限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气：
01 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句用法
积累运用
一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开 与主句之间一般用逗号隔开
位置 放在所修饰的先行词后 as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句中或句尾
先行词 名词或名词性短语 名词、名词性短语或整个句子
引导词 所有的关系代词和关系副词 除that和why之外的关系代词和关系副词
功能 对先行词进行限定或修饰，去掉定语从句，剩余部分的意义不完整 对先行词作附加说明解释，去掉定语从句后，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整
翻译 常译成前置定语 常译成并列分句
例句：
The boy, whose father is an engineer, was admitted to a top university. (去掉非限制性定语从句，句意依然完整)
那个男孩被一所重点大学录取了，他的爸爸是一位工程师。
The boy whose father is an engineer was admitted to a top university. （去掉限制性定语从句，不清楚男孩的身份）
他爸爸是工程师的那个男孩被一所重点大学录取了。
She lost the necklace, which made her sad the whole day.
她丢失了那条项链，这让她沮丧了一整天。
The friend, whom we came across the other day, was also invited to the party.
那个朋友也被邀请参加了晚会，我们几天前遇到过他。
误区：
误区1： 只有which 可以引导非限制性定语从句。
纠正1： 除了that和why不可以引导非限制性定语从句，其他关系代词和关系副词均可引导非限制性定语从句。
例句：
My grandfather’s childhood was bitter, when he lived a hard life.
我祖父的童年是苦涩的，那时他过着艰难的生活。
This is an old house, where my grandfather lived in his childhood.
这是一座旧房子，我祖父曾经小时候在那里居住。
误区2： 介词位于关系代词前，只用于限制性定语从句。
纠正2： 介词位于关系代词前，既可以用于限制性定语从句，也可以用于非限制性定语从句。
例句：
The professor, from whom I have learnt a lot, is very popular in the school.
这位教授在学校很受欢迎，我从他那里学习了很多知识。
The garden in which a variety of flowers are planted attracts a great many visitors.
各样鲜花被种植的花园吸引了很多游客。
二. 引导非限制性定语从句时，关系代词as与关系代词which的异同
关系代词as 关系代词which
不同点 位置 位于句首，句中，句尾 位于主句后
翻译 “正如……” “这，那”
相同点 形式 需要用逗号
As we know, genuine knowledge comes from constant practice.
正如我们所知，真知来自于不断的实践。
He is such a generous person as we all admire.
他正如我们所钦佩的那样，是一位如此慷慨的人。
He was always careless, which made his parents anxious.
他总是粗心，这让他父母焦虑。
一.填入合适的关系词
1. He has published a lot of books, ______________brings him a sense of achievement.
【答案】which
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他出版了很多书，这给他带来了成就感。此处用非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，所以用which。
2. Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem none of us worked out.
【答案】as
【详解】考查限制性定语从句。句意：上学期，我们数学老师出了一道没有人能算出来的考试题。根据句子分析可知，Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem为主句，从句中none of us worked out缺宾语，故为定语从句，先行词是an examination problem，指物定语从句中缺work out的宾语。先行词被so修饰，故用as代替先行词，在定语从句中做宾语。所以填as。
3. She has a brother name I can’t remember.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查限制性定语从句。句意：她有一个哥哥，我记不得他的名字了。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是brother，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。
4. I have many collections of stamps, some of are my favorite.
【答案】which
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我有很多邮票，它们中一些是我的最爱。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词stamps在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which，所以填which。
5. The classroom， door is broken， will soon be repaired.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词的用法。句意：这间教室很快就会被修理，它的门是坏的。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词classroom在从句中充当door的定语，应用关系代词whose，所以填whose。
6． The last one leaves the classroom should close the windows.
【答案】who
【详解】考查限制性定语从句。句意：最后一个离开教室的人应该关窗户。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，关系词代替先行词one在从句中充当主语，指人先行词为the one时多用who, 所用填who。
7. He put aside his work to spend more time with his son, just returned from abroad.
【答案】who
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：他把工作放到一边，花更多时间陪陪刚从国外回来的儿子。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词his son在从句充当主语，应用指代人的关系代词that/who，又非限中不能使用that，故填who。
8. I would like to express my thanks in a way he could never imagine.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：我想用他绝不会想象得到的方式来表达我的感谢。分析句子可知先行词way在从句中充当imagine的宾语，应用指代物的关系代词，故填that/which。
9. The novel coronavirus has had such a deep effect on our life is totally beyond expectation.
【答案】as
【详解】考查限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：新型冠状病毒对我们的生活影响如此之深，这完全出乎意料的。分析句子可知，此处定语从句关系词，先行词effect被such修饰，且在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词as，故填as。
10. Lora is the very teacher I like most, with help I have made progress in my study.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：劳拉就是我最喜欢的老师，在她的帮助下我在学习上取得了进步。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词Lora在从句中充当help的定语，应用关系代词whose，故填whose。
11. Tan Dun once said，Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as to be recognised by the whole world.
【答案】As
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如谭盾所说，中国音乐应该具有表达人类精神的全球性特点，以便被整个世界所认可。“正如”可以表示为“as”，所用填As。
12. Autumn is the season for harvest, __________ farmers get what they have planted in spring.
【答案】when
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：秋天是收获的季节。秋天，农民收获春天种下的庄稼。分析句意可知，可将Autumn作为先行词，In autumn为时间状语，所以用关系副词when。所以填when。
13. They are planning to set up a new hospital, ___________more patients can be treated.
【答案】where
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他们正计划建一所新医院，那里可以治疗更多的病人。hospital作先行词，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。所以填where。
14. I bought all the food in the shop, much of was given out to the poor.
【答案】which
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我买了商店里所有的食物，把它们分给了穷人们。much of_______________ was given out to the poor作非限制性定语从句修饰先行词food，在从句中of后接名词，故用关系代词which。所以填which。
15. is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
【答案】As
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：通常是这样，我们已经制定出生产计划。分析句子，此处为固定结构as is often the case通常是这样，as引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明后面主句的内容。所以填As。
A
I was sitting at my desk when another graduate student in my lab approached me. “Can you help ” he begged. His experiment wasn’t working and he desperately needed help. I was a fifth year PhD student, the senior member of the lab at the time. As I had many times before, I gave in and said yes.
I had a hard time saying no to such requests. I was new to the United States for graduate school. I found it difficult to make new friends and discover after-work activities I enjoyed. So I spent a huge chunk of my time in the lab, with my labmates serving as my primary source of social connection. I feared that if I brushed them off, I’d lose their favor.
After I graduated and started a job in industry, I continued to carry the same attitude with me, and it continued to cost me. It wasn’t until my wife gave birth to our first child that I realized how thin I had stretched myself and how misguided my priorities (重要的事) were. While she lay in a hospital bed in the early stages of labor (分娩阵痛), I sat nearby, busy in correcting a work report on my laptop for my colleague. Hours later, after hearing my daughter’s first cry and watching her tiny fingers grab tightly onto mine, it dawned on me that I should have been fully present during my daughter’s birth.
From then on, I determined to spare more time for my family by reducing my work tasks and carefully considering each request for help. I still enjoyed cooperating with others, but I dealt with mutually (共同地) beneficial tasks first, rather than accepting everything that came my way.
I noticed many benefits, and few disadvantages. My daily work schedule was not so crowded. I no longer worked overtime, and I was able to improve my work performance by focusing more on important tasks. I was also pleased to discover that “Sorry, I’d love to help but I have a deadline coming up” is an acceptable response to a request for assistance. Most colleagues seem to understand.
It’s hard to say “no” to those you work with. But I’ve learned that sometimes that’s the best way to avoid too much workload and lead a freer and happier life.
1．Why was it hard for the author to refuse others’ requests in school
A．He was eager for good relations with others. B．He was interested in helping others.
C．He was fond of doing experiments. D．He was the most experienced student.
2．What did the author realize after his daughter’s birth
A．He felt very happy after his daughter’s birth.
B．His wife had sacrificed a lot for the family.
C．He should have balanced work and life better.
D．He should work harder due to the increased responsibilities.
3．What happened to the author after refusing others
A．He got along badly with his colleagues. B．He got a lot more vital tasks.
C．He received assistance from his colleagues. D．He got less work and more joy.
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．Enjoying family life. B．Giving priority to family.
C．Giving and taking. D．Learning to say “no”.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过自己的经历说明了生活中要学会说“不”。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“I had a hard time saying no to such requests. I was new to the United States for graduate school. I found it difficult to make new friends and discover after-work activities I enjoyed. So I spent a huge chunk of my time in the lab, with my labmates serving as my primary source of social connection. I feared that if I brushed them off, I’d lose their favor.(我很难拒绝这样的要求。我刚到美国读研究生。我发现很难交到新朋友，也很难找到自己喜欢的下班后活动。所以我花了大量的时间在实验室里，我的实验室伙伴是我社会联系的主要来源。我担心如果我不理睬他们，就会失去他们的好感。)”可知，因为作者渴望与他人建立良好的关系，所以在学校很难拒绝别人的请求。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hours later, after hearing my daughter’s first cry and watching her tiny fingers grab tightly onto mine, it dawned on me that I should have been fully present during my daughter’s birth. (几个小时后，听到女儿的第一声啼哭，看着她的小手指紧紧抓住我的手指，我突然意识到，我应该在女儿出生的时候完全陪伴在她身边。)”以及第四段“From then on, I determined to spare more time for my family by reducing my work tasks and carefully considering each request for help. I still enjoyed cooperating with others, but I dealt with mutually (共同地) beneficial tasks first, rather than accepting everything that came my way.(从那时起，我决定减少我的工作任务，并仔细考虑每一个请求的帮助，以腾出更多的时间给我的家庭。我仍然喜欢与他人合作，但我首先处理互利的任务，而不是接受所有的事情。)”可知，因为女儿的出生，作者想腾出更多的时间给自己的家庭，所以决定减少自己的工作任务，换句话说，作者在女儿出生后意识到他应该更好地平衡工作和生活。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“My daily work schedule was not so crowded. (我的日常工作日程没有那么拥挤。)”和最后一段中“But I’ve learned that sometimes that’s the best way to avoid too much workload and lead a freer and happier life. (但我明白了，有时候这是避免太多工作量、过上更自由、更快乐生活的最好方法。)”可知，作者拒绝别人之后，工作量少了，生活更加快乐了。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段“It’s hard to say ‘no’ to those you work with. But I’ve learned that sometimes that’s the best way to avoid too much workload and lead a freer and happier life. (很难对你的同事说‘不’。但我明白了，有时候这是避免太多工作量、过上更自由、更快乐生活的最好方法。)”可知，本文主要通过自己的经历说明生活中要学会说“不”。故选D项。
B
Artificial intelligence has become increasingly common in recent years, appearing in various apps and tools. ChatGPT is a chatbot developed by Open AI and designed to converse (对话) with people, generate text and answer complicated questions. The name ChatGPT stands for “Generative Pre-trained Transformer”, which indicates its ability to use pre-training models to examine the connections between all elements of a data sequence(序列), that is, using a model from one machine learning assignment to train another model, much similar to how people use previously learned information when learning something new. ChatGPT offers a substantial amount of text to use for pre-training.
ChatGPT was launched in November 2022, and the developer trained it to respond to follow-up questions, challenge incorrectness and admit mistakes. ChatGPT is also a generative AI tool that can create various types of content, including short stories, doctorate theses (论文), term papers, menus and more.
ChatGPT makes it easier and faster for bloggers or content creators to produce high-quality text. It can answer complicated questions conversationally, using innovative technology to learn what humans mean when asking questions. Many people are impressed with its human-like responses, making it an efficient tool for generating written content.
ChatGPT excels at language and information tasks. It has some restrictions built in that prevent it from providing toxic reactions that are against the right values. It’s also designed to ignore improper requests. While the program provided pretty decent responses to intellectual questions, it cannot provide definitive answers to spiritual questions. Its answers are not always accurate, as it is trained to give human-feeling responses rather than necessarily being correct.
Though AI tools can assist and enhance our abilities, we must avoid becoming too dependent on them, as this dependence can cost us our thinking abilities, critical skills and intellectual curiosity, which are vitally important for lifelong learning and growth. Thus, despite many advantages of ChatGPT, we must use it wisely to avoid losing crucial skills and cognitive abilities.
5．What is ChatGPT
A．An AI tool designed for text editing. B．A chatbot that can replace human brain.
C．A program generating human-like responses. D．A pre-trained model focused on language learning.
6．What does the underlined word “toxic” mean in paragraph 4
A．Beneficial. B．Complicated. C．Harmful. D．Precise.
7．What is the problem with ChatGPT
A．It cannot respond rapidly enough.
B．The inbuilt restrictions may misguide users.
C．It fails to provide convincing academic replies.
D．Overreliance on it may weaken some essential human abilities.
8．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A news report. B．A sci-tech magazine.
C．An academic paper. D．A research document.
【答案】5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为ChatGPT的聊天机器人，旨在与人对话、生成文本并回答复杂问题。ChatGPT还可以创建各种类型的内容，包括短篇小说、论文、菜单等。ChatGPT在语言和信息任务方面表现出色，但它也有一些限制。尽管ChatGPT有许多优点，但我们必须明智地使用它，避免失去关键技能和认知能力。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ChatGPT is also a generative AI tool that can create various types of content, including short stories, doctorate theses (论文), term papers, menus and more. (ChatGPT也是一个生成AI工具，可以创建各种类型的内容，包括短篇小说、博士论文、学期论文、菜单等)可知，ChatGPT是一个为文本编辑而设计的人工智能工具。故选A。
6．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“reactions that are against the right values (违背正确价值观的反应)”可知，that引导限制性定语从句，先行词是reactions，违背正确价值观的反应应该是“有害的”，划线处作定语修饰名词reactions，其含义应为“有害的”；结合选项，A. Beneficial有益的；B. Complicated复杂的；C. Harmful有害的；D. Precise精确的。划线处和选项C含义相近。故选C
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Though AI tools can assist and enhance our abilities, we must avoid becoming too dependent on them, as this dependence can cost us our thinking abilities, critical skills and intellectual curiosity, which are vitally important for lifelong learning and growth. (虽然人工智能工具可以帮助和增强我们的能力，但我们必须避免过于依赖它们，因为这种依赖会让我们丧失思考能力、批判技能和求知心，而这些对终身学习和成长至关重要)”可知，ChatGPT的问题是过度依赖它可能会削弱人类的一些重要能力。故选D。
8．推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了聊天机器人ChatGPT的功能、局限以及人们应该合理地使用它，属于科技类的文章。由此推知，这段文字可能是从一本科技杂志上摘录的。故选B。
二、完形填空
When she first looked for her wedding dress, Gwendolyn Stuglis had a budget or $1,000. After trying on several dresses, she was 9 a champagne-colored dress with long sleeves by the salesclerk. “I got 10 in my eyes because it was the dress I really wanted,” she admitted. The only 11 : it was triple her budget. After some encouragement from her mother-in-law, Stulgis 12 it. She explained, “Although I hadn’t enough money, that dress was 13 made for me.” She wore the gown with 14 when she became a Stulgis.
As most brides do, she hung her wedding dress in her closet when the 15 was over. Realizing the dress would be 16 if it continued to sit there, she decided to give it away. Stulgis turned to Facebook to search a 17 bride. In the post, there were two 18 : the bride must have their ceremony within three months and the dress must be 19 others. More than 70 messages 20 into Stulgis’ mailbox immediately. Margaret Hyde had planned on making her own dress before she saw Stulgis’ Facebook 21 . She told her sister-in-law, Alycia Ashley, that she wanted to enter but was 22 . So, Ashley secretly emailed Stulgis, 23 Hyde as the most selfless person she knew.
Stulgis was moved by Ashley’s 24 . On June 4, Hyde was told she was chosen. “It was unbelievable,” she said 25 . Hyde promised to follow the traveling dress requests. After her post, Stulgis 26 a Facebook group called Shared Dream Dresses. Since June, 200 dresses have been given away. Stulgis’ community of bridal donations started with such a 27 emotion. She shared, “I want people to feel like they are worth something. I want them to 28 their dress dreams without worrying about buying one. A dressing shouldn’t be kept in the closet.”
9．A．shown B．donated C．awarded D．reminded
10．A．lights B．tears C．fears D．troubles
11．A．price B．drawback C．catch D．decision
12．A．accepted B．offered C．purchased D．abandoned
13．A．seriously B．fortunately C．doubtfully D．completely
14．A．expectation B．dignity C．admiration D．pride
15．A．reception B．trade C．ceremony D．bargain
16．A．stored B．wasted C．ignored D．treasured
17．A．charming B．suitable C．selfless D．kind
18．A．requests B．levels C．plans D．solutions
19．A．passed onto B．helped out C．devoted to D．handed over to
20．A．gathered B．happened C．flooded D．swelled
21．A．account B．application C．comment D．post
22．A．busy B．confident C．outgoing D．hesitant
23．A．describing B．treating C．impressing D．directing
24．A．response B．dream C．reaction D．message
25．A．secretly B．excitedly C．desperately D．eagerly
26．A．sheltered B．promoted C．started D．collected
27．A．giving B．surprising C．refreshing D．moving
28．A．design B．achieve C．update D．copy
【答案】
9．A 10．B 11．C 12．C 13．D 14．D 15．C 16．B 17．C 18．A 19．A 20．C 21．D 22．D 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．C 27．A 28．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章围绕Gwendolyn Stuglis买婚纱的经历展开，讲述了Gwendolyn Stuglis因为自己的婚纱只穿了一次但又价格不菲，于是把自己的婚纱传递给其他准新娘，并在网上创建了一个组织，在这里人们可以让这些婚纱传递下去。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：试穿了几件连衣裙后，售货员给她看了一件香槟色的长袖连衣裙。A. shown展示；B. donated捐赠；C. awarded奖励；D. reminded提醒。根据前文“After trying on several dresses”以及后文“a champagne- colored dress with long sleeves by the salesclerk”可推知，Stulgis在试穿婚纱，试穿了几件后，售货员给她看了一件香槟色的长袖连衣裙。故选A项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她承认：“我眼睛里含着泪水，因为这是我真正想要的裙子”。A. lights光；B. tears眼泪；C. fears害怕；D. troubles麻烦。根据后文“because it was the dress I really wanted”和准新娘试穿婚纱时的心情可推知，Stulgis看到真正想要的裙子会激动地流泪。故选B项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：唯一的困难：这是她预算的三倍。A. price价格；B. drawback缺点；C. catch隐藏的困难，暗藏的不利因素；D. decision决定。根据后文“it was triple her budget”可知，这是她预算的三倍，此处指Stulgis认为这件婚纱价格昂贵，是购买它唯一的困难。故选C项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她婆婆的鼓励下，Stuglis买下了它。A. accepted接受；B. offered提供；C. purchased购买；D. abandoned放弃。根据前文“I got ___2___ in my eyes because it was the dress I really wanted”可知，这是Stulgis真正想要的婚纱，因此在婆婆鼓励下她购买了这件婚纱。故选C项。
13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她解释说：“虽然我没有足够的钱，但那条裙子完全是为我做的。”A. seriously严重地；B. fortunately幸运地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. completely完全地。根据前文“I got ___2___ in my eyes because it was the dress I really wanted”可知，这是Stulgis真正想要的婚纱，此处指那条婚纱完全是为Stulgis做的。故选D项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她成为Stulgis家庭的一员时，她自豪地穿上了这件礼服。A. expectation期望；B. dignity尊严；C. admiration钦佩；D. pride自豪。根据前文“Although I hadn’t enough money, that dress was ___5___ made for me.”可知，那件婚纱完全是为Stulgis做的，此处指她自豪地穿上了这件婚纱。故选D项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：和大多数新娘一样，婚礼仪式结束后，她把婚纱挂在衣橱里。A. reception接待处；B. trade贸易；C. ceremony仪式，典礼；D. bargain便宜货，交易。根据前文“As most brides do, she hung her wedding dress in her closet when the”以及后文“was over”可推知，婚礼仪式结束后，Stulgis把婚纱挂在衣橱里。故选C项。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她意识到如果裙子继续放在那里就会浪费掉，于是决定把它送人。A. stored 储存；B. wasted浪费；C. ignored忽视；D. treasured珍惜。根据后文“she decided to give it away”可知，Stulgis决定把婚纱送人，此处指她意识到如果裙子继续放在那里就会浪费掉。故选B项。
17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Stulgis在Facebook上寻找无私的新娘。A. charming有魅力的；B. suitable合适的；C. selfless无私的；D. kind善良的。根据后文“So, Ashley secretly emailed Stulgis, ___15___ Hyde as the most selfless person she knew.”可知，Ashley给Stulgis发邮件说Hyde是她认识的最无私的人，因此Stulgis想在网上寻找的是无私的新娘。故选C项。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在帖子中，有两个要求：新娘必须在三个月内举行婚礼，婚纱必须传给其他人。A. requests要求，请求；B. levels水平；C. plans计划；D. solutions解决方法。根据后文“Hyde promised to follow the traveling dress requests”可知，Hyde答应了两个要求，因此Stulgis在帖子中提了两个要求。故选A项。
19．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在帖子中，有两个要求：新娘必须在三个月内举行婚礼，婚纱必须传给其他人。A. passed onto传递给；B. helped out帮助；C. devoted to奉献；D. handed over to交给。根据后文“Hyde promised to follow the traveling dress requests.”可知，Hyde答应遵循要求，让婚纱传递下去，因此此处指把婚纱传递给其他人。故选A项。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：70多条信息立即涌入Stulgis的邮箱。A. gathered聚集；B. happened发生；C. flooded涌现；D. swelled膨胀。根据前文“More than 70 messages”和后文“into Stulgis’ mailbox”可推知，此处指70多条信息立即涌入Stulgis的邮箱，flood into为固定搭配，意为“涌入”。故选C项。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Margaret Hyde在看到Stulgis在Facebook上的帖子之前，计划自己做一条裙子。A. account账户，解释；B. application申请，应用；C. comment评论；D. post帖子。根据前文“In the post, there were two ___10___”可知，Stulgis在网络上发了帖子，此处指Hyde在看到这条帖子之前。故选D项。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她告诉她的嫂子Alycia Ashley她想参加，但犹豫不决。A. busy忙碌的；B. confident自信的；C. outgoing外向的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据后文“So, Ashley secretly emailed Stulgis, ___15___ Hyde as the most selfless person she knew.”可知，Hyde本人没有联系Stulgis，而是Ashley私下联系了Stulgis，由此推知Hyde想参加，但犹豫不决。故选D项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，Ashley秘密地给Stulgis发了邮件，说Hyde是她认识的最无私的人。A. describing描述；B. treating对待，处理；C. impressing留下深刻印象；D. directing指导。根据后文“Hyde as the most selfless person she knew”可推知，Ashley应该是把Hyde描述为她认识的最无私的人。故选A项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Stulgis被Ashley的信息感动了。A. response回复；B. dream梦想；C. reaction反应；D. message信息。根据前文“So, Ashley secretly emailed Stulgis, ___15___ Hyde as the most selfless person she knew.”可知，Ashley秘密地给Stulgis发了邮件，此处是指Stulgis被Ashley的信息感动了。故选D项。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“真是难以置信，”她兴奋地说。A. secretly秘密地；B. excitedly兴奋地；C. desperately绝望地；D. eagerly急切地，渴望地。根据前文“It was unbelievable”可知，Hyde觉得自己能得到婚纱很难以置信，此处是指她非常兴奋。故选B项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她的帖子发布后，Stulgis在Facebook上成立了一个名为“共享梦幻婚纱”的团体。A. sheltered躲避；B. promoted促进，提升；C. started开创，成立；D. collected收集。根据后文“a Facebook group called Shared Dream Dresses”可推知，Stulgis成立了这个组织。故选C项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Stulgis的新娘捐赠社区就是从这样一种给予的情感开始的。A. giving慷慨的，给予的；B. surprising令人吃惊的；C. refreshing使人精神振作的；D. moving令人感动的。根据前文Stulgis把自己的婚纱免费传递给其他有需要的新娘，然后成立专门的团体延续这份帮助他人的想法可推知，该捐赠团体是从给予的情感开始的。故选A项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望他们实现自己的婚纱梦想，而不用担心买一件。A. design设计；B. achieve实现；C. update更新；D. copy复制。根据后文“their dress dreams without worrying about buying one”可推知，Stulgis想让其他新娘实现婚纱梦想，而不用担心买一件。故选B项。
拓展突破练
1. (2023年全国.甲卷.阅读理解A篇) It’s the only Thai restaurant__________ ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它是唯一一家在世界50个最好的饭馆中排名前十的泰国饭馆。此句的先行词为Thai restaurant, 且被the only修饰，当定语从句的先行词被the only, the very修饰时，并在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词that。所以填that。
2. （2023年全国.甲卷.阅读理解A篇）Head Chef David Thompson, ____________ received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
【答案】who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：主厨David Thompson因其位于伦敦的同名泰国餐厅而获得米其林星级，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店。定语从句的先行词为David Thompson, 在非限制性定语从句中作主语，只能填who，所以填who。
3. (2023年全国.甲卷.阅读理解A篇) Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, ___________ you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action.
【答案】where
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：泰国的家提供了一扇通向厨房的窗户，从那里你可以看见主厨Gaggan和他的员工们在忙着。定语从句先行词为the kitchen，从句主谓宾结构完整，这里the kitchen在定语从句中做地点状语，所以填where。
4. (2023新课标全国II卷.阅读理解D篇) Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, ___________ helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.
【答案】which
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：为每种自然体验命名可以创造出一个可用的语言，它有助于帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。定语从句先行词为前面的句子,在定语从句中做主语，且此定语从句为非限制性定语从句，所以只能填which。
5. （2023新课标全国II卷. 阅读理解C篇）In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity __________ go beyond culture and time.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在艺术家对书籍和阅读的表现中，我们看到了超越文化和时间的共同人性时刻。先行词为moments，在定语从句中作主语，而且先行词指物，先行词并不特殊，所以可以用that或which。
6. （2023全国乙卷.阅读理解A篇）She moved to Virginia in 1865, ___________ she provided medical care to freed slaves.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在1865年，她搬到佛吉尼亚州，在那里她为获得自由的奴隶提供医疗服务。先行词为Virginia, 在定语从句中做地点状语，所以填where。
7. （2023全国乙卷.阅读理解D篇）The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of ____________ appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made
【答案】whom
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：加勒比海的塔伊诺人、澳大利亚原住民、贝尼的非洲人和印加人，他们都出现在这本书中，他们最有力地通过他们制造的物品，向我们展示他们过去的成就。先行词The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, 先行词指人，定语从句部分all of 后面只能用whom。因为定语从句中规定，当介词提前，先行词指人时，用关系代词which；而介词提前，先行词指物时，用关系代词whom。所以填whom。
8. （2023北京高考.语法填空）Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ___________ thousands were attending a water conference.
【答案】where
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。先行词为Chicago，在定语从句中做地点状语，所以填where。
9. (2023北京高考.阅读理解B篇) Professor Mary Devon, ___________ was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab
【答案】who
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：Mary Devon教授负责这个项目，她邀请我观察一下在她实验室里正在进行的工作。先行词为Professor Mary Devon,在定语从句中做主语，所以填who。
10. （2023新高考全国I卷.阅读理解B篇）A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks __________ tiny creatures lived.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一条污浊的小溪，在流经植物和微小生物栖息的岩石后，通常变得清澈。
先行词为rocks,在定语从句中做地点状语，指代on rocks, 所以填where。
答案第8页，共15页限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气：
01 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句用法
积累运用
一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开 与主句之间一般用逗号隔开
位置 放在所修饰的先行词后 as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句中或句尾
先行词 名词或名词性短语 名词、名词性短语或整个句子
引导词 所有的关系代词和关系副词 除that和why之外的关系代词和关系副词
功能 对先行词进行限定或修饰，去掉定语从句，剩余部分的意义不完整 对先行词作附加说明解释，去掉定语从句后，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整
翻译 常译成前置定语 常译成并列分句
例句：
The boy, whose father is an engineer, was admitted to a top university. (去掉非限制性定语从句，句意依然完整)
那个男孩被一所重点大学录取了，他的爸爸是一位工程师。
The boy whose father is an engineer was admitted to a top university. （去掉限制性定语从句，不清楚男孩的身份）
他爸爸是工程师的那个男孩被一所重点大学录取了。
She lost the necklace, which made her sad the whole day.
她丢失了那条项链，这让她沮丧了一整天。
The friend, whom we came across the other day, was also invited to the party.
那个朋友也被邀请参加了晚会，我们几天前遇到过他。
误区：
误区1： 只有which 可以引导非限制性定语从句。
纠正1： 除了that和why不可以引导非限制性定语从句，其他关系代词和关系副词均可引导非限制性定语从句。
例句：
My grandfather’s childhood was bitter, when he lived a hard life.
我祖父的童年是苦涩的，那时他过着艰难的生活。
This is an old house, where my grandfather lived in his childhood.
这是一座旧房子，我祖父曾经小时候在那里居住。
误区2： 介词位于关系代词前，只用于限制性定语从句。
纠正2： 介词位于关系代词前，既可以用于限制性定语从句，也可以用于非限制性定语从句。
例句：
The professor, from whom I have learnt a lot, is very popular in the school.
这位教授在学校很受欢迎，我从他那里学习了很多知识。
The garden in which a variety of flowers are planted attracts a great many visitors.
各样鲜花被种植的花园吸引了很多游客。
二. 引导非限制性定语从句时，关系代词as与关系代词which的异同
关系代词as 关系代词which
不同点 位置 位于句首，句中，句尾 位于主句后
翻译 “正如……” “这，那”
相同点 形式 需要用逗号
As we know, genuine knowledge comes from constant practice.
正如我们所知，真知来自于不断的实践。
He is such a generous person as we all admire.
他正如我们所钦佩的那样，是一位如此慷慨的人。
He was always careless, which made his parents anxious.
他总是粗心，这让他父母焦虑。
一.填入合适的关系词
1. He has published a lot of books, ______________brings him a sense of achievement.
2. Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem none of us worked out.
3. She has a brother name I can’t remember.
4. I have many collections of stamps, some of are my favorite.
5. The classroom， door is broken， will soon be repaired.
6． The last one leaves the classroom should close the windows.
7. He put aside his work to spend more time with his son, just returned from abroad.
8. I would like to express my thanks in a way he could never imagine.
9. The novel coronavirus has had such a deep effect on our life is totally beyond expectation.
10. Lora is the very teacher I like most, with help I have made progress in my study.
11. Tan Dun once said，Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as to be recognised by the whole world.
12. Autumn is the season for harvest, __________ farmers get what they have planted in spring.
13. They are planning to set up a new hospital, ___________more patients can be treated.
14. I bought all the food in the shop, much of was given out to the poor.
15. is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A
I was sitting at my desk when another graduate student in my lab approached me. “Can you help ” he begged. His experiment wasn’t working and he desperately needed help. I was a fifth year PhD student, the senior member of the lab at the time. As I had many times before, I gave in and said yes.
I had a hard time saying no to such requests. I was new to the United States for graduate school. I found it difficult to make new friends and discover after-work activities I enjoyed. So I spent a huge chunk of my time in the lab, with my labmates serving as my primary source of social connection. I feared that if I brushed them off, I’d lose their favor.
After I graduated and started a job in industry, I continued to carry the same attitude with me, and it continued to cost me. It wasn’t until my wife gave birth to our first child that I realized how thin I had stretched myself and how misguided my priorities (重要的事) were. While she lay in a hospital bed in the early stages of labor (分娩阵痛), I sat nearby, busy in correcting a work report on my laptop for my colleague. Hours later, after hearing my daughter’s first cry and watching her tiny fingers grab tightly onto mine, it dawned on me that I should have been fully present during my daughter’s birth.
From then on, I determined to spare more time for my family by reducing my work tasks and carefully considering each request for help. I still enjoyed cooperating with others, but I dealt with mutually (共同地) beneficial tasks first, rather than accepting everything that came my way.
I noticed many benefits, and few disadvantages. My daily work schedule was not so crowded. I no longer worked overtime, and I was able to improve my work performance by focusing more on important tasks. I was also pleased to discover that “Sorry, I’d love to help but I have a deadline coming up” is an acceptable response to a request for assistance. Most colleagues seem to understand.
It’s hard to say “no” to those you work with. But I’ve learned that sometimes that’s the best way to avoid too much workload and lead a freer and happier life.
1．Why was it hard for the author to refuse others’ requests in school
A．He was eager for good relations with others. B．He was interested in helping others.
C．He was fond of doing experiments. D．He was the most experienced student.
2．What did the author realize after his daughter’s birth
A．He felt very happy after his daughter’s birth.
B．His wife had sacrificed a lot for the family.
C．He should have balanced work and life better.
D．He should work harder due to the increased responsibilities.
3．What happened to the author after refusing others
A．He got along badly with his colleagues. B．He got a lot more vital tasks.
C．He received assistance from his colleagues. D．He got less work and more joy.
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．Enjoying family life. B．Giving priority to family.
C．Giving and taking. D．Learning to say “no”.
B
Artificial intelligence has become increasingly common in recent years, appearing in various apps and tools. ChatGPT is a chatbot developed by Open AI and designed to converse (对话) with people, generate text and answer complicated questions. The name ChatGPT stands for “Generative Pre-trained Transformer”, which indicates its ability to use pre-training models to examine the connections between all elements of a data sequence(序列), that is, using a model from one machine learning assignment to train another model, much similar to how people use previously learned information when learning something new. ChatGPT offers a substantial amount of text to use for pre-training.
ChatGPT was launched in November 2022, and the developer trained it to respond to follow-up questions, challenge incorrectness and admit mistakes. ChatGPT is also a generative AI tool that can create various types of content, including short stories, doctorate theses (论文), term papers, menus and more.
ChatGPT makes it easier and faster for bloggers or content creators to produce high-quality text. It can answer complicated questions conversationally, using innovative technology to learn what humans mean when asking questions. Many people are impressed with its human-like responses, making it an efficient tool for generating written content.
ChatGPT excels at language and information tasks. It has some restrictions built in that prevent it from providing toxic reactions that are against the right values. It’s also designed to ignore improper requests. While the program provided pretty decent responses to intellectual questions, it cannot provide definitive answers to spiritual questions. Its answers are not always accurate, as it is trained to give human-feeling responses rather than necessarily being correct.
Though AI tools can assist and enhance our abilities, we must avoid becoming too dependent on them, as this dependence can cost us our thinking abilities, critical skills and intellectual curiosity, which are vitally important for lifelong learning and growth. Thus, despite many advantages of ChatGPT, we must use it wisely to avoid losing crucial skills and cognitive abilities.
5．What is ChatGPT
A．An AI tool designed for text editing. B．A chatbot that can replace human brain.
C．A program generating human-like responses. D．A pre-trained model focused on language learning.
6．What does the underlined word “toxic” mean in paragraph 4
A．Beneficial. B．Complicated. C．Harmful. D．Precise.
7．What is the problem with ChatGPT
A．It cannot respond rapidly enough.
B．The inbuilt restrictions may misguide users.
C．It fails to provide convincing academic replies.
D．Overreliance on it may weaken some essential human abilities.
8．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A news report. B．A sci-tech magazine.
C．An academic paper. D．A research document.
二、完形填空
When she first looked for her wedding dress, Gwendolyn Stuglis had a budget or $1,000. After trying on several dresses, she was 9 a champagne-colored dress with long sleeves by the salesclerk. “I got 10 in my eyes because it was the dress I really wanted,” she admitted. The only 11 : it was triple her budget. After some encouragement from her mother-in-law, Stulgis 12 it. She explained, “Although I hadn’t enough money, that dress was 13 made for me.” She wore the gown with 14 when she became a Stulgis.
As most brides do, she hung her wedding dress in her closet when the 15 was over. Realizing the dress would be 16 if it continued to sit there, she decided to give it away. Stulgis turned to Facebook to search a 17 bride. In the post, there were two 18 : the bride must have their ceremony within three months and the dress must be 19 others. More than 70 messages 20 into Stulgis’ mailbox immediately. Margaret Hyde had planned on making her own dress before she saw Stulgis’ Facebook 21 . She told her sister-in-law, Alycia Ashley, that she wanted to enter but was 22 . So, Ashley secretly emailed Stulgis, 23 Hyde as the most selfless person she knew.
Stulgis was moved by Ashley’s 24 . On June 4, Hyde was told she was chosen. “It was unbelievable,” she said 25 . Hyde promised to follow the traveling dress requests. After her post, Stulgis 26 a Facebook group called Shared Dream Dresses. Since June, 200 dresses have been given away. Stulgis’ community of bridal donations started with such a 27 emotion. She shared, “I want people to feel like they are worth something. I want them to 28 their dress dreams without worrying about buying one. A dressing shouldn’t be kept in the closet.”
9．A．shown B．donated C．awarded D．reminded
10．A．lights B．tears C．fears D．troubles
11．A．price B．drawback C．catch D．decision
12．A．accepted B．offered C．purchased D．abandoned
13．A．seriously B．fortunately C．doubtfully D．completely
14．A．expectation B．dignity C．admiration D．pride
15．A．reception B．trade C．ceremony D．bargain
16．A．stored B．wasted C．ignored D．treasured
17．A．charming B．suitable C．selfless D．kind
18．A．requests B．levels C．plans D．solutions
19．A．passed onto B．helped out C．devoted to D．handed over to
20．A．gathered B．happened C．flooded D．swelled
21．A．account B．application C．comment D．post
22．A．busy B．confident C．outgoing D．hesitant
23．A．describing B．treating C．impressing D．directing
24．A．response B．dream C．reaction D．message
25．A．secretly B．excitedly C．desperately D．eagerly
26．A．sheltered B．promoted C．started D．collected
27．A．giving B．surprising C．refreshing D．moving
28．A．design B．achieve C．update D．copy
拓展突破练
1. (2023年全国.甲卷.阅读理解A篇) It’s the only Thai restaurant__________ ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list.
2. （2023年全国.甲卷.阅读理解A篇）Head Chef David Thompson, ____________ received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
3. (2023年全国.甲卷.阅读理解A篇) Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, ___________ you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action.
4. (2023新课标全国II卷.阅读理解D篇) Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, ___________ helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.
5. （2023新课标全国II卷. 阅读理解C篇）In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity __________ go beyond culture and time.
6. （2023全国乙卷.阅读理解A篇）She moved to Virginia in 1865, ___________ she provided medical care to freed slaves.
7. （2023全国乙卷.阅读理解D篇）The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of ____________ appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made
8. （2023北京高考.语法填空）Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ___________ thousands were attending a water conference.
9. (2023北京高考.阅读理解B篇) Professor Mary Devon, ___________ was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab
10. （2023新高考全国I卷.阅读理解B篇）A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks __________ tiny creatures lived.
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