2024年中考英语总复习 话题复习课件 灾害防范(共39张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
第三部分 话题复习
话题十四　灾害防范
课标要求
自然灾害与防范措施，人身安全与自我保护
教材链接
人教版 外研版
9全 Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected. 8上Module 8 Accidents
8上Module 12 Help
9下Module 5 Look after yourself
一、从方框中选择合适的单词并用其正确形式填空，每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
protect　brave　earthquake　warn　save　survive　pain
1. （2023·泰州）If these skills aren't taught to today's students, they might hardly 　 survive　 in the future.
2．（2023·连云港改编） 　 Earthquakes　 can be very dangerous. We should learn to protect ourselves.
survive　
Earthquakes　
话题词句夯基
3．（2023·南通改编）Thinking creatively and trying 　bravely　 are very important to young people.
4．（2023·武汉）The ancient emperors built the Great Wall to 　protect　 their country.
5．（2023·滨州）Our parents often 　warn　 us not to talk with strangers on the Internet.
bravely　
protect　
warn　
protect　brave　earthquake　warn　save　survive　pain
二、用下面短语的适当形式填空，每个短语限用一次。
be harmful to　in danger　traffic accident　pay attention to　put out
1. The firemen who 　put out　 the forest fires bravely are national heroes.
2．Noise is also a kind of pollution and 　is harmful to　 humans' health.
3．（2023·连云港）Simon always stays up late. Doctor Ma advises him to 　pay attention to　 his health.
4．（2023·阜新改编）We must protect the animals 　in danger　 , so they can live in peace with people.
5．It is reported that drunk driving is one of the most common reasons to cause 　traffic accidents　 ．
put out　
is harmful to　
pay attention to　
in danger　
traffic accidents　
一、语法选择
It was not far from a bridge in Mianzhu, Sichuan. Suddenly 　1　 white car sped up, and ran into the river below. Soon there was a crowd. Many of them didn't even know how the accident happened.
At that moment, Wang Minghong, jumped into the river as 　2　 as possible.
（　A　）1. A. a B．an C．the
（　C　）2. A. fastest B．faster C．fast
A
C
as＋形容词或副词原级＋as possible表示“尽可能……的/地”。
强化训练
“I was with my wife, and we were on our way home，” said Wang. “All of a sudden, I heard a great noise 　3　 saw a car fall into the river. I knew 　4　 there were people in it and I had to try to save them. ”
So Wang and another man were in the water, trying their best 　5　 . They swam to the car and got two 　6　 out before it was upside down. However, the third passenger couldn't move in the back seat. And there was no way that the two of 　7　 could get the door open.
（　A　）3. A. and B．but C．or
（　B　）4. A. which B．that C．why
（　B　）5. A. helped B．to help C．helping
try one's best to do尽某人所能去做。
A
B
B
（　B　）6. A. woman B．women C．women's
（　A　）7. A. them B．their C．theirs
B
A
Wang swam back to the crowd and shouted that they needed help. And soon he got enough tools. And several more people jumped into the river, one 　8　 one. A few minutes later, someone broke the window. Finally, they 　9　 the passenger out.
Thanks to Wang and other people, the people in the car 　10　 .
We often hear time changes and that people change with time. But heroes don't. They come forward in times of difficulty, with the look of common people.
（　C　）8. A. at B．on C．by
one by one一个接一个地。
C
（　B　）9. A. were getting B．got C．get
（　C　）10. A. are saving B．are saved C．were saved
主语people和动词之间是被动关系，且事情发生在过去，应使用一般过去时的被动语态。
B
C
短文大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一辆白色轿车掉进河里，众人合力将车中的人救起的故事。
二、 完形填空
洪水无情人有情，落坡岭居民温暖千名被困旅客
On July 30, 2023, because of the flood, train K396 to Beijing's Fengtai Station was forced to stop at Mentougou's Luopoling Train Station.
Nearly 1，000 passengers and train workers were trapped（困） on the train for almost two 　1　 . During their trapped time in Luopoling, local people showed their love by taking out all the food they had at home for the passengers, although their power and water had been 　2　 as a result of strong rains.
（　B　）1. A. hours B．days C．weeks D．months
根据最后一段“Four days later”可知，此处指天数，即days。
B
（　A　）2. A. cut off B．shown off C．thrown away D．run away
根据常识可知，水电是被切断，即cut off。
A
“I was 　3　 touched by our people. They are great people full of 　4　 ，” said Meng Ermei, a government official in the Luopoling community. “There are fewer than 400 people in the community, mostly the elderly. But they accepted nearly 1，000 passengers, 　5　 food and beds. They did whatever they could to help. Some people's cars were turned into homes for passengers. People 　6　 whatever food they had at home and made lots of noodles and soup. ”
（　D　）3. A. slowly B．usually C．sadly D．deeply
（　C　）4. A. weakness B．darkness C．kindness D．happiness
根据上下文的描述可知，村民很善良，故选kindness。
D
C
（　A　）5. A. sharing B．affording C．changing D．holding
（　B　）6. A. helped B．offered C．planted D．tasted
A
B
The passengers were deeply moved. They 　7　 their thanks to the local people. Li Shukun is one of the passengers. She traveled with 40 schoolmates and three teachers for a 　8　 tour of Beijing. “The local people brought us food as well as blankets（毯子），” she said. “They are so 　9　 . I am so thankful to them. ”
（　D　）7. A. expected B．improved C．explored D．expressed
“表达感谢”用动词expressed。
D
（　B　）8. A. spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter
根据常识可知，7月份是夏天，故选summer。
（　D　）9. A. short sighted B．middle aged
C．old fashioned D．warm hearted
B
D
Four days later, all the passengers who had been trapped on the train 　10　 arrived at Beijing's Fengtai Station. They were saved by the police who had hiked for four hours to reach them at Luopoling Train Station and took food, clothing and medicine to them.
（　C　）10. A. suddenly B．carelessly C．successfully D．silently
短文大意：本文主要讲述了落坡岭社区位于门头沟深山区，面对K396次列车被迫停留在落坡岭火车站的近千名乘客，这个深山社区的400多位乡亲倾其所有帮助他们，诠释了灾情当前团结一致、共克时艰的人间大爱。
C
三、阅读理解A
In recent years, the number of wildfires has been increasing across the world. These fires destroy（破坏） homes and the environment. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, almost 3 billion animals were killed or lost their homes in the 2019—2020 Australian forest fires. In China, the total number of forest fires every year has increased to more than 2，000.
Unlike other natural disasters, wildfires are usually caused by people. The good news is that this means people can prevent wildfires, too!
Use fire safely
When you start a campfire, clear the area around your fire pit（坑） and put rocks around your pit. To put out your fire, mix water into the dirt until it's cool enough to touch. If it's too hot to touch, it's too early to leave.
◆Never light a fire on a windy day.
◆Do not use fireworks in forests.
◆Put used matches in a closed container（容器） or a cup of water.
Stay safe from the flames（火焰）
△If you're indoors, use a wet towel（毛巾） to cover your nose and mouth.
△If there is water nearby, make your clothes wet with the water.
△If you find yourself next to a fire on a mountain, run downhill（向山下） instead of going up.
△If there are ponds or rivers, you can use these areas to avoid danger.
△If you're in a forest, run to the large open spaces where there are fewer trees.
（ C ）1. What can we know about wildfires from the passage
A．Cases of wildfires have been decreasing across the world.
B．There was no wildfire from 2019 to 2020 in Australia.
C．In China, the number of forest fires every year has increased to over 2，000.
D．Wildfires are most often caused by animals.
根据“In China, the total number of forest fires every year has increased to more than 2，000.”可知，中国每年发生的森林火灾总数已增至2000多起。故选C。
C
（　B　）2. What bad results of wildfires are mentioned
①People lost their money. ②The environment was destroyed.
③People were killed. ④Animals lost their homes.
A．①② B．②④
C．②③ D．③④
根据“These fires destroy homes and the environment.According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, almost 3 billion animals were killed or lost their homes in the 2019—2020 Australian forest fires.”可知，野火会破坏环境、让动物失去家园。
B
（　D　）3. What can we do to use fire safely
A．Leave when the fire pit is too hot.
B．Light a fire on a windy day.
C．Use fireworks in forests.
D．Put used matches in a cup of water.
D
（　B　）4. What can't we do when we meet a wildfire
A．Make our clothes wet with the water.
B．Run uphill if we are on a mountain.
C．Use ponds or rivers to avoid danger.
D．Run to spaces with fewer trees.
根据“If you find yourself next to a fire on a mountain, run downhill instead of going up.”可知，如果在山中发现野火，要向山下跑，不能向上跑。故选B。
B
（　A　）5. What's the purpose of this passage
A．To tell people how to prevent wildfires and keep themselves safe.
B．To save animals and help them build new homes.
C．To describe the bad effects of wildfires.
D．To let more people protect the environment and plant trees.
通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界范围内日益增长的野火数量及其预防自救措施。故选A。
短文大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界范围内日益增长的野火数量和防止野火发生的一些注意事项及自救措施。
A
四、 阅读理解B
洪水来临该怎么办？
Floods can happen quickly and without warning. Be prepared to leave and keep your emergency supplies（应急物资） close. Leave mobile phones on and charged（充电） so you can receive messages quickly. Listen to the radio for updates, and check the websites. Get your home or business ready：
Move valuable and dangerous things as high above the floor as possible.
Take photos of your ground floor rooms and outdoor areas, for insurance（保险） purposes.
Consider using sandbags to keep water away from your house or other buildings.
Move cars to higher ground if you can.
If you have left, it may not be safe to return home even when the flood waters have gone away. Listen to emergency services and don't return home until they tell you it is safe to do so.
Never try to walk, swim, drive through or play in flood water. Many flood deaths are caused by people trying to drive through water, or people playing in high water. Slow flowing, deep water or fast flowing can unbalance people and sweep them away. Even water just 15 centimeters deep can sweep you off your feet. Keep children away from flood waters. It is not safe for them. Do not put yourself at risk to take photos or videos of the flood. All flood water is polluted. Flood water may also be electrically charged（带电的） from underground power lines.
（ B ）1. What can you do to prepare your home for a flood
A．To move beds outdoor.
B．To take photos of valuable objects.
C．To keep water away with sand.
D．To move cars to the backyard.
根据“Take photos of your ground floor rooms and outdoor areas, for insurance purposes.”可知拍下重要物品的照片是正确做法。故选B。
B
（　C　）2. When can you return home
A．When the floodwaters have gone away.
B．When the floodwaters are weak.
C．When the emergency services say it is safe to do so.
D．When other people go back home.
C
（　A　）3. What does the underlined word “unbalance” mean in the passage
A．Hardly stand. B．Feel pain.
C．Feel weak. D．Hardly move.
根据“sweep them away”可知，此处应指由于站不稳被冲走。unbalance和hardly stand同义。
A
（　B　）4. What is the right thing to do during a flood
A．Trying to drive in the flood water.
B．Keeping an eye on children.
C．Making videos of the flood.
D．Playing in high water.
根据“Keep children away from flood waters. It is not safe for them.”可知，要让小孩子远离洪水，因此看好孩子是正确的，故选B。
B
（　D　）5. What is the best title for this passage
A．If Flooding is Possible in Your Area
B．Protect Pets and Other Animals
C．Stay out of Flood Water
D．What We Can Do in Floods
根据全文可知，本文作者主要讲述了洪水来临时我们应该怎么做，What We Can Do in Floods符合，故选D。
短文大意：本文主要讲了洪水来临时应该怎么做。
D
五、短文填空
still　weak　by　kill　find　so　country　it　thousand　strong　care　die
On the early morning of February 6, 2023, a big earthquake hit Türkiye and Syria. It had a magnitude（震级） of 7. 8. Unluckily, more than 41，000 people were 1. 　killed　 in the earthquake.
killed　
The earthquake happened in Türkiye near 2. 　its　 border（边境） with Syria. This earthquake was 3. 　stronger　 than any other one that hit Türkiye in the last 80 years.
3．此处描述地震，又根据空后的than可知是比较级，根据备选词可知应是在描述地震强度，故填stronger。
its　
stronger　
still　weak　by　kill　find　so　country　it　thousand　strong　care　die
still　weak　by　kill　find　so　country　it　thousand　strong　care　die
The earthquake was followed 4. 　by　 over 130 aftershocks. They are usually smaller earthquakes that happen after a larger one. In this case, some of the aftershocks were 5. 　still　 as strong as the large one. One even had a magnitude of 7. 5.
by　
still　
4．be＋过去分词＋by构成被动语态，故填by。
Nearly thirty 6. 　countries　 , including China, quickly sent helpers to Türkiye and Syria. Medical workers raced against the clock to 7. 　care　 for the people who got hurt. A church in Syria also took action. “We want to make sure that everyone can be safe here, 8. 　 so　 we open the doors to the public，” said the head of the church.
6．根据后面的“including China”可知此处指30个国家，故填countries。
7．care for照顾；照料。
8．空格前后为因果关系，前因后果，故填so。
countries　
care　
so　
still　weak　by　kill　find　so　country　it　thousand　strong　care　die
still　weak　by　kill　find　so　country　it　thousand　strong　care　die
The earthquake also caused harm to 9. 　thousands　 of buildings in both Türkiye and Syria. UNESCO was especially worried about Aleppo, which is an ancient city in Syria. “Great harm was 10. 　found　 in the city，” the organization said. “The western tower of the old city wall has fallen down. ”
thousands　
found　
9．thousands　thousands of数以千计的。
短文大意：本文主要介绍了2023年土耳其和叙利亚发生大地震的情况。
六、读写综合（2023·汕头模拟）
A. 回答问题
Schools across Arkansas joined in the Great Shake Out Day on Thursday, Oct. 21, 2021. It's an earthquake drill（演习） to improve students' knowledge and provide education on what to do if an earthquake hits.
Pam Dial, a headteacher, said they liked to take part in this drill to be a part of something bigger than themselves.
“I think it makes the kids and teachers excited and it makes me feel excited to be a part of something that's bigger than just our small school，” she said.
Students had to stop their classwork at 10：21 a．m. that day when warnings through the speaker said, “This is an earthquake drill. At this time, we need students to drop, cover and hold. ” This didn't come as a shock, according to Dial, because they had taken part in the drill for the past three years.
“I usually share the website with teachers and it just gives them ideas for how to explain it to kids. It also teaches students how to drop, cover and hold so that they will protect their heads and their backs，” she said.
“Drop, cover and hold” are the three simple but important steps according to a geologist, Scott Ausbrook, since Arkansas is along an earthquake belt, and earthquakes are an unexpected disaster. “Earthquakes can happen at any time. The state had 34 earthquakes in 2021. Only 10% of those were actually felt by people. Education is key for their safety，” he said.
1．When did schools across Arkansas join in the Great Shake Out Day
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Schools across Arkansas/They joined in the Great Shake Out Day on
Thursday, Oct. 21, 2021. /On Thursday, Oct. 21, 2021.
2．How did the kids and teachers feel about joining in the drill, afraid or excited
________________________________________________________________3．Why didn't the students feel shocked when the drill began
________________________________________________________________
They felt excited.
Because they had taken part in the drill for the past three years.
4．What are the three important steps in an earthquake
________________________________________________________________5．How many earthquakes did Arkansas have in 2021
________________________________________________________________
Drop, cover and hold.
34 earthquakes. /The state had 34 earthquakes in 2021.
B. 书面表达
假如你是李华，今年5月12日全国防灾减灾日(National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day)，你校举办了一系列的相关活动。你在美国的笔友迈克(Mike)对此很感兴趣，请你根据以下提示给他写一封回信。内容包括：
(1)介绍相关活动（至少2种）；(2)参加活动的收获与感受。
Dear Mike，
On National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day, our school held some activities. I would like to share them with you.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards，
Li Hua
One important part was an earthquake drill. When the drill began, we were required to leave the classroom in order and gather on the playground. Besides, our school invited an expert to give us a lecture about how to save ourselves during an earthquake. Although it was not the first time for our school to hold similar activities, I felt excited to join in these activities because I could always learn something new.
My classmates all agreed that these activities were interesting and meaningful because we learned not only how to protect ourselves in an earthquake but also a lot of useful skills.