2024年中考英语总复习 语法专题课件 介词(共38张PPT)

(共38张PPT)
第一部分　语法专题
第五章　介词
一、翻译以下词块。
1. 最后；终于 　at last/in the end　
2. 起初；首先 　at first/first of all　
3. 在八岁时 　at the age of eight (years old)　
4. 在左/右边 　on the left/right　
5. 同时 　at the same time　
6. 在你的帮助下 　with your help/with the help of you　
7. 过了一会儿 　after a while　
8. 例如 　for example/such as　
at last/in the end
at first/first of all
at the age of eight (years old)
on the left/right
at the same time
with your help/with the help of you
after a while
for example/such as
基础自测
to my surprise
be made in China
9. 顺便问一下 　by the way　
10. 惊讶地 　in surprise　
11. 使我惊讶的是 　to my surprise　
12. 在中国制造 　be made in China　
by the way
in surprise
二、用适当的介词填空。
1．The girl has worked in this school 　since　 2016.
2．（2023·河北）Many thanks 　for　 your gift. I love it.
3．My parents will be back 　in　 three days.
4．Please bring Ms. Steen to the welcome party 　without　 telling her so that she can be surprised.
5．（2023·山东）—I'm thirsty. I'd like a glass of orange juice. What about you, Betty
—I prefer a cup of tea 　with　 nothing in it.
since　
for　
in　
without　
with　
6．（2023·湖南）The earthquake in Türkiye（土耳其） happened
　on　 February 6, 2023.
7．You have to stay 　at　 home and prepare for your exam.
8．The instrument is specially designed 　for　 disabled people to play music with eyes.
at　
for　
on　
介词用来表明名词、代词或相当于名词的部分与句中其他词的关系。介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分。介词与其后面的宾语（名词、代词、数词、从句、v. －ing形式、“疑问词＋不定式”结构）构成介词短语并在句子中充当成分（表语、补语、定语、状语）。
考点1 几组介词的比较
语法点拨
一、表示时间的介词
1 at：时刻、正午、午夜 at ten o'clock, at night, at noon, at the moment
in：世纪、年代、朝代、年、月、季节、上午/下午/晚上 in the morning, in the 1980s, in May, in spring
on：具体的上午、下午、晚上、一天等 on June 26, on Sunday morning
考点1 几组介词的比较
2 since：(1)since＋过去的时间点； (2)since＋时间段＋ago I have lived here since last year.
I have lived here since two years ago.
for＋时间段，表示动作持续多久，句子常用现在完成时、过去完成时或一般过去时 I have lived here for two years.
3 after＋时间点，表示“在……之后”，常与将来时连用 after＋时间段，表示“在……之后”，常与过去时连用 They will leave after nine o'clock.
After an hour I went home.
in＋时间段，表示“多久以后”，常与将来时连用 I'll go home in an hour.
对点练1
根据句意从上面所学选择适当的时间介词填空
1．（2023·南通）Shenzhou 16 was sent up into space 　on　 the morning of May 30, 2023.
on　
2. 　In　 spring, the days are often windy and bright. It's a perfect time to fly a kite.
3．（2023·大连）—How long have you learned English？　— 　For　 six years.
4．（2023·常德）—What are you usually doing 　at　 a quarter to eight in the morning
—Generally, I am having my breakfast at home.
In　
For　
at　
二、表示地点方位的介词
1 at＋小地点（车站、电影院等） They arrived at the bus station at ten.
in＋大地点（洲名、国家名、城市名等） They arrived in Beijing at ten.
2 above：在……上面（不一定是正上方），其反义词为below；也可指温度、海拔等 There is a clock on the wall. It is above the blackboard.
on：在……上（指接触物体表面或构成物体表面的一部分） over：在……上方（垂直悬空，正上方），其反义词为under There is a bridge over the river.
3 between：在两者之间 The Pacific Ocean is between Asia and America.
among：在三者及以上的人或物之间 Shanghai is among the largest cities in the world.
4 across：穿过（某一平面） The dog runs across the street when the green light is on.
through：穿过（某一空间内部） They walked through the forest carefully.
past：经过 He walked past the post office just now.
over：从一边到另一边或越过某一高度 He jumped over the fence.
5 in：在……中；在……内 Shenzhen is in the south of Guangdong.
on：表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤，意为“毗邻；接壤” Guangdong is on the east of Guangxi.
to：表示两个个体之间有一定距离 China lies to the west of Japan.
6 in front of: 在……（外部的）前面，其反义词为behind The building is behind/in front of the hospital.
in the front of: 在……（内部的）前面，其反义词为at the back of The girl stands in the front of/at the back of the classroom.
7 by/beside：在……旁边；near：在……附近；next to：紧挨…… Our house is by the river.
My friend sits next to me.
8 along：沿着；opposite/across from：在……对面；around/round：围绕…… Walk along this street.
All sat around the table.
对点练2
根据句意从上面所学选择适当的地点方位介词填空，每空一词。
1．Look! The fish is swimming fast 　in　 the river.
2．Look! The sun is shining directly into the car. You'd better park it
　under　 the tree.
3．Anna is taller than me, so she sits 　behind　 me in the classroom.
4．（2023·内江）The library is 　opposite　 our school. To get there, we just need to cross the street.
5．（2023·日照）Another bridge is going to be built 　over　 the river this year.
in　
under　
behind　
opposite　
over　
三、表示方式的介词
1 by＋交通工具（单数） I go to school by bus.
in＋限定词＋小型交通工具 He goes to school in his father's car.
on＋限定词＋大型交通工具，自行车除外 He goes to work on a bike.
2 by＋动名词，“通过……；以……方式、方法、手段” He became a college student by working hard.
in：“用……方式、语言、颜色”等，语言、材料前不加冠词 He made the speech in English.
on：“通过；使用；借助于”，后跟电子通讯设备 We spoke on the phone.
with：“用；使用；以”，后常接具体的工具或身体的某个器官 Cut it with a knife.
对点练3
根据句意从上面所学选择适当的方式介词填空。
1．My mother often tells me it's impolite to hit an empty bowl 　with　 chopsticks.
2．In order to protect the environment, many people choose to go to work 　by　 subway.
3．Is that man 　in　 blue your headmaster
with　
by　
in　
特别提醒
容易误用介词的地方：
(1)在here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs等副词前不加介词。
(2)在today, yesterday, the day before yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语前不加介词。
巩固训练
By the time we arrived 1. 　in　 the city, I was so tired. We arrived 2. 　at　 night so we didn't go to see the ruins（废墟） until the next day. Even though I'd seen photos in magazines and 3. 　on　 the Internet, I was totally unprepared to see them in person. They were the most wonderful things I'd ever seen 4. 　in　 my life. I will never forget them!
in　
at　
on　
in　
考点2 其他常用介词
about 关于；对于 a book about flowers
across 在……各处；遍及 across the country
after 在……后；反复不断或一个接一个 after lunch; day after day
against 反对；与……相反；紧靠；倚；撞 play against; The rain beats against the windows.
as 像；如同；作为；当作 be dressed as a clown（小丑）
treat… as…； regard… as…
during 在……期间 during the 1990s
for 为了；给；对；支持； 因为；由于；对……来说 fight for; be for; be famous for; for a few days；
It's＋adj. ＋for sb. to do sth.
from 来自；源于；由……（制成）； 从……起；与……（不同） be/come from; be made from; from A to B；
be different from
including 包括；包含 I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day.
like 像……一样；例如；比方 He's very like his father.
Tom does many sports, like jumping and running.
off 从……落下；离开；下班；休息 get off; have three days off school
over 到另一边；翻越；多于；遍及 climb over the wall; over a month; all over the world
past （时间）过；（年龄）超过 half past two
through 自始至终；从头到尾；以；凭借 sit through a concert; through hard work
until/till 到……时；直到……为止 until/till 11 o'clock
with 和；同；带有；具有；关于；对于 talk with sb. ；a girl with red hair; be angry/pleased with
without 没有；不 without difficulty
巩固训练
选词填空（有两个多余选项）
through　from　including　like　across　with　for
A
Are you shy If your answer is yes, come and join our club. There are many people 1. 　like　 you. You can talk to them and make friends 2. 　with　 them.
like　
with　
B
Every year, many local Wushu groups are sent abroad to put on Wushu shows, trying to improve the influence of Wushu in foreign countries. 3. 　Through　 their efforts, Wushu has become widely popular 4.
　across　 the world, especially among young people. Studies show that, today, about 120 million people 5. 　from　 all over the world are attracted to Wushu.
Through　
across　
from　
through　from　including　like　across　with　for
考点3 常见介词的搭配
一、介词与动词的搭配
v. ＋to listen to听…… talk to和……交谈 look forward to期待 pay attention to注意
v. ＋at laugh at嘲笑 shout at对……大吼 knock at敲（门、窗等） look at看……
v. ＋for look for寻找 wait for等待 pay for为……付款 prepare for为……做准备
v. ＋on knock on敲击 get on上车 carry on继续 depend on依赖于 agree on在某事上达成一致意见 work on从事； 致力于 live on以……为食
v. ＋with agree with同意 chat with与……闲聊 catch up with追上；赶上
come up with想出 deal with处理 share with与……分享
二、介词与形容词的搭配
介词与形容词搭配时，常用“be＋adj. ＋介词”结构。
be＋adj. ＋with be bored with对……厌烦 be popular with受……欢迎 be satisfied with对……满意 be strict with对（某人）严格 be patient with对（某人）有耐心 be born with天生……
be＋adj. ＋of be afraid of害怕 be full of充满 be proud of为……自豪 be tired of 对……厌烦 be fond of喜欢 be sure of/abou对……肯定/有把握
be＋adj. ＋for be thirsty for对……渴望 be famous for以……出名 be late for迟到 be good/bad for对……有好处/有害 be sorry for (doing) sth. 对（做）某事感到抱歉
be＋adj. ＋to be/get used to (doing) sth. 习惯于（做）某事 be able to 能够 be similar to 与……相似 be harmful to对……有害 be thankful to sb. (for sth. )（因某事）感谢某人
be＋adj. ＋at be present at出席 be good at擅长 be surprised at对……感到惊奇
be＋adj. ＋ in/on/from be interested in 对……感兴趣 be hard on sb. 对某人苛刻　be different from和……不同
三、介词与名词的搭配
名词＋介词 the key to……的关键　the way to……的方法　the answer to……的答案
介词＋名词 in surprise惊奇地　on time准时　in time及时　for example例如
on foot步行　in trouble处于困难中　in the end最后　on sale降价销售；待售
in one's opinion在某人看来　in danger处于危险中　at the age of在……岁时
by the way顺便说一声　at last终于　in a hurry匆忙地
巩固训练
根据所学搭配填入适当的介词。
A girl had a coat. There were five buttons（纽扣） in her coat. The five buttons looked the same and they were friends. They often talked 1.
　to/with　 each other.
One day, a button got a scratch（划痕）. The scratch was ugly and it made the button be different 2. 　from　 the others. The other buttons often laughed 3. 　at　 it. The poor button was very sad. Finally, it left the four buttons and went away.
After a few days, the girl went 4. 　to　 the market and bought five new buttons. She threw away the four old buttons.
to/with　
from　
at　
to　
1．介词在语法选择中的考查
语法选择考查介词主要会从表示时间的介词，表示地点和位置的介词，表示方式、手段、方向的介词，固定搭配等方面去设题考查。解题时可以根据上下文、分析句子结构以及固定搭配去确定。
①由句子结构及上下文判断
（2021·广东34题）Workers started to build the bridge in May… The bridge runs 　　　　 two mountains.
A．at B．under C．among D．between
解析：根据上下文可知此处表示“这座桥夹在两座山之间”，在两者之间应用介词between，在三者及三者以上之间用among，其他两项都不符合此处的语境，故选D。
对接中考
②由固定搭配判断
（2023·广东34题）They had a taste of what it was like to travel 　　　　 space.
A．on B．in C．for
解析：(travel) in space“在太空（旅行）”，固定短语。故选B。
2．介词在短文填空中的考查
在短文填空中对介词的考查与在语法选择中的考查类似，解题方法同样是从句子结构及上下文或固定搭配这几个方面进行判断。
①由句子结构及上下文判断
（2021·广东67题）He is William, an American who has lived in China 　　　　 33 years.
解析：分析句子结构可知空处所在从句为现在完成时，“for ＋ 时间段”常与现在完成时连用，且句意符合，故填for。
②由固定搭配判断
（2022·广东69题）Tea is mostly produced 　　　　 Asian countries like China and India.
解析：be produced in sp. 在某地被生产。故填in。
一、 语法选择
中俄免签后，俄罗斯人组团去黑河吃早餐
A visa free policy（免签政策） was started between Heihe, a city in Heilongjiang Province, and one of Russia's cities on September 21, 2023. The two cities are only a few hundred meters apart 　1　 foot, with a 7 minute boat ride. The Heilong River, which 　2　 as the Amur River in Russia, is between them.
（　B　）1. A. by B．on C．with
on foot步行。
（　A　）2. A. is known B．is knowing C．are known
B
A
be known as被认为是。
强化训练
（　B　）3. A. high B．higher C．highest
根据空后的than可知应使用比较级。
B
Local people say that the cost of living in Russia is 5 to 6 times 　3　 than that in Heihe.
　4　 late autumn, Heihe's temperature is from －2℃ to 9℃ in the day. People wear coats and warm clothes 　5　 against the cold. For breakfast, people like warm soup best.
Many Russian 　6　 went to Heihe to have breakfast after the visa free policy.
（　B　）4. A. At B．In C．On
（　C　）5. A. fighting B．fought C．to fight
B
C
此处用不定式作目的状语，故选C。
（　A　）6. A. visitors B．visitors' C．visitor
A
“I 　7　 selling pancakes here ten years ago. Recently, many people came to buy 　8　 pancakes. They are popular 　9　 Russians. I love the visa free policy，” a vendor（小贩） in the Heihe morning market said.
“Russians like food with meat fillings（馅） 　10　 it tastes delicious and is easy to make people full. They say baozi is like hamburgers and pie is like pizza，” another vendor said.
（　A　）7. A. started B．was starting C．have started
根据时间状语“ten years ago”可知应使用一般过去时，故选A。
A
（　B　）8. A. me B．my C．mine
（　A　）9. A. among B．between C．in
B
A
be popular among在……中流行。
（　B　）10. A. so B．because C．but
短文大意：本文主要介绍了中国黑龙江省的黑河市与俄罗斯的一个城市实施免签政策以来，俄罗斯游客组团到黑河吃早餐的情况。
B
二、短文填空（2023·长沙改编）
include　in　you　by　pen　way　enjoy　letter　make　from　without　on
Do you know World Letter Writing Day It falls 1. 　on　 September 1st every year. It was set up by Richard Simpkin in 2014. He encouraged people to take a break 2. 　from　 today's social media（媒体） and write a letter to someone by hand.
on　
from　
Who should you write to Think about a friend or relative that lives far away. A parent or best friend would also love to receive 3. 　your　 letter.
1．“September 1st”是具体某一天，用介词on，故填on。
your　
include　in　you　by　pen　way　enjoy　letter　make　from　without　on
How do you write a letter Generally speaking, a letter 4. 　includes　 these parts. The date and a greeting such as “Dear…” should be at the top of the letter. A closing such as “Love” or “Yours truly” needs to follow the body. End it 5. 　by　 signing it.
includes　
by　
Why should you pick up a pen and write a letter It's a good 6. 　way　 to show people that you have been thinking of them. Everyone loves a personal touch. It makes 7. 　enjoyable　 memories. Some people save 8. 　letters　 and look at them over the years.
5． by doing sth.通过做某事。
7．此处作定语修饰memories，用形容词形式。故填enjoyable。
way　
enjoyable　
letters　
include　in　you　by　pen　way　enjoy　letter　make　from　without　on
A recent study shows that letter writing 9. 　makes　 the writer happy, too. “Handwriting is your DNA. It's your fingerprint（指纹） that only you can share with others，” said Richard Simpkin.
So, get some paper and pick up a 10. 　pen　 . Start writing a letter today!
makes　
pen　
9．本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“letter writing”，动词用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。
短文大意：本文介绍了世界写信日，以及应该写信给谁，应该怎么写信，写信有什么意义等。