北师大版（2019）必修第一册Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Lesson 1 The Underdog 定语从句导学案

连词
and, but, although/though尽管, unless除非, as soon as一.....就....., so....that...如此...以至于..., or或者，否则, neither....nor....既不....也不..., either...or...要么...要么...，both...and....两者都..., not only...but also...不仅...而且..., if如果, so所以, as well as 也.
主谓一致
the number of+复数名词 谓语动词用单数 ....的数量
The number of apples is five.
a number of+复数名词 谓语动词用复数 许多
A number of apples are eaten.
Or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., whether...or...就近原则，谓语动词的单复数与最靠近的谓语保持一致。
Not only Jim but also Lucy has visited a few cities since they came to China.
一．什么是定语从句？
a girl----an angry girl
This is the girl who gets angry easily.
The girl who is holding a cup is ready to go.
定语：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
定语从句：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的句子。
二．定语从句的分类
1. 限制性定语从句：删掉后，句意不明确
She is the girl who I saw yesterday.
非限制性定语从句：前有逗号，删掉后不影响主句句意
Her mother, who is in Shanghai now, is coming home next week.
三．定语从句的三要素
1. 先行词：被定从修饰的词，走在定语从句前面。
2. 关系词：引导定从的词，想办法让定语从句和先行词搭上关系。
3. 定语从句：像个跟屁虫，跟在先行词后面，用来修饰先行词。
Eg: This is the girl who gets angry easily.
You think of all the things that you would change.
We are the warriors that built this town.
关系词
关系代词：that which who whose whom
关系副词：when where why
先行词 主语 宾语 定语 状语
人 who that whom who that whose
物 which that which that whose when where where
关系词的作用
This is a zombie.
The zombie gets angry easily.
合体：This is a zombie that gets angry easily.
关系代词：指代、替代。占了名词的坑。
（1）that 既指人又指物:做主语或宾语(做宾语时可省略)。
Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress (that/which) I gave her.
I have a friend that/who likes listening to classical music.
（2）which 指物:做主语或宾语(做宾语时可省略)。
在非限制性定语从句中,只用which,不能用that。在限制性定语从句中,可用在介词之后。
My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old.
The train,which is usually very punctual,was late today.
（3）who 指人:做主语 可与that替换
1. I meet a zombie.
2. The zombie wears a green hat.
（4）whose 指人也可指物:做定语
1. I met a zombie.
2. The zombie’s hat is green.
whom 指人:做宾语
1. This is the hero.
2. We are proud of him.
练习题
Can you see the lady __________ hair is brown
I don't know the woman ___________ my mother is speaking to.
I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress ________ I gave her.
I was late for school again, _______ made my teacher very angry.
The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.
→The boy 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　is my younger brother.
The woman is here now.You were talking about her.
→The woman 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is here now.
The season is summer.It comes after spring.
→The season 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is summer.
9.The little girl is crying.Her money was stolen.
→The little girl 　　　　　　　　　　　　is crying.
10.I enjoyed reading the book.You gave me a book last week.
→I enjoyed reading the book 　　　　　　　　　　 　.
关系副词
When
当表时间的名词，如 time，period，age，day，year，moment，month，break，interval 等作先行词时，若定语从句缺少时间状语，则用when 引导，也可用“介词 + which”代替。
Eg: In the old days when I was a little boy，the Internet didn’t exist.
在我是一个小孩的那些过去的日子里，网络是不存在的。
(1)I still remember the day. (2)I met a zombie on the day.
合体：I still remember the day when I met a zombie.
I still remember the day on which I met a zombie.
Where
当先行词是表示（抽象）地点的 place，factory，room，activity，case，point，situation，scene，atmosphere，stage 等名词时，若定语从句缺少地点状语，则用 where 引导，也可用“介词 + which”代替。
We visited the house where the great musician once lived.
我们参观了这位伟大的音乐家曾经住过的房子。
Have you ever been to the university where your daughter is studying
你去过你女儿正在学习的大学吗？
(1)I still remember the place. (2)I met a zombie in the place.
合体：I still remember the day where I met a zombie.
I still remember the place in which I met a zombie.
Why
当先行词是表示原因的名词 reason时，若定语从句缺少原因状语，则用 why 引导，也可用for which 或 that 代替。
I don’t know the reason why Jack looks so excited today.
我不知道杰克为什么今天看上去那么兴奋。
Do you believe the reason why Neddy was late for the party
你相信纳迪耽误了聚会的原因吗？
(1)I don’t know the reason. (2)I met a zombie for a reason.
合体：I don’t know the reason why I met a zombie.
I don’t know the reason for which I met a zombie.
特殊情况
不能用which，只能用that的4种情况：
（1）先行词前有修饰词：the only, the very, the best（最高级）, the first（序数词）；
（2）先行词本身是不定代词 all, something/ somebody, anything/ anybody, nothing/ nobody, everything/ everybody等；
（3）用which提问的疑问句（避免重复，否则蹩脚）
Which is the man that you met yesterday
（4）先行词同时包括人 + 物
Tell me about the people and things that/ 不填 you came across on the trip.
不能用that，只能用which的2种情况：
（1）前有逗号，在非限制性定语从句中
He is always ready to help others,which makes him loved by those around him.
介词后 The house in which we live is very large.
先行词为that，those（避免重复）
1. Walking down the streets of Nothingville, __________ our love was young and free.
2. The world is changing. There’s a reason __________ aristocrats(贵族) developed weak chins.
3. Winning that ticket was the best thing _________ ever happened to me.
4. In the future you will kindly remember that there are certain rooms in this house __________ are not to be disturbed.
5. The person __________ calls you always take, that’s the relationship you’re in.
6.All ______we can do is to study hard.
7. Is there anything _____ you want to buy in the town.
8.The first place they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
9.The young Chinese soldiers, were selfless, had been dead on the battlefield.
10.Xi’an City Wall was first built in Ming Dynasty around the year 1368, based on the foundation from the Tang Dynasty back in 7th-10th century___________ Xi’an used to be the capital.
11.The original Chinese opera Marco Polo, based on the story of the Venetian explorer ___________ traveled along the ancient Silk Road in the 13th century, will be staged in September in Italy.
高考链接
1.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place __________welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.(2023)
2.On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.(2022)
作文句型
With the development of science of technology, more and more people.....
When it comes to....., people’s opinions vary from person to person.
在我看来 As far as I am concerned， In my opinion
There is no doubt that......
.....brings us a lot of benefits.
It is essential/important/easy/necessary/beneficial for everyone of us to.....
The reasons are as follows.
On the one hand... on the other hand...
To begin with....What’s more....Most importantly....
....provides a great chance for us to learn more about......
.....plays an important role in.....
build up our bodies keep a positive state of mind
The activity is very meaningful.
The most important thing is that........
take sth into consideration
I’d appreciate it if......
I hold the firm belief that with a willing heart and ongoing efforts, I will realize my dream.
总之 In a word In short,