2024年人教版中考英语题型解题及技巧 讲义

完形填空
一、固定搭配法
【技巧点拨】
英语中有很多固定搭配,常见的有:动词与介词搭配、动词与副词搭配、动词与名词搭配、名词与介词搭配、形容词与介词搭配等。有些完形填空题的设空处与前后词语可以构成这些搭配。我们可以使用这种方法解答完形填空题，这就是固定搭配法。
我们在做题时可以留意设空前后的词语是否能和设空处构成固定搭配。如果是，可以根据固定搭配确定答案。填词完毕后也要注意句意是否通顺、连贯。
【典例链接】
[2023河北定州质检] Hi，I'm Li Ming. I am from Xingtai. Now I am in Baoding.I am fourteen years old. I am a student in No.2 Middle School.My teachers and classmates are nice to me.Our school is very big.It is very beautiful, too. Welcome 35 our school.
35. A. at B.in C. for D. to
解析：句意为:欢迎来到我们学校。表示“欢迎来到……”用短语 welcome to,这是固定搭配,所以这里用介词 to。答案：D。
【解题贴士】
完形填空题是篇章理解类试题，所以我们在解答完形填空时,不要只看一个空,然后就去看后面的选项,而是要通篇阅读,前后联系,根据上下文意确定答案。
二、词语复现法
【技巧点拨】
词语复现指的是某一词语以原词、同义词、概括词、反义词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇通过这种复现达到了内容的衔接和意义的连贯完整。
解题时要重点阅读设空前后的句子，若某选项与文中的已知词汇有同义、反义等关系，那么该选项很可能是正确答案。
【中考链接】
[2022 湖北鄂州中考] Dealing with a nosebleed(鼻出血)might seem simple. But recently,the British RED Cross asked parents with young children how to help a child with a nosebleed. About 65 percent of parents did not choose the correct action to help.
Learning what to do if a little one has a nosebleed will help you deal with the situation quickly and calmly. Here, Claire shares the story of how she helped her daughter when her 33 was bleeding.
A.tooth B.ear C.mouth D. nose
答案 D
解析：空前出现了三次 nosebleed，所以空处所在句应该是说克莱尔分享了她在女儿鼻子流血时如何帮助她的故事。故选D项。
【解题贴士】
我们在做完形填空题的时候，最好采用“四步法”。第一，快速阅读全文，了解文章大意；第二，根据文意初步确定答案；第三，通过上下文和语法知识判断部分题目；第四，复读短文，确定所选词语符合文意。
三、语境推断法
【技巧点拨】
语境推断是指根据上下文身临其境地感受作者的情感态度,推断出符合场景的最佳选项。一般可分为根据上文推断下文或根据下文推断上文。
由于完形填空主要考查对语篇的理解能力，故设空之间多有暗示(后文暗示前文的居多)。在做题时,一定要联系上下文,辨析所给选项,从中选出最符合语境的选项。
【中考链接】
[2022 湖南永州中考·改编]My love for cooking was something that happened very early in my life. Slowly but surely. I didn’t think I would work as a cook, but it happens that it has become my job.
My mother and my father were very important to my development as a cook. I have three brothers, and we would always help in the 49 setting the table, taking the dishes to the dishwasher and helping my mom.
49. A.yard B. garden C. kitchen
解析：联系空后的“setting the table， taking the dishes to the dishwasher and helping my mom”可知应该是在厨房帮忙。答案：C。
【解题贴士】
完形填空题所给的选项多是词性相同的词语或同类型的短语。我们在解题前要弄清所给选项的含义,并且要知道它们之间的区别。
四、逻辑关系法
【技巧点拨】
逻辑关系指文章中的词与词、词与句子、句子与句子、句子与段落、段落与文章之间的关系结构。文章是否连贯、脉络是否清晰，表示逻辑关系的词语起着重要作用。把握好逻辑关系能帮助我们更好地理解全文。常见的表示逻辑关系的词语有：
表顺序：first，second，third
表原因：because，since，as
表结果：so，as a result
表转折：however，but，though，yet
表补充：also，what’s more
表时间顺序：when，while，as，after，before，since，until，as soon as
表条件：if，unless，as long as
【中考链接】
[2022湖北仙桃中考 改编] Penny’s family was very poor，.Her father was a sailor(水手).He earned very little money and was always away from home.Her mother could not work 37 she was often sick.One day,Penny's mother said to Penny,"Our lamp (灯)is broken.Go to the market on your way home from school and buy another one.Here’s sixty dollars.Try to get a bargain(讨价还价)，dear.”
37.A so B.when C.until D.because
解析：空处所在句句意为：她的母亲不能工作，因为她经常生病。so意为“因此；所以”；when意为“当…时候”；until意为“直到”；because意为“因为”。母亲经常生病是她不能工作的原因，所以用连词because。
【解题贴士】
在解答完形填空时，对没有把握的题目，不要着急猜测答案，我们可以尝试排除法。也就是从排除干扰项开始来逐步缩小正确答案的范围，最后剩下的就是把握最大的答案。我们不能用这种方法解决所有题目，只有对个别没有把握的题目才能这样做。
五、生活常识法
【技巧点拨】
我们在解答完形填空题时，有时根据文章中提供的信息不能得出正确答案。这时我们可以利用自己掌握的文化背景和生活常识，找出并理解文章的大意和主题,然后结合上下文和这些生活常识得出正确答案。这种解答完形填空的方法为生活常识法。
【典例链接】
[2023河南信阳期中]I’m Carla.I’m from England. Now I want to tell you something about my school life. In our country,school is from Monday to Friday. It usually begins at nine o’clock in the morning. First, we go to our class teacher for registration(登记).Then we go to the 26 to have our lessons. Each class lasts for forty-five minutes. There is a break of about twenty minutes in the morning.
26. A. library B.classroom C.office D.restaurant
解析：由生活常识可知,上课应该去教室,所以这里用名词classroom。答案：B。
【解题贴士】
在解答完形填空题时，我们在将题目全部完成后一定要将所选选项代入文章中进行阅读，看一看是否通顺。这种通过语感判定答案的方式有时会起到事半功倍的作用。当然，通过语感确定答案后,我们一定要结合所学知识进行分析，对所选答案进行推敲和判断。
阅读理解
一、细节理解题
【技巧点拨】
细节理解题是指通过阅读和寻找文章中的事实,结合所给选项确定答案。这类试题的设问句多用what，who，which，when，where，how，why等疑问词。
在解答细节理解题时，我们一定要忠于原文，在原文中找到相应的词、短语、句子或段落，然后通过对比分析并结合所给选项得出正确答案。
【典例链接】
[2023浙江台州调研]Many students in my class like animals. Judy likes pandas and she wants to work in a zoo in China.Lily likes zebras. She has many pictures of zebras in her bedroom. William
likes monkeys. He thinks they are clever.What about Emily Oh, she likes elephants and she wants to go to Africa to see them!
34. What does Lily have
A. Books about pandas. B. Books about monkeys. C.Pictures of zebras. D.Pictures of elephants.
解析：根据“Lily likes zebras. She has many pictures of zebras in her bedroom.”可知，莉莉有许多斑马的照片。答案：C。
【解题贴士】
我们在解答细节理解题时,一定要学会找关键词。关键词可出现在某个段落中，也可能在每个段落都有关键词。找出这些关键词语并结合题目和选项，一般能直接得到答案。
二、推理判断题
【技巧点拨】
推理判断题要求我们通过文章字里行间的信息推测深层次的意思以及对文章情节发展作出合理推断。
在解答这类题目时，首先要理解文章的字面意思，弄清上下文的整体逻辑；其次，在阅读过程中要注意作者遣词造句中的深层次含义；第三，要通读题干，充分了解题目要求我们进行推理和判断的内容；最后，仔细挖掘作者隐藏在文章中的一些重要线索，切勿用自己的主观判断来代替文章内容。
【中考链接】
[2022江苏无锡中考·改编] Studying is not always the most interesting task within your day,but it is a necessary one.Even though it is required,everyone has got bored at one time or another while studying.Although this is a common problem,here are some tips for you to keep boredom away while you are studying.Find a suitable place to study.
Make sure you are in a place that is free of distractions (使人分心的事物). Distractions will actually cause you to become more bored because you are reminded of the things you could be doing other than studying
28.Which part of a magazine is the passage most probably taken from
A.Study. B.Health. C.Science D.Culture.
答案 A
解析：根据“Although this is a common problem,here are some tips for you to keep boredom away while you are studying.”可知，此文与学习建议有关，因此最有可能出现在杂志的“学习”部分。
【解题贴士】
在做推理判断题时要注意以下关键信息：
1.逻辑上出现转承关系的句子（包括转折、因果、递进，即有but,however,in short,anyway,all in all等词语的句子)。
2.有明确表示观点的词(think,believe, according to等)。
3.含有情态动词(should,must等)的句子。
4.含有特殊标点（冒号、破折号、引号、分号等）的句子。
5.特殊句型（疑问句、倒装句、强调句、省略句等)。
这些信息前后的句子一般是我们进行推理的依据。
三、代词指代题
【技巧点拨】
代词指代题是阅读理解中常见的试题，这类试题要求同学们根据上下文推测代词 it，he， she, they,them, this, that,these，those 等在文中指代的内容。
解答这类试题时,我们首先要在代词的所在句或上下文中寻找代词所指代的名词、名词性短语或句子,然后将其替换到代词所在的句子中，替换之后如果句意符合逻辑、语句通顺,则为正确答案。
【典例链接】
[2023福建三明质检]I’m Li Hua. Today is my grandpa's birthday. We are all at his home.We are getting ready for his birthday party. My parents are cooking delicious food in the kitchen.I am cleaning the rooms. My cousin is putting the food on the table. Where is my grandpa Oh, he is playing games with my little brother. How happy he is!
41.What does the underlined word“he” in Paragraph 2 refer to(指代)
A.Li Hua's mother. B.Li Hua's cousin. C.Li Hua's brother. D. Li Hua's grandpa.
解析:根据前一句“Where is my grandpa ”可知画线词指代 my grandpa，也就是Li Hua's grandpa。答案:D
【解题贴士】
一篇阅读文章中，其内容包括重点与非重点，一般重点内容是考点，而非重点内容不设题考查。首尾段、首尾句是重点，关乎全文主旨。转折之后是重点。重复的内容是重点（要会识别同义改写的重复性内容)。如果文中出现时间对比（用于表现某一事物的前后差异和发展过程，过去与现在发生的事情往往是截然相反的状态)，“现在”的内容往往是重点。
四、主旨大意题
【技巧点拨】
主旨大意题主要考查我们把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力,也包含分析归纳文章段落大意、全文大意、文章标题等。
一般来说,文章的主旨句或标题要简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容,文章或段落的其他句子都是对主旨句的进一步解释、说明和拓展。主旨句通常位于段首、段尾,也可能位于段中。我们在解答这类题目时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,需要在理解全文的基础上进行总结归纳。
【中考链接】
[2022贵州铜仁中考]As a traditional and meaningful board game, Weiqi was invented in China more than 2,500 years ago and it is still played until today.
The playing pieces are called stones. One player uses the white stones and the other, black. The players take turns to play the stones on the game board. As we know, the board surface has 361 cross points. The stones are placed on them.
Weiqi is also called Go in the world. Learning it can not only improve people's logical thinking ability, but it can also develop their calm character. That's why it is more and more popular with modern people.
In the Sui and Tang Dynasties,Weiqi traveled to Japan, and then to Europe in the 19th century. Now it has grown into an international competition event. So far, people from over 40 countries have played it. Among them, players from China, Japan and South Korea have the highest level of Weiqi.
On February 19,Chinese-English Dictionary of Weiqi Terms(术语)came out in Beijing. It’s the first professional dictionary about Weiqi in China. As a symbol of Chinese culture, Weiqi has its special language. It also has its own way of thinking and the method of communicating. The dictionary will serve as a necessary tool and bridge for spreading Weiqi culture.
65. What is the best title of the passage
A.The History of Weiqi B.The Development of Weiqi
C.An Introduction of Weiqi D. The Methods of Playing Weiqi
解析：本文主要介绍了中国围棋及其发展,C选项(对围棋的介绍)概括最为全面。答案：C。
【解题贴士】
文章的中心思想常常由主题句来表达。一般来说，主题句常是文章的第一句或位于文章的第一段,用来交代全文所要说明的问题,同时引出后面的段落,进行展开和解释。有时主题句也出现在文章的中间段或末尾,由全文展开讨论后归纳总结出来。
五、词义猜测题
【技巧点拨】
在考试中,有些题目要求我们猜测文章中画线词语的意思,且选项中的内容可以是英语,也可以是汉语。
做此类题时应注意画线词语后面的定语从句或有标志意义的标点符号,如逗号、破折号、引号或括号;也要注意类似 for example，such as等提示词(短语)。这些提示词(短语)前后的词语往往就是画线词语的意思。
【中考链接】
[2022 河北中考]Losing is not very disgraceful. We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it. Remember that it can be helpful. Take action to walk out of it. When we lose, think about what we did and how we can improve. If someone else can help, we'll be lucky enough. Maybe he or she has been through the same experience before. Many people enjoy helping others solve problems. This can save us a lot of time in learning how to avoid the same mistakes in the future.
63. What does the underlined word “disgraceful”probably mean
A. Bad. B. Personal. C. Dangerous. D. Interesting.
解析题干意为:画线词“disgraceful”的意思可能是什么 由后两句可知,失败不是一件坏事。答案：A。
【解题贴士】
一篇完整的文章是由论点和论据组成的。论据支持论点,细节服从主旨。所以,当你对问题犹豫不决时,要遵循“细节服从主旨”的原则，哪个选项与主旨大意最接近,就最可能是最佳答案。
六、因果关系法
【技巧点拨】
因果关系主要指前后句子有着原因和结果的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。通过因果关系法同学们可以找出事情发生的原因或产生的结果。
我们在解答这类试题时要注意表示因果关系的词和短语：because(因为)、so(所以)、as a result (结果是)、thus/ therefore(因此)。看到这些词和短语后，结合这些词和短语所在句和前后句的关系，得出正确答案。
【中考链接】
[2022湖北宜昌中考·改编] The brush pen,one of the“Four Treasures of the Study",was invented thousands of years ago.However,the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamboo.It was difficult for people to write well on thin silk.
It is said that Meng Tian,a general of the Kingdom (王国) Qin, improved the pen.When Meng was leading an army to fight against the Kingdom of Chu, he had to report the situation to his king in time.But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble,so he was thinking of ways to improve it.
31.Why did Meng Tian want to improve the pen
A.Because the king asked him to do so.
B.Because he wanted to be an inventor.
C.Because he didn't have silk to write on.
D.Because the pen brought him much trouble.
答案：D
解析：根据“But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble,so he was thinking of ways to improve it.”可知，蒙恬想改进毛笔是因为当时的笔给他带来很多麻烦。
【解题贴士】
如果文中出现“大多数人都认为”或“大家普遍接受某一观点”之类的表达，重点在于作者的观点，而且作者的观点往往与之相反，属于“少数派”。干扰项往往有一个大众观点，用常识误导学生，这时同学们一定要辨别清楚。
回答问题
一． who/whom引导的疑问句询问人物
some students are now thinking about inviting their teachers to join them in their daily runs.（2022广东为节选）
80.Who will some students invite to join in their daily runs
【答案解析】本题考查who引导的特殊疑问句，由“Some students are now thinking about inviting their teachers to join them in their daily runs.。”可知，学生是想邀请他们的老师参加。可用完整句子或人物身份或姓名来回答，即：Some students/They will invite their teachers to join in their daily runs./Their teachers.
【考点聚焦】who/whom引导的疑问句询问人物，可用完整句子回答，也可用人物身份或姓名简答。
二． where引导的疑问句询问地点
They posted a list of daily happenings at public squares in the cities..(2021广东节选)
77.Where did ancient Romans post a list of daily happenings
【答案解析】本题考查where引导的特殊疑问句，由“They posted a list of daily happenings at public squares in the cities.。”可知，古罗马人将日常事务清单公布在城市的广场里。可用完整句子或地点来回答，即：Ancient Romans/They posted a list of daily happenings at public squares in the cities./At public squares in the cities.
【考点聚焦】where引导的疑问句询问地点，可用完整句子回答，也可用地点简答（注意地点名词
前面的介词不可丢)。
三． when引导的疑问句询问时间
In the sixteenth century,the first real newspapers appeared.(202l广东节选)
79.When did the first real newspapers appear
【答案解析】本题考查when引导的特殊疑问句，由"In the sixteenth century,the first real newspapers
appeared.”可知，第一份真正的报纸出现在l6世纪。可用完整句子或时间来回答，即：In the sixteenth/16th century,the first real newspapers appeared./In the sixteenth/16th century.
【考点聚焦】when 引导的疑问句询问时间，可用完整句子回答，也可用时间简答（注意时间名词
前面的介词不可丢)。
四． how引导的疑问句询问方式
We can become some kind of reporters by posting online what happens around us..(202l广东节选)
80.How can we become some kind of reporters now
【答案解析】本题考查how引导的特殊疑问句，由“We can become some kind of reporters by posting online what happens around us.。”可知，通过将身边发生的事情发布到网络上我们也可以成为记者。可用完整句子或by doing sth.。来回答，即：We can become some kind of reporters by posting online what happens around us./ By posting online what happens around us.
【考点聚焦】how引导的疑问句询问方式，可用完整句子回答，也可用by doing sth.或with sth.等简答。
五． what引导的疑问句询问事物或事件
Dr.Yang has been doing research on sports and sleep for years. (2022广东节选)
77.What is Dr.Yang's research about
【答案解析】本题考查what引导的询问事物的特殊疑问句，由“Dr.Yang has been doing research on sports and sleep for years.。”可知，杨医生的研究是关于运动和睡眠的。可用完整句子或名词回答，即：Dr.Yang's research is about sports and sleep./Sports and sleep.
Dr.Yang himself gets up at6:30a.m.Then he usually takes a walk outside.(2022广东节选)
78.What does Dr.Yang usually do after he gets up
【答案解析】本题考查what引导的询问事件的特殊疑问句，由“Then he usually takes a walk outside.”可知，杨医生起床后通常在户外散步。询问事件通常用完整句子回答，保持语义完整，即Dr.Yang/He usually takes a walk outside (after he gets up)
【考点聚焦】what引导的疑问句询问事物时，可用完整句子回答，也可用名词或名词性短语等简答；询问事件时通常用完整句子回答，保持语义完整。
六． how often引导的疑问句询问频次
Many schools put Dr.Yang's findings into practice.They made it a rule that students should do outdoor exercise once or twice a day.(2022广东节选)
79.How often do students do outdoor exercise in many schools
【答案解析】本题考查how often引导的特殊疑问句，由“students should do outdoor exercise once or twice a day”可知，很多学校的学生通常每天做一到两次户外运动。可用完整句子或频率词回答，即：Students do outdoor exercise once or twice a day in many schools../Once or twice a day
七．选择疑问句
Dr.Yang,a famous sleep doctor,advises people to do outdoor exercise for at least 30 minutes a day in the daytime.(2022广东节选)
76.According to Dr.Yang,when is it better to exercise,in the day or at night
【答案解析】本题考查when引导的选择疑问句。由“Dr.Yang，a famous sleep doctor，advises people to do outdoor exercise for at least30 minutes a day in the daytime.”可知，杨医生建议在白天 运动。可用完整句子或正确的选项回答，即：According to Dr.Yang，it is better to exercise in the day.In the day.
【考点聚焦】选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，而是根据实际情况作答，可用完整句子回答，也可用正确的选项简答。