河南省2024年英语中考热点备考重难专题：一材多题型精讲课件(共45张PPT)

(共45张PPT)
河南 英语
一材多题型精讲
2024中考备考重难专题课件
课件思路简介
一、设计初衷：《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》提到“充分认识语篇在传递文化意涵，引领价值取向，促进思维发展，服务语言学习、意义理解与表达等方面的重要作用。” 基于此，特优选高质量语篇，改编成不同题型，使老师在讲解不同的阅读任务时，帮助学生多层次、多角度地理解语篇，进而提高学生的阅读理解能力。
二、思路亮点：
1. 采用精讲一材多题型的整体思路，即：把同一个语篇素材改编成3个不同的题型，以便多维度提升学生的阅读理解能力及写作水平；
2. 结合2022全国创新考法，以“问题链”的形式研读语篇，方便老师精准透彻地讲解语篇；
3. 站在学生的角度，动态可视化解题思路，培养学生的解题思维。
三、适用场景：日常题型讲解或题型专项集训
一材多题型精讲
语篇研读
阅读理解D
1
阅读理解—说明文
2
3
作文缩写
4
01 阅读理解—说明文
解题步骤
Step 1：浏览全文，获取信息
文体 主题 内容
段落
①Clownfish（小丑鱼）like to live in coral reefs（珊瑚礁），but they don't spend their entire lives there. In the first few months after they are born，they “wander（游荡）” in the open sea. The fish are very small. They are not yet orange and can't even swim. When the baby clownfish grow big enough to swim, they hurry home. They can't see the reef, however. Instead, they depend on the small noises that a healthy reef lets out to find their way back.
抓关键信息：首尾句
②But humans—and their ships, speedboats, energy exploration platforms and even surfing—have made the ocean an unbearably noisy place. These noises are often louder than the natural ones. In the case of baby clownfish, they make them unable to find their way home. Clownfish are not the only ones to suffer. Beneath the waves, there is little light. Sounds, however, travel very far. Many sea animals depend on their ability to hear for their survival. They use sounds to sense their environment and to communicate. Dolphins call one another by unique names. Toadfish hum. Whales sing.
抓关键信息：首尾句
③Many sea animals swim away from the noises. Whales, for example, can learn to avoid busy shipping routes. But slow-moving animals like sea cucumbers are left helpless. In some places, human-made noises are everywhere. Animals have to permanently move away from these noises to quieter places. They are then forced to compete against others for the same pools of resources. Over time, their populations start to decline（减少）.
抓关键信息：首尾句
④Luckily, the noise is a controllable pollutant. “We know exactly what causes the noise, we know where it is and we know how to stop it,”said Steve Simpson, a biologist in England. Many solutions to this problem already exist. Wind-powered boats have been developed. Shipping routes can also be moved away from certain areas. Researchers are calling for stricter rules. “We have noise standards for cars and trucks,”said Carlos Duarte, another biologist.“Why should we not have them for ships ”
外文素材选自《上海学生英文报》
抓关键信息：首尾句
文体 主题 内容
段落 说明文
人与自然
噪音对
海洋动物的影响
Clownfish depend on the small noises that
a healthy reef lets out to find their way back.
Humans have made the ocean an unbearably noisy place. Many sea animals suffer, because they depend on their ability to hear for their survival.
Many sea animals’ populations start to decline.
The noise is a controllable pollutant.
4段
Step 2：分析题目，定位原文，对比选项
细节理解/直接信息
什么动物在往家赶时需要健康的珊瑚礁？
① ...The fish are very small. They are not yet orange and can't even swim. When the baby clownfish grow big enough to swim, they hurry home. They can't see the reef, however. Instead, they depend on the small noises that a healthy reef lets out to find their way back.
“they”所指代的动物需要健康的珊瑚礁
“they”指代的是clownfish
1.What animals need healthy reefs when they hurry home
A. Whales. B. Clownfish. C. Dolphins. D. Toadfish.
分析题目：圈设问关键点
定位原文
对比选项：clownfish
答案线索句
2.What does the underlined word “unbearably” mean in the text
A. 令人非常满意地 B.令人难以辩驳地
C. 令人难以忍受地 D.令人非常愉快地
词义猜测
文中画线单词的含义是什么？
②But humans—and their ships, speedboats, energy exploration platforms and even surfing—have made the ocean an unbearably noisy place. These noises are often louder than the natural ones. In the case of baby clownfish, they make them unable to find their way home.
这种吵闹是有危害的, 排除A、D
B、C代入
文意中无“辩驳”的意思，C正确
分析题目：圈设问关键点
定位原文
修饰“noisy”，表示吵闹的程度
代入原文
细节理解/间接信息
深受其害的海洋动物
在海里游得很远
住在一个明亮的地方
靠自己的听觉生存
通过气味与同伴交流
②... Clownfish are not the only ones to suffer. Beneath the waves, there is little light. Sounds, however, travel very far. Many sea animals depend on their ability to hear for their survival. They use sounds to sense their environment and to communicate. ...
travel very far的是sound，排除A
海底光线昏暗，排除B
C同义替换
通过声音而非气味，则D错误
分析题目：圈设问关键点
定位原文
对比选项
3.What do we know about sea animals that suffer according to the text
A. They travel very far in the sea.
B. They live in a bright place.
C. They depend on their hearing ability to survive.
D. They use smells to communicate with on another.
段落大意
行动缓慢的动物不能游走。
人为的噪音无处不在。
海洋动物会游到更安静的地方。
噪音导致海洋动物的数量减少。
4.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A.Slow-moving animals can’t swim away.
B.Human-made noises are everywhere.
C.Sea animals will move to quieter places.
D.Noises cause sea animals’ populations to decline.
③Many sea animals swim away from the noises. Whales, for example, can learn to avoid busy shipping routes. But slow-moving animals like sea cucumbers are left helpless. ... They are then forced to compete against others for the same pools of resources. Over time, their populations start to decline（减少）.
ABC只是第三段涉及的一个层面，并非主旨。
分析题目：圈设问关键点
定位原文
对比选项
标题归纳
度过一生
游走
影响海洋动物
制定规则
5.What's the best title for the text
A.Where clownfish spend their whole lives？
B. When sea animals will move away？
C. How human noises influence sea animals？
D. Why stricter rules should be made ？
① ...they depend on the small noises that a healthy reef lets out to find their way back.
②Clownfish are not the only ones to suffer.
③They are then forced to compete ...their populations start to decline.
④... the noise is a controllable pollutant. ...
本文围绕人类
制造的噪音对
海洋生物的影响，C正确。
P1:小丑鱼需要珊瑚礁发出的微弱噪音回家
P2:噪音影响了小丑鱼在内的众多海洋生物
P3:一些海洋动物会被迫加入种群竞争，导致数量减少
P4:噪音是一个可控的污染源。
分析题目：圈设问关键点
定位原文
对比选项
总结回顾
Step 1：___________，获取信息
Step 2：分析题目，___________，____________。
解题步骤
浏览全文
定位原文
设问类型：
词义猜测
标题归纳
段落大意
What, the best title
What,Paragraph X,mainly talk about
What，the underlined word，mean
对比选项
词义/短语猜测
(1)What does"out of it"most probably mean in Chinese (河南 2020.31)
(2)The underlined word “calming” has the closest meaning to “_____”. (河南 2016.54)
(3)What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “adapt to”
in the passage （河北 2016.64）
拓展
02 语篇研读
P1：Clownfish depend on the small noises that a healthy reef lets out to find their way back.
P2：Clownfish are not the only ones to suffer. Many sea animals depend on their ability to hear for their survival.
P4：Luckily, the noise is a controllable pollutant.
主题内容（What）
①What do Paragraph1，2 and 4 mainly talk about
段落大意
对于段落大意题，中考考试中，还可能会针对某一特定段落的段落
大意进行提问，比如：
What does the last paragraph mainly talk about (河南 2022.33)
Which paragraphs tell what sleepwalkers do (河南 2020.33)
What is the main idea of paragraph 2？(贵阳 2021.23)
主旨大意
主旨大意题还有可能这么问：
What does the text/passage（mainly）tell us？（河南 2017.60）
What is the text mainly about (河南 2016.55)
What is the main idea of this passage （河北 2016.65）
②What does the text mainly talk about
Human-made noises do great harm to sea animals.
③In which part of a magazine can you read the text
文章主要介绍人类制造的噪音对海洋动物生存状况的影响，所以应该是在杂志的“自然Nature”版块可以读到。
你可以在杂志的哪个版块读到这篇文章？
常见的版块有Health（健康），Life（生活），Travel（旅游），Sports（体育），Science（科学），Music（音乐），Culture（文化）...
对于文章主题推断题，还可能有的设问形式：You may read the passage in the _______ section of a newspaper. (云南2022.54)
文章主题
语篇目的（Why）
What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
作者写这篇文章的意图是什么？
作者意图
作者主要介绍了人类制造的噪音对海洋动物生存状况的影响，以及解决噪音污染的现有举措、未来可能实施的措施。呼吁人们重视由人类活动引起的噪音污染问题，保护海洋动物，爱护海洋环境。
①从这篇文章中，我们可以了解到一些海洋动物的特征与生活环境，比如：小丑鱼喜欢生活在珊瑚礁里，但它们在出生后的头几个月里，是在大海中“游荡”的。那时候的小丑鱼宝宝还不是橙色的，甚至不会游泳。等到它们长大了，它们才会依靠珊瑚礁发出的微弱噪音来找到它们回家的路。还有，许多海洋动物是依靠它们的听觉能力来生存的，它们通过声音来感知环境和进行交流，比如：鲸鱼，海豚，蟾鱼。万物有灵，我们应该尊重生命，热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生。
②从文中，我们还可以了解到，船只、快艇、能源勘探平台甚至冲浪等人类活动都会造成噪音污染。但幸运的是，噪音污染是可控的，目前也已经有了一些解决方案，比如：风力发电的船、改变运输路线等。生物学家们也在呼吁制定更严格的规则。提醒我们关注环境保护知识，了解环境污染及其原因。从我做起，保护环境。
结构语言——写作手法剖析（How）
①What is the structure(结构) of the passage
文章结构
solutions
Clownfish：small noises from a healthy coral reef to find their way home
Noises cause sea animals’ populations to decline.
Many sea animals：ability to hear for their survival
同学们可以关注一下文章结构、说明顺序，自己写作文的时候会用到哦~
文章第一段讲述小丑鱼需要珊瑚礁发出的微弱噪音回家；第二段讲述人类制造的噪音影响了小丑鱼在内的众多依赖听力来生存的海洋生物；第三段讲述尽管有一些海洋动物靠游泳远离噪音，但为了获得资源，也会被迫加入种群竞争，导致数量减少；第四段讲述控制噪音污染的有效方法。
从第一段到最后一段的内容，可见本文的文章结构是“递进式”。说明对象上，从部分（小丑鱼）拓展至整体（海洋动物）；说明结构上，从介绍海洋动物依赖听觉能力来生存，到一些海洋动物搬家后被迫加入无噪音污染地区的资源竞争，进而导致数量减少。层层递进，将噪音对海洋动物的影响剖析透彻。
②In which order is the passage written
逻辑 Logical order
写作顺序
这篇文章是按什么顺序写成的？
时间
空间
结构语言——语言赏析（How）
P1：but, they, in the first few months after they are born, when+时间
状语从句, however, instead；spend their entire lives, wander, big enough to swim, hurry home, depend on, find their way back, yet, even
赏析：①在进行句内、句际衔接时，作者使用了并列连词“but”，代词“they”，介词短语套after引导的时间状语从句，when引导的时间状语从句，副词“however”“instead”；在介绍小丑鱼的生活习性时，使用了“spend their entire lives”“wander”“big enough to swim”“hurry home”“depend on”“find their way back”。这些动词（词组）简洁而准确，将小丑鱼的生活习性生动地描述出来了。在介绍小丑鱼宝宝的特征时，使用了副词“yet”“even”，体现了小丑鱼宝宝与成年小丑鱼的对比。
同学们觉得这些词好在哪里呢？
P1还有哪些词你认为用得好呢？
P2：But, have made the ocean an unbearably noisy place, louder than the natural ones, in the case of, not the only ones to suffer, ability to hear for their survival
赏析：②在进行段间衔接时，作者在P2段首使用了“But”。因人类活动对海洋的影响已经产生了，所以此处使用了现在完成时“have made”。在描述人类活动对海洋的影响程度时，使用了“an unbearably noisy place”。另外，还使用了比较级“louder than the natural ones”进行对比。为了在具体案例中解释上述现象，使用了“in the case of”。在准备过渡到其他海洋动物时，使用了“not the only ones to suffer”。在介绍听觉能力对海洋动物意味着生存的时候，使用了“ability to hear for their survival”。
同学们觉得这些词好在哪里呢？
P2还有哪些词你认为用得好呢？
P3： for example，like，be left helpless，move away from these noises to quieter places，be then forced to，over time, start to decline
赏析:③在举例时，使用了不同的表达“for example”“like”。在介绍海参行动缓慢，无法游离噪音污染严重的地方时，使用了“be left helpless”，更能让读者体会到这些海洋动物的无助感。在介绍受到噪音影响后，动物们逃离的情况时，使用了“move away from these noises to quieter places”，有出发地、目的地，也有目的地的特点“quieter ”。在介绍动物们搬家后的情况时，使用了“be then forced to”“over time”“ start to decline”，点明了噪音污染对海洋动物们的最终影响。
P4：luckily, already, also, are calling for stricter rules
赏析:④在介绍噪音污染目前已经存在一些解决方法时，使用了副词“luckily”“already”“also”。在介绍生物学家们现在也在呼吁一些更严格的规则时候，使用了“are calling for stricter rules”，体现了人们对噪音污染问题的持续关注。
结构语言——长难句分析（How）
先行词
译文：相反，它们依靠健康的珊瑚礁发出的微弱噪音来找到回家的路。
that指代“the small noises”
定语从句
1. Instead, they depend on the small noises that a healthy reef lets out to find their way back.
句子主干：主谓宾
不定式作目的状语
2. We know exactly what causes the noise, we know where it is and we know how to stop it.
1.We know exactly [what causes the noise]
2.we know[where it is]
3.we know[how to stop it]
译文：我们确切地知道是什么导致了噪音，我们知道噪音在哪里，我们知道如何阻止噪音。
宾语从句
从句使用陈述句语序
或连接词+to do
03 阅读理解D
解题步骤
Step 1：浏览全文，掌握文章内容、结构、设空位置
设空位置 段首 段中 段尾
1 3 1
共5空
Step 2：分析选项
A.Over time, their populations start to decline.
B.Dolphins call one another by unique names.
C.These noises are often louder than the natural ones.
D.Luckily, the noise is a controllable pollutant.
E.They are not yet orange and can't even swim.
话题：海豚行为
话题：噪音比较
话题：可控污染
话题：生理特征
话题：数量减少
A.随着时间的推移，它们的数量开始下降。
B.海豚用独特的名字互相称呼。
C.这些噪音通常比自然噪音大。
D.幸运的是，噪音是可控的污染物。
E.他们还没有变成橙色，甚至不会游泳。
Step 3：关注信息段、比对备选项，选择答案
①Clownfish（小丑鱼）like to live in coral reefs（珊瑚礁），but they don't spend their entire lives there. In the first few months after they are born，they“wander（游荡）”in the open sea. The fish are very small. 1._____ When the baby clownfish grow big enough to swim, they hurry home. ...
A. Over time, their populations start to decline.
B. Dolphins call one another by unique names.
C. These noises are often louder than the natural ones.
D. Luckily, the noise is a controllable pollutant.
E. They are not yet orange and can't even swim.
空处内容与swim有关。
看选项
代入E，讨论小丑鱼宝宝的相关情况，符合文意，故选E。
同词复现
E
②But humans—and their ships, speedboats, energy exploration platforms and even surfing—have made the ocean an unbearably noisy place. 2._____ In the case of baby clownfish, they make them unable to find their way home. Clownfish are not the only ones to suffer. Beneath the waves, there is little light. Sounds, however, travel very far. Many sea animals depend on their ability to hear for their survival. They use sounds to sense their environment and to communicate. 3._____ Toadfish hum. Whales sing.
A. Over time, their populations start to decline.
B. Dolphins call one another by unique names.
C. These noises are often louder than the natural ones.
D. Luckily, the noise is a controllable pollutant.
E. They are not yet orange and can't even swim.
看选项
C对比
D陈述
污染事实
C
派生词
照应
看选项
代入B，符合交流的具体
方式
B
同畴词复现
对小丑鱼坏的影响，D中的Luckily不符
A. Over time, their populations start to decline.
B. Dolphins call one another by unique names.
C. These noises are often louder than the natural ones.
D. Luckily, the noise is a controllable pollutant.
E. They are not yet orange and can't even swim.
③Many sea animals swim away from the noises. Whales, for example, can learn to avoid busy shipping routes. But slow-moving animals like sea cucumbers（海参）are left helpless. In some places, human-made noises are everywhere. Animals have to permanently（永久地）move away from these noises to quieter places. They are then forced to compete against others for the same pools of resources. 4._____
选项剩余A、D
被迫卷入资源竞争，导致数量减少。故选A。
A
因果关系
A. Over time, their populations start to decline.
B. Dolphins call one another by unique names.
C. These noises are often louder than the natural ones.
D. Luckily, the noise is a controllable pollutant.
E. They are not yet orange and can't even swim.
噪音污染有一定的解决方法，故选D。
D
结合与前/
后文关系推断
④5._____ "We know exactly what causes the noise, we know where it is and we know how to stop it," said Steve Simpson, a biologist in England. Many solutions to this problem already exist. Wind-powered boats have been developed. Shipping routes can also be moved away from certain areas. Researchers are calling for stricter rules. "We have noise standards for cars and trucks," said Carlos Duarte, another biologist. "Why should we not have them for ships "
同学们补齐5处答案后，进行Step 4: 代入复核
总结回顾
Step 1：浏览全文，掌握文章内容、结构、___________
Step 2：分析______
Step 3：关注信息段、______________，选择答案
Step 4： 代入______
解题步骤
设空位置
比对备选项
选项
复核
微技能
上下文关系
结合与前/后文关系推断
5题
搜寻关键词
同词复现 1题：swim
逻辑关系
派生词照应 2题：“noisy”照应“noise”
同畴词复现 3题：Dolphins 与
Toadfish, Whales
因果关系
4题
04 作文缩写
请同学们根据以下提示，缩写“人类噪音如何影响海洋动物”这篇文章。
关键词：
ability to hear for survival, noisy place, move away, compete against others for, decline, solutions
词数：
100个左右
可以使用语篇研读部分的文章结构、要点表达、逻辑连接词语哦~
①Many sea animals, like clownfish, whales and dolphins, depend on their ability to hear for survival. They use sounds to sense their environment and to communicate. However, humans have made the ocean a very noisy place. To avoid these noises, sea animals have to move away to quieter places, where they are forced to compete against others for the same pools of resources. As a result, the populations of these sea animals’ start to decline over time.
②Luckily, there have already been some solutions to this problem, such as wind-powered ships and changing shipping routes. Besides, biologists are also calling for stricter rules for ships.
How human noises influence sea animals
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