2024高考英语阅读各省模考阅读15篇（含解析）（3月份最新模拟）

各省市阅读出题思路主要从以下几个主题语境考察，
一、阅读理解：本大题共60小题，共148分。
A
(2024年黑龙江省哈尔滨三中高考英语三模试卷)（难）Tasked with photographing one of the world's rarest big cats，you go deep into the jungle of Southeast Asia and set up a camera trap.Back at base camp，you look through the images it captures.identifying monkeys，otters and finally what you've been searching for：the mysterious clouded lcopard.
Now you can engage with all this without having to leave the comfort of your own home.A new mobile game Unseen Empire turns one of the largest-ever wildlife camera trap studies into a playable experience.It is based on an ongoing，decade-long camera trap study by Professor David Macdonald and his team at the Wildlife Conservation Research Unit at Oxford University.The game is divided into different levels，each level taking place in a different location around the world.As you progress through the game，you can update your camera equipment to capture better images and unlock new locations to explore.
Unseen Empire uses a significant number of real photographs from the study and allows players to identify species within this rapidly degrading environment.Players take on the role of a researcher in a real scientific study and the photographs can help them better understand wildlife conservation science.To understand the clouded leopard's habitat，6 million camera trap photographs captured in the study are used in the game.They are not only attractive but there's something just incredibly raw and real about capturing these animals' entirely candid （抢拍的） moments.
While the game is free and doesn't generate donations，the hope is that Unseen Empire can provide new ways for people to engage with endangered animals."If you don't have any encounter or experience with elements of nature，then what motivation can you have to take a personal interest in it？"says Macdonald.
"I would like to think that engagement with this game will lead to a feeling of value，which will affect how they think about nature，"says Macdonald."So，in that sense，we'd like to be part of a revolution on how people view the role of humanity，alongside the wider environment."
1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph？ ______
A. To show love of photography.
B. To explain the rules of a game.
C. To share adventure experiences.
D. To introduce a new mobile game.
2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about？ ______
A. The approach to setting up camera traps.
B. The present situation of wildlife conservation.
C. The reason for using real photographs in the game.
D. The way of making the photographs more appealing.
3.What can we learn about Unseen Empire from the last two paragraphs？ ______
A. It is well received and highly profitable.
B. It raises funds for the research into wildlife.
C. It affects people's attitude towards man and nature.
D. It calls for previous experience of wildlife photography.
4.What is a suitable title for the text？ ______
A. Unseen Empire：More Than a Game.
B. Unseen Empire：The Source of Knowledge.
C. Unseen Empire：The Home of Photographers.
D. Unseen Empire：The Best Way to Conserve Wildlife.
B
(2024年辽宁省沈阳120中学高考英语第二次质检试卷)（难）
Loss aversion（厌恶）， the idea that losses are more psychologically influential than gains，is widely considered the most important idea of behavioral decision-making and its sister field of behavioral economics.To illustrate the significance attached to loss aversion，Kahneman，winner of Nobel Prize in economics，wrote in his book，Thinking Fast and Slow，that"the concept of loss aversion is certainly the greatest contribution of psychology to behavioral economics."
Why has such profound importance been attached to loss aversion？Largely because it is thought to reflect a fundamental truth about humans- -that we are more motivated by our fears than by our desires.This conclusion has indications for almost every aspect of how we live our lives.
However，as documented in a recent critical review of loss aversion by Rucker of Northwestern University，there is no general cognitive（认知的） prejudice that leads people to avoid losses more strongly than to pursue gains.Contrary to claims based on loss aversion，price increases do not affect consumer behavior more than price decreases.
If losing ﹩10，000 means giving up the roof over your head whereas gaining ﹩ 10，000 means going on an extra vacation，it is perfectly reasonable to be more concerned with the loss than the gain.
Why has belief in loss aversion been held so strong for so long？An idealized view of science is that theories are accepted or rejected based only on evidence from experiments.In fact，science is not simply an impersonal search for truth，but also a social process，in which supporters of a theory must convince other scientists，through logic and argumentation，of how evidence should be interpreted.
In sum，our critical view of loss aversion highlights that，even in contemporary times，wrong ideas can continue to exist for a long time despite contrary evidence，and therefore，that there is a need to critically assess accepted beliefs.While loss aversion has frequently been used to explain why people are prejudiced toward the current situation，perhaps fittingly，the case of loss aversion illustrates the importance of challenging the present state of science.
5.Why did Kahneman write Thinking Fast and Slow ？ ______
A. To record the process of our thinking.
B. To test the contribution of loss aversion.
C. To show loss aversion is viewed important.
D. To figure out how loss aversion comes about.
6.Which situation worried people most according to Kahneman？ ______
A. Decreasing price. B. An extra holiday.
C. Rising price. D. Pursuing gains.
7.What does the author think of science？ ______
A. It is only based on experiments.
B. It bears little relation to evidence.
C. It interprets logic and argumentation.
D. Its research process is objective and social.
8.What can be a suitable title for this passage？ ______
A. Why Is An Important Idea False？
B. How Can Loss Aversion Be Defined？
C. Is An Accepted Idea Really Objective？
D. Are We Prejudiced to Loss Aversion？
C
(2024年重庆市乌江新高考协作体高考英语一模试卷)（难）
In July 1915，severely tortured by his poor health，James Murray，one of the early editors of the Oxford English Dictionary （OED），defined one final word.After his 36 years' dedication to the dictionary，his hard labour had taken a toll， knowing he would not see the project complete.
The poetic quality of Murray's final days is one of the many memorable tales in The Dictionary People.Beginning in 1857，the OED was a huge crowdsourcing project - "the Wikipedia of the 19th century" - comprising 3，000 people.The idea was to create a "descriptive" dictionary that tracked words' use and meaning over time，unlike its "prescriptive"18th-century predecessor by Samuel Johnson，which told readers how to say and use words.Volunteers read widely，mailing in examples of how "rare，old-fashioned，new，strange" words were used.What is surprising about this fairly random method is that it worked.
The origin story of Sarah Ogilvie's book is almost as improbable as that of the dictionary itself.Ms Ogilvie，a former scholar who served as an editor for the OED，went into the documents of Oxford University Press and came across an old notebook.It had belonged to Murray and contained the names and details of the dictionary volunteers，most of whom had previously been unknown.The Dictionary People is her work of detective scholarship，bringing the lives behind the names to readers.
Ms Ogilvie's book is full of intriguing stories.The presentation of the book is unconventional，too，taking its structure from the work it describes.There are 26 alphabetical chapters，each celebrating a group of contributors （ memorably， "K" is for "kleptomaniac" people who desire to steal）.This is a clever arrangement，though it sometimes means that broader issues emerge only in pieces.
Essentially，this is a story about ordinary people.It is concrete proof of those who，to cite dictionary-helper George Eliot， "lived faithfully a hidden life，and rest in unvisited tombs".
9.What does the underlined expression "taken a toll" in paragraph 1 mean？ ______
A. Paid off. B. Proved in vain.
C. Worn out the passion. D. Had a harmful effect.
10.What can we learn about the Oxford English Dictionary？ ______
A. It serves as an example of dictionary editing.
B. It provides precise directions for word usage.
C. It is a cooperative work of many volunteers.
D. It was edited with the help of Samuel Johnson.
11.What is paragraph 3 mainly about？ ______
A. The story behind Sarah Ogilvie's book.
B. The detective methods of Sarah Ogilvie.
C. Legends of the early OE
D. editors. D.Murray's role in editing the OED.
12.Where is the text most probably taken from？ ______
A. A review of a book.
B. A biography of an editor.
C. An essay on dictionary editing.
D. An introduction to a dictionary.
D
(2023-2024学年四川省成都市树德中学高三（下）开学英语试卷)（难）New words emerge in English all the time.In fact，in recent years more new words and phrases are entering the language than ever before，partly due to the increased willingness of lexicographers （词典编纂者） to include them in the dictionaries.
John Algeo who studies the history of language says， "As our culture changes，the language changes.American culture is going through a time of rapid change."
Technology is moving fast，which has a big effect on language.The computer world produces hundreds of new words.New terms also come from business，medicine，and other fields.
Many new English words come from other languages.David Jost helps create the American Heritage Dictionary. "We constantly borrow words from other cultures，" he says. "This will go on forever in cultures."
"People in many parts of the world speak English now.That is another reason why so many new words are entering the language，" says Algeo.
The American Dialect Society has a contest each year.The society selects a "new word of the year"，which gains high level of popularity on media for some days.Last year the winner was "information superhighway"，referring to a whole set of electronic network of information and people getting access to this network by computer.
New words often come in several forms，such as the back-formation （like enthuse from enthusiasm），the clipping （like zoo from zoological garden），and the compounding，etc.Over time，one form tends to win out.Take the compounding for instance. " Domestic partners" has been growing popular lately，even though many terms have been used to describe couples who live together but are not married.
"A new word rarely can be traced to one source，" says Algeo. "Several people fend to create a new word when a need for one exists."
"Most new words have a limited life 'span'，" say language experts.Only a few will survive through the next 100 years.
13.What might have least effect on English language？ ______
A. Culture. B. Technology.
C. Other languages. D. Language contests.
14.What does the writer want to demonstrate by mentioning "domestic partners"？ ______
A. It is a compounding word.
B. New words often come in several forms.
C. Over time，one form tends to win out.
D. A new word rarely can be traced to one source.
15.What can we learn from the passage？ ______
A. New words occur all of a sudden.
B. New words will become old or extinct.
C. Information technology helps the American Dialect Society.
D. American culture changes rapidly as well as English language.
16.What's the best title of this passage？ ______
A. New Words Developing Naturally
B. English Language Changing Rapidly
C. English Vocabulary in a State of Development
D. New Words Influencing English Language
E
(2023-2024学年山西省阳泉市高三（上）期末英语试卷)（难）Ever wondered why your partner is up with the lark （百灵鸟） while you are happily sleeping till noon？It could be thanks to Neanderthal genes，according to a new study.
Scientists comparing ancient DNA with the genetics of modern humans discovered a "striking trend"，said John Capra，an epidemiologist （流行病学家） at the University of California in San Francisco.The researchers found that the Neanderthal genes that remain affect the body clock —increasing tendency to be a morning person.
Neanderthals lived at higher latitudes （纬度） than our ancestors who migrated from Africa — further away from the equator，with the days longer in summer and shorter in winter. "The gene that makes people early risers likely enables more rapid alignment （协调一致） of the circadian clock （生物钟） with changing seasonal light patterns，" Dr Capra said， "when Neanderthals were able to make the most of daylight hours to hunt."
Scientists have previously explored how the circadian rhythms of insects，plants，and fish have developed depending on latitude.But that hasn't been well studied in humans.There searchers wanted to see whether there was a genetic reason for differences in circadian rhythms between Neanderthals and modern people，and found 16 variants （变异体） associated with greater "morningness".They suspected that as Neanderthals and the ancestors of modern humans mated，people today could have followed Neanderthal "circadian variants".
To test this，scientists analyse the genetics of several hundred thousand people from the UK Biobank and found many of the variants that affect sleep preference. "Most noticeably，they found that these variants increase morningness，" the researchers said.This is consistent with what has been found in other animals that have adapted to living at a high latitude，as Neanderthals did.
17.Why does the author mention "your partner is up with the lark" in paragraph 1？ ______
A. To introduce the following context.
B. To compare two morning life styles.
C. To praise those who get up early.
D. To express gratitude to Neanderthals.
18.What is the root for Neanderthals' morningness according to paragraph 3？ ______
A. The capability of hunting animals.
B. The genes from African ancestors.
C. The environment at higher latitudes.
D. The daylight hours around their habitats.
19.What can be inferred in paragraph 4？ ______
A. Morningness in human is unlike that in plants.
B. Insects' circadian rhythms are impacted by latitude.
C. Scientists have previously studied the genes of animals.
D. The genes of Neanderthals is the only reason for morningness.
20.How did researchers prove their suspection？ ______
A. By analyzing statistics of the subjects.
B. By observing people's sleeping habits.
C. By interviewing participants in the experiment.
D. By comparing sleep preference among human and animals.
F
(2023-2024学年山东省菏泽市高三（上）期末英语试卷)（难）Do you have a favorite sport？Are you passionate about sewing or reading？Typically，you engage in these activities simply because you enjoy them.Would you be taken aback to know the overjustification effect that when you are rewarded for your beloved activities，your desire to participate in them diminishes？
Edward Deci，a psychology professor，conducted a series of experiments，in one of which Deci divided the participants into two groups：one was paid to complete a puzzle，and the other was not paid to.After money was removed，the group that was previously paid to play showed less motivation to complete the task than the group that was never paid and only did the puzzle for enjoyment.The outcome demonstrated the overjustification effect，which occurs when an external stimulation decreases a person's internal motivation to perform a behavior or engage in an activity.
According to the self-determination theory，three conditions are essential for people to feel internally motivated and perform at their best：autonomy，freedom from external restrictions；competence，the need to feel capable，and relatedness，the need to feel connected with others.In Deci's experiment，money acted as a tie，which reduced participants' autonomy，a crucial component of internal motivation，discouraging them from experiencing the freedom of external restrictions.The pressure to perform for the money lessened the pleasure and freedom felt by those who were doing the puzzle merely for fun.
But if external stimulation is tied to performance，the overjustification effect is less influential.For example，being rewarded for studying is unlikely to decrease internal motivation because the grade depends upon actually doing well rather than just going through the motions.
While the overjustification effect can reduce motivation，some strategies can lower its impact.One is to focus on providing feedback and recognition rather than concrete rewards.For instance，praising an individual's effort or acknowledging their accomplishments can maintain their internal motivation.Additionally，allowing individuals to have autonomy and control over their tasks also works.By giving them the freedom to choose how they complete tasks，individuals are more likely to be internally motivated and experience a greater sense of satisfaction and engagement.
21.What does the underlined word "diminishes" in paragraph 1 mean？ ______
A. Remains. B. Weakens. C. Ceases. D. Solidifies.
22.How did Deci prove the overjustification effect in the experiment？ ______
A. By interpreting a concept.
B. By presenting an argument.
C. By making a comparison.
D. By describing a phenomenon.
23.What is mainly illustrated in paragraph 3？ ______
A. The skills needed for a puzzle.
B. The core elements of inner drives.
C. The impact of autonomy on competence.
D. The theoretical basis for the overjustification effect.
24.Which serves as an example of preventing the overjustification effect？ ______
A. Speaking highly of a pupil's hard work.
B. Rewarding a kid with candy for playing the violin.
C. Offering a clerk financial bonuses for daily routines.
D. Promising an employee a decent position for doing his duty.
G
(2023-2024学年山西省运城市高三（上）期末英语试卷)（中）Air temperature as low as 34 C can lead to a steady increase in heart rate under damp conditions，a study says.This rise，also known as cardiovascular strain （心血管压力），occurs even before a person's inner temperature starts to increase.
The findings are among a series of recent results about the heart's struggles when exposed to heat.Scientists say this work is becoming more relevant as extreme heat events become more frequent.Just this year，the average temperature worldwide hit a record high three days in a row.
"More people are going to be exposed to heatwaves and potentially be at risk，" says Rachel Cottle，a researcher in exercise physiology at the Pennsylvania State University in State College.but work to identify the combination of temperature and humidity that endangers the heart could inform strategies to protect human health，she says.
To find the threshold（阙值） for heart risk exactly，Cottle and her colleagues got 51 young，healthy participants to engage in light physical activity inside a room，where the temperature or humidity rose every 5 minutes.The researchers monitored each individual's core temperature 一the temperature of their inner organs一using sensors inside capsules that the participants had swallowed.The team also measured participants' heart rates.
As the room got hotter ，participants' heart rates increased and then steadied.But，as the room continued to heat up，the volunteers' heart rates started to rise again，and were still rising when the experiment ended - indicating cardiovascular strain.In humid conditions ，participants who were walking slowly experienced cardiovascular strain when the temperature was around 34 ℃.When the air was dry，that threshold was around 41 C.Cardiovascular strain always began about 20 minutes before the participants' core temperatures started to rise.
Because heart rate is 80 easy to measure，it could be a useful warning sign."If all of a sudden you notice your heart rate going up quickly and progressively，then that might mean that your core temperature will start to rise， "Cottle says."That's when you need to take preventive measures."
25.What can we learn from the study？ ______
A. Air temperature is higher than before.
B. Air temperature influences heart health.
C. Human heart rates rise in wet conditions.
D. Heat events are endangering more seniors.
26.Why is the outcome of the study crucial？ ______
A. Heatwaves are more common.
B. Man is at the risk of extinction.
C. Global warming broke a record.
D. Humans care for their hearts more.
27.What does Paragraph 4 focus on？ ______
A. Humans' core temperature.
B. Humans' heart risks.
C. How the experiment was conducted.
D. Why young people have better hearts.
28.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ ______
A. Heat Strains the Human Heart
B. Heat Maintains a Healthy Balance
C. Worsening Conditions in Heart Beat
D. A Progressive Increase in Heart Rate
H
(2023-2024学年内蒙古锡林郭勒盟高三（上）期末英语试卷)（中）Does using an eco-friendly paper straw （吸管） give you a good feeling because you're doing something for the environment？ "Straws made from plant-based materials，such as paper and bamboo，are often advertised as being more sustainable and eco-friendly than those made from plastic，" says researcher Dr.Thimo Groffen，an environmental scientist at the University of Antwerp. "However，the presence of PFAS in these straws means that could be discredited."
PFAS chemicals，infamous for their longevity and potential harm，can adversely affect humans，wildlife and the environment.They biodegrade （生物降解） very slowly over time and can persist over thousands of years in the environment，a property that has led to them being known as "forever chemicals".They are linked to various health issues，including thyroid disease，liver damage，kidney cancer and so on.Furthermore，these chemicals are used in everyday items，such as outdoor clothing and non-stick pans，to make them water and heat-resistant.
For a more in-depth analysis，the research team purchased 39 different brands of drinking straws made from five materials — paper，bamboo，glass，stainless steel and plastic，and then conducted two rounds of testing for PFAS.They found that most brands （69%） contained PFAS，with 18 different PFAS detected in total.In paper straws，PFAS was detected in 90% of the brands tested.PFAS was also detected in 80% of brands of bamboo straws，75% of plastic straw brands and 40% of glass straw brands.They were not detected in any of the five types of steel straws tested.
"The presence of PFAS in paper and bamboo straws shows they are not necessarily biodegradable，" says Dr.Groffen. "We did not detect any PFAS in stainless steel straws，so I would advise consumers to use this type of straw — or just avoid using straws."
The PFAS concentrations （浓度） were low and，considering that most people only use straws occasionally，pose a limited risk to human health.However，PFAS can remain in the body for many years and concentrations can build up over time. "Small amounts of PFAS，while not harmful in themselves，can add to the chemical load already present in the body，" Dr.Groffen concludes.
29.What does the underlined word "discredited" in paragraph 1 probably mean？ ______
A. Plain. B. Relevant. C. Doubtful. D. Forceful.
30.Why are PFAS chemicals known as "forever chemicals"？ ______
A. They are resistant to water and heat.
B. They take a long time to break down.
C. They exist widely in daily necessities.
D. They may cause various common diseases.
31.What can we know from the test for PFAS？ ______
A. PFAS was found in all five types of straws.
B. Paper straws were most likely to contain PFAS.
C. Stainless steel straws are harmless to human health.
D. Glass straws were the most environmentally friendly straws.
32.What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph？ ______
A. To stress the potential risks of PFAS.
B. To show approaches to using straws safely.
C. To present the advantages of stainless steel straws.
D. To appeal to consumers to avoid using straws in daily life.
I
(2023-2024学年江苏省常州市高三（下）开学英语试卷)（难）Cherie Burns is author of Diving for Starfish—The Jeweler，The Actress，The Heiress and One of the World's Most Alluring Pieces of Jewelry，a stylish detective story with a piece of glittering French vintage jewelry at its heart was published by St.Martin's Press on February 27，2018.Her previous book，Searching for Beauty—The Life of Millicent Rogers was the first comprehensive biography of Standard Oil heiress and fashion icon Millicent Rogers.It is now also available from St Martin's Griffin softcover under the slightly amended title，Searching for Beauty — The Life of Millicent Rogers，the American Heiress Who Taught the World About Style.
The author's previous book，The Great Hurricane：1938，was published by Grove/Atlantic （2005）in soft and hardcover.Jonathan Yardley of The Washington Post wrote： "Her own very good book is sure to help keep the terrible storm in its proper place in New England's memory..."，and Liz Smith wrote in her column in The Daily News that the book was "A must if you care about brilliant reporting..." "Before there was the Perfect Storm，there was the Great Hurricane of 1938.Cherie Bums' new book is not only a riveting and wonderfully written account of one of the worst storms of the century，it is a marvelous portrait of an era and a region.A must for all New Englanders and lovers of the sea，" said National Book Award winner Nathaniel Philbrick，author of Sea of Glory.
Burns' first book，Stepmotherhood—How to Survive Without Feeling Frustrated，Left Out or Wicked （Times Books） has been reprinted by HarperCollins and Three Rivers and has sold over 40，000 copies in the U.S.，England and Germany.It has remained in print for 20 years.Ms.Burns' work has also appeared in The New York Times Magazine，People，Glamour，New York，Sports Illustrated，The Wall Street Journal and other publications.She currently lives in Taos，New Mexico.See more about the author and the above titles at HYPERLINK "http：//www.." www..
33.How many books does this article mention？ ______
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
34.Where can you probably find this article？ ______
A. A book-selling website B. A science magazine
C. A travel brochure D. A book review
35.Which word can replace the underlined word "amended" in the article？ ______
A. official B. improved C. various D. orderly
36.What is the article mainly about？ ______
A. The author Cherie Burns and her books.
B. The book review about Diving for Starfish.
C. The information about Cherie Burns' books.
D. A promotion for Cherie Burns' new books.
J
(2023-2024学年江苏省常州市高三（下）开学英语试卷)（难）When New York City asked residents to stay home due to the pandemic，Jesse Means figured he wasn't going to have any visitors anytime soon，so he might as well turn his living room into a studio.
Means，a Broadway actor turned elementary school music teacher，uses that studio to record weekly lessons that he said seek to not only educate but uplift and encourage."My job is teaching，but my ultimate work is building up people and making sure their spirits are all right，" he said."I became the modern-day Mr.Rogers，as some have referred to me."
Mr，Means Music，his YouTube series，teaches rhythm，songs and vocabulary，but also includes assignments like asking students to write down something kind they did recently or a fond memory with a parent.And because his lessons are public，he said he's received fan mails from as far as the United Kingdom and Kenya. "These little kids really need to have some normalcy（常态），"he said."They're used to seeing specific faces every day，mine being one of them."
While Means said he works almost straight through every weekend on new 10 to 20-minute episodes，he said seeing video reactions showing strengthened bonds between parent and child has made the extra work worthwhile.One father，for example，regularly submitted videos of his daughter，sitting alone and responding to Means' weekly questions.Halfway through the school year，the videos changed."There was this very burly（魁梧的）man who is now in the video with his daughter singing 'the bell on the buoy goes ding ding ding!'and touching his nose，"Means said."You can see how much he loves his daughter.That's what keeps me going in those moments when I can barely keep my eyes open."
37.Why did Means start his series on the Internet during the pandemic？ ______
A. To remember his days at Broadway.
B. To become famous and popular online.
C. To cheer people up by teaching music.
D. To follow Mr.Rogers' path to success.
38.What is a special feature of Means' music series？ ______
A. It requires learners to share their lives.
B. It shows specific faces on a daily basis.
C. It aims to attract kids in foreign countries.
D. It is specially designed for pupils in New York.
39.How does Means feel about his work on the series？ ______
A. It is funny and attractive.
B. It is boring and needs improvement.
C. It is tiring and demanding.
D. It is meaningful and worth the effort.
40.According to the last paragraph，what does Means' series remind people of？ ______
A. Connection with friends.
B. Importance of music.
C. Enthusiasm for their careers.
D. Love for their family.
K
(2023-2024学年山东省青岛市城阳区高三（上）期末英语试卷)Whether due to genuine concern for the environment or the widespread criticism of plastic among consumers，many companies have invested heavily in reducing their use of plastic packaging，which may indeed have a positive environmental impact.But another trend that's grown out of the anti-plastic movement is a lot less positive：overpackaging.More and more brands have begun adding unnecessary paper packaging on top of plastic packaging in order to make their products look more environmentally friendly，without actually reducing plastic waste.
Unfortunately，there's a very good reason companies are adopting this clearly problematic approach.Through a series of eight studies with more than 4，000 participants，we found that consumers will accept a product's packaging as more environmentally friendly if it's plastic with an additional layer of paper than if the product is visibly packaged in identical plastic packaging but without the paper.These perceptions （认知） in turn make consumers both more likely to buy a product，and willing to pay more for it.
Part of what makes this overpackaging trend particularly harmful is that it is much valued by consumers who reported engaging in more eco-friendly behaviors.They were more likely to view overpackaged products as environmentally friendly.As a result，the very consumers who are most interested in pushing companies to make sustainable choices are likely unintentionally encouraging the environmentally harmful practice of overpackaging.
The good news is，overpackaging isn't the only way to signal sustainability and attract such consumers.In our studies，we found that instead of additional paper packaging，simply adding a minimal packaging sticker to plastic packaging could clarify the misperception that overpackaged products are more sustainable，Especially for products for which plastic is necessary to ensure safe transportation and lengthen shelf life，this kind of clear messaging can help reduce consumers，discrimination against the responsible use of plastic packaging.
Of course，minimal packaging stickers certainly should only be used if a brand has actually ensured that it is using the minimal possible packaging，ideally under the supervision of a trade organization or regulatory body that maintains clear，consistent standards.
41.What can we learn about overpackaging according to paragraph 1？ ______
A. It calls for less investment.
B. It involves the proper use of paper.
C. It has a positive environmental impact.
D. It causes over-consumption of materials.
42.What do the eight studies find about consumers according to the text？ ______
A. They care about the environment.
B. They are always following the trend.
C. They like comparing products' qualities.
D. They prefer beautifully-decorated products.
43.What function is expected of minimal packaging stickers？ ______
A. To help products stay fresh longer.
B. To improve the brand's popularity.
C. To correct consumers' misunderstanding.
D. To present more information about products.
44.What can we infer from the last paragraph？ ______
A. Minimal packaging stickers have been widely used.
B. Advantages of minimal packaging stickers are overestimated.
C. The use of minimal packaging stickers should be strictly regulated.
D. The use of minimal packaging stickers is a solution to over-packaging.
L
(2023-2024学年江西省赣州市高三（上）期末英语试卷)（中）People who speak two languages may be better at shifting their attention from one thing to another compared to those who speak one，according to a study published this month in the journal Bilingualism.The study examined differences between bilingual and monolingual individuals when it comes to attentional control and ignoring information that isn't important at the time，said its authors Grace deMeurisse and Edith Kaan.They set out to see if differences between the two groups would surface and used a task to measure the participants' abilities to deal with incoming information and control their attention.
"Our results showed that bilinguals seem to be more efficient at ignoring information that's irrelevant."deMeurisse said. "One explanation for this is that bilinguals are constantly switching between two languages and need to shift their attention away from the language not in use."For example，if an English-and Spanish-speaking person is having a conversation in Spanish，both languages are active，but English is put on hold but always ready to be used as needed.
The two groups of subjects included functional monolinguals and bilinguals.Functional monolinguals were defined as those who had two years or less of a foreign language experience in a classroom and use only the first language that they learned as a child.Bilinguals were categorized as people who had learned both their first and second language before the ages of 9 to 12 and were still using both languages.
Kaan explained that an individual's cognitive（认知的） traits continuously adapt to external factors.The researchers were also clear to point out that their study was not intended to show that people who speak two or more languages have an advantage over those who speak one."However，regardless of cognitive differences，learning a second language is always going to be something that can benefit you，whether those benefits are cognitive，social，or environmental."deMeurisse said. "It will never be a negative to be exposed to a second language."
45.What is the finding of the study？ ______
A. Speaking two languages contributes to the development of brain.
B. Bilinguals are more competent to deal with incoming information.
C. The bilingual brain may be better at ignoring irrelevant information.
D. The differences between bilinguals and monolinguals are distinct.
46.Why is an English-and Spanish-speaking person mentioned in Paragraph 2？ ______
A. To present the fact of bilinguals having advantages.
B. To explain the flexible switching ability of bilinguals.
C. To clarify the concept of bilinguals and monolinguals.
D. To predict the bright future of learning two languages.
47.Which of the 8-year-old boys can be called a functional monolingual？ ______
A. An American boy who is a Chinese beginning learner.
B. A Japanese boy who's good at English and often uses it in life.
C. A Chinese boy who's learning English，but uses Chinese only.
D. A French boy who uses both French and English in his daily life.
48.What is the purpose of the study？ ______
A. To raise people's awareness of being a bilingual.
B. To confirm the benefits of learning more languages.
C. To emphasize the importance of learning foreign languages.
D. To find cognitive differences between bilinguals and monolinguals.
M
(2023-2024学年湖北省部分市州高三（上）期末英语试卷)（中）Want to know what is coming soon to a cinema near you？Probably not a 1.5-hour-long movie，as in the old days.On October 20th comes Killers of the Flower Moon.At nearly three and a half hours，its length is nearly double that of the average film last year.Even movie fans struggle to concentrate for that long and some viewers even nod off.Afterwards there is a mad dash for the toilets.When does watching a film become such a slog？
The Economist analyzed over 100，000 feature films released internationally since the 1930s，the start of Hollywood's golden age，using data from IMDb，a movie database.The average length of productions rose by around 24%，from one hour and 21 minutes in the 1930s to one hour and 47 minutes in 2022.For the ten most-popular titles，the average length grew to around two and a half hours in 2022，nearly 50% higher than in the 1930s.
One driver of this trend is that studios want to squeeze the most out of their costly intellectual property（知识产权），but they are competing with streaming platforms for eyeballs.The hope is that a spectacular，drawn-out"event" movie will draw audiences away from the small screen and into cinemas.This approach has often paid off：Avengers ：Endgame ，Marvel's three-hour superhero masterpieces，was the highest-grossing（票房最高的） film in 2019.Last year long movies series made up most of the highest-grossing films in America.
Another explanation for longer films has to do with directors' growing influence.Who would dare tell the likes of Mr.Nolan to cut out his masterpieces？Moreover，streaming platforms，which do not have to worry as much about the length because viewers can pause whenever they like，may attract big names by promising them sufficient fund and creative flix funded and released three-hour The Irishman in 2019，a film that would have benefited from a decisive editor，Irish or otherwise.
49.The underlined part "a slog" in paragraph 1 refers to a（n） ______ .
A. pleasure B. effort C. conflict D. feast
50.What can be inferred from paragraph 2？ ______
A. The average length affects the popularity of films.
B. Great advances have been made in film industry.
C. Hollywood starts a golden age of feature films.
D. The average duration of movies has stretched.
51.What sets the trend of longer movies？ ______
A. Competition for the target audience.
B. Thirst for more classic productions.
C. Influence of streaming platforms.
D. Preference for decisive editors.
52.What is probably the best title for the passage？ ______
A. Movie Enthusiasts B. Movie Marathons
C. Movie Production D. Movie Influence
N
(2023-2024学年湖北省部分市州高三（上）期末英语试卷)（中）After working an extra shift，Dr.Jessica Gold returned home feeling burned out and submitted herself to the urge to watch TV and sleep most of the day.As Generation Z would say，she was"bed rotting".The phrase describes staying in bed all day，just like "rotting" （腐烂） there，according to Gold，a professor at Washington University.It is similar to having a lazy day，but it is more of an immobile term with less activity.She said，"It is OK as long as you understand why you are doing it and turn to other activities as well."
"Lying in bed for more than a day is concerning and could lead to different mental health issues，" Gold added， "The urge to rot in bed all day，especially if it happens more seriously，is likely about something more than just catching up on sleep or needing a day to do nothing，but avoiding the feelings，stress or pain of being awake.This sort of behavior has been linked to symptoms（症状） of depression and anxiety."
Bed rotting could be affecting more than just your mental health —it could also have a negative impact on your sleep. "Bed rotting is exactly the opposite of what we want people to do，"said Baron，associate professor of family and preventive medicine. "As a general guideline，if you are not asleep within 30 minutes during the night，you should get out of bed，" said she.
Bed rotting after a long day is normal，but if it is affecting your work，social life or other important activities，then you should turn to professionals，Gold suggested，because they can help you get to the root cause and get you to learn to do something that you may think of as hobbies.
Recharging activities can energize us and better prepare us for the unavoidable stress we face daily. "Some options include hanging out with a friend，seeing a film or exercising，" said Rego，a psychologist from New York， "If you don't want to leave the house，try activities like reading a book or journaling instead of just lying down."
53.What can we learn about "bed rotting"？ ______
A. It is favoured by Generation Z.
B. It is an active attitude toward life.
C. It is acceptable if it is controllable.
D. It is the same with having a lazy day.
54.What did Gold want to tell us in paragraph 2？ ______
A. The impact of bed rotting.
B. The trend of bed rotting.
C. The cure for bed rotting.
D. The prevention of bed rotting.
55.What can we infer from Baron's words？ ______
A. Bed rotting makes for stress relief.
B. Bed rotting results from lack of sleep.
C. Bed rotting contradicts good sleep habits.
D. Bed rotting refers to part of the sleep cycle.
56.What is Rego's suggested alternative to "bed rotting"？ ______
A. Adopting a regular exercise routine.
B. Engaging in some relaxing activities.
C. Seeking professional mental health services.
D. Watching other digital devices rather than TV.
O
(2023-2024学年辽宁省抚顺市六校协作体高三（上）期末英语试卷)（难）As the electric vehicle （EV） increases，drivers may start to find queues adding to their more time at charging stations.One potential solution to this is to swap out the run-down battery pack for a new one，and a company has just revealed that it's managed to do so in just five minutes.
Since the company launched its first-generation battery swap station back in 2021，the company reports that stations have been built across the San Francisco Bay Area to support fleet （车队） partners in testing the quick-swap solution.The company has also been in consultation with a delivery services to get a better understanding of their needs.
"When working with these fleets，we continuously heard that despite efforts to electrify fleets，drivers could spend up to 10-12 hours at a charging station." said the company in a blog post. "There is a lack of reliable EV charging for city residents who don't have access to garages and the option of overnight charging，and our new solution seeks to fix that."
The latest station is designed to support EVs of all sizes—from small passenger cars to mid-sized delivery vans.EVs fitted with modular batteries could roll onto the platform and have its spent modules automatically removed and replaced with fully charged ones within 10 minutes.The removed battery units are then recharged，ready for the next customer.
The shoebox-sized battery modules have been developed to improve their safety，and can be fit for any modern EV.The new stations have been redesigned for easier building at a site in just three days，and have also been made more durable to suit different local conditions as the company expands.They can also be remotely monitored 24 hours for enhanced safety and customer support.
The company is now calling for more EV manufacturers，fleet operators and municipalities to join them in the quest to electrify.
57.What is the problem that EV drivers are worried about？ ______
A. Driving EVs takes up their too much time.
B. They have to wait long to charge their EVs.
C. They have to buy new batteries to replace the old ones.
D. EVs are in bad quality despite increasing development.
58.Why does the company work with partners？ ______
A. To build charging stations.
B. To deliver the last-mile goods.
C. To obtain some related information.
D. To give a helping hand in fixing vehicles.
59.What is the feature of modular batteries？ ______
A. Time-saving and safe. B. Universal and pricey.
C. Heavy and complicated. D. Convenient and durable.
60.Which can be the best title for the text？ ______
A. A Company Is Developing a New and Safe EV
B. A Company Strengthens the Cooperation with Its Partners
C. A Company Has Expanded Its Charging Stations Across the World
D. A Company Makes the Replacement of EV Batteries Safe and Fast
答案和解析
1~4.【答案】D、C、C、A
【解析】（1）目的意图题。根据第一段Tasked with photographing one of the world's most precious big cats，you go deep into the jungle of Southeast Asia and set up a camera trap.Back at base camp，you look through the images it captures，identifying monkeys，otters and finally，what you have been searching for：the mysterious clouded leopard.（为了拍摄世界上最珍贵的大型猫科动物之一，你潜入东南亚的密林之中，设置好摄像机陷阱。回到大本营后，你开始观看摄像机捕捉到的画面，认出了猴子、水獭，最终，你看到自己一直寻找的动物：神秘的云豹。）和第二段 all this without having to leave the comfort of your own home.A new mobile game Unseen Empire turns one of the largest-ever wildlife camera trap studies into a playable experience.It is based on an ongoing，decade-long camera trap study by Professor David Macdonald and his team at the Wildlife Conservation Research Unit at Oxford University.The game is divided into different levels，each level taking place in a different location around the world.As you progress through the game，you can update your camera equipment to capture better images and unlock new locations to explore.（所有这些都不需要离开你自己舒适的家。一款新的手机游戏《看不见的帝国》将有史以来最大的野生动物相机陷阱研究变成了一种可玩的体验。这是基于牛津大学野生动物保护研究所的大卫 麦克唐纳教授和他的团队正在进行的长达十年的相机陷阱研究。游戏分为不同的级别，每个级别发生在世界各地的不同地点。随着游戏的进行，您可以更新您的相机设备以捕捉更好的图像，并解锁新的地点进行探索。）可知，第一段的目的在于引出话题，从而展开对游戏的介绍。A.To show love of photography.以示对摄影的热爱；B.To explain the rules of a game.解释游戏规则；C.To share adventure experiences.分享冒险经历；D.To introduce a new mobile game.介绍一款新的手机游戏。故选D。
（2）段落大意题。根据第三段 Unseen Empire uses a significant number of real photographs from the study and allows players to identify species within this rapidly degrading environment.Players take on the role of a researcher in a real scientific study and the photographs can help them better understand wildlife conservation science.（《看不见的帝国》使用了大量研究中的真实照片，并允许玩家在这个迅速退化的环境中识别物种。玩家在真实的科学研究中扮演研究员的角色，照片可以帮助他们更好地理解野生动物保护科学。）可知，本段主要讲游戏中使用真实照片的原因。A.The approach to setting up camera traps.照相机陷阱的设置方法；B.The present situation of wildlife conservation.野生动物保护的现状；C.The reason for using real photographs in the game.在游戏中使用真实照片的原因；D.The way of making the photographs more appealing.让照片更吸引人的方法。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 "I would like to think that engagement with this game will lead to a feeling of value，which will affect how they think about nature，"says Macdonald."So，in that sense，we'd like to be part of a revolution on how people view the role of humanity，alongside the wider environment."（"我认为参与这个游戏会产生一种价值感，这将影响他们对自然的看法，"麦克唐纳说。"因此，从这个意义上来说，我们希望成为一场革命的一部分，这场革命的主题是人们如何看待人类的角色，以及更广泛的环境。"）可知《看不见的帝国》影响着人们对人和自然的态度。A.It is well received and highly profitable.它很受欢迎，利润很高；B.It raises funds for the research into wildlife.它为野生动物研究筹集资金；C.It affects people's attitude towards man and nature.它影响着人们对人和自然的态度；D.It calls for previous experience of wildlife photography.它需要以前的野生动物摄影经验。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章最后一段 "I would like to think that engagement with this game will lead to a feeling of value，which will affect how they think about nature，"says Macdonald."So，in that sense，we'd like to be part of a revolution on how people view the role of humanity，alongside the wider environment."（"我认为参与这个游戏会产生一种价值感，这将影响他们对自然的看法，"麦克唐纳说。"因此，从这个意义上来说，我们希望成为一场革命的一部分，这场革命的主题是人们如何看待人类的角色，以及更广泛的环境。"）可知文章主要介绍了《看不见的帝国》这款新型手机游戏和它给人们带来的影响。因此A.Unseen Empire：More Than a Game.（《看不见的帝国》不仅仅是一个游戏。）符合题意。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《看不见的帝国》这款新型手机游戏。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
5~8.【答案】C、C、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段To illustrate the significance attached to loss aversion，Kahneman，winner of Nobel Prize in economics，wrote in his book，Thinking Fast and Slow，that"the concept of loss aversion is certainly the greatest contribution of psychology to behavioral economics."（为了说明损失厌恶的重要性，诺贝尔经济学奖获得者卡尼曼在他的著作《思考快与慢》中写道："损失厌恶的概念无疑是心理学对行为经济学的最大贡献。"）可知，卡尼曼写《思维的快与慢》表明厌恶损失被视为重要。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第一段To illustrate the significance attached to loss aversion，Kahneman，winner of Nobel Prize in economics，wrote in his book，Thinking Fast and Slow，that"the concept of loss aversion is certainly the greatest contribution of psychology to behavioral economics."（为了说明损失厌恶的重要性，诺贝尔经济学奖获得者卡尼曼在他的著作《思考快与慢》中写道："损失厌恶的概念无疑是心理学对行为经济学的最大贡献。"）和第二段Contrary to claims based on loss aversion，price increases do not affect consumer behavior more than price decreases.（与基于损失厌恶的说法相反，价格上涨对消费者行为的影响并不比价格下跌更大。）可知，Kahneman认为，物价上涨最让人们担心。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第五段An idealized view of science is that theories are accepted or rejected based only on evidence from experiments.In fact，science is not simply an impersonal search for truth，but also a social process，in which supporters of a theory must convince other scientists，through logic and argumentation，of how evidence should be interpreted.（理想化的科学观是，理论只基于实验的证据而被接受或拒绝。事实上，科学不仅仅是对真理的客观探索，也是一个社会过程，在这个过程中，一个理论的支持者必须通过逻辑和论证说服其他科学家，让他们相信应该如何解释证据。）可知，作者认为科学研究过程是客观的、社会的。故选D。
（4）标题判断题。根据全文和最后一段In sum，our critical view of loss aversion highlights that，even in contemporary times，wrong ideas can continue to exist for a long time despite contrary evidence，and therefore，that there is a need to critically assess accepted beliefs.（总之，我们对损失厌恶的批判性观点强调，即使在当代，错误的想法也可能持续存在很长一段时间，尽管有相反的证据，因此，有必要批判性地评估公认的信念。）可知，短文强调了对已接受的观念进行批判性评估的重要性，并且损失厌恶的例子说明了挑战现有科学状况的重要性。A项Why Is An Important Idea False？（为什么一个重要的想法是假的）是正确的标题。故选A。
短文主要讲述了损失厌恶的概念在行为决策和行为经济学领域中的重要性。损失厌恶被认为是损失对人们心理影响比收益更大的观念，被广泛认为是行为决策和行为经济学的最重要的理论之一。然而，最近一项对损失厌恶的批判性评论指出，没有普遍的认知偏见导致人们更强烈地回避损失而不是追求收益。因此，对于损失和收益的关注程度取决于具体情境。此外，短文还提到科学是一个社会过程，科学家们需要通过逻辑和论证来说服其他科学家接受他们的理论。总之，短文强调了对已接受的观念进行批判性评估的重要性，并且损失厌恶的例子说明了挑战现有科学状况的重要性。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
9~12.【答案】D、C、A、A
【解析】（1）词义猜测题。根据第一段After his 36 years' dedication to the dictionary，his hard labour had ...（在他36年致力于编纂词典之后，他的辛勤劳动......。）及最后一句knowing he would not see the project complete.（因为他不会看到项目完成。）可知，因为他不会看到项目完成，所以在他36年致力于编纂词典之后，他的辛勤劳动没有产生明显的效果。因此划线词的意思是"产生了有害的影响"。A．Paid off.得到了回报；B．Proved in vain.证明是徒劳的；C．Worn out the passion.消磨了激情；D．Had a harmful effect.产生了有害的影响。故选D项。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段Beginning in 1857，the OED was a huge crowdsourcing project - "the Wikipedia of the 19th century" - comprising 3，000 people.（从1857年开始，牛津英语词典是一个庞大的众包项目—"19世纪的维基百科"—由3000人组成。）及第二段Volunteers read widely，mailing in examples of how "rare，old-fashioned，new，strange" words were used.（志愿者们广泛阅读，邮寄"稀有、老式、新、奇怪"单词的使用示例。）可知，这是许多志愿者的合作工作。故选C项。
（3）段落大意题。根据第三段Ms Ogilvie，a former scholar who served as an editor for the OED，went into the documents of Oxford University Press and came across an old notebook.It had belonged to Murray and contained the names and details of the dictionary volunteers，most of whom had previously been unknown.The Dictionary People is her work of detective scholarship，bringing the lives behind the names to readers.（曾担任《牛津英语词典》编辑的学者Ogilvie女士查阅了牛津大学出版社的文件，发现了一本旧笔记本。它属于默里，包含了词典志愿者的姓名和详细信息，其中大多数人以前都不知道。《人物词典》是她的侦探学术作品，将名字背后的生活带给读者。）可知，这段讲的是Sarah Ogilvie的书背后的故事。因此A．The story behind Sarah Ogilvie's book.（Sarah Ogilvie的书背后的故事。）符合题意。故选A项。
（4）文章出处题。根据最后一段Essentially，this is a story about ordinary people.It is concrete proof of those who，to cite dictionary-helper George Eliot， "lived faithfully a hidden life，and rest in unvisited tombs".（本质上，这是一个关于普通人的故事。用词典助手乔治 艾略特的话来说，这是这些人"忠实地过着隐秘的生活，安息在无人问津的坟墓里"的具体证据。）结合文章讲述了对Ogilvie女士的书的评论及介绍了第一部牛津字典的形成及背后的人对它的重大贡献。可知，这篇文章可能选自书评。故选A项。
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对Ogilvie女士的书的评论及介绍了第一部牛津字典的形成及背后的人对它的重大贡献。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
13~16.【答案】D、C、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段As our culture changes，the language changes.（随着我们文化的变化，语言也在变化。）和第三段Technology is moving fast，which has a big effect on language. （科技发展迅速，对语言产生了巨大影响。）和第四段Many new English words come from other languages.（许多英语新词来自其他语言。）可知，文化、技术和其他语言都对英语有很大影响。A．Culture.文化；B．Technology.科技；C．Other languages.其他语言；D．Language contests.语言竞赛。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第七段Over time，one form tends to win out.（随着时间的推移，一种形式往往会胜出。）可知，作者提到"家庭伴侣"是为了证明随着时间的推移一种形式往往会胜出。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段"Most new words have a limited life 'span'，" say language experts.Only a few will survive through the next 100 years.（语言专家说："大多数新词的寿命都很有限。"只有少数能存活到下一个100年。）可知，新词会变老或消失。故选B。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段New words emerge in English all the time.In fact，in recent years more new words and phrases are entering the language than ever before，partly due to the increased willingness of lexicographers （词典编纂者） to include them in the dictionaries.（英语中新词不断出现。事实上，近年来，比以往任何时候都有更多的新词和短语进入英语，部分原因是词典编纂者越来越愿意将它们纳入词典。）可知，文章主要是讲不断变化和发展的英语词汇。因此C．English Vocabulary in a State of Development（发展中的英语词汇）是本文的最佳标题。故选C。
这是一篇说明文。英语中新词不断出现。事实上，近年来，比以往任何时候都有更多的新词和短语进入英语，英语进入了快速发展和变化的阶段。文章对此进行了介绍。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
17~20.【答案】A、D、B、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Ever wondered why your partner is up with the lark （百灵鸟）while you are happily sleeping till noon？It could be thanks to Neanderthal genes ，according to a new study.（你有没有想过，为什么你的伴侣起得很早，而你却在快乐地睡到中午？根据一项新的研究，这可能要归功于尼安德特人的基因）可知，while表示对比，后面说到你睡到中午，你的伴侣不同，所以，作者提到"你的伴侣起得很早"是为了引出下面的文章内容。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Neanderthals lived at higher latitudes （纬度） than our ancestors who migrated from Africa — further away from the equator，with the days longer in summer and shorter in winter. "The gene that makes people early risers likely enables more rapid alignment （协调一致） of the circadian clock （生物钟） with changing seasonal light patterns，" Dr Capra said， "when Neanderthals were able to make the most of daylight hours to hunt."（尼安德特人生活在比我们从非洲迁徙而来的祖先更高的纬度——远离赤道，夏季白昼更长，冬季白昼更短。卡普拉博士说："使人们早起的基因可能使生物钟与季节光照模式的变化更迅速地保持一致，因为尼安德特人能够充分利用白天的时间打猎。"）可知，尼安德特人早起是为了充分利用白天的时间打猎。由此可知，尼安德特人早起的根源是他们栖息地周围的白天时间。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段Scientists have previously explored how the circadian rhythms of insects，plants，and fish have developed depending on latitude.（科学家们此前已经探索了昆虫、植物和鱼类的昼夜节律是如何随着纬度的变化而发展的）可知，昆虫的昼夜节律受到纬度的影响。故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段To test this，scientists analyse the genetics of several hundred thousand people from the UK Biobank and found many of the variants that affect sleep preference. "Most noticeably，they found that these variants increase morningness，" the researchers said.This is consistent with what has been found in other animals that have adapted to living at a high latitude，as Neanderthals did.（为了验证这一点，科学家们分析了英国生物银行几十万人的基因，发现了许多影响睡眠偏好的变异。研究人员说："最值得注意的是，他们发现这些变异增加了早起的习惯。"这与其他适应高纬度生活的动物的发现是一致的，比如尼安德特人）可知，研究人员通过分析受试者的统计数据证明他们的怀疑。因此A．By analyzing statistics of the subjects.（通过分析受试者的统计数据。）符合题意。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。根据一项新的研究，尼安德特人的基因影响着生物钟的增加，使他们成为早起的人。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
21~24.【答案】B、C、D、A
【解析】（1）词义猜测题。根据第二段The outcome demonstrated the overjustification effect，which occurs when an external stimulation decreases a person's internal motivation to perform a behavior or engage in an activity.（研究结果表明，当外部刺激降低了一个人进行行为或参与活动的内在动机时，就会出现过度合理化效应。）可知，此处介绍过度合理化效应，指的是当你因为你热爱的活动而得到奖励时，你参与其中的欲望会减弱，diminish与weaken"减弱"之间为近义词。A．Remains剩余；B．Weakens削弱；C．Ceases终止；D．Solidifies固化。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段After money was removed，the group that was previously paid to play showed less motivation to complete the task than the group that was never paid and only did the puzzle for enjoyment.（在钱被拿走后，之前被付钱玩的一组比从未被付钱只为享受而玩拼图的一组表现出更少的动力来完成任务。）可知，Deci是通过把实验人员分成两组后进行对比以证明过度合理化效应的，故选C。
（3）段落大意题。根据第三段According to the self-determination theory，three conditions are essential for people to feel internally motivated and perform at their best：autonomy，freedom from external restrictions；competence，the need to feel capable，and relatedness，the need to feel connected with others.（根据自决理论，三个条件对人们感到内在动力并发挥最佳表现至关重要：自主、不受外部限制；能力，感觉有能力的需要，以及相关性，感觉与他人有联系的需要。）可知，本段主要介绍的是过度合理化效应的理论基础，故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段While the overjustification effect can reduce motivation，some strategies can lower its impact.One is to focus on providing feedback and recognition rather than concrete rewards.For instance，praising an individual's effort or acknowledging their accomplishments can maintain their internal motivation.（虽然过度合理化效应会降低动机，但一些策略会降低其影响。一种是专注于提供反馈和认可，而不是具体的奖励。例如，赞扬一个人的努力或承认他们的成就可以保持他们的内在动机。）可知，高度评价一个学生的勤奋学习是防止过度推理效应的一个例子。A．Speaking highly of a pupil's hard work.（高度评价一个学生的勤奋学习。）符合文意，故选A。
本文是一篇说明文，通过实验证明了过度合理化效应。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析。
25~28.【答案】B、A、C、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Air temperature as low as 34 C can lead to a steady increase in heart rate under damp conditions，a study says.This rise，also known as cardiovascular strain （心血管压力），occurs even before a person's inner temperature starts to increase.（一项研究表明，在潮湿的环境下，低至34摄氏度的气温会导致心率稳步上升。这种