牛津译林版(2019)必修 第三册Unit 2 Natural disasters同步拓展阅读提升练(原卷版+解析版)

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名称 牛津译林版(2019)必修 第三册Unit 2 Natural disasters同步拓展阅读提升练(原卷版+解析版)
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Unit 2 Natural disasters
核心 词 汇 词 组 主题相关词汇 county,injure, disaster, reaction, crash, signal, exit, orderly, stair, roll, confirm, hug, procedure, odd, occur, relief, typhoon, destructive, pole, inform, hurricane, conference, shock, scare, power, supply, donate, charity, staff, slide, fund, flood, downstairs, document, honey, otherwise, curious, erupt, unearth, destination, bar, import, export, port, cloud-capped, volcano, trunk, unbearable, beyond, distance, pattern, column, rescue, sharp, locate, retire
at large,roll call,safe and sound,keep one's head,occur to,run out of,take the form of,break out,far and wide
灾难类型 downpour暴雨 flood洪水 haze霾 mudslide泥石流 landslide山体滑坡 earthquake地震 aftershock余震 avalanche雪崩 drought干旱 famine饥荒 hail冰雹 blizzard暴风雪 hurricane飓风 tornado龙卷风 epidemic流行病 volcano火山
核心 语法 在语境中正确使用动词不定式(做定语、结果状语),尤其是在书面表达中。
必备 能力 语篇:新闻报道的语篇结构特征,文学作品的题材特点,故事的构成要素; 表达:续写故事,注意文体、内容、意义等方面的衔接和一致。
学科 素养 1. 就自然灾害话题进行交流,了解救援方法; 2. 赏析文学作品中对自然灾害的描写,完成洪灾故事的续写。
核心 价值 1. 了解自然灾害相关知识; 2. 学会科学应对和逃生自助。
引言解读
Nature is kind of a loving mother, but also a butcher in cold blood.
— Victor Hugo
释义:大自然是一位慈爱的母亲,但也是一位冷血的屠夫。
——维克多·雨果
启示:不论是水灾、旱灾、台风,寒潮、地震、火山,还是历史上的虫灾、或是前几年新冠肺炎之类的瘟疫,其实一直存在,无规律地发生。它们让人类的财产受损,甚至夺走了生命。在灾难面前,我们应学会科学预测,防范于未然,将损失降低到最小;同时也要保持冷静,勇敢面对。生于忧患,死于安乐,多难兴邦。从某种意义上来说,人类也应尊重自然规律,避免遭到自然的惩罚。
与灾难相关的名言欣赏 1. I always tried to turn every disaster into an opportunity. — John D. Rockefeller 我总是试图把每一次灾难变成一次机会。 ——约翰·D·洛克菲勒 2. I beg you take courage; the brave soul can mend even disaster. — Catherine the Great 我请求你鼓起勇气;勇敢的灵魂甚至可以治愈灾难。 —— 凯瑟琳大帝 3. Life on Earth is at the ever-increasing risk of being wiped out by a disaster, such as sudden global nuclear war, a genetically engineered virus or other dangers we have not yet thought of. — Stephen Hawking 地球上的生命面临着越来越大的被灾难消灭的风险,例如突如其来全球核战争、基因工程编辑出的病毒或我们尚未想到的其他危险。 ————史蒂芬·霍金
Understanding of the Quote in the Unit The foundation of human life is a healthy environment. It provides us with everything we need to survive. However, we are putting the planet under enormous pressure—we are using up the Earth’s natural resources, polluting its air and water, destabilizing the climate and driving many species to extinction. If we don’t stop to protect the environment, what we do will eventually come back to bother us. Close your eyes and imagine one day all you can see are the drained rivers and boundless deserts. For 500 years, humans have been mercilessly cutting down trees and polluting the water, throwing garbage and waste water into the ocean. As a result, the soil has become fruitless and the plants have withered (枯萎) and died; the air has been polluted, making it even impossible to breathe. Due to the lack of food and water, animals that feed on plants are lying on the ground, waiting for the last moment, while those on meat, thirsty and hungry, are staring at the burning fire nearby, aimless and desperate. The world seems both silent, restless and unstable at this very moment. Not far away are the humans. They are sweating, screaming, sighing, sobbing and shaking. Two rawboned men are fighting, using up their last strength to make a mad rush for rotting meat. But soon, silence. They are all exhausted and fall into forever sleep. The world is completely a deadly silence. A long time ago, there was a beautiful world, there were trees, water and food. Now there is nothing. Victor Hugo said: “Nature is kind of a loving mother, but also a butcher in cold blood.” We should protect the environment, or suffer the consequences. We do not inherit the Earth from our ancestors but borrow it from our children. (298 words) (by Enya Wen. Adapted from Shanghai Daily, June 25, 2019) 人类生命的基础是健康的环境。它为我们提供了生存和发展所需的一切。然而,我们正在给地球带来巨大的压力——我们正在耗尽地球的自然资源,污染空气和水,破坏气候稳定并导致许多物种灭绝。如果我们不停下来保护环境,我们的所作所为最终会困扰我们。 闭上眼睛,想象有朝一日,你所能看到的只有干涸的溪流和无边无际的沙漠。500年来,人类无情地砍伐树木,污染水源,将垃圾和废水倒入海洋。结果,土壤变得贫瘠,颗粒无收,植物枯萎死亡;空气已经被污染,甚至无法呼吸。由于缺乏食物和水,食草动物躺在地上,等待着最后一刻,而食肉动物则忍饥挨饿,望着附近燃烧的火堆,漫无目的,绝望不已。世界在这一刻显得既安静又动荡。 不远处就是人类。他们出汗、尖叫、叹息、哭泣和颤抖。两个瘦骨嶙峋的男子正在互殴,拼尽最后的力气去抢最后一块腐肉。但很快,一片寂静。他们都筋疲力尽,陷入了永恒的睡眠。世界陷入了死一般的寂静。很久以前,有一个美丽的世界,有树木、水和食物。现在什么都没有了。 维克多·雨果说:“大自然是一位慈爱的母亲,也是一位冷血的屠夫。” 我们应该保护环境,否则后果自负。我们不是从祖先那里继承了地球,而是从我们的子孙那里借来的。
本单元旨在帮助学生认识自然灾害的破坏力,掌握相应的防灾自救知识。以“人与自然”为主题语境,通过“自然灾害与防范”这一话题,配合视频、新闻报道、故事、小说节选等语篇形式来实现教学目标。
名篇精读 How Nature Punishes Human Beings for the Wrongdoings 出处:https://abhishekkumar020591. Whether or not nature actually punishes human beings is a matter of debate. However, there is no doubt that the natural world can be a cruel and unforgiving place and that our actions can have serious consequences. By understanding the ways in which nature can punish us, we can learn to live more sustainably and avoid the negative consequences of our actions. Here are some examples of how nature can be seen as punishing human beings: ● The spread of diseases such as COVID, AIDS, and malaria, which are often spread through contact with animals or insects. ● The extinction of species, which can be caused by habitat destruction, hunting, and climate change. ● The occurrence of natural disasters such as wildfires which can be caused by climate change or human activities. It is important to note that not everyone believes that nature is capable of punishing human beings. Some people believe that these events are simply natural occurrences that have nothing to do with human actions. However, others believe that these events are a sign that we are living in an unsustainable way and that we need to change our ways if we want to avoid further punishment from nature. Thus, human beings need to learn that they cannot be bigger than nature, and if they cross their limits, nature will punish them for sure. It’s time to start acting in favor of nature and lessen the activities for monetary benefits. You might invest all your earnings to earn money but nature can wipe it all off in just a second and you would have only yourself to blame for this.(272 words) 英文翻译 大自然如何惩罚人类的错误行为 大自然是否真的惩罚了人类,这是一个有争议的问题。然而,毫无疑问,自然世界可能是一个严酷无情的地方,我们的行为可能会产生严重后果。通过了解大自然惩罚我们的方式,我们可以学会更可持续地生活,避免我们的行为造成负面影响。 以下是一些例子,说明大自然如何惩罚人类: ● 新冠病毒、艾滋病和疟疾等疾病的传播通常通过与动物或昆虫接触相关; ● 栖息地被破坏、狩猎和气候变化可能导致物种灭绝; ● 由气候变化或人类活动引起的野火等自然灾害的发生。 值得注意的是,并非所有人都相信大自然有能力惩罚人类。有些人认为这些事件只是自然现象,与人类行为无关。然而,其他人认为,这些事件表明我们的生活方式是不可持续的。如果我们想避免来自大自然的进一步惩罚,我们需要改变我们的生活方式。因此,人类需要知道,他们不能超越自然,如果他们超越了自己的极限,自然就会惩罚他们。 是时候开始采取有利于自然的行动,并减少为金钱至上而进行的活动。你可能会将所有的收入用来投资赚钱,但大自然可以在下一秒钟内让你血本无归,这只能怪你自己。 词块积累 1. be capable of 有能力做…… 2. occurrence n. 发生 3. unsustainable adj. 不可持续的 4. invest v. 投资
World’s Deadliest Natural Disasters https://www./list/6-of-the-worlds-deadliest-natural-disasters Yangtze River Flood (1931) Major flood events along the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) in central and eastern China have occurred from ancient times to the present, causing considerable destruction of property and many victims, but the major flood of 1931 stands out. It covered tens of thousands of square miles, flooding rice fields and various cities, including Nanjing and Wuhan. The flood affected more than 50 million people. It was estimated the death toll rose to about 3.7 million people. Tokyo-Yokohama Earthquake (1923) An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.9 struck the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area about noon on September 1, 1923. The death toll from the quake was estimated to be more than 140,000. Most of those deaths were caused by subsequent widespread fires. Many hundreds of thousands of houses were either shaken down or burned, and the shock generated a tsunami that reached a height of 39.5 feet (12 metres) at the city of Atami, on the Sagami Gulf. The earthquake and its aftermath (余震) destroyed the largest commercial center of Japan and traumatized the nation for decades. Great Galveston Storm (1900) The Great Galveston Storm occurred on September 8, 1900, when a hurricane with an estimated strength of Category 4 hit Galveston, Texas. This hurricane remains the deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history. More than 8,000 people were killed, and 10,000 were left homeless. It struck without much warning, as storm forecasting at that time lacked the advanced technology necessary to accurately predict the enormous physical and human toll the hurricane would take. Cyclone in Bhola (1970) The cyclone happened in what is now Bangladesh on November 12, 1970. It remains the deadliest tropical cyclone ever recorded and one of the world's deadliest humanitarian disasters. At least 300,000 people died in the storm, possibly as many as 500,000, primarily as a result of the storm surge (涌) that flooded much of the low-lying islands of the Ganges Delta. 最致命的自然灾害 长江洪水(1931年) 从古至今,我国中东部地区长江沿岸曾发生过重大洪涝灾害事件,造成重大财产损失和人员伤亡,其中1931年的特大洪水尤为突出。它影响的范围达数万平方英里,淹没了稻田和包括南京和武汉在内的多个城市。洪水影响了超过5000万人。据估计死亡人数达约370万人。 东京、横滨地震 (1923年) 1923年9月1日中午,东京、横滨都市区发生里氏7.9级地震,估计死亡人数超过14万人。其中大部分死亡是由随后发生的大面积火灾造成的。数十万栋房屋不是被摇晃就是被烧毁。地震在相模湾的热海市引发了高达 39.5 英尺(12 米)的海啸。地震及其余震摧毁了日本最大的商业中心,给这个国家带来了数十年的创伤。 加尔维斯顿大风暴 (1900年) 加尔维斯顿大风暴发生于1900年9月8日,当时一场估计强度为 4 级的飓风袭击了德克萨斯州加尔维斯顿。这场飓风仍然是美国历史上最致命的自然灾害。超过 8,000 人死亡,10,000 人无家可归。它的袭击没有太多预警,因为当时的风暴预报缺乏准确预测飓风将造成的巨大物质和人员伤亡所需的先进技术。 博拉气旋 (1970年) 博拉气旋于1970年12月12日发生在现在的孟加拉国。它仍然是有记录以来最致命的热带气旋,也是世界上最致命的人道主义灾难之一。至少有 30万人在这场风暴中丧生,甚至可能多达50万人,主要原因是风暴潮淹没了恒河三角洲的大部分低洼岛屿。
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 社会服务与人际沟通 作者参加志愿者服务的一次 野外营救活动 ★★★★
改编自https:///mark-charles-extreme-weather-photographer-b1-english-reading-test/
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you’re a mountain rescue volunteer, you never know when you’re going to be called to work. We go out in all weather, and at any time of the day or night. If someone is in danger, there’s no time to lose. On New Year’s Day last year, I was sitting at the table with my family. 1 Two hikers had decided to celebrate the new year by walking along a mountain ridge (岭) in Country Kerry, Ireland, just a few miles from my home. They were staying in a small guest house, and had set off early on New Year’s Eve. When they didn’t return by the following morning, their host became worried and called the police. 2
I was just one of 12 volunteers who left our breakfast tables and set out to look for the missing hikers. We pushed through strong winds and thick cloud, calling and listening over and over again. 3 It was too cold to survive for long out on the mountains, and the hikers had been missing for a whole day and night. Suddenly, I heard the sound of a whistle. I shouted out, and was relieved to hear a voice about back. 4 They were so happy to see us. They explained that they’d got lost, and the winds had been too strong for them to keep walking. Luckily, they had warm clothes, food and the tent.
5 After what seemed a century, we returned them to their guest house, where a delicious hot meal was waiting for them and for the rescue volunteer team. They said that they’ll never forget that New Year’s Day when they were rescued by local people who became heroes. (276 words)
A. Then the police called Kerry Mountain Rescue Team.
B. Nobody answered back so we began to lose hope.
C. Immediately we led them back down the mountain.
D. We were just about to start eating when my phone rang.
E. We didn’t know they had already found their way home.
F. After searching all night, we gave up and went back home.
G. The hikers were crowded together in a small tent between two large rocks.
【答案】 1 D 2 A 3 B 4 G 5 C
【导语】 这是一篇记叙文,讲述作者参加野外营救的经过。
【1题详解】 考查行文逻辑。由前一句“I was sitting at the table with my family.” (我正在和家人坐在餐桌旁。)
可知:接下来最合适的动作就是“We were just about to start eating when my phone rang.(我们正要开饭,突然电话响了。)” 故选D。
【2题详解】 考查行文逻辑。由前一句“When they didn’t return by the following morning, their host became worried and called the police.” (第二天早上他们没回来,主人因为担心就报警了。)警方便找到作者所属的志愿者小组。(The police called Kerry Mountain Rescue Team.)同时,这也与开头“If you’re a mountain rescue volunteer,”相呼应。
【3题详解】 考查行文逻辑。由前一句“We pushed through strong winds and thick cloud, calling and listening over and over again.” (我们迎着劲风和浓雾,不停地呼叫,期待着回应。)再看下一句 “It was too cold to survive for long out on the mountains, and the hikers had been missing for a whole day and night.”(因为山上太冷,无法呆久。徒步者已经失踪整整一天一夜了。)这表明救援队还没有找到失踪者。所以与之相呼应的选项B. Nobody answered back so we began to lose hope. (没有人回应,所以我们不抱希望了。)
【4题详解】 考查行文逻辑。由前一句 “I shouted out, and was relieved to hear a voice about back.” (我大声呼喊,欣慰地听到了有声音回应。)空格后那句“They were so happy to see us.” 可以得知我们双方最终见面了。所以选G. The hikers were crowded together in a small tent between two large rocks. (徒步者挤在两块巨石之间的小帐篷里。)表明我们发现了徒步着的具体位置,符合性温的逻辑。
【5题详解】 考查行文逻辑,承上启下。上一段讲到发现了徒步者,空格后又说“After what seemed a century, we returned them to their guest house…”(经过很长一段时间,我们终于将他们带回到客房……)只有C选项Immediately we led them back down the mountain. (我们立刻带他们下山。)能承上启下,逻辑和意义都与整篇文章一致。
Passage 2
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 灾害防范 1665年的伦敦大瘟疫 ★★★★
改编自 https:///
(Nairobi, January 20)The livelihood (living) of farmers and other food growers in East Africa is under attack from locusts (蝗虫). Authorities say swarms (large groups) of millions of locusts are destroying large areas of farmland and vegetation. Millions of people are at risk after the insects destroyed crops in Eritrea, Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan and Uganda. The clouds of locusts are spreading and could affect the agriculture, bushland and forests of countries nearby. The United Nations' Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) report that some swarms have been sighted flying in the sky as far as Yemen and Oman in the Gulf. It is the worst locust invasion in 70 years and some say it is reaching Biblical proportions.
The locust disaster is seriously affecting the lives of over 12 million people. Many of these were already experiencing food insecurity due to poor harvests from a lack of rain. The swarms of locusts will only worsen the dangerous, difficult and unfortunate situation of people who live in the region. Locusts are pests extremely needing great quantities of food. One locust can eat its entire body weight in just 24 hours. A small swarm could sweep its way quickly through enough food to feed 35,000 people in just one day. Esther Kithuka, a farmer in Kenya, expressed her concern about the dangerous situation. She said: "We depend a lot on this season and we worry that the locusts will destroy our harvest and we will end up remaining hungry through the rest of the year until next cropping season." (264 words)
1. What were the swarms of locusts destroying
A. Whole countries. B. Everything in sight.
C. Forests and deserts. D. Large amounts of farmland.
2. Which countries could the locusts affect next
A. Neighbouring countries. B. Those in southern Africa.
C. Those in the Middle east. D. European countries.
3. What does the underlined phrase “Biblical proportions” mean
A. Countable amount. B. Uncountable amount.
C. Amazing ability. D. Flying ability.
4. What is the Kenyan farmer’s mood for the locust disaster
A. Indifferent. B. Talkative. C. Depressed. D. Calm.
【答案】 1 D 2 A 3 B 4 C
【导语】 这是一篇新闻报道,讲述发生在非洲几个国家的蝗虫灾害。
【1题详解】 考查事实细节。由文章第一段第2句“Authorities say swarms (large groups) of millions of locusts are destroying large areas of farmland and vegetation. (官方称:数以百万群的蝗虫正毁灭大片大片的农田和植被。)”可知。Large amounts of farmland是large areas of farmland and vegetation的同义转换,后者是比喻义,意思相同。所以选D。
【2题详解】 考查事实细节。由文章第一段的第4-5行可知。“The clouds of locusts are spreading and could affect the agriculture, bushland and forests of countries nearby.(如云层般的蝗虫不断扩散,可能会影响到临近国家的灌木丛和森林。)”“neighbouring”是 “nearby”的同义转换,所以选A。
【3题详解】 考查推断。由文章第一段最后一句前一个分句可推出。“It is the worst locust invasion in 70 years ... (这是七十年来最糟糕的蝗虫灾害……). 再结合所给选项分析:“Biblical proportions” 强调的是“数量”之多,而非“能力”,剔除C和D。根据前一个分句的意思(七十年来最糟糕的蝗虫灾害),可知其数量无法计算,所以选B,意思为“圣经比例”。这个典故指“与自然灾害或其他灾难性事件有关,其规模如此之大,以至于让人想起圣经中对可怕灾难的记载。”
【4题详解】 由文章第二段最后一句“…we worry that the locusts will destroy our harvest and we will end up remaining hungry through the rest of the year until next cropping season. ( 我们担心蝗虫会让我们颗粒无收,忍饥挨饿,直到来年的种植季节。)”关键词“worry”, “depressed”是它的同义转换,“沮丧的”,即谈话者Esther Kithuka的心情(mood)。所以选C。 Indifferent(冷漠);Talkative(健谈)。
Passage 3
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 自然灾害与防范 1665年伦敦爆发的瘟疫 ★★★★
(原创)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
During the summer of 1665, London was rocked by a horrible disease, known as the Great Plague. People were terrified of the disease, as there was no cure and little was known about how it was spread. Hygiene (卫生) was often very poor; towns and villages could be dirty. Also, doctors and researchers did not know as much about medicine as they do now, consequently many diseases had no cure.
At first, people were unsure about how the plague was spread. They hoped that if the reason could be found, the plague could be controlled or stopped. Some doctors felt that poisonous air was to blame, and if people breathed bad air in, they became unwell. Others blamed farm animals. However, the real cause of the plague was rats. The rats carried bacteria, which was spread to people by flea (跳蚤) bites. When people sneezed and coughed, they spread the disease even more.
The plague spread very quickly. Within three to four days of catching the disease, people were dying. Some typical symptoms were painful swelling of the skin, blisters, headaches, fever and sickness. If someone from a family got the plague, the whole house was blocked. A red cross was marked on the front door of any houses where somebody had the plague. As many as 100,000 people had died in London by the end of 1665.
In the autumn of 1666, the weather was very cold. This killed many of the rats and fleas which were spreading the virus. Also, the Great Fire of London, in the same year, destroyed many rat-affected buildings. This seriously reduced the rat population. (277 words)
5. What does the author want to tell us at the beginning of the passage
A. Why were people poor B. Why were people terrified
C. Why was little known about the disease D. Why was cure so hard to find
6. What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A. The cause of the plague. B. The spreading of the plague.
C. The symptoms of the plague. D. The helplessness of the doctors.
7. What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A. The plague spread very quickly. B. A red cross was a cure for the plague.
C. The plague was very severe then. D. The symptoms were not so clear.
8. What does do you think of the weather in the autumn of 1666 and the Great Fire of London
A. It worsened the plague. B. It’s terrible for travelling.
C. It caused inconvenience. D. It’s helpful in stopping the disease.
【答案】 5 B 6 A 7 C 8 D
【导语】 这是一篇说明文,讲述1665年的伦敦大瘟疫。
【5题详解】 文章开头讲到:People were terrified of the disease, as there was no cure and little was known about how it was spread. Hygiene (卫生) was often very poor; towns and villages could be dirty. Also, doctors and researchers did not know as much about medicine as they do now, consequently many diseases had no cure. (人们害怕这种疾病,因为没有治疗办法,也不知它是怎么传播的。卫生也不好,城乡都脏乱不堪。还有,医生和研究人员不像现在那样对医学了解得那么透彻,结果造成许多疾病够无法医治。) 这就是People were terrified of the disease(人们害怕这种疾病)的原因,故选B。
【6题详解】原文However, the real cause of the plague was rats. The rats carried bacteria, which was spread to people by flea (跳蚤) bites. When people sneezed and coughed, they spread the disease even more. (然而真正的病因是老鼠,因为他们携带细菌。一旦被其身上的跳蚤咬了,人们就会感染。感染的人打喷嚏或咳嗽,导致疾病传播更厉害。) 故选A。
【7题详解】原文提到“The plague spread very quickly. Within three to four days of catching the disease, people were dying. … As many as 100,000 people had died in London by the end of 1665.” (瘟疫传播迅速。染病三四天,患者就会濒临死亡…… 1665年底,伦敦就有多达100, 000人死亡。),由此可以推断:疫情严峻。故选 C。 选项A原文直接说了,不用推断(infer);B. A red cross was a cure for the plague. 红色的“X”不是治疗方法,只是一个符号,表明那家有人染病了。D. The symptoms were not so clear.(症状不明显。)不对。原文“Some typical symptoms were painful swelling of the skin, blisters, headaches, fever and sickness.(有些典型症状表现为皮肤肿胀,起泡,头疼,发烧和恶心。)”表明症状明显,所以D不能选。
【8题详解】 最后一段“In the autumn of 1666, the weather was very cold. This killed many of the rats and fleas which were spreading the virus. Also, the Great Fire of London, in the same year, destroyed many rat-affected buildings. This seriously reduced the rat population. (1666年秋,天气变冷。老鼠及传播疾病的跳蚤被冻死。还有同年的伦敦大火,也毁掉了被老鼠传染疾病的房子。结果老鼠的数量剧减。)’’ 由此可知,寒冷和大火是对瘟疫的控制有帮助的,故选D。 另外三个选项(A. It worsened the plague. 使疫情恶化;B. It’s terrible for travelling. 导致出行极为可怕;C. It caused inconvenience(造成不便)),都不对。
I. 新闻报道的结构及语言特征
本单元的Reading部分是两则新闻报道。英语新闻主要由标题、导语、主体等部分组成,结构相对固定,并秉承Keep it short and simple的原则开展写作。开头部分就开门见山,用一句话简要地概括新闻的内容,并把读者最关心的内容先说,呈“倒金字塔型”,有的还配有照片或插图。语言简洁,时态为一般过去时。
示例: 改编自https://www./english-grammar/report-writing-for-class-12/ 阅读以下新闻,完成文后试题。 Wren Rescues Ringtail by Ollie Jones in Brisbane Twelve year old student, Jilly Wren climbed 30 feet to rescue a Ring-tailed Possum today. Tree loppers had been removing trees at West Bank School to create a new concrete play area. During morning tea, students spied the possum peering out from a lopped hollow branch. “Jilly just shimmied her way up the tree with her school bag and came down with a little possum thumping around inside it,” said schoolmate, Jack Komninos. Principal, Ms Anne Watson, alerted National Parks and Wild Life. With the help of the tree loppers, the wild life officers rescued six more ring-tailed possums from hollows in trees lopped for felling. All the possums are reported to be ‘in good condition’ and are being cared for at the Brisbane Forest Park. A suggested plan to relocate the possums in the school environs will involve refashioning of the hollowed tree trunks as part of an environmental sculpture project. Mr Harry Bean, who was on playground duty when Jilly Wren climbed the tree, fainted and is receiving medical attention for concussion and stress. Jilly Wren used a coconut tree climbing technique known as the ‘frog’ to rescue the possum. The young heroine was unavailable for interview. According to Jack Komninos, Jilly was on detention for being in a ‘strictly out of bounds’ area. 生词:ring-tailed Possum 环尾负鼠 tree lopper 修剪工 peer out 张望 a lopped hollow branch 被砍断的空心树枝 shimmy one’s way up 摇摇晃晃地爬上了树 a little possum thumping 一只小负鼠跳来跳去 alert 报警 fell 砍伐(树木) the school environs 学校环境 refashion 改造;重新设计 concussion 脑震荡 be on detention 被拘留 strictly out of bounds严格禁区 1. Headline: Wren Rescues Ringtail 2. Byline: by Ollie Jones in Brisbane 3. Details What: Jilly Wren rescued a Ring-tailed Possum Where: West Bank School When: Today How: Jilly Wren climbed up the tree to rescue a little possum, and was on detention for being in a “strictly out of bounds” area. Why: Worried that the little possum would fall off the tree. 5. Further details: Mr Harry Bean, who was on play ground duty when Jilly Wren climbed the tree, fainted and is receiving medical attention for concussion and stress. Jilly Wren used a coconut tree climbing technique know as the ‘frog’ to rescue the possum. 6. Interviews/Comments/Fuether action: The young heroine was unavailable for interview. According to Jack Komninos, Jilly was on detention for being in a ‘strictly out of bounds’ area. 参考译文 雷恩拯救负鼠 奥利·琼斯, 布里斯班 12岁的学生Jilly Wren 今天爬了 30 英尺来营救一只环尾负鼠。 为了建造一个新的混凝土游乐区,三名修剪工一直在砍伐西岸学校的树木,早茶期间,学生们发现负鼠从一根被砍断的空心树枝中向外张望。 “吉莉背着书包摇摇晃晃地爬上了树,然后下来了,里面有一只小负鼠在里面跳来跳去,” 杰克·科姆尼诺斯同学 (Jack Komninos) 说。 校长 Anne Watson 女士向国家公园和野生动物管理局报警。在修剪工的帮助下,野生动物保护官员从被砍伐的树洞中又救出了六只环尾负鼠。 据报道,所有负鼠都 “状况良好”,目前正在布里斯班森林公园接受照顾。有人建议将负鼠重新安置在学校环境里,其中包括对空心树干进行改造,作为环境雕塑项目的一部分。 当吉莉·雷恩爬上树时,哈利·比恩先生正在操场上值班,他晕倒了,现正在因脑震荡和压力而接受治疗。 吉莉·雷恩使用一种被称为 “青蛙式” 的攀爬方式来营救负鼠。 这位位年轻的女英雄无法接受采访。杰克·科姆尼诺斯称,吉莉因闯入 “严格禁区” 而被拘留。 读写结合 (2020山东高考真题) 假定你是李华, 上周日你校举办了5公里越野赛跑活动,请你为校英文报写一篇报道。内容包括: 1. 参加人员; 2. 跑步路线:从校门口到南山脚下; 3. 活动反响。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A Cross-Country Running Race Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary cross-country running race in the city sponored by the school, which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher on the campus. The students selected from every class took part in the competition. The route measured five kilometers long, from our school gate to the foot of Nanshan Mountain. Every runner tried their best to finish the task, with their classmates along the way giving them necessary help as well as encouragement. At last, all the runners managed to arrive at the finish line, receiving cheers from all the directions. The activity was highly spoken of and broadcast in the local TV station, because not only did it provide chance for us to exercise, but also made us more persevering.
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 环境保护 艺术家Benjamin Von Wong通过使用海洋塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法,引发人们对塑料污染的思考。 ★★★★
(2021年高考乙卷)
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. (280 words)
1. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for
A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
2. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
3. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers
A. Calming. B. Disturbing. C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong使用海洋中的塑料垃圾制作了一个巨型雕塑,极其震撼,引发人们对塑料污染的反思。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑,迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系)”可知,Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑,是想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系,引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. (全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源,但它们最近却受到了抨击,因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料,而且由于它们体积小、重量轻,无法回收利用)”可知,塑料吸管体积小、重量轻,无法回收利用。由此推知,作者在第三段讨论塑料吸管是为了展示它们回收的难度。故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在2018年的一个作品中,Von Wong想要说明一个具体的统计数字:每60秒,就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品,Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了一万多块塑料,然后把它们绑在一起,让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的)”可知,这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋,刷新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知。由此推知,这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋造成污染这件事感到不安。故选B项。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗?艺术家Benjamin Von Wong想让你知道,它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑,迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系)”及下文陈述可知,艺术家Benjamin Von Wong通过使用海洋塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法,引发人们对塑料污染的反思。由此可知,“海洋塑料变成雕塑”可以作文章标题。故选D项。
Passage 2
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 灾害防范 地震的预测 ★★★★
(江苏省徐州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷)
Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evidences of coming quakes.
However, there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard. “We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes,” said Egill, a research professor at the California Institute of Technology. Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement, but precisely predicting would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust (地壳). Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs, given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood. Actually, real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms. As it turns out,quake prediction is extremely difficult.
Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece. Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes. The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2,500 years ago: he made it as he scooped (舀) water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous. Nowadays, seismic (地震的) and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem.
Currently, Terra Seismic can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence. Generally, Terra Seismic does not predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicenter (震中) is located beyond a depth of 40 km. Fortunately, such quakes are almost always harmless, since quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface. “Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,” Bruneau said. “Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.” (320 words)
5.Why is earthquake forecasting so difficult
A.Some basic physics of earthquakes is unknown.
B.Data on early warning signs are fully understood.
C.Mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust are impossible.
D.Earthquake prediction is the same as the diagnosis of human illness.
6.Why does the author give the example of Pherecydes
A.To explain why Pherecydes was famous.
B.To explain Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature.
C.To show earthquake forecasting is a science with a long history.
D.To show remote-sensing methods are the best solution to earthquake prediction.
7.What does Bruneau mean in paragraph 4
A.Scientists have methods to predict earthquake.
B.Terra Seismic can predict an earthquake.
C.Some quakes are harmless if quake’s energy is released.
D.Scientists have no reliable method to predict an earthquake.
8.What is the main idea of the passage
A.The reasons for earthquake forecasting. B.The history of earthquake forecasting.
C.The methods of earthquake forecasting. D.The future of earthquake forecasting.
【答案】5.A 6.C 7.D 8.C
【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了地震预报是古老的技能,解释了地震预报困难的原因以及地震预报的历史和方法等。
5.细节理解题。根据第二段“However, there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard. “We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes,” said Egill, a research professor at the California Institute of Technology.(然而,预测地震如此困难的原因有很多。“我们不了解地震的一些基本物理原理,”加州理工学院的研究教授Egill说)” 可知,地震预报如此困难是因为地震的一些基本物理原理尚不清楚。故选A。
6.推理判断题。根据第三段“Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece. Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes. The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2500 years ago: he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous.(许多资料表明,地震预报在古希腊是一门公认的科学。古希腊人生活在与自然非常接近的地方,他们能够探测到不寻常的现象并预测地震。已知的第一个预测是在2500年前由Syros的Pherecydes做出的:当他从一口井里舀水时,他注意到通常非常干净的水突然变得泥泞。事实上,两天后发生了地震,Pherecydes因此而出名)”可推知,作者举Pherecydes的例子是为了表明地震预报是一门历史悠久的科学。故选C。
7.推理判断题。根据第四段“Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,” Bruneau said. “Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.” (Bruneau说:“科学家们已经尝试了所有可能的方法来预测地震。没有人能够破解它,做出可信的预测。”) 可推知,Bruneau在第4段中的意思是科学家没有可靠的方法来预测地震。故选D。
8.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evidences of coming quakes. (地震预报是人类已知的最古老的技能之一。从古希腊到现在,无数的科学家试图开发预测地震的工具。他们的努力通常集中在寻找即将发生地震的可靠证据上。)” 再结合文章主要说明了地震预报是古老的技能,解释了地震预报困难的原因以及地震预报的历史和方法等可知,这篇文章的主旨是地震预报方法。故选C。
Passage 3
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 环境保护 Molai在岛上种树来保护动植物 ★★★★★
(2020年山东高考)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 .
He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 7 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots (陶制的锅) with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.
Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
2. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
3. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
4. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
5. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
6. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
7. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
8. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
9. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
10. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
11. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
12. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
13. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
14. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect
15. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued
【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B
11. C 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. D
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候,一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物,很多鸟儿离开,蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切,他经过努力,在附近找到了一个小岛,开始种树。在30多年的时间里,他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 这个村庄位于一些湿地附近,那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想;B. job工作;C. home家;D. choice选择。根据空前的second可知,他出生的村庄是他的家,村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然;B. youth青春,年轻;C. culture文化;D. knowledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 16岁时,Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precious宝贵的;B. interesting有趣的;C. disturbing令人不安的,引起烦恼的;D. awkward尴尬的,笨拙的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭,很多鸟儿离开,蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常,令人不安。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 那年早些时候,一场洪水袭击了这个地区,洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物;B. tension紧张;C. pain疼痛,痛苦;D. damage损害,伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区,它会“损害”庄稼、树木,这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意: 此外,蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外,另外;B. However但是;C. Therefore因此;D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知,洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且,它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意: 他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意;B. realized意识到;C. remembered记住,记起;D. predicted预测。Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音;B. heat热;C. disease疾病;D. dust尘土。根据常识可知,树木可以提供阴凉,从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 当然,解决的办法是种树,这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directions方向;B. partners伙伴,合作伙伴;C. help帮助;D. shelter遮蔽,庇护,遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他向森林部门求助,但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动;B. police警察;C. forest森林;D. finance财政,金融。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知,Molai想要种树,所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意: 然而,Molai自己去看了看,发现了附近的一个岛屿,他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建;B. discovered发现;C. left离开;D. managed设法做成。根据前面的”looking on his own”可知,他自己去看,那么接下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。故选B。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意: 对一个孤独的男孩来说,在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating装饰;B. Observing观察到;C. Watering浇水;D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知,在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。
【12题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 对一个孤独的男孩来说,在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough困难的;B. illegal非法的;C. fantastic极好的;D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知,Molai想尽办法收集雨水,由此推知,旱季缺水,给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。
【13题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意: Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台,在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部;B. top顶端;C. foot脚;D. side一边,一侧。根据该段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below”可知,水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知,竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。故选B。
【14题详解】
考查动词(短语)辨析。句意: Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台,在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. cool down冷却下来;B. keep off与……保持距离;C. purify净化,使纯净;D. collect收集。根据常识可知,陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知,他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。
【15题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意: 在接下来的37年里,Molai继续种树。A. returned返回;B. learned学会;C. failed失败;D. continued继续。根据后一句可知,他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知,在接下来的37年里,他“继续”种树。故选D。
Passage 4
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 灾害防范 应对自然灾害的方法 ★★★★★
Ways to Cope With Natural Disasters
Though the effects of natural disasters can be severe and far-reaching, there are steps you can take to cope. Here are some ways you may be able to reduce the trauma of a natural disaster.
1 Research has consistently found that early intervention, resources, and support from others can be a major factor in helping people overcome the negative effects of an upsetting event. Given that a natural disaster can impact an entire community, your support system may be weakened by a natural disaster. 2
Try to establish a schedule. For example, set regular times for meals, waking up in the morning, or talking with family and friends. A natural disaster can greatly disturb your regular schedule increasing the extent to which your life feels chaotic and out of control. 3 It can help you establish a sense of predictability and control.
Talk about the effect of the natural disaster. Share your feelings with others, or at the very least, find some way to express your emotions. A natural disaster can result in strong feelings of anger, anxiety, and sadness. These emotions need to be expressed. 4
Focus on self-care. A natural disaster can exhaust you physically as well as emotionally. It is very important that you make time to care for yourself. Self-care is integral to emotional and physical health. Caring for your body, mind, and spirit can increase your ability to cope with hurt. 5 Mindfulness practice has also been shown to help survivors cope with post-traumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍). (257 words)
A. Find ways to help others.
B. Seek out and connect with social support.
C Try to limit other sources of stress in your life.
D. If you hold them in, they may get more intense.
E. Try to come up with a daily, structured schedule.
F. Make sure you eat well, get enough sleep, and exercise.
G. However, even connecting with one person can make a difference.
【答案】 1. B 2. G 3. E 4. D 5. F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了几种应对自然灾害的方法。
【1题详解】考查段落主题句。本段是说:研究一致发现,早期干预、资源和他人的支持可能是帮助人们克服创伤事件负面影响的主要因素。鉴于自然灾害可能影响整个社区,你所要的支持可能会因自然灾害而削弱。所以选B(寻求并联系多方支持)。关键的信息词support。
【2题详解】考查行文的一致,意思的递进。整个这段是说要“寻求并联系多方支持”。空格处与前面的意思,在语义上是递进的关系,这样才恰当。故选G (然而,即使是与一个人联系也会产生影响。) 关键的信息词connect。
【3题详解】考查行文的一致。本段是说:尝试制定一个时间表。例如,设定固定的用餐时间、早上起床时间或与家人和朋友交谈的时间。自然灾害会极大地扰乱您的正常日程,让您的生活变得混乱和失控。……这可以帮助您建立可预测性和控制感。都是围绕“时间表(schedule)”而展开的。所以选E. Try to come up with a daily, structured schedule. (这可以帮助您建立可预测性和控制感。) 说明“时间表(schedule)”的好处。
【4题详解】考查行文的一致,对比对照。本段是说:谈论自然灾害的影响。向他人倾诉你的感受,或者至少找到某种方式来表达你的情绪。自然灾害可能会导致强烈的愤怒、焦虑和悲伤情绪。这些情绪需要表达出来。如果不这么做,会怎样呢?所以选D(如果你抑制住它们,它们可能会变得更加强烈。)正反对照,凸出灾后重建,将自己的感受说出来的好处。
【5题详解】考查行文的一致。本段是说:注重自我保健。自然灾害可能会耗尽您的身体和情感。腾出时间照顾自己非常重要。自我保健对于情绪和身体健康至关重要。照顾您的身体、思想和精神可以提高您应对创伤的能力。…… 正念练习也被证明可以帮助幸存者应对创伤后应激障碍。纵观所有选项,只有F(Make sure you eat well, get enough sleep, and exercise. 确保你吃得好,睡眠充足,并锻炼身体。)在意义上与本段保持一致。这其实也是Focus on self-care的一个例子。故选F。Unit 2 Natural disasters
核心 词 汇 词 组 主题相关词汇 county,injure, disaster, reaction, crash, signal, exit, orderly, stair, roll, confirm, hug, procedure, odd, occur, relief, typhoon, destructive, pole, inform, hurricane, conference, shock, scare, power, supply, donate, charity, staff, slide, fund, flood, downstairs, document, honey, otherwise, curious, erupt, unearth, destination, bar, import, export, port, cloud-capped, volcano, trunk, unbearable, beyond, distance, pattern, column, rescue, sharp, locate, retire
at large,roll call,safe and sound,keep one's head,occur to,run out of,take the form of,break out,far and wide
灾难类型 downpour暴雨 flood洪水 haze霾 mudslide泥石流 landslide山体滑坡 earthquake地震 aftershock余震 avalanche雪崩 drought干旱 famine饥荒 hail冰雹 blizzard暴风雪 hurricane飓风 tornado龙卷风 epidemic流行病 volcano火山
核心 语法 在语境中正确使用动词不定式(做定语、结果状语),尤其是在书面表达中。
必备 能力 语篇:新闻报道的语篇结构特征,文学作品的题材特点,故事的构成要素; 表达:续写故事,注意文体、内容、意义等方面的衔接和一致。
学科 素养 1. 就自然灾害话题进行交流,了解救援方法; 2. 赏析文学作品中对自然灾害的描写,完成洪灾故事的续写。
核心 价值 1. 了解自然灾害相关知识; 2. 学会科学应对和逃生自助。
引言解读
Nature is kind of a loving mother, but also a butcher in cold blood.
— Victor Hugo
释义:大自然是一位慈爱的母亲,但也是一位冷血的屠夫。
——维克多·雨果
启示:不论是水灾、旱灾、台风,寒潮、地震、火山,还是历史上的虫灾、或是前几年新冠肺炎之类的瘟疫,其实一直存在,无规律地发生。它们让人类的财产受损,甚至夺走了生命。在灾难面前,我们应学会科学预测,防范于未然,将损失降低到最小;同时也要保持冷静,勇敢面对。生于忧患,死于安乐,多难兴邦。从某种意义上来说,人类也应尊重自然规律,避免遭到自然的惩罚。
与灾难相关的名言欣赏 1. I always tried to turn every disaster into an opportunity. — John D. Rockefeller 我总是试图把每一次灾难变成一次机会。 ——约翰·D·洛克菲勒 2. I beg you take courage; the brave soul can mend even disaster. — Catherine the Great 我请求你鼓起勇气;勇敢的灵魂甚至可以治愈灾难。 —— 凯瑟琳大帝 3. Life on Earth is at the ever-increasing risk of being wiped out by a disaster, such as sudden global nuclear war, a genetically engineered virus or other dangers we have not yet thought of. — Stephen Hawking 地球上的生命面临着越来越大的被灾难消灭的风险,例如突如其来全球核战争、基因工程编辑出的病毒或我们尚未想到的其他危险。 ————史蒂芬·霍金
Understanding of the Quote in the Unit The foundation of human life is a healthy environment. It provides us with everything we need to survive. However, we are putting the planet under enormous pressure—we are using up the Earth’s natural resources, polluting its air and water, destabilizing the climate and driving many species to extinction. If we don’t stop to protect the environment, what we do will eventually come back to bother us. Close your eyes and imagine one day all you can see are the drained rivers and boundless deserts. For 500 years, humans have been mercilessly cutting down trees and polluting the water, throwing garbage and waste water into the ocean. As a result, the soil has become fruitless and the plants have withered (枯萎) and died; the air has been polluted, making it even impossible to breathe. Due to the lack of food and water, animals that feed on plants are lying on the ground, waiting for the last moment, while those on meat, thirsty and hungry, are staring at the burning fire nearby, aimless and desperate. The world seems both silent, restless and unstable at this very moment. Not far away are the humans. They are sweating, screaming, sighing, sobbing and shaking. Two rawboned men are fighting, using up their last strength to make a mad rush for rotting meat. But soon, silence. They are all exhausted and fall into forever sleep. The world is completely a deadly silence. A long time ago, there was a beautiful world, there were trees, water and food. Now there is nothing. Victor Hugo said: “Nature is kind of a loving mother, but also a butcher in cold blood.” We should protect the environment, or suffer the consequences. We do not inherit the Earth from our ancestors but borrow it from our children. (298 words) (by Enya Wen. Adapted from Shanghai Daily, June 25, 2019) 人类生命的基础是健康的环境。它为我们提供了生存和发展所需的一切。然而,我们正在给地球带来巨大的压力——我们正在耗尽地球的自然资源,污染空气和水,破坏气候稳定并导致许多物种灭绝。如果我们不停下来保护环境,我们的所作所为最终会困扰我们。 闭上眼睛,想象有朝一日,你所能看到的只有干涸的溪流和无边无际的沙漠。500年来,人类无情地砍伐树木,污染水源,将垃圾和废水倒入海洋。结果,土壤变得贫瘠,颗粒无收,植物枯萎死亡;空气已经被污染,甚至无法呼吸。由于缺乏食物和水,食草动物躺在地上,等待着最后一刻,而食肉动物则忍饥挨饿,望着附近燃烧的火堆,漫无目的,绝望不已。世界在这一刻显得既安静又动荡。 不远处就是人类。他们出汗、尖叫、叹息、哭泣和颤抖。两个瘦骨嶙峋的男子正在互殴,拼尽最后的力气去抢最后一块腐肉。但很快,一片寂静。他们都筋疲力尽,陷入了永恒的睡眠。世界陷入了死一般的寂静。很久以前,有一个美丽的世界,有树木、水和食物。现在什么都没有了。 维克多·雨果说:“大自然是一位慈爱的母亲,也是一位冷血的屠夫。” 我们应该保护环境,否则后果自负。我们不是从祖先那里继承了地球,而是从我们的子孙那里借来的。
本单元旨在帮助学生认识自然灾害的破坏力,掌握相应的防灾自救知识。以“人与自然”为主题语境,通过“自然灾害与防范”这一话题,配合视频、新闻报道、故事、小说节选等语篇形式来实现教学目标。
名篇精读 How Nature Punishes Human Beings for the Wrongdoings 出处:https://abhishekkumar020591. Whether or not nature actually punishes human beings is a matter of debate. However, there is no doubt that the natural world can be a cruel and unforgiving place and that our actions can have serious consequences. By understanding the ways in which nature can punish us, we can learn to live more sustainably and avoid the negative consequences of our actions. Here are some examples of how nature can be seen as punishing human beings: ● The spread of diseases such as COVID, AIDS, and malaria, which are often spread through contact with animals or insects. ● The extinction of species, which can be caused by habitat destruction, hunting, and climate change. ● The occurrence of natural disasters such as wildfires which can be caused by climate change or human activities. It is important to note that not everyone believes that nature is capable of punishing human beings. Some people believe that these events are simply natural occurrences that have nothing to do with human actions. However, others believe that these events are a sign that we are living in an unsustainable way and that we need to change our ways if we want to avoid further punishment from nature. Thus, human beings need to learn that they cannot be bigger than nature, and if they cross their limits, nature will punish them for sure. It’s time to start acting in favor of nature and lessen the activities for monetary benefits. You might invest all your earnings to earn money but nature can wipe it all off in just a second and you would have only yourself to blame for this.(272 words) 英文翻译 大自然如何惩罚人类的错误行为 大自然是否真的惩罚了人类,这是一个有争议的问题。然而,毫无疑问,自然世界可能是一个严酷无情的地方,我们的行为可能会产生严重后果。通过了解大自然惩罚我们的方式,我们可以学会更可持续地生活,避免我们的行为造成负面影响。 以下是一些例子,说明大自然如何惩罚人类: ● 新冠病毒、艾滋病和疟疾等疾病的传播通常通过与动物或昆虫接触相关; ● 栖息地被破坏、狩猎和气候变化可能导致物种灭绝; ● 由气候变化或人类活动引起的野火等自然灾害的发生。 值得注意的是,并非所有人都相信大自然有能力惩罚人类。有些人认为这些事件只是自然现象,与人类行为无关。然而,其他人认为,这些事件表明我们的生活方式是不可持续的。如果我们想避免来自大自然的进一步惩罚,我们需要改变我们的生活方式。因此,人类需要知道,他们不能超越自然,如果他们超越了自己的极限,自然就会惩罚他们。 是时候开始采取有利于自然的行动,并减少为金钱至上而进行的活动。你可能会将所有的收入用来投资赚钱,但大自然可以在下一秒钟内让你血本无归,这只能怪你自己。 词块积累 1. be capable of 有能力做…… 2. occurrence n. 发生 3. unsustainable adj. 不可持续的 4. invest v. 投资
World’s Deadliest Natural Disasters https://www./list/6-of-the-worlds-deadliest-natural-disasters Yangtze River Flood (1931) Major flood events along the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) in central and eastern China have occurred from ancient times to the present, causing considerable destruction of property and many victims, but the major flood of 1931 stands out. It covered tens of thousands of square miles, flooding rice fields and various cities, including Nanjing and Wuhan. The flood affected more than 50 million people. It was estimated the death toll rose to about 3.7 million people. Tokyo-Yokohama Earthquake (1923) An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.9 struck the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area about noon on September 1, 1923. The death toll from the quake was estimated to be more than 140,000. Most of those deaths were caused by subsequent widespread fires. Many hundreds of thousands of houses were either shaken down or burned, and the shock generated a tsunami that reached a height of 39.5 feet (12 metres) at the city of Atami, on the Sagami Gulf. The earthquake and its aftermath (余震) destroyed the largest commercial center of Japan and traumatized the nation for decades. Great Galveston Storm (1900) The Great Galveston Storm occurred on September 8, 1900, when a hurricane with an estimated strength of Category 4 hit Galveston, Texas. This hurricane remains the deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history. More than 8,000 people were killed, and 10,000 were left homeless. It struck without much warning, as storm forecasting at that time lacked the advanced technology necessary to accurately predict the enormous physical and human toll the hurricane would take. Cyclone in Bhola (1970) The cyclone happened in what is now Bangladesh on November 12, 1970. It remains the deadliest tropical cyclone ever recorded and one of the world's deadliest humanitarian disasters. At least 300,000 people died in the storm, possibly as many as 500,000, primarily as a result of the storm surge (涌) that flooded much of the low-lying islands of the Ganges Delta. 最致命的自然灾害 长江洪水(1931年) 从古至今,我国中东部地区长江沿岸曾发生过重大洪涝灾害事件,造成重大财产损失和人员伤亡,其中1931年的特大洪水尤为突出。它影响的范围达数万平方英里,淹没了稻田和包括南京和武汉在内的多个城市。洪水影响了超过5000万人。据估计死亡人数达约370万人。 东京、横滨地震 (1923年) 1923年9月1日中午,东京、横滨都市区发生里氏7.9级地震,估计死亡人数超过14万人。其中大部分死亡是由随后发生的大面积火灾造成的。数十万栋房屋不是被摇晃就是被烧毁。地震在相模湾的热海市引发了高达 39.5 英尺(12 米)的海啸。地震及其余震摧毁了日本最大的商业中心,给这个国家带来了数十年的创伤。 加尔维斯顿大风暴 (1900年) 加尔维斯顿大风暴发生于1900年9月8日,当时一场估计强度为 4 级的飓风袭击了德克萨斯州加尔维斯顿。这场飓风仍然是美国历史上最致命的自然灾害。超过 8,000 人死亡,10,000 人无家可归。它的袭击没有太多预警,因为当时的风暴预报缺乏准确预测飓风将造成的巨大物质和人员伤亡所需的先进技术。 博拉气旋 (1970年) 博拉气旋于1970年12月12日发生在现在的孟加拉国。它仍然是有记录以来最致命的热带气旋,也是世界上最致命的人道主义灾难之一。至少有 30万人在这场风暴中丧生,甚至可能多达50万人,主要原因是风暴潮淹没了恒河三角洲的大部分低洼岛屿。
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 社会服务与人际沟通 作者参加志愿者服务的一次 野外营救活动 ★★★★
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you’re a mountain rescue volunteer, you never know when you’re going to be called to work. We go out in all weather, and at any time of the day or night. If someone is in danger, there’s no time to lose. On New Year’s Day last year, I was sitting at the table with my family. 1 Two hikers had decided to celebrate the new year by walking along a mountain ridge (岭) in Country Kerry, Ireland, just a few miles from my home. They were staying in a small guest house, and had set off early on New Year’s Eve. When they didn’t return by the following morning, their host became worried and called the police. 2
I was just one of 12 volunteers who left our breakfast tables and set out to look for the missing hikers. We pushed through strong winds and thick cloud, calling and listening over and over again. 3 It was too cold to survive for long out on the mountains, and the hikers had been missing for a whole day and night. Suddenly, I heard the sound of a whistle. I shouted out, and was relieved to hear a voice about back. 4 They were so happy to see us. They explained that they’d got lost, and the winds had been too strong for them to keep walking. Luckily, they had warm clothes, food and the tent.
5 After what seemed a century, we returned them to their guest house, where a delicious hot meal was waiting for them and for the rescue volunteer team. They said that they’ll never forget that New Year’s Day when they were rescued by local people who became heroes. (276 words)
A. Then the police called Kerry Mountain Rescue Team.
B. Nobody answered back so we began to lose hope.
C. Immediately we led them back down the mountain.
D. We were just about to start eating when my phone rang.
E. We didn’t know they had already found their way home.
F. After searching all night, we gave up and went back home.
G. The hikers were crowded together in a small tent between two large rocks.
Passage 2
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 灾害防范 1665年的伦敦大瘟疫 ★★★★
改编自 https:///
(Nairobi, January 20)The livelihood (living) of farmers and other food growers in East Africa is under attack from locusts (蝗虫). Authorities say swarms (large groups) of millions of locusts are destroying large areas of farmland and vegetation. Millions of people are at risk after the insects destroyed crops in Eritrea, Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan and Uganda. The clouds of locusts are spreading and could affect the agriculture, bushland and forests of countries nearby. The United Nations' Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) report that some swarms have been sighted flying in the sky as far as Yemen and Oman in the Gulf. It is the worst locust invasion in 70 years and some say it is reaching Biblical proportions.
The locust disaster is seriously affecting the lives of over 12 million people. Many of these were already experiencing food insecurity due to poor harvests from a lack of rain. The swarms of locusts will only worsen the dangerous, difficult and unfortunate situation of people who live in the region. Locusts are pests extremely needing great quantities of food. One locust can eat its entire body weight in just 24 hours. A small swarm could sweep its way quickly through enough food to feed 35,000 people in just one day. Esther Kithuka, a farmer in Kenya, expressed her concern about the dangerous situation. She said: "We depend a lot on this season and we worry that the locusts will destroy our harvest and we will end up remaining hungry through the rest of the year until next cropping season." (264 words)
1. What were the swarms of locusts destroying
A. Whole countries. B. Everything in sight.
C. Forests and deserts. D. Large amounts of farmland.
2. Which countries could the locusts affect next
A. Neighbouring countries. B. Those in southern Africa.
C. Those in the Middle east. D. European countries.
3. What does the underlined phrase “Biblical proportions” mean
A. Countable amount. B. Uncountable amount.
C. Amazing ability. D. Flying ability.
4. What is the Kenyan farmer’s mood for the locust disaster
A. Indifferent. B. Talkative. C. Depressed. D. Calm.
Passage 3
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 自然灾害与防范 1665年伦敦爆发的瘟疫 ★★★★
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
During the summer of 1665, London was rocked by a horrible disease, known as the Great Plague. People were terrified of the disease, as there was no cure and little was known about how it was spread. Hygiene (卫生) was often very poor; towns and villages could be dirty. Also, doctors and researchers did not know as much about medicine as they do now, consequently many diseases had no cure.
At first, people were unsure about how the plague was spread. They hoped that if the reason could be found, the plague could be controlled or stopped. Some doctors felt that poisonous air was to blame, and if people breathed bad air in, they became unwell. Others blamed farm animals. However, the real cause of the plague was rats. The rats carried bacteria, which was spread to people by flea (跳蚤) bites. When people sneezed and coughed, they spread the disease even more.
The plague spread very quickly. Within three to four days of catching the disease, people were dying. Some typical symptoms were painful swelling of the skin, blisters, headaches, fever and sickness. If someone from a family got the plague, the whole house was blocked. A red cross was marked on the front door of any houses where somebody had the plague. As many as 100,000 people had died in London by the end of 1665.
In the autumn of 1666, the weather was very cold. This killed many of the rats and fleas which were spreading the virus. Also, the Great Fire of London, in the same year, destroyed many rat-affected buildings. This seriously reduced the rat population. (277 words)
5. What does the author want to tell us at the beginning of the passage
A. Why were people poor
B. Why were people terrified
C. Why was little known about the disease
D. Why was cure so hard to find
6. What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A. The cause of the plague.
B. The spreading of the plague.
C. The symptoms of the plague.
D. The helplessness of the doctors.
7. What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A. The plague spread very quickly.
B. A red cross was a cure for the plague.
C. The plague was very severe then.
D. The symptoms were not so clear.
8. What does do you think of the weather in the autumn of 1666 and the Great Fire of London
A. It worsened the plague.
B. It’s terrible for travelling.
C. It caused inconvenience.
D. It’s helpful in stopping the disease.
I. 新闻报道的结构及语言特征
本单元的Reading部分是两则新闻报道。英语新闻主要由标题、导语、主体等部分组成,结构相对固定,并秉承Keep it short and simple的原则开展写作。开头部分就开门见山,用一句话简要地概括新闻的内容,并把读者最关心的内容先说,呈“倒金字塔型”,有的还配有照片或插图。语言简洁,时态为一般过去时。
示例: 改编自https://www./english-grammar/report-writing-for-class-12/ 阅读以下新闻,完成文后试题。 Wren Rescues Ringtail by Ollie Jones in Brisbane Twelve year old student, Jilly Wren climbed 30 feet to rescue a Ring-tailed Possum today. Tree loppers had been removing trees at West Bank School to create a new concrete play area. During morning tea, students spied the possum peering out from a lopped hollow branch. “Jilly just shimmied her way up the tree with her school bag and came down with a little possum thumping around inside it,” said schoolmate, Jack Komninos. Principal, Ms Anne Watson, alerted National Parks and Wild Life. With the help of the tree loppers, the wild life officers rescued six more ring-tailed possums from hollows in trees lopped for felling. All the possums are reported to be ‘in good condition’ and are being cared for at the Brisbane Forest Park. A suggested plan to relocate the possums in the school environs will involve refashioning of the hollowed tree trunks as part of an environmental sculpture project. Mr Harry Bean, who was on playground duty when Jilly Wren climbed the tree, fainted and is receiving medical attention for concussion and stress. Jilly Wren used a coconut tree climbing technique known as the ‘frog’ to rescue the possum. The young heroine was unavailable for interview. According to Jack Komninos, Jilly was on detention for being in a ‘strictly out of bounds’ area. 生词:ring-tailed Possum 环尾负鼠 tree lopper 修剪工 peer out 张望 a lopped hollow branch 被砍断的空心树枝 shimmy one’s way up 摇摇晃晃地爬上了树 a little possum thumping 一只小负鼠跳来跳去 alert 报警 fell 砍伐(树木) the school environs 学校环境 refashion 改造;重新设计 concussion 脑震荡 be on detention 被拘留 strictly out of bounds严格禁区 1. Headline: __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Byline: ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Details What: _____________________________________________________________________________ Where: ____________________________________________________________________________ When: ____________________________________________________________________________ How: _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Why: _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Further details: _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. Interviews/Comments/Fuether action: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文 雷恩拯救负鼠 奥利·琼斯, 布里斯班 12岁的学生Jilly Wren 今天爬了 30 英尺来营救一只环尾负鼠。 为了建造一个新的混凝土游乐区,三名修剪工一直在砍伐西岸学校的树木,早茶期间,学生们发现负鼠从一根被砍断的空心树枝中向外张望。 “吉莉背着书包摇摇晃晃地爬上了树,然后下来了,里面有一只小负鼠在里面跳来跳去,” 杰克·科姆尼诺斯同学 (Jack Komninos) 说。 校长 Anne Watson 女士向国家公园和野生动物管理局报警。在修剪工的帮助下,野生动物保护官员从被砍伐的树洞中又救出了六只环尾负鼠。 据报道,所有负鼠都 “状况良好”,目前正在布里斯班森林公园接受照顾。有人建议将负鼠重新安置在学校环境里,其中包括对空心树干进行改造,作为环境雕塑项目的一部分。 当吉莉·雷恩爬上树时,哈利·比恩先生正在操场上值班,他晕倒了,现正在因脑震荡和压力而接受治疗。 吉莉·雷恩使用一种被称为 “青蛙式” 的攀爬方式来营救负鼠。 这位位年轻的女英雄无法接受采访。杰克·科姆尼诺斯称,吉莉因闯入 “严格禁区” 而被拘留。 读写结合 (2020山东高考真题) 假定你是李华, 上周日你校举办了5公里越野赛跑活动,请你为校英文报写一篇报道。内容包括: 1. 参加人员; 2. 跑步路线:从校门口到南山脚下; 3. 活动反响。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A Cross-Country Running Race ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Passage 1
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人与自然 环境保护 艺术家Benjamin Von Wong通过使用海洋塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法,引发人们对塑料污染的思考。 ★★★★
(2021年高考乙卷)
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. (280 words)
1. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for
A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
2. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
3. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers
A. Calming. B. Disturbing. C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
Passage 2
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人与自然 灾害防范 地震的预测 ★★★★
(江苏省徐州市2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷)
Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evidences of coming quakes.
However, there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard. “We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes,” said Egill, a research professor at the California Institute of Technology. Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement, but precisely predicting would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust (地壳). Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs, given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood. Actually, real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms. As it turns out,quake prediction is extremely difficult.
Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece. Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes. The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2,500 years ago: he made it as he scooped (舀) water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous. Nowadays, seismic (地震的) and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem.
Currently, Terra Seismic can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence. Generally, Terra Seismic does not predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicenter (震中) is located beyond a depth of 40 km. Fortunately, such quakes are almost always harmless, since quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface. “Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,” Bruneau said. “Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.” (320 words)
5.Why is earthquake forecasting so difficult
A.Some basic physics of earthquakes is unknown.
B.Data on early warning signs are fully understood.
C.Mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust are impossible.
D.Earthquake prediction is the same as the diagnosis of human illness.
6.Why does the author give the example of Pherecydes
A.To explain why Pherecydes was famous.
B.To explain Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature.
C.To show earthquake forecasting is a science with a long history.
D.To show remote-sensing methods are the best solution to earthquake prediction.
7.What does Bruneau mean in paragraph 4
A.Scientists have methods to predict earthquake.
B.Terra Seismic can predict an earthquake.
C.Some quakes are harmless if quake’s energy is released.
D.Scientists have no reliable method to predict an earthquake.
8.What is the main idea of the passage
A.The reasons for earthquake forecasting. B.The history of earthquake forecasting.
C.The methods of earthquake forecasting. D.The future of earthquake forecasting.
Passage 3
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 环境保护 Molai在岛上种树来保护动植物 ★★★★★
(2020年山东高考)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 .
He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 7 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots (陶制的锅) with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.
Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
2. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
3. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
4. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
5. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
6. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
7. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
8. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
9. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
10. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
11. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
12. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
13. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
14. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect
15. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued
Passage 4
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人与自然 灾害防范 应对自然灾害的方法 ★★★★★
改编自https://www./coping-with-natural-disasters-2797570
Ways to Cope With Natural Disasters
Though the effects of natural disasters can be severe and far-reaching, there are steps you can take to cope. Here are some ways you may be able to reduce the trauma of a natural disaster.
1 Research has consistently found that early intervention, resources, and support from others can be a major factor in helping people overcome the negative effects of an upsetting event. Given that a natural disaster can impact an entire community, your support system may be weakened by a natural disaster. 2
Try to establish a schedule. For example, set regular times for meals, waking up in the morning, or talking with family and friends. A natural disaster can greatly disturb your regular schedule increasing the extent to which your life feels chaotic and out of control. 3 It can help you establish a sense of predictability and control.
Talk about the effect of the natural disaster. Share your feelings with others, or at the very least, find some way to express your emotions. A natural disaster can result in strong feelings of anger, anxiety, and sadness. These emotions need to be expressed. 4
Focus on self-care. A natural disaster can exhaust you physically as well as emotionally. It is very important that you make time to care for yourself. Self-care is integral to emotional and physical health. Caring for your body, mind, and spirit can increase your ability to cope with hurt. 5 Mindfulness practice has also been shown to help survivors cope with post-traumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍). (257 words)
A. Find ways to help others.
B. Seek out and connect with social support.
C Try to limit other sources of stress in your life.
D. If you hold them in, they may get more intense.
E. Try to come up with a daily, structured schedule.
F. Make sure you eat well, get enough sleep, and exercise.
G. However, even connecting with one person can make a difference.