(共41张PPT)
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
语言
能力 必背
单词 geologist sample evolve suspect ancestor
evolution generate characteristic decline blame
primitive worldwide giant myth legend
detect root link centimetre
重点
短语 first choice of all time be a disgrace
be crowded with come to exist in question
a variety of adapt to tiny amounts of
be native to drive...away
重点
句式 1.强调句 2.not...until...直到……才……
3.be said to据说…… 4.it作形式主语
5.the way作先行词,后跟定语从句
核心语法 过去完成时
主题写作 写观察日志
文化
意识 了解达尔文的生物进化论,增进学生对大自然生物生长规律的了解,从而激发学生探索未知世界的热情
思维
品质 促进学生思维解放,启迪学生科学思考人的精神;培养学生运用规律解决问题的思维品质,从而使思想认识产生质的飞跃。
学习
能力 培养学生学会观察,学会记录和整理,学会思考的好习惯,围绕人与自然这个话题,提高学生学习英语的兴趣和热情,从而提高英语学习效率。运用本单元所积累的话题词汇和表达法,熟练表达自己的观点
Part 1
Part 2
目录索引
Part 1
Reading comprehension
第一步 速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 What is the text mainly about
A.Darwin's interest in various things made him a great naturalist.
B.Darwin's journey on the Beagle inspired his theory of evolution.
C.Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time.
D.Why was Darwin chosen to go on a journey with the captain of the Beagle.
√
Activity 2 Read the text again and match each paragraph with its main idea.
1.Para.1 A.Developed ideas.
2.Para.2 B.Proposed a theory.
3.Para.3 C.On his journey.
4.Para.4 D.Answered the call of the captain.
5.Para.5 E.General ideas.
6.Para.6 F.The greatness of On the Origin of Species.
7.Para.7 G.Looked for more evidence.
第二步 精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What's the opinion of Darwin's father about his journey
A.He thought it was great.
B.He thought Darwin was courageous.
C.He thought it was a shame to Darwin.
D.He was in favour of the journey.
2.Where did Darwin raise the question: how did different species come to exist
A.In England. B.In South America.
C.In the Gal pagos Islands. D.In Europe.
√
√
3.What did Darwin find on the Gal pagos Islands
A.The difference between the finches on each of the islands.
B.The evolution of human beings.
C.The samples of some birds.
D.The food of different birds.
4.What's the author's attitude to Darwin's Evolution Theory
A.Objective. B.Negative.
C.Favorable. D.Indifferent.
√
√
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.Why did Darwin publish his theory until 1859
2.What examples can you find to support Darwin's Theory of Evolution
略
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences which include phrases linking the sentences.
①What's more,he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”.
②Despite all this,his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.
第三步 深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
Darwin was fascinated 1.__________rocks,plants and animals,who began his journey 2.__________the Beagle.As he studied the 3.__________ (sample) on the ship,he raised the question: how did different species come 4.__________(exist) Although people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time,Darwin wanted to look for 5.__________(evident) to prove it was not true.On the Gal pagos Islands,he noticed the 6.__________ (differ) between the finches,and it seemed their beaks 7.__________(evolve). Darwin suspected the finches had evolved from 8._________(early) ancestors. 9.__________(eventual),he proposed a theory about evolution 10. _________ living things had evolved from lower forms of life,and published his book,On the Origin of Species.
by
on
samples
to exist
evidence
difference
had evolved
earlier
Eventually
that
Activity 7 长难句分析
1. The captain of the ship,the Beagle,wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”.
[尝试翻译]
主语
同位语
谓语
宾语
定语从句
“贝格尔号”船长希望有人能“借着访问遥远而少有人知的国家的机会而受益”。
2.When the Beagle reached the Gal pagos Islands in 1835,Darwin saw a variety of new species,but it was the birds that interested him the most.
时间状语从句
主语
谓语
宾语
并列连词表示转折
强调句
[尝试翻译]
当“贝格尔号”在1835年到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时,达尔文看到了各种各样的新物种,但最让他感兴趣的是鸟类。
3.Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before.
主语
谓语
宾语从句
非限制性定语从句
[尝试翻译]
达尔文怀疑雀科鸣禽是从一个很久之前就到达这些岛屿的共同的祖先进化而来的。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
必记写作词汇
1.__________n.种子,籽
2.__________n.样本
3.__________v.猜想,怀疑,觉得
4.__________n.(动物的)原种,祖先
seed
sample
suspect
ancestor
识记阅读词汇
1.disgrace n.__________
2.geologist n.__________
3.finch n.__________
4.beak n.__________
串记拓展词汇
1.distant adj.遥远的→__________n.距离,远方
2.evolve v.进化→__________n.进化(论)
3.generate v.产生,创造→__________n.产生;一代人;同代人
→__________n.发电机
丢脸,耻辱
地质学家
雀科鸣禽
鸟嘴,喙
distance
evolution
generation
generator
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
英语中,有些以-lve结尾的动词,常变为-lution 结尾的名词。例如:
solve→solution解决;evolve→evolution 进化,演变;resolve→resolution 解决,决心。
1.____________________ 追溯到
2.____________________ 响应号召
3.____________________ 而且,此外
4.____________________ 导致
5.of all time ____________________
6.____________________ 被提及的;讨论中的
7.____________________ 拥挤
8.come to exist ____________________
9.____________________ 适应
date back to
answer the call
what's more
lead to
有史以来;一直
in question
be crowded with
开始存在
adapt to
要点探究 能力素养全提升
1.date back to 追溯到,起源于
【佳句背诵】The attraction of the museum lies in the fact that its collections date back to the Middle Ages.[地点介绍]
这个博物馆的吸引力在于它的收藏品可以追溯到中世纪。
2.lead to 引起,导致;通向
【佳句背诵】(2020全国Ⅱ卷) Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace.[人际关系]
研究表明,更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所。
3.fascinate v.使入迷,吸引
【佳句背诵】If you look back on history,you will certainly be fascinated with many customs and cultures.[文化习俗]
如果你回顾历史,你肯定会被许多风俗习惯和文化所吸引。
4.be crowded with 挤满;充满
【佳句背诵】The museum used to be crowded with visitors coming from all over the world.[地点介绍]
这家博物馆挤满了来自世界各地的参观者。
1.distant adj.遥远的;远处的;久远的;疏远的
(1)be distant from与……遥远 (2)distance n.距离;远方 at a distance隔一段距离;距离稍远 in the distance在远方 keep sb at a distance/keep one's distance 对……冷淡;与……疏远 (3)distantly adv.遥远地,冷漠地
【佳句背诵】To many people,technology means computers,hand-held devices,or vehicles that travel to distant planets.[科技发展]
对许多人来说,技术意味着电脑、手持设备或能到遥远行星的交通工具。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①Jay had always tended to keep his girlfriend __________a distance.
②A brother and a sister,for example,share many more genes than __________ (distant) related cousins.
③She was warned to keep her __________(distant) from John if she didn't want to get hurt.
④远处似乎有什么东西在移动。当那个身影靠近我家时,我发现是一个远房亲戚。
Something seemed to move __________ ___________ _________.When the figure approached my house,I found it was a __________relative.
at
distantly
distance
in the distance
distant
2.exist vi.存在;生存,生活
(1)exist in 存在于……之中 exist on=live on 靠……为生 There exist...有……,存在…… (2)existence n.存在;生存 in existence 存在 come into existence出现,产生 bring into existence使……出现/产生 (3)existing adj.现存的,现行的
【佳句背诵】They completely ignore these facts as if they never existed.[人物介绍]
他们完全无视这些事实,就好像它们从来不存在一样。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①So scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of __________(exist).
②I felt a sort of awe at the possibilities that __________(exist) in his world.
③It was impossible for them to exist __________such a small income.
④The __________(exist) research says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions.
⑤众所周知,年轻人和老年人之间存在代沟。
As is known to us,_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ between the young and the old.
existence
existed
on
existing
there exists a generation gap
3.adapt to 适应,适合
(1)adapt...to...使……适应或适合……
adapt...from...根据……改编或改写……
adapt...for...改编或改写……用来…… (2)adaptable adj.能适应的,适应性强的 (3)adaptation n.改编(本),改造;适应
【佳句背诵】I found it not easy to adapt to new life.[人物介绍]
我发现适应新生活并不容易。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①He tried to adapt __________(he) to the new climate.
②This text is adapted __________a story in Chinese Literature.
③So even if emissions were to begin decrease today,we would still face the challenge of __________(adapt) to climate change.
④她过了好一阵子才适应了寒冷的天气。
It took her a while ,_________ _________ _________ _________ the cold weather.
【名师点睛】
adopt采用,采纳,采取;收养,领养
adapt改编;(使)适应,适合
himself
from
adapting
to adapt herself to
4.suspect v.怀疑;不信任;猜想 n.(犯罪)嫌疑人,可疑分子
suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做了)某事 suspect sb to be...疑心某人是…… suspect that...疑心…… suspected有嫌疑的;疑似……的
【佳句背诵】They were banned from leaving their rooms because someone of them was suspected of having the flu.[人物介绍]
因为他们中某人疑似得了流感,所以禁止他们离开房间。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①The police suspected him of __________(take) part in the jewel robbery.
②Many people suspect __________all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.
③On his way to Bukhara he got a taste of police methods when __________ (suspect) of drug dealing.
④警察逮捕了两名嫌疑人,他们被怀疑向敌人透露政府机密。
The police arrested __________ __________,who _________ _________ _________ _________ _________government secrets to the enemy.
taking
that
suspected
two suspects
were suspected
of giving away
5.convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的
(1)convince v.使确信;使信服;使相信 convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事 convince sb that...使某人相信…… convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事 (2)convinced adj.坚信不疑的 be convinced of sth 深信某事 be convinced that...深信……
【佳句背诵】His version of the accident seemed most convincing.[人物介绍]
他对该事件的叙述似乎最令人信服。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①He tried to convince them __________the safety of traveling by airplane.
②He convinced them __________(allow) him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.
③There is now __________(convince) evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.
④他尽力使我相信他的解释。我因他令人信服的数据和脸上坚信不疑的表情,而对他的话深信不疑。
He tried to _________ _________ _________ his explanation.I _________ _________ _________ his words because of his __________data and _________ _________ on his face.
of
to allow
convincing
convince me of
was
convinced of
convincing
convinced expressions
Ⅰ.一词多义
distant
A.adj. 心不在焉的;恍惚的;出神的 B.adj. 远房的,远亲的
C.adj. 遥远的,久远的 D.adj.冷淡的 E.adj. 不同的,不相似的
①The time we spent together is now a distant memory.__________
②Their life seemed utterly distant from his own.__________
③There was a distant look in her eyes;her mind was obviously on something else.__________
④Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone.__________
⑤She was my distant cousin,so I was not familiar with her.__________
C
E
A
D
B
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.judge
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n._______________ Judges will choose up to 50 honorable winners,who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
v._______________ You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation.
生义 n._______________ The judge sentenced him to five years in prison.
v._______________ The case will be judged in ten days.
裁判员;评判员
判断;断定
法官;审判员
审理;裁决;判决
2.suspect
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v.________________ She suspected that one of her three daughters had picked it up,but the girls said they hadn't.
生义 n.________________ He is the prime suspect in the case.
adj.________________ Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect.
怀疑
嫌疑分子
不可信的,靠不住的
1.强调句
【教材原句】When the Beagle reached the Gal pagos Islands in 1835,Darwin saw a variety of new species,but it was the birds that interested him the most.
当“贝格尔号”在1835年到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时,达尔文看到了各种各样的新物种,但最让他感兴趣的是鸟类。
强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...,可对句子除谓语外的成分进行强调。当被强调部分是人,且作主语时,可用who或that,其他情况下一律用that。
①基本句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分。
②一般疑问句:Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分
③特殊疑问句:疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子其他部分
④在宾语从句中的强调句结构,从句必须使用陈述语序。
特别提醒:
判断句子是否是强调句,就是把句子中的“It is/was”和“that/who”去掉,语序加以调整,能还原为完整句子且句意依然完整,则为强调句型。
【佳句背诵】(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷) It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally.[人物介绍]
正是他勇敢的心和坚定的信念最终让一些不寻常的事情发生了。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①But it was the effects of the fat cells __________may have been the most significant,the researchers found.
②It __________(be) only when the car was pulled up from the river that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
③Was it because Jack came late for school __________Mr Smith got angry
④昨天他是什么时候才回到家的
________ ________ _______ _________ he got back home yesterday
that
was
that
When was it that
2.not...until...直到……才……
【教材原句】It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.
该书直到1859年才出版,并立即引起了一场风暴。
(1)until用于肯定句时,主句的谓语动词是延续性动词,表示动作一直持续到until所表示的时间为止。
(2)until用于否定句时,not...until...“直到……才……”。 主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词,表示动作在until所表示的时间才发生。 (3)not until位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。 (4)not...until...结构的强调句型:It is/was not until...that...
【佳句背诵】You can't take possession of the house until you pay off your loan.[社会生活]
还完贷款后你才能拥有这套房子。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①Nicolo and another bidder battled __________Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
②(2021全国乙卷) Everything was going smoothly __________Jeff started frying the bread.
③Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century __________his musical gift was fully recognized.
④至少过了三十秒钟,这个人才说出话来。
Not until at least thirty seconds had passed, ________ ________ _______ _________ _______ _________ .
until
until
that
was the man
able to speak(共35张PPT)
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Section C Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
Part 1
Part 2
目录索引
Part 1
Reading comprehension
第一步 速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 What might be the author's purpose in writing the text
A.To tell us the importance of talking plants.
B.To convince people that talking plants are only a thing of myths and legends.
C.To introduce some ways in which plants communicate.
D.To tell the readers how to communicate with plants.
√
Activity 2 Read the text again and match each paragraph with its main idea.
1.Para.1 A.Plants also use sound to communicate.
2.Para.2 B.Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends.
3.Para.3 C.It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to
communicate with each other.
4.Para.4 D.New research has revealed that plants can communicate.
5.Para.5 E.Plants have a communication system called“wood wide web”
in a forest.
6.Para.6 F.Scientists are learning more about the ways plants
communicate.
第二步 精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.The recent scientific studies have shown that plants can .
A.communicate with other living things in a chemical way when being eaten by an insect
B.hardly react to the chemicals the neighbour released
C.can release some chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten to drive the insects away
D.call the wasps to kill the insects that are eating their leaves
√
2.What can we infer from paragraph 4
A.People can't hear the noise created by the plants because we can't use sound to communicate with them.
B.All the plants can make noises with their roots.
C.Only chilli plants can tell if a neighbour plant is helpful or unfriendly.
D.When some plants make clicking noises,perhaps it suggests drought is coming.
√
3.How do you think the plants link with each other in a forest
A.They can keep linked by cables and satellites like the Internet we use.
B.They have an amazing system of communication called the “wood wide web”.
C.They are linked underground by their roots.
D.They use the fungal network to share information and food but they can't attack others like our own Internet.
4.The text is likely to appear in .
A.a newspaper advertisement
B.a diary
C.a science magazine
D.a guidebook
√
√
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.Have you seen a film or read a book about talking plants Say something about it.
2.If a plant in your home can talk,what do you think it will tell you
略
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe how the plants communicate.
①It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.
②More surprisingly,plants also use sound to communicate.
③Most surprisingly of all,plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.
第三步 深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
Talking trees can give advice and warnings to people.1.__________ has been known for some time that plants use chemicals 2.______________ (communicate) with each other.When a plant gets 3.__________(attack) by insects,it releases tiny amounts of chemicals.Another plant 4.__________ (detect) them from its 5.__________(injure) neighbour and gives off its own chemicals,6.__________ drive insects away or attract the enemy of insects.
Plants also use sound to communicate.Some plants make 7.__________ (noise) with their roots and some plants make even noises when there is a drought.
It
to communicate
attacked
detects
injured
which
noises
Most 8.__________(surprise),plants have 9.__________ amazing system of communication linking nearly every plant in a forest,called the “wood wide web”.10. __________ (use) the wood wide web,plants can share information and even food with each other.
surprisingly
an
Using
Activity 7 长难句分析
1.Using the wood wide web,plants can share information and even food with each other.
现在分词短语作方式状语
主语
谓语
宾语
[尝试翻译]
利用树维网,植物可以彼此分享信息甚至食物。
主句
2.Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other.
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
[尝试翻译]
科学家们每天都在更多地了解植物之间相互交流的秘密方式。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
必记写作词汇 1.__________ n.根
2.__________ v.把……联系起来;连接
3.__________ n.厘米
识记阅读词汇 1.myth n.____________ 2.legend n.______________
3.wasp n.____________ 4.pesticide n.____________
5.chilli n.____________ 6.fungus n.____________
7.fungal adj.____________ 8.cybercrime n.____________
串记拓展词汇 detect v.发现,察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)
→__________ n.发现,察觉→__________ n.探测器
root
link
centimetre
(古代的)神话
传说,传奇(故事)
黄蜂
杀虫剂,农药
辣椒
真菌
真菌的
网络犯罪
detection
detector
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
以-t或-te结尾的动词,变成名词时,常以-tion结尾。例如:
detect→detection 发现,察觉;invent→invention发明;create→creation创造; celebrate→celebration庆祝;congratulate→congratulation祝贺; pollute→pollution污染;donate→donation捐献; communicate→communication交流,交往;predict→prediction预言; relate→relation 关系;operate→operation操着,手术;
educate→education教育等。
1.__________________驱走,赶走
2.__________________与……相似
3.__________________与……连接
4.__________________从……偷东西
5.__________________肩并肩地
6.__________________脸朝上地;正面朝上地
7.__________________形状像……;形如……
drive away
be similar to
link...to
steal sth from...
side by side
face up
be shaped like
要点探究 能力素养全提升
1.detect v.发现,察觉(尤指不易察觉到的事物)
【佳句背诵】Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early.[医疗健康]
如果早期发现,许多癌症都是可以治愈的。
2.amazing adj.令人惊异的
【佳句背诵】(2022全国甲卷)From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises,the whole experience was amazing.[活动介绍]
从观察野生动植物到观看日出,整个经历都很棒。
1.as well as 和,又
(1)as well as前后连接两个并列成分,即第一个as前用什么形式,第二个as后就用什么形式。
(2)当as well as连接两个主语时,要根据前一个主语来确定谓语动词的形式。
(3)with,together with,like,but,except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to连接主语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
【佳句背诵】She intends to fight to become a good worker as well as a good mother.[人物介绍]
她打算努力成为一个好工人和好妈妈。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①As well as __________(look) at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
②Amy,as well as her brothers,__________(give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
③我妹妹和我一样待会需要练琴。
My sister ________ ________ ________ ________ _________ to practice the piano later.
looking
was given
as well as I needs
2.drive away 驱走
drive sb to do sth 迫使某人做某事
drive sb mad/crazy使某人发疯
be driven by由……驱动
drive over to开车到
【佳句背诵】Farmers usually spray pesticides to drive away insects to protect their crops.[环境保护]
农民通常喷洒杀虫剂来驱赶昆虫,以保护他们的庄稼。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①The aging of the population is __________(drive) by two factors.
②On a sunny Saturday,Sally and I drove over __________the museum.
③就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样,顾客也会让你抓狂。
Like anyone for whom you feel affection,customers can also ________ _________ ________.
driven
to
drive
you crazy
3.link v.连接,联系 n.联系,关联,关系
link...with...把……和……联系/连接起来
be linked to/with与……有关,有联系
link up (with sb/sth)(与……)连接,结合
link sth to sth使……和……挂钩,使……和……联系起来
links between sth and sth ……和……之间的关联,联系
【佳句背诵】The police attempted to link the case to the strange phenomenon.[事件介绍]
警方试图将此案与那个奇怪的现象联系起来。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything that happened during the day,trying to link new experiences __________old memories.
②(2021天津6月卷)More engagement with the arts is __________(link) to a higher level of people's wellbeing.
③Most food webs,for instance,consist of many weak __________(link) rather than a few strong ones.
④谈话的题目应与学生的经历和兴趣有关。
Topics for conversation should ________ ________ __________the experience and interest of the students.
with
linked
links
be linked to
4.add v.增加,添加;补充说
(1)add...to...把……增加到……
add to使增加(宾语多为difficulty,pleasure,trouble)
add up加起来
add up to总共是,总计为
(2)addition n.增加;增加物
in addition to除……外
【佳句背诵】While I tend to buy a lot of books,these three were given to me as gifts,which might add to the meaning I attach to them.[观点看法]
虽然我倾向于买很多书,但这三本书是送给我的礼物,这可能增加了我赋予它们的意义。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/小语段写作
①As an __________(add) bonus,it's close to the main train station.
②He __________(add) that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
③In __________(add) to saving money,cheese brine could also be a more eco-friendly option.
④向水中加些盐,你会得到混合物。而把这三个数10,62和48加起来,你会计算出它们总共是120,这增加了我们学习的兴趣。
__________ some salt __________the water,and you will get a mixture. __________ the three figures—10,62 and 48 __________,and you will figure out they _______ ________ ________ 120,which ________ ________ our interest in learning.
added
added
addition
Add
to
Add
up
add up to
adds to
5.be shaped like 形状像
shape sth into sth 把……塑造成……
shape up进展(顺利);改善(行为、工作等)
in the shape of 以……形式
in shape 健康状况良好
out of shape 变形;健康状况不好
【佳句背诵】Some paper-cutting works are shaped like dragons,butterflies and beautiful plants.[传统文化]
一些剪纸作品的形状像龙、蝴蝶和美丽的植物。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①Parents are eager to see their kids shape __________.
②By choosing to keep the outside of the home __________great shape,you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
③Help came __________the shape of a $10,000 loan from his parents.
④大多数金属丝一旦弯曲变形就无法恢复原状。
Once most wires are bent ________ ___________ ___________,they don't return to the original position.
up
in
in
out of shape
Ⅰ.一词多义
link
A.n.联系,连接 B.n.关系,纽带
C.n.交通线路,通信手段 D.v.把……连接起来
①The speech was broadcast via a satellite link. _____
②Social customs provide a vital link between generations. _____
③There was a link between the two murders. _____
④The video cameras are linked to a powerful computer. _____
C
B
A
D
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.benefit
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n.______________ (2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.
生义 v.______________ The objective of the most speeches is to benefit the audience.
n.______________ The insurance plan will provide substantial cash benefits for your family in case of your death.
利益;益处;好处
得益;获利;有益于
福利;保险金
2.function
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n.______________ We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day.
生义 v.______________ Every system in our body depends on water to function.
n.______________ The hall provides a venue(场所) for weddings and other functions.
n.______________ Salary is a function of age and experience.
功能;职能;作用
起作用;运转
典礼;宴会
函数
it作形式主语
【教材原句】 It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.
人们早已知晓植物之间使用化学物质进行交流。
it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句,常见的有:
(1)It+be+形容词(possible,strange,natural,important...)+that从句
(2)It+be+过去分词(said,thought,believed,supposed,reported...)+that从句
(3)It+不及物动词(seems,strikes,happens...)+that从句
(4)It+be+名词词组(a pity,an honour,no wonder)+that从句
【佳句背诵】It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.[人物介绍]
很明显,咖啡馆里的经理在等李方离开。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/一句多译
①Meanwhile,it __________(hope) that children will be more responsible and braver in the future.
②It's possible __________we all have compromised conversational intelligence.
③__________ is reported that donating blood does good to health.
我想起来了,你煮的面条味道还不错。
④____________________________the noodles you cooked tasted good.
⑤____________________________the noodles you cooked tasted good.
is hoped
that
It
It struck me that
It occurred to me that(共28张PPT)
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Section B Using language
Part 1
Part 2
目录索引
Part 1 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
必记写作词汇 1.__________________n.特征,特性
2.__________________v.减少
3.__________________v.责怪,指责;把……归咎于
4.__________________adv.遍及全世界
5.__________________n.山羊
识记阅读词汇 1.tortoise n.____________________
2.giant adj.__________________
3.mangrove n.__________________
4.iguana n.__________________
5.comb-like adj.__________________
6.spine n.__________________
串记拓展词汇 primitive adj.原始的,低等的→__________adv.原始地,低等地
characteristic
decline
blame
worldwide
goat
陆龟
巨大的,特大的
红树
鬣蜥
梳状的
(动植物的)刺,刺毛
primitively
1.be blamed on ____________________
2.so far ___________________
3.___________________源于……的
4.___________________为……的所在地;是……的家乡
归咎于
到目前为止
be native to
be home to
要点探究 能力素养全提升
1.characteristic n.特征,特性
【佳句背诵】(2022全国乙卷) Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact and share with one another.[观点看法]
长久的友谊具有双方平等接触和分享的特征。
2.by contrast 相比之下
【佳句背诵】Most people work because it's unavoidable.By contrast,there are some people who actually enjoy work.[观点看法]
大多数人工作是因为这是不可避免的。相比之下,有一些人确实喜欢工作。
1.blame v.责怪,指责;把……归咎于
(1)blame sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事责备某人 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for) 应(对……)负责任,某人应该(因……)被谴责 (2)put/lay the blame for sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 accept/bear/take the blame for sth 对某事负责任
【佳句背诵】The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack's careless driving.[事件介绍]
警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①While we can't change the body type we are born with,we can't blame our genes __________making us fat.
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame __________the alarm clock.
③The driver was not __________(blame) for the traffic accident.
④我们不应把失败完全归咎于别人。
We shouldn't _________ ________ _________ _________ all our failure __________others.
【名师点睛】
be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式,该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。
for
on
to blame
lay the blame for
on
2.decline vi.下降;减少;衰退;拒绝;谢绝 n.下降;衰退;衰退期
(1)decline (from...) to...(从……)下降/减少到…… decline by 下降/减少了…… (2)decline to do sth 婉言拒绝做某事 (3)fall into (a) decline 开始衰落,衰弱下去;走下坡路 a decline in ……的下降 in decline 在下降,在衰退
【佳句背诵】The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000.[事件介绍]
员工人数已从217 000人减少到114 000人。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句式升级
①These lights,known as adaptive signals,have led to significant __________ (decline) in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
②As the economy was __________decline,some people in the town had lost their jobs.
③Even chimp mothers regularly decline __________(share) food with their children,who are able from a young age to gather their own food.
④Our requests are declined,so we were in low spirits.
→______________________________,we were in low spirits.(独立主格结构作状语)
declines
in
to share
Our requests declined
3.be harmful to 对……有害
harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的 harm n.& v.损害,伤害 do harm to sb=do sb harm对某人有害处 There is no harm in doing sth=It does no harm to do sth 做某事无妨。
【佳句背诵】As we all know,a bad eating habit is harmful to one's health.[饮食与健康]
众所周知,不良的饮食习惯对健康有害。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①However,it can be __________(harm) to our friendship.
②All the shop assistants are hard to get along with,which __________(do) great harm to your reputation.
③Pregnant women should be aware that drugs might cause harm __________ their unborn babies.
④就我而言,先向他道歉没有坏处。
As far as I'm concerned,______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ an apology to him first.
harmful
does
to
there is no harm in making
4.remain v.留下,停留,待在;剩下,余下;保持,仍然是
remain vi.留下,停留,待在;剩下,余下 link.v保持,仍然是,依旧是 remains n.遗物,遗址;剩余物 remaining adj.剩下的,余下的 It remains to be seen whether...是否……还将拭目以待。
【佳句背诵】He remained modest even though he achieved a great deal in the field of science.[人物介绍]
尽管他在科学领域取得了很大成就,但他仍然保持谦虚。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
①Spain is a treasury of ancient __________(remain) including the cities left by the Greeks,Romans and Arabs.
②When and where to hold the meeting remains ______________(discuss) further.
③She returned home with the __________(remain) 10 dollars.
④尽管天是否下雨还有待观察,但我们仍需准备。
Although _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ it will be raining,we still need to prepare.
remains
to be discussed
remaining
it remains to be seen whether
【名师点睛】
(1)remain 后接形容词、名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词或介词短语作表语,指某人或某物仍保持某种状态。没有进行时态,也没有被动语态。
(2)remaining 置于名词之前作前置定语;而left必须置于被修饰的名词之后作后置定语。
Part 2 Grammar
语法冲关 语言规则全理清
情景导入
Oprah Winfery is a talk show hostess,actress and television producer. Thanks to her talent and great effort,she had become a millionaire by the time she was 32.By 2000,with a net worth of $800 million,Oprah had been regarded as the richest African American of the 20th century.Oprah said it was her grandmother who had encouraged her to speak in the public. Although successful in work,she used to have a weight problem.But she hadn't given up.Surprisingly,she had lost almost 90 pounds through dieting and exercising.
【语法感悟】
过去完成时是由______________构成的;其否定形式是________________;其被动语态是________________。
had +过去分词
hadn't/had not done
had been done
语法精讲
一、定义
过去完成时的动作需在过去某一时间之前发生,即发生在“过去的过去”。
When they got there,the ship had set off.
当他们到达那时,轮船已经起航了。
二、过去完成时的构成
肯定句:主语+had done
否定句:主语+had not done
被动句:主语+had (not) been done
一般疑问句:Had+主语+done
特殊疑问句:疑问词+had+主语+done
Soon I realized I had made a serious mistake.
我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。
We hadn't learned 3,000 words by the end of last term.
到上学期末,我们还没有学到3 000个单词。
The fire had been put off when the firefighters arrived.
消防队员到达时火已经被扑灭了。
Had Tom left before I arrived
我到达之前汤姆就离开了吗
What had you done before I arrived here
我来这儿之前,你们做了什么
三、过去完成时的用法
1.“已完成”的用法:
表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以before,until,when,than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。
By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done the work.
到昨天早上5点钟时,我们已经做完了那件工作。
He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.
老师从办公室回来时,他刚把教室扫完。
【特别提醒】
在包含before和after的复合句中,因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
The train (had) started before I reached the station.
在我到达车站之前,列车已经开了。
After he (had) arrived in England,Marx worked hard to improve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。
2.“未完成”的用法:
表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始,一直持续到这一过去的时间,还可能再持续下去。
Up to that time all had gone well.
直到那时一切都很顺利。
John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
3.“虚拟性”的用法:
过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法,常用动词有hope,expect,suppose,think,want,intend,mean,plan等;或用在if,wish,as if引导的虚拟语气中。
He had intended to help you but he had no time then.
他本打算帮助你的,但当时没有时间。
If she had worked hard,she would have succeeded.
要是她努力的话,她就会成功了。(事实上她没努力,也没成功。)
I wish I had gone with you to the concert.
我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。
4.用于某些固定句型中:
①在hardly/scarcely/barely...when...,no sooner...than...等结构中,表示“刚刚……就……”。when和than从句里用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时,当否定副词位于句首时,要用部分倒装,即:
Hardly/Scarcely+had+主语+done+when+过去时
No sooner+had+主语+done+than+过去时
I had hardly/no sooner got home when/than the rain poured down.
=Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.
我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下。
②It was/had been+一段时间+since从句。since 从句的谓语用过去完成时。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
我们有10年没这么高兴过了。
③That/It/This was the first/second...time+that从句。that 从句的谓语要用过去完成时。
It was the third time (that) he had left the key at home.
那是他第三次把钥匙落在家里了。
针对训练
1.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)David _____________(not miss) a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children,he did always finish.
2.(2022全国乙卷)Soon,however,they realized what they ______________ (undertake).
3.(2022浙江1月卷)The downturn hit the real estate (房地产) firm where she __________(work) for ten years as an office manager.
4.(2021全国Ⅰ卷)Native Americans __________(take) care of these precious natural resources wisely before the explorers arrived.
5.By nine o'clock last night,we __________(get) 200 pictures from the spaceship.
had not missed
had undertaken
had worked
had taken
had got
6.Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience __________(interrupt) him.
7.It was the third time that he __________(be) out of work that year.
8.Until then he __________(know) nothing about it yet.
9.She asked me whether I __________(return) the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadn't.
10.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ______________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
interrupted
had been
had known
had returned
had been trapped
