2024年高三英语题型专练复习-阅读理解（含解析）

2024年高三英语题型专练复习-阅读理解
（2022·河南开封 · 一模）Liu Yexi has taken Douyin by storm. As of Nov. 17, the virtual idol, who appeared on the social media platform on Oct. 31, had only released two short videos but attracted over 5 million followers. Different from other virtual idols, Liu is defined as a “virtual beauty vlogger”. In her first video, Liu is doing makeup with an eye brush while dressed in a traditional Chinese costume. When she turns around, the onlookers are terrified, except one boy. Then Liu slightly brushes the boys eyes, allowing him to
see the fantasy world in her own eyes.
The internet users were impressed by its storyline, science-fiction elements and special visual effects with cyberpunk style. Liang Zikang, the CEO of the production team, told China Newsweek that the team
spent two months making the video.
Lius instant popularity online further reflects that the virtual idol industry in China has been booming. There are over 32,400 virtual idols that have opened accounts on video-sharing platform Bilibili in the past
year, seeing a year-on-year rise of 40 percent, Chen Rui, the CEO of Bilibili, said in a speech.
“Compared with real idols and stars, the virtual ones seem to be more approachable for fans,” Shine
News noted. Additionally, these virtual web celebrities won't have scandals.
As more young people are fascinated by these virtual figures, their commercial value has been on the rise. Generally, they earn money by endorsements (代言), online concerts, livestreaming and related products. For example, Luo Tianyi, a well-known virtual singer, cooperated with livestreamer Li Jiaqi to promote
goods in 2020.
Therefore, some people are wondering whether they will replace real humans. “These so-called virtual idols have real human teams to back them up and control them. They are not really virtual,” Ding Daoshi, an independent analyst in the internet sector, told the Global Times. The real virtual idol will come when artificial intelligence achieves a new level of self-learning and self-training and then interacts with others, he
added.
1 ．Which of the following contributes to the popularity of Liu Yexis video
A ．The video involves sci-fi elements.
B ．The video features funny visual effects.
C ．The video teaches useful makeup skills.
D ．The video tells a traditional Chinese story.
2 ．Which is an advantage virtual idols have over real idols
A ．They can attract more followers.
B ．They have higher commercial value.
C ．They can be approached more easily.
D ．They are equipped with better talents.
3 ．What do we know about the current virtual idols according to Ding
A ．They can interact with each other.
B ．They will replace human idols soon.
C ．They are dependent on human teams.
D ．They can learn and train by themselves.
4 ．Which is the best title for the text
A ．Virtual idols are sweeping the Internet.
B ．People raise concern about virtual idols.
C ．AI technology has made a new breakthrough.
D ．Social media platforms are gaining popularity.
（2022·广东 · 深圳中学模拟预测）Do you enjoy reading Here readers of your age from all over the
United States recommend great books for you to read:
My favorite book is Don’t Die, My Love by Lurlene McDaniel. I love all her books, but this was the first one I read and I have to say, it is by far my favorite. It doesn’t end like other books, and I cried while
reading.
I think Nancy Drew is great! Nancy is a detective who has many fantastic ideas! I love it because it’s a
book from when my grandma was my age, and I can share the fun with her!
I highly recommend Skinny Bones by Barbara Park. It is funny, so please add it on your book list. You
don’t want to miss out funny stories!
I would suggest Growing Trouble by Judy Blume. It is based on real things that happened to Judy Blume. It is about a girl, Alice, who meets some girls at a new state. They become friends, make a club and meet once a week. They stop after two weeks because they all like a boy in their class and put him as number
one. I think every girl should read this because it is about our growing up.
I read a book called Neela: Victory Song and it was so good that I read it twice! It takes place in India
in 1936 and this 12-yearold girl named Neelatries to save her father! It has lots of history in it! I also learned
a lot about different cultures! The author’s name is Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni.
5 ．According to the reader, Skinny Bones can be described as a story.
A ．sad B ．history
C ．funny D ．detective
6 ．From which book can we learn different cultures
A ．Skinny Bones. B．Nancy Drew.
C．Don’t Die,My Love. D．Neela: Victory Song.
7 ．Which is TRUE about Nancy Drew
A ．Both the reader and the reader’s grandma love this book.
B ．It’s based on real things that happened to the author.
C ．It’s about a 12yearold girl who tries to save her father.
D ．It doesn’t have a common ending like other books.
8 ．This passage is mainly written for .
A ．parents B ．teachers
C ．writers D ．children
（2022·河北沧州 · 模拟预测）Search And Rescue(SAR)teams are often accompanied by man’s best friend, A rescue dog’s superior sense of smell can be critical to finding survivors among rubble(瓦砾)and
earthquake ruins. But now a new furry animal is joining the ranks of SAR, and it’s the rat.
Newsweek reports that rats are being trained to assist search and rescue teams after an earthquake hits. The rats are fitted with tiny backpacks equipped with microphones and are being sent through ruins to find
and come in contact with survivors.
These rescue rats are being trained by Dr. Donna Kean, a researcher from Glasgow, Scotland who has been working with rats for years. Kean originally was interested in primates(灵长类)but her fascination with
rats grew when she saw how quickly the small animals seemed to learn and how well they can be trained.
The rats first started their training in a small empty room and gradually moved on to increasingly complex situations until they came close to an actual collapsed building site. That’s where they find the
survivors and the potential to talk to the victims through the backpacks fitted to the rats.
Today, Kean is training 170 rats alongside nonprofit organization APOPO in Tanzania, East Africa for their project called HeroRATs. Their rats are not only being trained to search through the ruins, but also to find landmines(地雷)and even detect tuberculosis(结核病). APOPO’s studies found that their rats have sped
up the process for humans to help people in terrible situations.
According to Newsweek, the backpack is made by one of their employees in APOPO, a needlewoman and is made to hold a microphone as well as location trackers. The rats are the real heroes though. As Kean puts it, “they are so smart and they are so good at moving through all kinds of different environments.” “We have the potential to speak to victims through the microphone,” she continues, knowing these little rats are
on their way to making a big difference.
9 ．Why is a rescue dog mentioned at the beginning of the text
A ．To compare dogs with the rats. B ．To draw public attention to dogs.
C ．To introduce the potential of rats. D ．To indicate animals’ unique skills.
10 ．What inspired Kean to train rats for SAR teams
A ．The danger of rescue. B ．The rat’s intelligence.
C ．The interest in primates. D ．The teamwork with APOPO.
11 ．What can we learn from the HeroRATs project
A ．Rats are brave to face a real-life disaster.
B ．Rats can be easily trained to find survivors.
C ．Rats are often sent to work in disaster areas.
D ．Rats can probably help people in various ways.
12 ．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A ．Rats are perfect for SAR work. B ．The microphone is a key facility.
C ．The backpack is a hand-made tool. D ．Rats are to replace other rescue animals.
（2022·湖北· 恩施市第一中学模拟预测）Back in the day, people called putting up wallpaper together the ultimate test for one’s patience, but this isn’t as relevant anymore nowadays as it was then. Want to see someone’s deepest, darkest self Watch them try to work with a bad and slow Internet connection. Everyone who spends every day working on a computer knows how frustrating slow Internet can be. In fact, there’s a very cheap way to boost your WiFi signal if it could do with an improvement. All you need is an empty,
clean can, a knife, and a pair of scissors.
Make sure the can you’reusing is dry and clean. Take off the can tab (拉环) and cut the bottom off. Then start cutting off the top, but don’t cut it all the way, making sure to leave around half an inch of the can attaching the top to the rest of the can. At this point, you can turn the can up side down; the former top will now serve as the can’s base. Cut the can along the side so you can open it up completely. Be careful when
doing this- the edges of the can are sharp. Consider wearing gloves to avoid cutting yourself.
If your router (路由器) has an antenna (天线), you should let the antenna be able to go through the drinking hole at the bottom of the base. If your router has no antenna, make sure that the can is behind the
router, and that the router’s front is facing in the direction toward which you want to boost the signal.
While the boost to your Wi-Fi may be fairly minimal, you will still notice a change in your Internet speed or consistency. However, this is unlikely to work if your target item is more than a few feet outside of
your router’s Wi-Fi range.
13 ．What do putting up wallpaper and working with slow Internet have in common
A ．Both are difficult to improve. B ．Both can test one’s patience.
C ．Both cost a lot of money. D ．Both build relationship.
14 ．Which part of a can is used as the new base of the can booster
A ．The side. B ．The edge. C ．The bottom. D ．The top.
15 ．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3
A ．We have different kinds of routers. B ．The theory of can boosters is simple.
C ．Methods of setting can boosters vary. D ．Router with an antenna is more powerful.
16 ．What is the disadvantage when we use the can to boost the signal
A ．The edges of the can are dangerous. B ．The boost is too small to be noticed.
C ．The router’s Wi-Fi has a narrow range. D ．The can can’t be opened up completely.
（2022·湖南 · 益阳市教育科学研究院模拟预测） In an era when many parents make efforts to ensure that boys and girls have equal opportunities, a recent study found that boys are paid twice as much allowance
(零花钱) as girls for doing weekly chores.
An analysis of 10,000 families across the US showed that boys earned an average of $13.80 (92 yuan) each week compared with $6.71 earned by girls, according to BusyKid, a web platform that allows kids to
receive, spend, or invest their allowance.
“I think this is a wake-up call for parents to realize what they are paying, to make sure they are being as
fair as possible,” said Gregg Murset, CEO of BusyKid.
According to the analysis, boys averaged more allowance than girls because they were more often assigned chores considered more physically difficult, including cutting the grass. Girls, meanwhile, were more often paid for jobs such as loading the dishwasher. Boys also earned more money because they were
paid for things girls were not paid for at all, including showering and brushing their teeth.
In Illinois, Vaishali Patel tries hard to teach her two children that gender shouldn’t determine what chores they are assigned or what activities they choose. The parents don’t pay their children an allowance,
and instead expect them to help with all jobs around the house.
But Patel said the children still pickup on old-fashioned gender stereotypes (刻板印象) from elsewhere,
like when they tell their son to try dance classes in addition to the sports he plays.
“He’s like, ‘No way am I doing that’,” said Patel. “Some of that is really hard to influence.”
Barbara Risman, a professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago, said that while Americans have come a long way in terms of offering more equal opportunities for men and women, changing mindsets (心
态) forever takes even more time.
17 ．According to the analysis, how much do girls earn on average every day in the US
A．＄6.71. B．＄0.96. C．＄13.80. D．＄1.97.
18 ．What is one of the reasons boys earn more allowance than girls
A ．They do less work.
B ．They have no gender stereotypes.
C ．Most people think their task takes little effort.
D ．They can do more physically difficult chores.
19 ．From Barbara Risman’s idea, how can women and men be offered equal opportunities
A ．Changing mindsets all the time.
B ．Updating attitudes over a short time.
C ．Breaking old-fashioned gender stereotypes.
D ．Providing different chances for different genders.
20 ．What is the main idea of this passage
A ．Paying equally.
B ．The ways to get more allowance.
C ．Differences between two different genders.
D ．Boys should have more allowance than girls.
（2022·湖南郴州 · 一模 ）A child’s tooth discovered from a French cave has revealed the earliest evidence of humans—Homo sapiens (智人)—living in western Europe. The discovery of the molar from Grotte Mandrin in southern France, along with hundreds of stone tools dating back about 54.000 years ago, suggests that early humans lived in Europe about 10.000 years earlier than archaeologists had previously
thought.
What’s more, the Homo sapiens’ tooth was sandwiched between layers of Neanderthal remains, showing that the two groups of humans coexisted in the region. These findings challenge the opinion that the arrival of Homo sapiens in Europe caused the extinction of Neanderthals, who lived in Europe and parts of
Asia for about 300,000 years before disappearing.
“We’ve often thought that the arrival of modern humans in Europe led to the pretty rapid death of Neanderthals, but this new evidence suggests that both the appearance of modern humans in Europe and disappearance of Neanderthals is much more complex than that,” said study coauthor Chris stringer, a
professor and research leader in human evolution at the Natural History Museum in London.
It’s the first time archaeologists have found evidence of alternating (交替) groups of Homo sapiens and
Neanderthals living in the same place, and they took turns rapidly, even abruptly, at least twice, according to
the study that published in the journal science Advances on Wednesday. Previously, the arrival of early humans in Europe was dated to between 43,000 and 45,000 years ago, according to remains found in Italy and Bulgaria—not long before the last surviving Neanderthal remains dating back 40,000 to 42,000 years ago were found. Humans and Neanderthals, who we know from genetic analysis encountered one another and had babies, resulting in Neanderthal traces in our DNA, overlapped (重叠) for a much longer period in
Europe, this study suggests.
21 ．What does the underlined word “molar” mean
A ．Cave. B ．Tooth. C ．stone. D ．Human.
22 ．What’s the previous opinion about Neanderthals
A ．Neanderthals could date back to 300,000 years ago.
B ．Neanderthals once lived in Europe and Africa.
C ．Homo sapiens and Neanderthals once lived together.
D ．Homo sapiens led to the disappearance of Neanderthals.
23 ．What can be inferred from Chris stringer’s words
A ．People should analyze the loss of Neanderthals carefully.
B ．Modern humans in Europe led to the death of Neanderthals.
C ．Homo sapiens in Europe made Neanderthals extinct.
D ．The new evidence shows the process of human evolution.
24 ．What can we learn about Homo sapiens and Neanderthals from the last paragraph
A ．They lived in the same place at the same time.
B ．They treated each other as the enemies.
C ．They had some sort of complicated relations.
D ．They lived in Italy and Bulgaria 40,000 to 42,000 years ago.
（2022·江苏苏州 · 二模）Nowadays, bamboo growth cycles and the dietary needs of lemurs (狐猴) are out of sync. Findings show rainfalls are changing annually. Over the past two years, there has been a three- month delay in the rainy season and new tender shoots that lemurs consume for nutrition are appearing in January and February—14 days after the first rainfall, says Patricia Chapple Wright, a primatologist,
anthropologist, and conservationist at Stony Brook University. “Lemurs eat a food source that is very
adaptive,” Patricia Wright told PBS NewsHour. “It’s able to stand climate change, but the lemurs,
unfortunately, can’t adapt quickly to this changed cycle.”
Since baby lemurs are born in November, the delayed rainy season is dangerously affecting the survival of them for lack of nutrition available for both the mothers and offspring. “This is why, for extreme feeding specialists like the greater bamboo lemur, climate change can be an unknowing killer,” Wright says. “Making the lemurs rely on bamboo stems(茎) for just a bit longer maybe enough to tip the balance from existence to extinction.” The lemurs’ highly specialized teeth are also similar to the pandas’ teeth. Both are the mammals able to chew up stems. But this diet can’t last for more than a season or two because the stems can wear away
their teeth.
The researchers believe that climate change is affecting the lemurs. The fossil record shows that the lemurs once lived throughout the island. Today, the mammals are cornered on the eastern side, where the dry season at present is the shortest. And if people continue the deforestation practice in the area, the lemurs will
have nowhere to go.
The situation is serious, so Wright and her colleagues plan to create bamboo corridors within the rainforests, which will provide available bamboo to eat. They want to work with local villagers to plant more bamboo and manage automatic watering systems when dry seasons last long. They also want to build the local economy by allowing people to harvest a part of bamboo while the rest remains with the lemurs, so people will be interested. Wright’s conservation plans include moving lemurs back to other places on the
island as well.
25 ．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 most probably mean
A ．Go with each other. B ．Occur at different times.
C ．Lead to a heated discussion. D ．Call for effective protection.
26 ．Why will lemurs get hungry if the dry season continues
A ．They may run out of bamboo.
B ．They can’t adapt to the hot season.
C ．They dislike the less delicious stems.
D ．They can’t chew the stems for a long period.
27 ．What mainly caused the living area of lemurs to narrow
A ．The climate change. B ．Their teeth protection.
C ．The decreasing forest. D ．Their special dietary habits.
28 ．Which of the following may Wright approve of to protect lemurs
A ．Shortening the dry season.
B ．Forbidding the cutting of bamboo.
C ．Strengthening people’s motivation.
D ．Finding other islands for lemurs to live on.
（2022·江苏 · 一模）One of the interesting things about China is that they love lists. There are sorts of things through Chinese history that are in list form, such as the Four Great Beauties the Seven Warring States,
and the Three Kingdoms. It should come as no surprise that there is such a thing as the Four Great Inventions.
There are literally hundreds of inventions that were originally invented in China before they were introduced anywhere else. However, the Four Great Inventions in particular stands out as having greatly
changed not just Chinese civilization, but the entire world.
However, what makes the Four Great Inventions such an odd list for China is that the list was created by someone British.The Four Great Inventions was actually invented by British historian and sinologist Joseph Needham. He spent much of his life travelling in China, collecting and documenting examples of Chinese inventions and technology. He published his first book on Chinese culture in 1954 where he listed
many Chinese inventions which were originally thought to be European inventions.
In the 16* century, there was a version floating around called the Three Great Inventions which contributed to the greatness of Europe, or more specifically sometimes Germany. It might have been created
by English philosopher Francis Bacon: the printing press, gunpowder, and the compass.
As explorers began more frequently visiting China, they realized that all of those great inventions had been around in China for centuries before they appeared in Europe.So, as part of his work and setting the record straight, Needham created the Four Great Inventions of China, a list that has subsequently gained
widespread approval from scholars in China itself.
The four great inventions are the three listed before: the printing press, gunpowder, the compass, and
the other being paper-making.
29 ．What does paragraph 1 serve as
A ．A plot. B ．A lead-in.
C ．A clue. D ．A conclusion.
30 ．What does the underlined word “sinologist” probably mean
A ．An expert studying Chinese culture.
B ．A publisher trying to sell books.
C ．An explorer searching for treasures.
D ．A businessman trading with the Chinese.
31 ．What can we infer from the passage
A ．Joseph Needham published books to list Chinese landscapes.
B ．Francis Bacon was the first to create the Four Great Inventions.
C ．The Four Great Inventions changed Europe, especially Germany.
D ．Ancient China contributed to scientific development worldwide.
32 ．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A ．Who really comes up with the Four Great Inventions
B ．How do the Four Great Inventions change the world
C ．What makes the Four Great Inventions well accepted
D ．Why are the Four Great Inventions important to Europe
（2022·江苏南京 ·模拟预测） Being highly connected to a strong social network has its benefits. Now a new study is showing the same goes for trees, thanks to their underground neighbors. The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal (真菌) networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the importance of fungal networks to older trees — which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like
capturing carbon.
“Large trees make up the main part of the forest, so they drive what the forest is doing,” said researcher Joseph Birch, who led the study. When they live in the forest soil, fungal networks act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps
nutrients flow to resource-limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.
Cores taken from 350 Douglas firs (花旗松) showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the
extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had
only a few connections. The research also showed that trees with more connections to many unique fungi had much greater growth than those with only one or two connections. “If you have this network that is helping trees grow faster, that helps capture more carbon year after year. These networks may help trees grow more steadily even as conditions become more stressful, and could even help protect them against death.”
said Birch.
Birch hopes his findings lead to further studies in different kinds of forests in other geographical areas, because it’s likely that the connections among trees change from year to year. He said, “Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could inform how we reforest areas after
harvesting them, and inform how we plant trees to preserve these networks.”
33 ．In what way do the new findings differ from the previous ones
A ．They reveal the value of fungal networks to adult trees.
B ．They clarify misunderstandings of fungal networks.
C ．They demonstrate a new way to capture carbon.
D ．They confirm the benefits of fungal networks.
34 ．How do fungal networks help trees
A ．By acting as the center of family units.
B ．By maintaining the balance of resources.
C ．By fighting against diseases.
D ．By bettering forest soil conditions.
35 ．What does the underlined “those” refer to in Paragraph 3
A ．Tree rings.
B ．Cores from Douglas firs.
C ．Douglas firs.
D ．Fungal networks.
36 ．What can be inferred from what Joseph Birch has put
A ．The fungal networks support one another in times of stress.
B ．The fungal networks enable us to know more about reforestation.
C ．The findings can apply to different kinds of forests in other geographical areas.
D ．The fungal networks will help trees grow more steadily if conditions become more stressful.
（2022·广东 · 肇庆市第一中学一模）There are several items that most women would consider to be daily essentials that they need to have in their purses at all times. Few would consider a pair of scissors to be among these items. But for Shi Qinling, this tool has been with her everywhere she goes for the past decade— not as a means of self-protection but artistic expression.“Paper-cutting is not about cutting random patterns
from paper. Writers tell stories using words, I do the same,but with a pair of scissors,”Shi said.
Shi developed an interest in handicraft (手工艺)when she was a child who often found herself alone at home. Out of boredom, she would play with paper, folding and cutting them into different shapes. This interest later developed into a passion, one that she decided to pursue by majoring in arts and design during her time in university. After graduation, however, she found herself working at a ship design company as she was unsure about what she wanted to do with her future. About a year later, the Shanghai Arts and Crafts Research Institute offered her a position in their paper-cutting department. Realizing that she still had a love
for the handicraft, she made the career switch.
In 2010, Shi started learning paper-cutting from Xi Xiaoqin, an expert of paper-cutting. Three years later, one of her works, The Fighting Fish, won the third place in a national competition. Six years later,Shi was named a Shanghai paper-cutting inheritor( 继承人)and became the city’s“youngest inheritor” of the paper-cutting heritage. Over the past decade, Shi’s works have been exhibited in 23 exhibitions. Although Shi is already so skilled that she can create an animal pattern in 10 minutes, she continues to practice her skills every day. The reason is that she views paper-cutting as not just an art form, but also a form of learning about traditional Chinese culture. She thinks she has the responsibility to inherit this cultural treasure, and will make more efforts to attract people from different age groups and different fields to try paper-cutting.
37 ．What does paper-cutting mean to Shi Qinling
A ．A deep passion for the handicrafts.
B ．A tool that relieves her of boredom.
C ．Cutting random patterns from paper.
D ．An art form of learning Chinese culture.
38 ．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A ．How Shi Qinling got rid of the boredom.
B ．What Shi Qinling had done in university.
C ．How Shi Qinling started paper-cutting career.
D ．Why Shi Qinling resigned from her previous job.
39 ．Which of the following best describes Shi Qinling
A ．Creative and ambitious. B ．Selfless and determined.
C ．Talented and hardworking. D ．Determined and responsible.
40 ．Which can be the best title for the text
A ．Paper-cutting Inheritor Shapes a Sharp Career
B ．Paper-cutting Makes an Ordinary Artist Better
C ．A Means of Learning About Chinese Culture
D ．An Excellent Artist Shares Her Own Career Story
（2022·广东 · 华南师大附中一模）Do you remember the first stop-motion movie, with a galloping(飞 奔)horse Eadweard Muybridge made it in 1872, and the funny thing is—the first stop-motion movie was made because of a bet. The question was: do all four of the horse’s hooves (蹄)leave the ground at the same time at any point of the gallop And Leland Stanford, the founder of the Stanford University, hired Muybridge
to help him settle the bet.
Stanford claimed that, at some point of the gallop, all four of the horse’s hooves are in the air. Some of his colleagues took a common stand that one foot is always on the ground. It was a popularly debated question
of the time, and it was Muybridge’s task to provide the answer using his photographic knowledge.
Now, you can imagine that cameras in 1872 couldn’t really capture the things moving quickly. Movie cameras still didn’t exist, so it was out of the question. So, Muybridge had to get creative. He experimented with a set of 12 cameras. He used them to photograph a galloping horse in a series of shots. His initial efforts
seemed to prove that Stanford was right, but he still didn’t have the process perfected.
In 1878, Muybridge raised his creativity and skill on a new level. He set twelve wired triggers (触发器) connected to shutters (快门) for cameras. He placed them evenly along the race track to capture the galloping horse. As the horse galloped the race track, it set off the triggers and made every camera take a photo with
less than half a second difference.
The photos showed that Leland Stanford was right, and obviously, he won the bet. But this invention
was a winning situation for all of us. Muybridge later invented a zoopraxiscope, which was a bit like the GIFs
that people now post on social media and is considered an early device for displaying motion pictures. Thanks
to photography and his invention, the cinema was born.
41 ．Which of the following words best describes the invention of the first stop-motion movie
A ．Difficult. B ．Unexpected.
C ．Serious. D ．Interesting.
42 ．Why did Muybridge have to be creative
A ．Because he was lacking in devices.
B ．Because he was afraid of failure.
C ．Because he was short of experience.
D ．Because he was interested in experiment.
43 ．What can we know about Muybridge’s experiment
A ．Twelve horses galloped at the same time.
B ．Muybridge invented GIF in the experiment.
C ．One camera was used to take photos in the first attempt.
D ．The triggers were set off by the horse in the second attempt.
44 ．What is the best title for the article
A ．A special history of cinema. B ．A popular study about horses.
C ．A bet inspired the birth of cinema. D ．A question led to great experiments.
（2022·广东 · 惠州一中模拟预测）Dreams, according to Carl Jung, reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness. In Jungian philosophy, the conflict and chaos experienced in dreams finally bring order to our lives. While Jung’s mystical theories are debatable, he was not mistaken about the importance of dreaming. A growing number of reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging
our waking hours in many ways.
This trend is causing damage to our immune and metabolic ( 新 陈代谢 的) systems, let alone the electronic products that keep us up late at night are ruining our sleep patterns, which has long-term consequences on our memory system. One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the stage in which we dream, the mice couldn’t strengthen memories.
You might think this is just a sleep problem, but dreaming is inseparable from our nighttime rest. We
sleep in cycles (周期), each lasting about 90 minutes; in a sleep cycle, we go through non-REM sleep before hitting REM. As the night progresses, REM sleep periods increase in length while deep sleep (one of the stages of non-REM sleep) decreases. The longer we sleep, the more time we spend in REM, which is why we are often dreaming when waking up in the morning. If we sleepless than seven hours, however, it becomes
harder to achieve this level of REM.
The combination of sleeping and dreaming acts as an emotional stabilizer. We recover from emotional hurt faster when we sleep and dream properly. However, we’re not getting enough sleep to cycle through the stages to take advantage of this natural circadian anti-depressant ( 抗抑郁剂)—dreams. Instead, we get depressed and turn to alcohol or medicines to get to sleep, which only makes things worse because even one
drink leads to late REM while anti-depressants promote deep sleep at the expense of REM.
We’re paying for this lack of dreaming in many ways. For example, a 2021 study stated that compared with quiet rest and non-REM sleep, REM promoted the formation of associative networks and the integration (整合) of unassociated information. Volunteers that experienced more REM sleep were better equipped for
solving problems requiring creative solutions.
Rowan Hooper, the managing editor at New Scientist, writes that dreams that include an “emotional core” appear to be a main function of REM sleep and that we should look at sleep patterns as seriously as we do
diet and exercise habits.
45 ．What’s Carl Jung’s view about dreams
A ．They cause chaos. B ．They damage immunity.
C ．They reveal secrets. D ．They mirror reality.
46 ．Why is the sleep process explained in paragraph 3
A ．To show a dream mainly occurs during REM sleep.
B ．To prove the minimum sleep time should be seven hours.
C ．To prove dream problems and sleep problems are attached.
D ．To show people often dream when waking up in the morning.
47 ．What conclusion can be inferred from paragraph 5
A ．Dreaming promotes creativity.
B ．Dreaming helps fight depression.
C ．The brain still receives new information during REM sleep.
D ．The brain is paying the price for having more non-REM sleep.
48 ．What’s the main idea of the passage
A ．The importance of sleep lies in dreams.
B ．The absence of dreams is terrible for us.
C ．Dreaming patterns are more important than we realize.
D ．Dreaming has mystical power of strengthening memories.
（2022·广东广州 ·三模） Jason, a straight-A student from the University of Pennsylvania, uses the term “pseudo-working” to describe how many of us study. The pseudo-worker looks and feels like someone who is working hard — he or she spends a long time in the library and is not afraid to push on late into the night
— but, because of a lack of focus and concentration, he or she’s doesn’t actually accomplish much.
This phenomenon can be seen on most college campuses. For example, at Dartmouth there was a section of the main library that was open twenty-four hours a day, and the students I used to see there late at night crowded in groups, drinking coffee, were definitely pseudo-working. The roommate who flips through her
chemistry notes on the couch while watching TV is pseudo-working.
By placing themselves in distracting environments and insisting on working long hours, these students are damaging their brain’s ability to think clearly and efficiently accomplish the task at hand. In the end they
get half the results with twice the effort.
The bigger problem here is that most students don’t even realize that they’re pseudo-working. To them pseudo-working is work — it’s how they’ve always done it, and it’s how all of their friends do it. It never crosses their mind that there might be a better way. Straight-A students, on the other hand, know all about
pseudo-working. They fear it. It not only wastes time, but it’s also mentally tiring.
In fact, the most important skill in becoming a straight-A student is the ability to get work done quickly and with a minimum of wasted effort. Some cognitive science research concludes that about fifty minutes is the optimal learning period to maximize the material integrated per time unit. So how do these students achieve this goal To understand their secret to success, consider the following simple formula (公式): work
accomplished = time spent × intensity of focus
Pseudo-working features a very low intensity of focus. Therefore, to accomplish something by pseudo-
working, you need to spend a lot of time. The straight-A approach on the other hand, increases intensity in
order to use less time.
49 ．Which of the following phenomenon is pseudo-working
A ．Tom is busy taking notes while attending a lecture.
B ．Mike is sitting at a study lounge in preparation for a final exam quietly.
C ．Jack spends a long time in the library on his essay while listening to music.
D ．Alice and Sara are sitting on the couch reading their favorite books.
50 ．Compared with straight-A students, the major problem of most students is that they .
A ．want to spend more time on study B ．are eager to follow their friends’ way C ．have got used to their study approach D ．are unaware of their pseudo-working
51 ．What does the underlined word “optimal” mean in paragraph 5
A ．Possible. B ．Best. C ．Least. D ．Accurate.
52 ．What does the author want to stress by mentioning the formula
A ．The length of time on study counts.
B ．Concentration plays a key role in study.
C ．Getting work done quickly means everything.
D ．Effective study approach is very important.
（2022·广东 · 珠海市第一中学模拟预测）Noise created by humans, such as car traffic, quieted by about 30% between late March and early May, 2020, when Governor Greg Abbott closed schools and
restaurants across Texas, according to analysis by researchers at Southern Methodist University (SMU).
“There was quite a big change in some areas,” said Stephen Arrowsmith, a seismologist at SMU, who took on the project with a class of undergraduate and graduate students. Arrowsmith and his students looked at data from a dozen seismometers( 地 震 仪 )across North Texas. Seismometers are used to detect earthquakes, but they are sensitive to just about everything that makes the ground vibrate, such as strong
winds, ocean waves, construction and traffic.
The idea of using seismometers to track urban noise gained popularity last March when Belgian seismologist Thomas Lecocq posted some of his urban noise data from Brussels on Twitter. Lecocq, of the Royal Observatory of Belgium, received such an enthusiastic response from scientists that he launched the
group “Lockdown Seismology” online. “It’s where bored seismologists around the world are working
together,” Arrowsmith joked.
Arrowsmith hopes his findings will contribute to a growing list of creative ways in which researchers are using seismometers. In his course, Arrowsmith teaches students how seismic stations can help investigators solve crimes, like terrorist bombings, aid scientists in tracking nuclear tests or assist inspectors in investigating accidents, like chemical plant explosions. One potential application of his research is to better understand the shallow layers of Earth beneath cities. “That could be useful in places where there’s a real seismic hazard(风险), like San Francisco or Los Angeles,” he said, “where just knowing what that shallow
structure is tells you a lot about how it would respond in a big earthquake.”
53 ．How do the researchers obtain the data of noise in Texas
A ．By observing car traffic. B ．By surveying their students.
C ．By consulting the governor. D ．By employing Seismometers.
54 ．What does the underlined word “vibrate” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A ．Break B ．Freeze
C ．Shake D ．Dry
55 ．What is a direct result of Lecocq’s posting some of his urban noise data
A ．Seismologists are attracted. B ．Earthquake detection is improved.
C ．Urban noise is reduced. D ．Crime investigation is simplified.
56 ．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the seismometer
A ．Its possible risks. B ．Its potential applications.
C ．Its appeal to the public. D ．Its market value.
参考答案：
1 ．A 2 ．C 3 ．C 4 ．A
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。虚拟偶像柳夜熙凭借其视频的故事情节、科幻元素和赛博朋克风格 的特殊视觉效果而在网上的迅速走红，反映了中国虚拟偶像行业的蓬勃发展，文章同时剖析了其中
的原因，效应以及未来的发展趋势。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The internet users were impressed by its storyline, science-fiction elements and
special visual effects with cyberpunk style. (网友们对其故事情节、科幻元素和赛博朋克风格的特殊视
觉效果印象深刻。)”，第三段“Lius instant popularity online further reflects that the virtual idol industry in China has been booming. (柳在网上的迅速走红进一步反映了中国虚拟偶像行业的蓬勃发展。)”可知，
虚拟偶像柳夜熙的视频中的科幻元素，有助于视频的流行。故选 A 项。
2 ．细节理解题 。根据第 四段 “‘Compared with real idols and stars, the virtual ones seem to be more approachable for fans,’ Shine News noted. (‘与真实的偶像和明星相比， 虚拟的偶像和明星对粉丝来说
似乎更平易近人。 ’Shine News 指出。 )”可知，虚拟偶像比真实的偶像更容易接近。故选 C 项。
3 ．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“‘These so-called virtual idols have real human teams to back them up and control them. They are not really virtual,’ Ding Daoshi, an independent analyst in the internet sector, told the Global Times. (‘这些所谓的虚拟偶像有真实的人类团队来支持和控制他们。它们并不是真正的虚 拟， ’互联网领域的独立分析师丁道石告诉《环球时报》。)”可知， 根据丁道石的话可知， 目前的虚拟
偶像其背后有真实的人类团体支持，因此他们的存在依赖于人类团体。故选 C 项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文， 文章以柳夜熙为例， 他凭借其视频的故事情节、科幻元素和赛博朋克风 格的特殊视觉效果而在网上的迅速走红，反映了中国虚拟偶像行业的蓬勃发展，文章同时剖析了其 中的原因， 效应以及未来的发展趋势。Virtual idols are sweeping the Internet.适合当本章标题。故选 A
项。
5 ．C 6 ．D 7 ．A 8 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是美国的读者推荐的一些好书。
5 ．细节理解题。根据第四段的“It is funny, so please add it on your book list.(它很有趣， 所以请把它加
到你的书单上。 )”可知，在读者看来， Skinny Bones 可以被描述为有趣的故事，故选 C。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“I also learned a lot about different cultures!(我还学到了很多不同的文
化！ )”可知，从 Neela: Victory Song 这本书里我们可以学到不同的文化，故选 D。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段的“I love it because it’s a book from when my grandma was my age, and I can share the fun with her!(我喜欢它， 因为它是我奶奶在我这个年纪的时候的一本书， 我可以和她分享乐
趣！ )”可知，读者和他/她奶奶都喜欢这本书，故选 A。
8 ．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Do you enjoy reading Here readers of your age from all over the United States recommend great books for you to read(你喜欢读书吗？在这里，来自美国各地与你同龄的读者 为你推荐了一些好书)”和第二段的“this was the first one I read(这是我读的第一本)”以及推荐人对故事
的描述可知，本文共推荐了 5 本书，而且这 5 本书的内容是写给孩子们的故事，因此推断读者是儿
童，所以这篇文章目的是为儿童推荐图书，是写个孩子们的。故选 D。
9 ．C 10 ．B 11 ．D 12 ．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了老鼠正在被用于搜救救援中。
9 ．推理判断题 。根据第一段 “Search And Rescue(SAR)teams are often accompanied by man's best friend, A rescue dog's superior sense of smell can be critical to finding survivors among rubble(瓦砾)and earthquake ruins. But now a new furry animal is joining the ranks of SAR, and it’s the rat.” （搜救队通常有 人类最好的朋友陪伴，搜救犬的超强嗅觉对于在废墟和地震废墟中寻找幸存者至关重要。但现在， 一种新的毛茸茸的动物加入了 SAR 的行列，它就是老鼠。） 以及下文对老鼠潜能的介绍判断出，短
文开头提到了一只救援犬是为了介绍老鼠的潜能。故选 C 项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Kean originally was interested in primates(灵长类)but her fascination with rats grew when she saw how quickly the small animals seemed to learn and how well they can be trained.” （基恩最初对灵长类动物很感兴趣，但当她看到小动物学习的速度和训练的效果时，她对老鼠的兴
趣增加了。）可知，老鼠的聪明激励 Kean 为搜救队训练老鼠。故选 B 项。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Their rats are not only being trained to search through the ruins, but also to find landmines(地雷)and even detect tuberculosis(结核病)”（他们不仅训练老鼠在废墟中搜索，还训
练它们寻找地雷，甚至发现肺结核）可知，老鼠可能会以多种方式帮助人们。故选 D 项。
12．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The rats are the real heroes though. As Kean puts it, “they are so smart and they are so good at moving through all kinds of different environments.” “We have the potential to speak to victims through the microphone,” she continues, knowing these little rats are on their way to making a big difference.” （不过老鼠才是真正的英雄。正如基恩所说， “它们非常聪明，非常善于在各种不同的环 境中移动。 ”“我们有潜力通过麦克风与受害者对话， ”她继续说道， 因为她知道这些小老鼠正在发挥
作用。）由此可知，最后一段主要在说老鼠非常适合搜救工作。故选 A 项。
13 ．B 14 ．D 15 ．C 16 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何自制网络信号放大器。
13．推理判断题。由第一段中的“Back in the day, people called putting up wallpaper together the ultimate test for one’s patience(过去，人们把贴墙纸称为对一个人耐心的终极考验)”和“Want to see someone’s
deepest, darkest self Watch them try to work with a bad and slow Internet connection.(想看到一个人最深
最黑暗的一面吗？看看他们如何在网速较慢的情况下工作)”可知，贴墙纸和信号不好都会考验人的
耐心。故选 B。
14．细节理解题。由第二段的“the former top will now serve as the can’s base(以前的顶部现在将作为罐
子的底部)”可知，易拉罐之前的顶部现在成为了放大器的底部。故选 D。
15．主旨大意题。由第三段中的“If your router (路由器) has an antenna(如果你的路由器有天线)”If your router has no antenna(如果你的路由器没有天线)”可知， 这一段讲的是针对不同路由器， 网络信号放大
器的放置方法不同。故选 C。
16．推理判断题。由全文最后一句“However, this is unlikely to work if your target item is more than a few feet outside of your router’s Wi-Fi range.(然而，如果你的目标产品在路由器 Wi-Fi 范围之外几英尺以
外，这就不太可能奏效。 )”可知，网络信号放大器的缺点是适用范围较小。故选 C。
17 ．B 18 ．D 19 ．A 20 ．A
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了美国男孩和女孩在做家务活上，男孩每周做家务获得
的零花钱是女孩的两倍，但是专家鼓励应该得到平等的回报和支付。
17 ．细节理解题。根据第二段“An analysis of 10,000 families across the US showed that boys earned an average of $13.80 (92 yuan) each week compared with $6.71 earned by girls, according to BusyKid, a web platform that allows kids to receive, spend, or invest their allowance.”（一项针对全美 1 万个家庭的分析 显示， 男孩每周平均收入为 13.80 美元(约合 92 元人民币)，而女孩每周平均收入为 6.71 美元。该数 据来自允许孩子们接收、消费或投资零花钱的网络平台 BusyKid。）可知， 女孩每周平均收入为 6.71
美元，故平均每天挣大约 0.96 美元。故选 B 项。
18 ．细节理解题。根据第四段中“According to the analysis, boys averaged more allowance than girls because they were more often assigned chores considered more physically difficult, including cutting the grass.”（根据分析，男孩的平均零花钱比女孩多，因为他们经常被分配到体力更困难的家务，包括 割草。）可知， 男孩比女孩挣更多零用钱的原因之一是因为他们可以做更多体力上困难的家务。故选
D 项。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Barbara Risman, a professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago, said that while Americans have come a long way in terms of offering more equal opportunities for men and women, changing mindsets forever takes even more time.”（伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校的教授芭芭拉 · 里
斯曼(Barbara Risman)说，尽管美国人在为男女提供更平等的机会方面已经取得了长足的进步，但永
远改变心态需要更多的时间。） 可知，从芭芭拉 · 里斯曼的想法来看，女性和男性获得平等的机会需
要不断改变思维模式。故选 A 项。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“In an era when many parents make efforts to ensure that boys and girls have equal opportunities, a recent study found that boys are paid twice as much allowance as girls for doing weekly chores.” （在一个许多父母努力确保男孩和女孩拥有平等机会的时代， 最近的一项研 究发现，男孩每周做家务获得的零花钱是女孩的两倍。） 和“I think this is a wake-up call for parents to realize what they are paying, to make sure they are being as fair as possible,” said Gregg Murset, CEO of BusyKid.”（BusyKid 的首席执行官格雷格 · 默塞特说：“我认为这是给家长们敲响的警钟，让他们意 识到自己所付出的代价， 并确保他们尽可能公平。 ”）可知， 文章主要讲的是美国男孩和女孩在做家
务活上付出的努力，应该得到平等的回报和支付。故这篇文章的主旨是“平等支付” 。故选 A 项。
21 ．B 22 ．D 23 ．A 24 ．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新的发现表明智人的到来并未直接导致尼安德特人的消失，
智人和尼安德特人有某种复杂的关系。
21 ．词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“A child’s tooth discovered from a French cave has revealed the earliest evidence of humans—Homo sapiens (智人)—living in western Europe.” （从法国的洞穴发现的一 颗儿童牙齿揭示了生活在西欧的人类——智人—— 的最早的证据）可知，从法国的洞穴发现的是一 颗儿童牙齿，由此可知，下文指在法国南部发现了牙齿，“Tooth”意为“牙齿” ，能够表达画线单词在
句中所要表达的意思。故选 B 项。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“These findings challenge the opinion that the arrival of Homo sapiens in Europe caused the extinction of Neanderthals, who lived in Europe and parts of Asia for about 300,000 years before disappearing.”（这些发现对智人在欧洲的到来导致尼安德特人灭绝的观点提出了质疑， 他们在欧洲和亚洲部分地区生活了大约 30 万年才消失） 可知， 以前的观点是智人在欧洲的到来导致
尼安德特人灭绝，但这些新发现对这一观点提出了质疑。故选 D 项。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段内容““We’ve often thought that the arrival of modern humans in Europe led to the pretty rapid death of Neanderthals, but this new evidence suggests that both the appearance of modern humans in Europe and disappearance of Neanderthals is much more complex than that,” said study coauthor Chris stringer, a professor and research leader in human evolution at the Natural History Museum in London.”
（研究合著者、伦敦自然历史博物馆人类进化学教授兼研究负责人克里斯 · 斯特林格表示：“我们经
常认为，现代人类在欧洲的到来导致了尼安德特人相当快的死亡，但这一新证据表明，现代人在欧 洲的出现和尼安德特人的消失都要比我们认为的复杂得多。” ）可知，克里斯 · 斯特林格表示，新证 据表明，现代人在欧洲的出现和尼安德特人的消失都要比我们认为的复杂得多，所以，人们应该更 仔细分析尼安德特人的消失， 由此可知， 从克里斯 · 斯特林格的话中可以推断出人们应该仔细分析尼
安德特人的消失。故选 A 项。
24 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Humans and Neanderthals, who we know from genetic analysis encountered one another and had babies, resulting in Neanderthal traces in our DNA, overlapped (重叠) for a much longer period in Europe, this study suggests.” （这项研究表明， 人类和尼安德特人， 我们从基因 分析中了解到他们彼此相遇并生了孩子， 这导致我们 DNA 中的尼安德特痕迹， 在欧洲重叠的时间要 长得多） 可知， 我们从基因分析中了解到人类和尼安德特人彼此相遇并生了孩子， 这导致我们 DNA
中的尼安德特痕迹，由此可推断出，智人和尼安德特人有某种复杂的关系。故选 C 项。
25 ．B 26 ．D 27 ．A 28 ．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是因为雨季的推迟导致了竹子的生长周期和狐猴的饮食需 求不同步，所研究人员主张通过与当地人的合作进而增强人们积极性的方式来给狐猴提供可供食用
的竹子，从而更好地保护狐猴。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Over the past two years, there has been a three-month delay in the rainy season and new tender shoots that lemurs consume for nutrition are appearing in January and February—14 days after the first rainfall, says Patricia Chapple Wright, a primatologist, anthropologist, and conservationist at Stony Brook University. “Lemurs eat a food source that is very adaptive,” Patricia Wright told PBS NewsHour. “It’s able to stand climate change, but the lemurs, unfortunately, can’t adapt quickly to this changed cycle.”(Stony Brook University 的灵长类动物学家、人类学家和自然资源保护主义者 Patricia Chapple Wright 说， 在过去的两年里， 雨季推迟了三个月， 狐猴用来补充营养的嫩芽出现在 1 月和 2 月，也就是第一场降雨后的 14 天。Patricia Chapple Wright 在接受 PBS 新闻一小时节目采访时表示： “狐猴的食物来源非常适应。 ”“它能够忍受气候变化， 但不幸的是， 狐猴不能迅速适应这种变化的周 期。 ”)”可以推断在过去的两年里， 雨季推迟了三个月， 所以狐猴用来补充营养的嫩芽出现的时间就 比以往晚了，这就导致嫩芽的出现和狐猴需要食物的时间对不上了，所划线部分的意思是竹子的生
长周期和狐猴的饮食需求是不同步的。故选 B 项。
26 ．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The lemurs’ highly specialized teeth are also similar to the pandas’
teeth. Both are the mammals able to chew up stems. But this diet can’t last for more than a season or two because the stems can wear away their teeth.(狐猴高度特殊化的牙齿也与熊猫的牙齿相似。这两种哺乳 动物都能咀嚼树干。但这种饮食方式不能持续超过一两个季节，因为茎会磨损它们的牙齿。)”可知 因为狐猴的牙齿无法长时间咀嚼茎秆，而干旱持久意味着这种供应时间会变长，所以如果旱季持续
的话狐猴会因为牙齿无法长时间咀嚼茎秆而挨饿。故选 D 项。
27．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The researchers believe that climate change is affecting the lemurs. The fossil record shows that the lemurs once lived throughout the island. Today, the mammals are cornered on the eastern side, where the dry season at present is the shortest. And if people continue the deforestation practice in the area, the lemurs will have nowhere to go.(研究人员认为气候变化正在影响狐猴。化石记 录显示狐猴曾经生活在整个岛屿。如今，这些哺乳动物被逼到了东部，那里目前的旱季最短。如果 人们继续在该地区砍伐森林，狐猴将无处可去。)”可知因为气候变化所以狐猴被迫到了岛屿的东部
地区，所以影响狐猴生长区域变窄的主要原因是气候的变化。故选 A 项。
28 ．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“They want to work with local villagers to plant more bamboo and manage automatic watering systems when dry seasons last long. They also want to build the local economy by allowing people to harvest a part of bamboo while the rest remains with the lemurs, so people will be interested.(他们想和当地村民一起种植更多的竹子， 并在旱季持续很久时管理自动浇水系统。他们还 想通过允许人们收割一部分竹子，而剩下的留给狐猴，来发展当地的经济，这样人们就会感兴 趣。)”可以推断 Wright 希望通过与当地人的合作即允许当地人种植竹林，提供自动供水系统，发展 经济让竹子变成经济作物以调动当地人积极性等来给狐猴提供可供食用的竹子， 所以 Wright 赞成通
过增强人们的积极性来保护狐猴。故选 C 项。
29 ．B 30 ．A 31 ．D 32 ．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国“ 四大发明” 的由来。
29 ．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“One of the interesting things about China is that they love lists. (有 趣的是， 中国人喜欢排行榜。)”，最后一句“ It should come as no surprise that there is such a thing as the Four Great Inventions.(“四大发明” 的存在不足为奇。)”，结合全文可知第一段的作用是引出下文。故
选 B 项。
30 ．词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“He published his first book on Chinese culture in 1954 where he
listed many Chinese inventions which were originally thought to be European inventions.(他在 1954 年出
版了他的第一本关于中国文化的书，在书中他列出了许多最初被认为是欧洲发明的中国发明。)”,可
知 sinologist 是指专门研究中国文化的人。故选 A 项。
31 ．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“There are literally hundreds of inventions that were originally invented in China before they were introduced anywhere else.(实际上有数百项发明是在中国发明的，然 后才被引进到其他地方。 )”，第三段第三句“He spent much of his life travelling in China, collecting and documenting examples of Chinese inventions and technology.(他一生的大部分时间都在中国旅行，收集 和记录中国发明和技术的例子。)”以及第二段第二句“However, the Four Great Inventions in particular stands out as having greatly changed not just Chinese civilization, but the entire world.(然而，“ 四大发明” 尤其引人注目，因为它不仅极大地改变了中国文明，而且极大地改变了整个世界。)”可知古代中国
为世界科学的发展做出了贡献。故选 D 项。
32．主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“However, what makes the Four Great Inventions such an odd list for China is that the list was created by someone British.(然而， “ 四大发明”对中国来说之所以如此不同类， 是因为这个榜单是由一个英国人创造的。)”，和第二句“The Four Great Inventions was actually invented by British historian and sinologist Joseph Needham. (“四大发明” 实际上是由英国历史学家、汉学家 Joseph Needham 创造出来的。)”，结合全文，可知文章主要讲了中国“ 四大发明” 的由来，A 项“真正
提出四大发明的是谁 ”作为标题能概括全文主旨。故选 A 项。
33 ．A 34 ．B 35 ．C 36 ．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了阿尔伯塔大学的一项新研究发现，强大的社会网络对树木也
是有好处的，森林土壤中的真菌网络给树木的生长提供了有利的条件。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal (真菌) networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the importance of fungal networks to older trees — which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.(这项研究首次表明， 成年树木的生长与它 们参与的生活在森林土壤中的真菌网络有关。尽管过去的研究主要集中在幼树上，但这些发现为了 解真菌网络对更老的树木的重要性提供了新的见解，因为老树对碳捕获等功能更具环境效益)”可知，
新的研究关注成年树木，而之前的发现关注的是幼树。所以新发现与之前的发现的不同之处在于，
新发现揭示了真菌网络对成年树木的价值。故选 A。
34 ．细节理解题 。根据第二段 的 “When they live in the forest soil, fungal networks act as a sort of
highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource-limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.(当 它们生活在森林土壤中时，真菌网络就像一条高速公路，让水、养分和化合物在树木之间来回流动。 该网络还帮助养分流向资源有限的树木，就像家庭单位一样在压力下相互支持)”可知，真菌网络通
过保持资源平衡的方式来帮助树木。故选 B。
35 ．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“Cores taken from 350 Douglas firs showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections.(从 350 株道格拉斯花旗松中提取的核心表明， 年轮生长与树木与 其他树木的真菌联系程度有关。它们的生长程度远远高于那些只有少数联系的树木)”可知，本段以 道格拉斯花旗松为例， 说明年轮生长和树木之间的真菌联系程度有关。由此猜测， those 指代上文提
到的“道格拉斯花旗松” 。故选 C。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“He said, “Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could factor into how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and it could inform how we want to plant trees to preserve these networks.”(他说：“ 了解真菌网络在其他树种中是否以同样的方 式运作，可以影响我们在采伐后如何重新造林，也可以告诉我们如何种植树木来保护这些网络。”)” 可知， 研究可以影响采伐后如何重新造林。由此推知 Joseph Birch 的话表明， 真菌网络使我们能够更
多地了解植树造林。故选 B。
37 ．D 38 ．C 39 ．D 40 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文介绍了剪纸艺术继承人石勤玲学习剪纸及把剪纸艺术发扬光大
的过程，赞扬了她传承保护传统艺术的决心。
37 ．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“The reason is that she views paper-cutting as not just an art form, but also a form of learning about traditional Chinese culture. (原因是她认为剪纸不仅是一种艺术形 式，也是学习中国传统文化的一种方式)”可知，剪纸对于石勤玲来说，不仅是一种艺术形式，同时 是学习中国传统文化的一种形式，结合起来就是剪纸是学习中国文化的一种艺术形式，故选 D 项。 38 ．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Shi developed an interest in handicraft when she was a child who often found herself alone at home. Out of boredom, she would play with paper, folding and cutting them into different shapes. This interest later developed into a passion, one that she decided to pursue by majoring in
arts and design during her time in university. After graduation, however, she found herself working at a ship
design company as she was unsure about what she wanted to do with her future. About a year later, the Shanghai Arts and Crafts Research Institute offered her a position in their paper-cutting department. Realizing that she still had a love for the handicraft, she made the career switch.(当她还是个经常独自在家 的孩子时，她就对手工艺产生了兴趣。出于无聊，她会玩纸，把它们折成不同的形状。这种兴趣后 来发展成了一种激情，她决定在大学期间主修艺术与设计。然而，毕业后，她发现自己在一家船舶 设计公司工作，因为她不确定自己的未来想做什么。大约一年后，上海工艺美术研究院给了她一个 剪纸系的职位。意识到自己仍然热爱手工艺，她就改变了职业)”讲述了石勤玲从小就开始对剪纸感 兴趣，上大学也是就读艺术设计专业，但毕业之后入职船舶设计公司，后因内心对剪纸深深的热爱，
毅然辞职加入上海工艺美术研究所，几经波折，终于开启了剪纸创作事业，故选 C。
39．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Realizing that she still had a love for the handicraft, she made the career switch.(意识到自己仍然热爱手工艺，她就改变了职业)”可知，因为心中对剪纸的热爱，石勤玲毅然 决定辞职改变职业方向， 说明石勤玲是一个意志坚定的人， 即 determined；其次，根据最后一段的“She thinks she has the responsibility to inherit this cultural treasure, and will make more efforts to attract people from different age groups and different fields to try paper-cutting.(她认为自己有责任继承这一文化瑰宝， 并将努力吸引不同年龄段、不同领域的人来尝试剪纸)”可知，石勤玲认为自己有责任保护和传承中
国传统文化，表明她是一个有责任心的人，即 responsible。故选 D 项。
40 ．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了剪纸传承人石勤玲的故事，包括她是如何爱上剪纸、 怎样开始从事剪纸事业、在剪纸方面取得的成绩以及剪纸对她的意义。 A 选项包含了关键词：paper-
cutting inheritor 和 career ，作为本文标题最为恰当，故选 A。
41 ．B 42 ．A 43 ．D 44 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了第一部定格电影是由于一个赌局而产生的。同时介绍了该
影片的拍摄者 Muybridge 以及他具有创造力的拍摄过程。
41．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Do you remember the first stop-motion movie, with a galloping(飞奔)horse Eadweard Muybridge made it in 1872, and the funny thing is—the first stop-motion movie was made because of a bet.(你还记得第一部有一匹疾驰的马的定格电影吗？埃德沃德·迈布里奇在 1872 年拍摄了这部电 影，有趣的是——第一部定格电影就是因为一个打赌而拍摄的)”可知，第一部定格电影就是因为一 个打赌而拍摄的。故对于第一部定格电影的产生是因为一个打赌而拍摄的，这是意想不到的。故选
B。
42 ．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Now, you can imagine that cameras in 1872 couldn’t really capture the things moving quickly. Movie cameras still didn’t exist, so it was out of the question. So, Muybridge had to get creative. (现在，你可以想象 1872 年的相机无法真正捕捉到快速移动的物体。电影摄像机还不存 在，所以这是不可能的。所以 Muybridge 必须要有创意)”可知，在当时缺乏拍摄设备的背景下，
Muybridge 创作了此部电影。故选 A。
43．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“In 1878, Muybridge raised his creativity and skill on a new level. He set twelve wired triggers (触发器) connected to shutters (快门) for cameras. He placed them evenly along the race track to capture the galloping horse. As the horse galloped the race track, it set off the triggers and made every camera take a photo with less than half a second difference.( 1878 年，迈布里奇将他的创造力 和技巧提高到了一个新的水平。他设置了 12 个连接相机快门的有线触发器。他把它们均匀地放在跑 道上，以便捕捉飞奔的马。当这匹马在跑道上飞奔时，它触发了触发器，使每个相机拍摄的照片相
差不到半秒)”可知，相机的在线触发器是由马触发的。故选 D。
44 ．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了第一部定格电影是由于一个赌局而产生的。同时文章介绍 了该影片的拍摄者 Muybridge 以及他具有创造力的拍摄过程。故 C 项“一场赌博激发了电影的诞生”
可以作为本文最佳标题。故选 C。
45 ．D 46 ．C 47 ．A 48 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了做梦和睡眠之间的关系，以及不做梦给我们带来的损害，告诉
我们要重视睡眠模式。
45 ．细节理解题。根据第一段“Dreams, according to Carl Jung, reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness. In Jungian philosophy, the conflict and chaos experienced in dreams finally bring order to our lives.”(根据卡尔 · 荣格的说法， 梦揭示了在清醒意识中隐藏的