. customs3. celebrations4. street
课文语法填空
Alex Zhang wrote the travel journal about his 1. (experience) of attending an Indian wedding ceremony and the Rio Carnival. When he was invited to attend his friend’s sister’s wedding in India, he 2. (definite) knew it would be an opportunity 3. (learn) the local culture. 4. impressed Alex deeply was that the bridegroom entered 5. a beautiful white horse. The couple also joined hands 6. (walk) around the fire four times.
To experience the spirit of the Carnival for himself, he went to 7. street party. The Carnival was full of happy and 8. (excite) moments. Even as he 9. (lie) in bed that evening, the bright colours and lively music 10. (be) still swimming all around him. He was really amazed by the first day in Rio.
答案：1. experiences 2. definitely 3. to learn 4. What 5. on 6. walking 7. a 8. exciting 9. lay 10. were
阅读微技能---如何寻找主旨大意 1. 读首句抓大意。说明文、议论文等文章的主题句多放在文章开头, 抓住了主题句就抓住了文章的中心, 因此要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。 2. 读尾句抓大意。有时文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾, 作为全篇的总结。 3. 读首尾抓大意。有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句, 这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用的两次点题的写作方法, 通常前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面点题是进一步的总结, 是引申, 是发展。 4. 从段落中抓大意。有些文章或段落的主题句居中, 这种文章或段落往往以一句或几句话引出要表达的主题, 在主题句出现以后, 再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。 5. 归纳分析抓大意。有些文章或段落无明显的主题句, 但字里行间无不体现主题, 这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括主旨大意。
Passage 1
阅读七选五
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 节日与风俗 文化差异 229 8 min ★★★★☆
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 36 . Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37 .
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand.People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 38 , instead preferring to use their hands.In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers.People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
39 .In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills.Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 40 , the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A.The more friends you make in your lifetime
B.The more time you spend in any given country
C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D.Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E.It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
答案:36-40 DFCGB
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了不同国家的就餐文化。
36.【解析】选D。根据上句“Cultural dining etiquette might surprise you with some of its important rules”可知,文化餐饮礼仪的一些重要规则可能会让你大吃一惊,据此可知, 空处承接该句说明不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误,故D项正确。
37.【解析】选F。根据上句“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.”可知,当你把筷子放在旁边时,一定要把它们放在一起,这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行。据此可以推知,下句应与此对应,介绍放筷子的禁忌:不要把它们直立在食物中,也不要在使用时交叉放置。
38.【解析】选C。根据前文“In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand.People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.”可知,在印度和中东地区,用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你吃饭时每只手里都拿着餐具。据此可知,空处应与此对应,介绍不同国家使用餐具的礼仪。C项:墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的,与此对应。
39.【解析】选G。根据该段标题Making Requests可知,该段主要介绍给厨师提出请求的礼仪;根据下句“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills.”可知,在葡萄牙,这将是一个严重的错误,因为这表明你不喜欢厨师的调味技巧。据此可知,空处介绍的是要求添加调味剂。G项“吃饭时要盐和胡椒粉似乎是一个简单的请求”,符合语境,故G项正确。
40.【解析】选B。根据下文“the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.”可知,该句使用了the more...the more句型,表示“越……就越……”,根据语境和常识可知,你在一个特定的国家待的时间越长,你就会对这个国家的文化习俗感到越舒适。故B项正确。
Passage 2
阅读七选五
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 节日与风俗 体验巴黎生活 265 8 min ★★☆
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 ) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率).You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A.Not all the customers are tourists.
B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E.That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G.The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
答案:36-40 FCGEA
【导语】文章讲述了作者夫妻二人在巴黎体验长达一周的当地生活。
36.【解析】选F。结合下文,“So the first thing we did...”可知“所以我们租了一套公寓”,前面空格处应该给出原因,故选F项。
37.【解析】选C。由上文可知,这个地方并不完全像地道的巴黎。结合空前一句讲的是“plumbing”,空后一句讲的是“a tiny lift”,本句内容应该涉及房子的情况,故选C项。
38.【解析】选G。根据上文可知,巴黎人吃美味的食物却从不发胖,下文又写了法国草莓的美味。因此该处内容与巴黎人吃不胖以及食物美味有关,G选项“食物如此美味,你不需要吃太多就能感到快乐”符合语境,故选G项。
39.【解析】选E。上文提到巴黎人吃美味的食物却从不发胖,食物美味,不需要吃太多就能感到快乐,下文提到巴黎食物贵,由此推断,这也是法国人比我们吃得少的一个原因。故选E项。
40.【解析】选A。结合上一句“crowded”,和下一句“这些人什么时候工作呢 ”此句“并非所有的顾客都是游客”贴切,故选A项。
Passage 3
语法填空
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 节日与风俗 第一个国际茶日 223 8 min ★★★
(2022·全国乙卷)
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61. the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62. festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63. (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 64. (large) tea-producing country, China has a 65. (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 66. (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67. cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
68. (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 69. (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 70. (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
答案:61.by 62.the 63. addressed 64.largest 65.responsibility
66. shared 67.and 68. To strengthen 69.inviting 70.its
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,文章介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日,晋商博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
61.【解析】by。考查介词。句意:2019年11月27日,联合国正式将今年的5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知,此处表达“被联合国命名”。表示被动,使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
62.【解析】the。考查冠词。句意:为了庆祝这一节日,周四在北京的晋商博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
63.【解析】addressed。考查时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去的事情,用一般过去时。故填addressed。
64.【解析】largest。考查形容词最高级。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知,中国是最大产茶国,所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
65.【解析】responsibility。考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
66.【解析】 shared。考查非谓语动词。句意:这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词作定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
67.【解析】and。考查连词。句意:仪式上发布的“首届国际茶日茶路合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来,促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分,作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
68.【解析】 To strengthen。考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
69.【解析】inviting。考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。因逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
70.【解析】 its。考查代词。句意:在仪式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭幕,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真——馆藏普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。Unit 3 Festivals and customs
引言解读
Customs tell a man who he is,where he belongs,what he must do.
—Robert A. Heinlein
风俗习惯告诉一个人他是谁，属于哪里，必须做什么。
——罗伯特·A.海因菜因
启示：该句出自美国现代科幻小说家罗伯特·A.海因莱因(1907-1988)的科幻小说《银河系公民》(Citizen of the Galaxy)。小说中，人类学家马德博士告诉主人公索比这句话，说明了风俗习惯在社会中发挥的重要作用。
名句积累 1.The joy of the heart makes the face merry.人逢喜事精神爽。 2.As one of the traditional Chinese festivals, it has been enjoying great popularity in our country.作为中国的传统节日之一，它在我们国家一直很受欢迎。 3. For centuries, the Chinese have celebrated this traditional festival to welcome a new year.几个世纪以来，中国人都以庆祝这个传统节日来迎接新的一年。 4. Not only should we spend some time with our family during festivals but also we need to keep our cultural traditions in mind.我们不仅要与家人共度节日，还应记住我们的文化传统。 5.On the Chinese New Year's Eve, family members get together and have a reunion dinner.除夕夜，家庭成员聚在一起吃团圆饭。 6.The Mid-Autumn Festival, which falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, is a festival with a long history.农历八月十五的中秋节，是一个有着悠久的历史的节日。 7.It's believed that the full moon is the symbol of reunion and luck.人们认为满月是团圆和好运的象征。 8. Celebrating festivals is a good way to hand down the tradition.庆祝节日是传承传统的好方法。
主题探究
本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”，话题是“节日与风俗”， 涉及“节日与风俗””的多个层面,涉及的语篇类型有视频、旅行日记、专题文章和幻灯片等。本单元的教学，旨在帮助学生了解各国不同的风俗和文化，引领学生理解文化内涵，比较文化异同，坚定文化自信，提高跨文化沟通能力和传播中国文化的能力。
整个单元的八个板块分别涉及“节日与风俗”的多个层面。以介绍三个不同国家节日的视频激发学生对节日的探究兴趣；两则旅行日记，通过介绍印度婚礼和里约狂欢节，提升学生对异域文化的理解能力；以改编自短篇小说《麦琪的礼物》的选段为情境，要求学生探索过去将来时的语法规则，并恰当地运用该时态为故事续写一个结尾；以写一篇推广中国传统节日的文章为任务，通过一系列读、听、说、写的活动培养语言能力，提升学科核心素养；要求学生阅读一篇有关中国家庭年夜饭的文章，体会中国传统的春节民俗文化，并理解其所负载的核心价值观念；通过合作学习、探究学习制作一份有关节日风俗的幻灯片；引导学生就“节日与风俗”这一话题的学习进行反思，运用元认知策略提升学习能力；运用资源策略，通过阅读名著和观看纪录片，在课后就单元话题进行自主、深入探究。
语篇品读 What's your favorite season What festivals happen during your favorite season Autumn Every year in September or October, the Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated by the Chinese people all over the world. On this day, the moon is said to be its biggest and brightest. People like to meet in the evening and watch the moon. The Mid-Autumn Festival is important because it is a special occasion for family. It is also a day for special foods like moon cakes. There are all kinds of moon cakes. Traditional moon cakes are usually made with bean paste, but nowadays, there are many different kinds of moon cakes including fruit, coffee, chocolate and even ice-cream moon cakes. Winter The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. It marks the end of the Chinese New Year celebrations. In the past, lanterns were usually lit by candles and decorated with pictures of birds, animals and flowers, etc. Nowadays, most lanterns are made with light bulbs and batteries, and they come in many shapes and sizes. In the north-eastern part of China, there are even ice-lanterns. The special food for the Lantern Festival is the sweet dumpling. Sweet dumplings are boiled and served in hot water. Summer The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar year. As it is in early summer, it marks the beginning of the hottest season of the year. The tradition of the Dragon Boat Festival started more than 2,000 years ago. In the old days, dragon boat races were organized only by Chinese people. However, in recent years, people from other cultures have also taken part in the races and enjoyed the fun. There is a special food for the festival. It is called zongzi, which is sticky rice in fresh bamboo leaves. 全文翻译 你最喜欢哪个季节 你最喜欢的季节有什么节日 秋天 每年九月或十月，全世界的中国人都会庆祝中秋节。据说在这一天，月亮是最大最亮的。人们喜欢在晚上见面看月亮。 中秋节很重要，因为它是家庭的特殊场合。它也是吃特殊食物的日子，比如月饼。有各种各样的月饼。传统的月饼通常是用豆沙做成的，但现在，有许多不同种类的月饼，包括水果、咖啡、巧克力甚至冰淇淋月饼。 冬天 元宵节是在农历正月十五。它标志着中国新年庆祝活动的结束。在过去，灯笼通常是用蜡烛点燃的，上面装饰着鸟、动物和花等图案。如今，大多数灯笼都是用灯泡和电池做成的，它们有很多形状和大小。在中国的东北地区，甚至还有冰灯。 元宵节的特色食物是汤圆。汤圆是用热水煮熟的。 夏天 端午节是在农历五月初五。因为现在是初夏，它标志着一年中最热季节的开始。 端午节的传统始于2000多年前。在过去，只有中国人才会组织龙舟比赛。然而，近年来，来自其他文化的人也参加了比赛，享受其中的乐趣。 这个节日有一种特别的食物。它被称为粽子，是用新鲜的竹叶做成的糯米。 词汇积累 1. celebrate v. 庆祝 2．special adj. 特别的 3. occasion n.[C]特殊场合 4．traditional adj.传统的 5. be made with...用……制作 6. Lantern n.[C]灯笼 7. fall on 恰逢 8. Lunar adj.月球的，月亮的 9. mark vt.标志 10.decorate vt.装饰 11. come vi.（以某些颜色、形式、样式、尺码)出现 12. boil vt. & vi.用沸水煮(或烫洗) 13. sticky adj. 粘稠的
题源探究
语篇品读 －－《新闻周刊》 （2022年全国乙卷B篇阅读选自本刊） The similarity of Chinese culture and English culture I’m a 22-year-old young man and came to China 4 months ago for the same reasons most people of my age do. They want to see the world and expand their minds. To explore more about China, I am currently teaching English in Guangdong. China hasn’t been the expected. Before I came, I was an aware of the level of ongoing development within the country. High-rise buildings, flat screen televisions, well-equipped classrooms... I found myself pleasantly surprised. Like other foreigners, I saw the funny side of the language barrier and tasted the chicken feet. I gave in to the flow of Chinese culture and haven’t looked back since, but it wasn't until today that I realized how naturally similar it is to my own. When the Chinese take a photograph, they won’t say “Cheese!” like we do back home in the U. K. Instead, they say the word “Eggplant! (茄子).” Amused at first, I suddenly realized that I had no reason to be critical. Cheese Eggplant Any difference China is home to one of the oldest and greatest cultures in the world. It is in this country that I have witnessed some of the most beautiful scenes that the human race can offer. We all share a way of life, no matter where we’re from or where we go. It’s my conclusion that though we shout random foods at a camera, at least, we’re all shouting words from the same category. How different can we really be So, instead of grasping onto your own culture, take a break and allow the culture of another country to embrace you. You may be surprised at the amount of similarities you find, just as I was this afternoon in sunny, southern China. 全文翻译 中英文化的相似处 我是一个22岁的年轻人，4个月前来到中国，原因和大多数同龄人一样。他们想看看这个世界，开阔眼界。为了更多地了解中国，我目前在广东教英语。 中国的表现出乎人们的意料。在我来之前，我对这个国家正在进行的发展水平有所了解。高楼大厦、平板电视、设备齐全的教室……我发现自己惊喜不已。像其他外国人一样，我看到了语言障碍有趣的一面，品尝了凤爪。我屈服于中国文化的流动，从此再也没有回头，但直到今天，我才意识到它与我自己的文化是多么天然的相似。 当中国人拍照时，他们不会说“Cheese!”就像我们在英国一样，他们会说“茄子!”(茄子).” 一开始我觉得很有趣，但我突然意识到我没有理由这么挑剔。奶酪 茄子吗 什么不同吗 中国是世界上最古老、最伟大的文化之一。正是在这个国家，我目睹了人类所能提供的一些最美丽的景色。无论我们来自哪里，无论我们去哪里，我们都有一种共同的生活方式。我的结论是，尽管我们对着镜头喊出随机的食物，但至少，我们喊的都是同一类别的词。我们到底能有多大的不同 所以，与其紧紧抓住自己的文化不放，不如休息一下，让另一个国家的文化拥抱你。你可能会对你发现的相似之处感到惊讶，就像今天下午我在阳光明媚的中国南方一样。 句式仿写 1．他跑得很快以便赶上那辆末班车。（动词不定式作目的状语） ________________________________________________ 2. 在春天，我们可以随时发现一些孩子在野外放风筝。(find的宾语补足语) ______________________________________________ 3．是我要去参加这个会议。（强调句） _____________________________________________ 4. 无论你选择去哪里旅行，你一定会体验到中国的传统文化。（no matte where） _____________________________________________
拓展阅读
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 节日和风俗 去美国游玩的经历 309 5 min ★★★★☆
阅读理解
（2023上·山东青岛·高一校联考期中）When I was ten years old, I went to the US to visit some family friends. We travelled all the way from California to Las Vegas. I noticed something funny about the way everyone spoke English. I was thinking, “This is the way they speak in films!”
At the beginning of the holiday, one of my friends asked me if I wanted to order “French fries.” I couldn’t imagine what French fries were. What was fried and French ! Snails Cheese She was amazed that I had never tried them and she ordered a portion for us to share. When the waiter brought us some chips, I asked her where the French fries were. She pointed to the plate of chips! Later that week she said she was going to buy some “chips” from the supermarket. She came out with a packet of crisps!
During that holiday we were also offered “biscuits and gravy” with our lunch. This was a very strange idea to me, because in England biscuits are sweet. Gravy is a salty, meat-based sauce. I later realized that “biscuits” in America are savoury snacks. What we call “biscuits,” they call “cookies.”
One day, I saw an “eggplant” pizza on the menu in a restaurant! Eggs do not grow on plants, I thought. What on earth could an “eggplant” be Something eggy and leafy My dad ordered this pizza and it was covered in aubergines. I asked him where the “eggplant” was. He laughed and pointed to the aubergines. He told me, “They call this ‘eggplant’ in America!”
Although the same “language” may be spoken in different countries, there are likely to be many differences, not just in vocabulary but also in spelling, grammar and pronunciation! I think part of the excitement of learning a language is discovering the differences in how it is spoken in different places.
1．What can we learn from paragraph 2
A．Holiday is a good time to relax. B．French fries are popular worldwide.
C．The waiter provided poor service. D．Chips and crisps are the same food.
2．Where does the author most probably come from
A．America. B．France. C．England. D．Italy.
3．How did the author feel when seeing an “eggplant” pizza on the menu
A．Excited. B．Regretful. C．Anxious. D．Confused.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Advantages of travelling. B．High-end restaurants.
C．Food and tradition. D．Cross-cultural misunderstanding.
Passage 2
阅读理解
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 节日与风俗 沉默在不同的文化中所代表的含义 338 5 min ★★★★☆
（2023上·四川成都·高一成都外国语学校校考期中）The meaning of silence can be different among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show uneasiness or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore, attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts (冲突) among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority (权威) rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to understand the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
5．What does the author say about silence in conversations
A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship.
C．It depends on culture. D．It is based on context.
6．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought
A．The Chinese. B．The French. C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians.
7．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence
A．Let it continue as the patient wants. B．Break it while treating patients.
C．Evaluate (评估) its harm to patients. D．Make use of its healing effects.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Sound and Silence B．What It Means to Be Silent
C．Silence to Native Americans D．Speech Is Silver, Silence Is Gold
Passage 3
语法填空
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 节日与风俗 中西方食物与饮食习惯的差异 240 min ★★★★☆
（2023上·湖北·高一沙市中学校考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese food and the differences between Chinese and Western diets are both things that cause the 1 (curious) of most people who visit China. Moreover, when 2 (travel) through China, you’ll most likely pick up on a few differences in the way of eating food. For instance, soup in the West 3 (enjoy) generally as an appetizer (开胃菜) meal, while the Chinese prefer to enjoy their soup at the end of a meal.
You might also notice some distinct differences in meal preparation and cooking techniques. Therefore, cooking classes are becoming an 4 (increase) popular activity among those interested in learning more about China’s culture through its cuisine. If you’re looking to take it a step 5 (far), keep an eye out for cooking classes 6 (hold) by residents in their own homes.
7 it comes to traditional Chinese games, the Chinese have always been sociable people. Despite the country’s super technological advancement and the increasing popularity of personal electronic devices, the majority of Chinese would rather spend time socializing with others than sit alone at home. From popular board games like Go (围棋) and Chinese chess to kids’ games like Chinese jump rope, China offers 8 (vary) options to keep people busy. Most locals are more than happy to share their traditions 9 foreign visitors, so don’t be shy to ask the next time you go for 10 walk through the park.
教材语篇梳理
Reading
课文语法填空
Alex Zhang wrote the travel journal about his 1. (experience) of attending an Indian wedding ceremony and the Rio Carnival. When he was invited to attend his friend’s sister’s wedding in India, he 2. (definite) knew it would be an opportunity 3. (learn) the local culture. 4. impressed Alex deeply was that the bridegroom entered 5. a beautiful white horse. The couple also joined hands 6. (walk) around the fire four times.
To experience the spirit of the Carnival for himself, he went to 7. street party. The Carnival was full of happy and 8. (excite) moments. Even as he 9. (lie) in bed that evening, the bright colours and lively music 10. (be) still swimming all around him. He was really amazed by the first day in Rio.
阅读微技能---如何寻找主旨大意 1. 读首句抓大意。说明文、议论文等文章的主题句多放在文章开头, 抓住了主题句就抓住了文章的中心, 因此要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。 2. 读尾句抓大意。有时文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾, 作为全篇的总结。 3. 读首尾抓大意。有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句, 这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用的两次点题的写作方法, 通常前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面点题是进一步的总结, 是引申, 是发展。 4. 从段落中抓大意。有些文章或段落的主题句居中, 这种文章或段落往往以一句或几句话引出要表达的主题, 在主题句出现以后, 再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。 5. 归纳分析抓大意。有些文章或段落无明显的主题句, 但字里行间无不体现主题, 这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括主旨大意。
Passage 1
阅读七选五
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 节日与风俗 文化差异 229 8 min ★★★★☆
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 36 . Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37 .
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand.People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 38 , instead preferring to use their hands.In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers.People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
39 .In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills.Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 40 , the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A.The more friends you make in your lifetime
B.The more time you spend in any given country
C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D.Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E.It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
Passage 2
阅读七选五
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 节日与风俗 体验巴黎生活 265 8 min ★★☆
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 ) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率).You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A.Not all the customers are tourists.
B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E.That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G.The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
Passage 3
语法填空
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 节日与风俗 第一个国际茶日 223 8 min ★★★
(2022·全国乙卷)
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61. the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62. festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63. (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 64. (large) tea-producing country, China has a 65. (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 66. (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67. cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
68. (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 69. (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 70. (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
