2023——2024学年度下学期开学检测
英语试题
(满分：150分 时间：120分钟)
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Great holidays in Europe!
Do you like the beach but want a bit more
Then come on an Active Beach holiday atone of our centers in Greece, Turkey or Croatia.All the centers are near beautiful beaches and all offer sailing, wind surfing or water skiing with our excellent instructors. For achange from the water, you can also book a short trip to a nearby village and visit the colorful markets or eat in a local restaurant. Atthe end of the day, relax in your hotel room or dance the night away at one of our open-air clubs.
Who was King Arthur Where did he live
Join us on a five-day UK Road Trip holiday.Imagine life hundreds of years ago as we visit ancient Stonehenge, Roman Bath and TintagelCastle, the home of King Arthur. Learn the historyof these interesting places from your guide as you travel in one of our famous blue coaches. In the evenings we stop at some of the best youth hostels in the country. They have everything you need ,you don 't even need to pack a sleeping bag!
Are you bored with the usual holidays Do you want to do something you really enjoy
Then Fame Camp is for you! Spend a week at Hightree House in Yorkshire and learn how to play the piano, violin and guitar! Bring your tentand stay at a campsite near the house. At the end of the week try your new skills in a live performance .
How many countries can you see in 21days
On our Explore Europe holiday, you can see ten! Learn about them from our best guides as you watch them go past from the window of an air-conditioned coach and stay at some of Europe's top campsites on the way. Of course,we’ll also have time to do the important things such as visiting the Eiffel Tower in Paris, the. historic Sistine Chapel in Vatican and eating apple trudеl n V еnnа.
For more information about any of these holidays, call 0845 333 4523 or visit .
21. Tourists who go on an Active Beach holiday.
A. can do some water sports
B. can cook by themselves
C. will enjoy an open-air concert
D. should bring their own sleeping bags
22. If you want to know more about Tintagel Castle, which holiday should you take
A. Fame Camp. B. Active Beach.
C. UK Road Trip. D. Explore Europe.
23. What can we learn about Explore Europe
A. It lasts 10 days. B. It is a coach tour.
C. It is a self-guided tour. D. It goes past 21 countries.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文，短文向游客介绍了欧洲假日旅游的相关信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。由Do you like the beach but want a bit more 中的“Then come on an Active Beach holiday at one of our centers in Greece, Turkey or Croatia. All the centers are near beautiful beaches and all offer sailing, windsurfing or waterskiing with our excellent instructors”可知，我们在希腊、土耳其或克罗地亚的中心之一有一个名为“活跃的海滩”的假日。所有的中心都靠近美丽的海滩，所有的中心都提供帆船、风帆冲浪或滑水并配有优秀的教练。所以去 Active Beach度假的游客能做一些水上运动。故A选项正确。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。由Who was King Arthur Where did he live 中的“Join us on a five-day UK Road Trip holiday. Imagine life hundreds of years ago as we visit ancient Stonehenge, Roman Bath and Tintagel Castle, the home of King Arthur.”可知，参加我们为期五天的“英国公路旅行”假期。当我们参观古老的巨石阵，罗马浴场和塔格尔城堡，亚瑟王的故乡，想象一下几百年前的生活。所以如果你想更多地了解廷塔格尔城堡，你应该选择UK Road Trip。故C选项正确。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。由How many countries can you see in 21days 中的“On our Explore Europe holiday, you can see ten! Learn about them from our best guides as you watch them go past from the window of an air-conditioned coach and stay at some of Europe's top campsites on the way”在我们的“欧洲探险”假期期间，你可以看到十个不同的地方。可以从我们最好的向导那里了解它们，你可以从空调车厢的窗口看到它们，也可以途中停留在一些欧洲顶级的露营地去了解它们。关于Explore Europe我们能学到，它是成游览车旅行旅行。故B选项正确。
B
As Wilson Guarin watched the helicopter flying above, he wondered if the men being lifted into the sky felt the risk had been worth it.
Moments earlier, Guarin and his children had hiked to Hermit Falls in Angeles National Forest, one of the most popular waterfalls in the Los Angeles area. Soon after they arrived, they saw a man injure his shoulder when he jumped into the rock pool at the base of Hermit Falls. Less than a minute later, another man jumped and appeared to break both his legs. Guarin said the cliff jumpers' purposes were obvious. They wanted to get a video of themselves and post it to social media.
A thirst among hikers, often inexperienced and under-prepared, to collect "likes" and shares on Instagram and other social media sites has led to a sharp increase in rescue missions by first responders.
The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department's Search and Rescue teams conducted 681 missions in 2017, the largest number in five years. It's a 38% increase from the 491 rescues they did in 2013.
The teams' leaders say the single largest factor for that increase is people posting videos of extreme activities online. Then, without any thought about the difficulty, others try to recreate their own 15-second version of glory.
On Instagram, posts from visitors making adventures in waterfalls and swimming holes in Angeles National Forest and other recreation areas show hikers changed into models, striking seemingly the same poses in the same places.
We shouldn't prevent people from enjoying the outdoors. But many accidents are avoidable and happen either when people go off trail or ignore official warnings about an area being closed and visit anyway.
Guarin still thinks about the two men he watched in helicopter rides sent to a hospital. "You get concerned about what people are willing to do—to not have fun. It's risking everything for no reason.
Well, there are the "likes".
24. What happened to the two jumpers
A. They both got badly injured. B. They were trapped in a rock pool.
C. They were caught in an air crash. D. They were rescued by the Guarins.
25. What do the figures imply in paragraph 4
A. More social rescues are timely and effective.
B. More attention is paid from the social media.
C. More public resources are clearly being occupied.
D. More people raise the awareness of self-defense.
26. What is the main reason for the increase in the number of rescues
A. Hikers are inexperienced and under-prepared.
B Helicopters are easily available in more areas.
C. Travelers go off trail or ignore official warnings.
D. More people share their extreme activities online.
27. What does Guarin think of the jumpers' action
A. It is not a wise thing to do. B. It is their own version of glory.
C. Watching it online is a lot of fun. D. Getting "likes" makes it worthwhile.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的人为了得到关注而在社交媒体上传自己的极限活动视频，由于不专业而在做极限活动时出现了很多事故，不仅占用公共搜救资源，也是一种很冒险的行为。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Soon after they arrived, they saw a man injure his shoulder when he jumped into the rock pool at the base of Hermit Falls. Less than a minute later, another man jumped and appeared to break both his legs.(他们到达之后不久，就看见一个人跳向隐士瀑布底部的潮水潭时肩膀受伤了。不到一分钟后，另一个人也跳了，似乎摔断了双腿)”可知，这两人都受伤严重。故选A项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段内容“The Los Angeles County Sheriff' s Department's Search and Rescue teams conducted 681 missions in 2017, the largest number in five years. It' s a 38% increase from the 491 rescues they did in 2013.(洛杉矶警局搜救队在2017年实施了681次救援，这是五年来最多的一次。比2013年491次救援增加了38%)”可推知，救援次数比以往增加了，因而占用了更多的公共资源。故选C项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“The teams' leaders say the single largest factor for that increase is people posting videos of extreme activities online.(救援队负责人表示，导致这种增长的最大因素是人们在网上发布极限运动的视频)”可知，越来越多的人在网上分享极限运动的视频导致更多的人参加极限运动，受伤的人数增多了，因而救援次数也增多了。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Guarin说的话“It's risking everything for no reason. Well, there are the "likes"(这种行为是毫无理由的拿着一切去冒险，能得到的只有“点赞”)”可知，Guarin认为仅仅是为了得到“点赞”就不顾一切的去冒险，这种行为是不明智的。故选A项。
【点睛】
C
If feels like every time my mother and I start to have a conversation，it turns into an argument．We talk about something as simple as dinner plans and suddenly，my mother will push the conversation into World War？She'll talk about my lack of a bright future because I don't plan to be a doctor．And much to her disappointment，I don't want to do any job related to science，either．In fact，when I was pushed to say that I planned to major （主修） in English and communications，she nearly had a heart attack．
"Why can't you be like my coworker's son？"she bemoans all the time．Her coworker's son received a four year scholarship and is now earning 70，000 dollars a year as an engineer．I don't know what to answer except that I simply can't be like Mr Perfect as I've called the unnamed coworker's son．I can't be like him．I'm the type of person who loves to help out in the community，write until the sun goes down，and most of all，wants to achieve a career because I love it，not because of fame （名声） or salary．
I understand why my mother is worried about my future major．I've seen my mother struggle to raise me on her small salary and work long hours．She leaves the house around 6：30 am and usually comes home around 5 pm or even 6 pm．However，I want her to know that by becoming a doctor，it doesn't mean I'll be successful．I'd rather follow my dreams and create my own future．
28. Which of the following topics do the writer and his mother often talk about？ ______
A. The writer's studies． B. The writer's future job．
C. Dinner plans． D. Wars around the world．
29. We can infer from Paragraph 1 that the writer's mother ______ ．
A doesn't want the writer to major in English
B. doesn't think the writer should be a doctor
C. gets along very well with the writer
D. doesn't think working in the science field is a good idea
30. The underlined word"bemoans"in Paragraph 2most probably means" ______ "．
A. agrees B. shouts
C. complains D. smiles
31. Which of the following statements is probably TRUE about the writer？ ______
A. He wants to be like his mother's coworker's son．
B. He wants to find a job in his community in the future．
C. He doesn't think his mother's coworker's son is perfect．
D. He wants to do something he really likes in the future．
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者和妈妈谈话时总是会将话题转到自己未来的职业上，他妈妈不想让他主修英语，而作者却想做他想做的事。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“ She'll talk about my lack of a bright future because I don't plan to be a doctor．”可知，她会谈论我缺乏光明的未来，因为我不打算成为一名医生。由此可知，作者和妈妈经常会谈论的是作者的未来工作。所以本题选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“In fact, when I was pushed to say that I planned to major(主修) in English and communications, she nearly had a heart attack.”事实上，当我说计划主修英语和交际时，她几乎得心脏病。由此判断吃，他妈妈不想让作者主修英语。所以本题选A。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前文“Why can't you be like my coworker's son？”你为什么不能像我同事的儿子那样呢？根据后文“Her coworker's son received a four year scholarship and is now earning 70，000 dollars a year as an engineer．”她同事的儿子获得了四年的奖学金，现在作为工程师每年能挣7万美元。可知作者的妈妈对于儿子不能像他同事的儿子一样，感到不满。所以本题选C。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一句I’d rather follow my dreams and create my own future.可知，作者非常理解妈妈的辛苦和不易，但是他想追求自己的梦想去做他真正喜欢的事情。所以本题选D。
D
For some people, the term “black box” brings to mind the recording devices in airplanes that are valuable for later analyses if the unthinkable happens. But black box is also an important term in the world of artificial intelligence. AI black boxes refer to Al systems with internal workings that are invisible to the user. You can feed them input and get output, but you cannot examine the system’s logic that produced the output.
Machine learning is the main aspect of artificial intelligence. It is the basic of AI systems like ChatGPT. There are three parts to machine learning: an algorithm (算法) or a set of algorithms, training data and a model. An algorithm is a set of procedures. In machine learning, an algorithm learns to identify patterns after being trained on a large set of examples — the training data. Once a machine-learning algorithm has been trained, the result is a machine-learning model. The model is what people use. Any of the three parts of a machine-learning system can be hidden, or in a black box. So to protect their intellectual property, Al developers often put the model in a black box.
The opposite of a black box is sometimes referred to as a glass box. An Al glass box is a system whose algorithms, training data and model are all available for anyone to see.
In many cases, there is a good reason to be careful of black box machine-learning algorithms and models. Suppose a machine-learning model has made a diagnosis about your health. Would you want the model to be in a black box or a glass box
For years, many people in the computing field thought that keeping software in a black box would prevent hackers (黑客) from examining it and therefore it would be secure. This assumption has largely been proved wrong because hackers can reverse (逆向)-engineer software and discover vulnerabilities to make use of. If software is in a glass box, then software testers and well-intentioned hackers can examine it and inform the creators of disadvantages, thereby reducing cyberattacks.
32. Why does the author mention “black box” in airplanes in the first paragraph
A. To explain a rule. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To present a fact. D. To define a concept.
33. What’s the value of the AI black boxes
A. Warning the hackers.
B. Recording important data.
C. Reducing internet crimes.
D. Protecting software systems.
34. What does the underlined word “vulnerabilities” mean in the last paragraph
A. Possibilities. B. Flexibilities.
C. Weaknesses. D. Advantages.
35. What is the author’s attitude towards the AI boxes
A. Objective. B. Doubtful. C. Indifferent. D. Approving.
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能中的黑匣子概念。同时文章还提到了黑匣子的安全性问题，黑客可以通过逆向工程来发现漏洞，而玻璃盒可以减少网络攻击。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“But black box is also an important term in the world of artificial intelligence. AI black boxes refer to Al systems with internal workings that are invisible to the user. You can feed them input and get output, but you cannot examine the system’s logic that produced the output.( 但是黑匣子在人工智能领域也是一个重要的术语。人工智能黑匣子指的是具有用户不可见的内部工作原理的人工智能系统。你可以向它们提供输入并获得输出，但是你不能检查产生输出的系统逻辑。)”以及第二段中“Machine learning is the main aspect of artificial intelligence. It is the basic of AI systems like ChatGPT. There are three parts to machine learning: an algorithm (算法) or a set of algorithms, training data and a model. (机器学习是人工智能的主要方面。这是ChatGPT等人工智能系统的基础。机器学习有三个部分：一个算法(或一组算法)、训练数据和模型。)”可知，此处指出黑匣子指的是用户无法查看其内部工作原理的人工智能系统。由此文章通过介绍介绍黑匣子的工作原理来引出文章说明的内容即机器学习是人工智能的主要方面，它包括算法、训练数据和模型。故第一段中提到黑匣子的目的是引出文章主题。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“So to protect their intellectual property, Al developers often put the model in a black box.(因此，为了保护他们的知识产权，人工智能开发人员经常把模型放在一个黑匣子里。)”以及最后一段中“For years, many people in the computing field thought that keeping software in a black box would prevent hackers (黑客) from examining it and therefore it would be secure. (多年来，许多计算机领域的人认为，把软件放在黑匣子里可以防止黑客检查它，因此它是安全的。)”可知，多年来黑匣子的价值是确保计算机系统的安全，即保护软件系统。故选D。
【34题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“For years, many people in the computing field thought that keeping software in a black box would prevent hackers (黑客) from examining it and therefore it would be secure. This assumption has largely been proved wrong(多年来，许多计算机领域的人认为，把软件放在黑匣子里可以防止黑客检查它，因此它是安全的。这种假设在很大程度上被证明是错误的)”可知，多年来很多人认为把软件放在黑匣子中是可以防止黑客攻击的，这是安全的，可是这种假设被证明是错误的。因为黑客可以通过逆向工程来检查软件并发现其存在的缺点（漏洞），并加以利用。故划线词与C选项“Weaknesses”为同义词，意为“缺点”。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For years, many people in the computing field thought that keeping software in a black box would prevent hackers (黑客) from examining it and therefore it would be secure. This assumption has largely been proved wrong (多年来，许多计算机领域的人认为，把软件放在黑匣子里可以防止黑客检查它，因此它是安全的。)”以及“If software is in a glass box, then software testers and well-intentioned hackers can examine it and inform the creators of disadvantages, thereby reducing cyberattacks.(如果软件是在一个玻璃盒子里，那么软件测试人员和善意的黑客可以检查它，并告知创建者的缺点，从而减少网络攻击。)”可知，此处作者认为智能黑匣子既有优点又有缺点，故作者对它的态度是客观的。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyone complains. Even if you argue that you are the happiest person in the world, you still complain sometimes. Sometimes you complain without even realizing it, but rarely is it ever helpful. ____36____ Here are some tips to stop complaining and give up the negative thoughts.
____37____
When you find yourself thinking or saying a negative comment about something or someone, stop and force yourself to say something positive instead. Seek the help of a cheerful friend to change you when you complain and help you to see the positive in the situation.
Make a list of things you are grateful for.
You often complain about the things you don’t have without noticing those things you already have. Be grateful for what you have in your life because you are lucky simply for being yourselves. ____38____
Learn to adapt to the changes.
There are many things you can’t change. ____39____ Always find the positive side of each situation, regardless of however difficult the situation is. With parents’ and friends’ support, you can survive any life changes.
Allow yourself to vent (发泄) your feelings every once in a while.
Constantly ignoring negative thoughts could add up. If you are really going through a rough time, don’t be afraid to share your feelings with a close friend or family member or see a therapist.
Find what makes you happy.
____40____ Maybe it is time to make the hard decision to move on to another job or career. Uncover what your biggest complaints are about and see if you can change the situation to make you happy. Choose happiness, focus on the positive, and be kind always!
A. Sometimes this list can be easy, full of hobbies you enjoy.
B. The best and only thing you can do is to accept them.
C. Change the way you think.
D. Are you constantly complaining about your present job
E. Set down things you are thankful for and you’ll see that you don’t have any reason to complain.
F. Make friends with positive people.
G. So how can you manage to force yourselves to end complaining
【答案】36. G 37. C 38. E 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了停止抱怨，放弃消极想法的一些建议。
【36题详解】
根据上句“Sometimes you complain without even realizing it, but rarely is it ever helpful.(有时你甚至没有意识到你在抱怨，但这很少有帮助)”以及下句讲述这里有一些停止抱怨，放弃消极思想的一些建议可知，空格处应该说怎么做才能停止抱怨，G选项“So how can you manage to force yourselves to end complaining (那么，怎样才能强迫自己停止抱怨呢？)”发出疑问，该怎么停止抱怨，引出了下文的一些建议，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
【37题详解】
空格处是本段小标题，根据下文“stop and force yourself to say something positive instead(停止抱怨，强迫自己说些积极的话)”以及“Seek the help of a cheerful friend to change you when you complain and help you to see the positive in the situation.(当你抱怨时，寻求一个快乐的朋友的帮助来改变你，帮助你看到积极的一面)”可知，本段讲述强迫自己说一些积极的东西并看到事情积极的一面，C选项“Change the way you think.(改变你的思维方式)”说明了要改变自己的思维模式，也就是要把消极的思维改变为积极的思维，因此概括了本段主要内容，可作为本段小标题，故选C。
【38题详解】
根据段落标题“Make a list of things you are grateful for.(列出你感激的事情)”可知，本段建议把感恩的事情列个清单，感激我们所拥有的，E选项“Set down things you are thankful for and you’ll see that you don’t have any reason to complain.(写下你感激的事情，你会发现你没有任何理由抱怨)”说明了要写下自己感激的事情，符合本段语境，故选E。
【39题详解】
根据段落标题“Learn to adapt to the changes.(学会适应变化)”和空格上文“There are many things you can’t change.(有很多事情是你无法改变的)”可知，我们要学会适应变化，总有许多事情我们不能改变，不能改变就该接受，因此空格处应该说我们要接受这些我们改变不了的事情，B选项“The best and only thing you can do is to accept them.(你能做的最好也是唯一的事情就是接受他们)”说明了要接受那些改变不了的事情，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
【40题详解】
空格下文“Maybe it is time to make the hard decision to move on to another job or career.(也许是时候做出艰难的决定，换一份工作或另一份职业了)”说的是也许你该换工作了，空格处也应该说有关工作的内容，D项“Are you constantly complaining about your present job (你是否经常抱怨现在的工作？)”提出你是否抱怨现在的工作的疑问，是有关工作的，job是复现词汇，因此D选项引出下文，符合语境。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’d planned to spend my weekend in the sun, enjoying flowers outdoors. But that was ___41___ the pair of disgusting crows (乌鸦) arrived. Out of nowhere, they had set up their base ___42___ in our backyard.
We first ___43___ our feathered enemies on Friday morning. It was early, and the sound the birds made ___44___ through our neighborhood. I figured they’d ___45___ soon. But, no. They were getting louder and probably ___46___ my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admit I got a little ___47___.
Then, on Sunday afternoon, I saw our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground. I went to ___48___ and found a small coal-black bird in the grass. Its eyes were milky, and it stayed perfectly ___49___ as my dog walked towards it. Only when Quatchi ___50___ his nose to its head did it walk away. I ___51___ the dog inside and came back with my camera.
It never occurred to me that the young would be hanging out on the ground, growing and gaining ___52___ as its parents guarded it from above. The second I saw this little creature I ___53___ the crows.
To be honest, I’ve never been much of a bird person. And I wish they’d chosen another backyard. But I’m also ___54___ that I got to see this little bit of nature unfold up close. It’s pretty amazing.
The experience has also ___55___ my desire to create a beautiful backyard garden that attracts lots of bees, butterflies, and yes, birds. They are welcome here.
41. A. after B. when C. until D. before
42. A. organization B. camp C. business D. trap
43. A. accepted B. drove C. discovered D. invited
44. A. traveled B. flew C. ran D. flowed
45. A. sing B. fight C. fall down D. quiet down
46. A. attracting B. annoying C. frightening D. amusing
47. A. excited B. amazed C. curious D. desperate
48. A. prevent B. defend C. explore D. assist
49. A. cold B. enthusiastic C. still D. friendly
50. A. touched B. threw C. pointed D. connected
51. A. awarded B. locked C. praised D. fed
52. A. strength B. pity C. advantage D. freedom
53. A. hated B. respected C. admired D. forgave
54. A. pitiful B. grateful C. painful D. careful
55. A. discouraged B. ensured C. strengthened D. proved
【答案】41. D 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. D 46. B 47. D 48. C 49. C 50. A 51. B 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文．作者讲述了自己对在后院安家的乌鸦从讨厌到怜爱的态度转变过程。也告诉我们对待小动物也要一视同仁
【41题详解】
考查连词辨析的。句意： 我本打算在阳光下度周末，在户外赏花。但那是在那对恶心的乌鸦到来之前。A. after在......之后；B. when当.....之后；C. until一直到；D. before在.....之前。根据后面的语境可知，作者在乌鸦来之前，心情极好，可知，此处选D。
【42题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：他们在我们的后院建立了他们的大本营。A. organization组织； B. camp营地；C. business生意，商业；D. trap陷阱。根据后面的内容可知，乌鸦在他们家的后院定居下来，即建立了营地（camp），故选B。
【43题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我们第一次发现有羽毛的敌人是在星期五早上。A. accepted接受；B. drove开车；C. discovered发现；D. invited邀请。根据语境可知，此处是指作者第一次发现（discover）乌鸦的，故选C。
【44题详解】
考查固定搭配及动词辨析。句意：时间还早，乌鸦的叫声穿过我们的街区。A. traveled传播，旅行；B. flew飞行；C. ran跑；D. flowed流动。“根据后面的They were getting louder and probably ___6___ my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admit I got a little...”可知，乌鸦的叫声很大，穿越街区，travel through”为固定搭配，意为“穿越，穿过”。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词（短语）辨析。句意：我想他们很快就会安静下来。A. sing唱歌；B. fight打架；C. fall down摔倒；D. quiet down安静下来。根据后面的“They were getting louder他们声音很大”可知，而 “but” 为转折连词，可知，前面是说，我认为他们会安静（quiet down）下来，但却不是安静，而来越来越大。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：可能会让我的邻居和我们一样恼火。A. attracting吸引；B. annoying使恼火；C. frightening使害怕；D. amusing使娱乐。根据本段的“on Friday morning. It was early, and the sound the birds made traveled through our neighborhood.”可知，在周五的很早的时候，乌鸦的叫声，会让人恼火（annoying ），故选B。
【47题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：我承认我有点绝望。A. excited激动的 ；B. amazed惊讶的；C. curious好奇的；D. desperate绝望的。根据上下文的语境可知，在早上听到乌鸦那么大的叫声，很是恼火，却又无可奈何，有点绝望（desperate），故选D。
【48题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我去探查，在草地上发现了一只黑色的小鸟。A. prevent阻止；B. defend防御；C. explore探查，探索；D. assist协助。根据前一句“I saw our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground.” 作者看到他们的狗Quatchi盯着地上的东西。出于好奇，作者也去一探究竟，故选C。
【49题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：当我的狗朝它走去时，它一动不动。A. cold冷的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. still一动不动的；D. friendly友好的。根据空后的“只有当狗用鼻子碰触着它的头时，它才走开”，由此可知，在狗走近它前，它是不动不动的（still），故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：当狗用鼻子碰到它的头时，它才走开。A. touched碰触；B. threw扔掉；C. pointed指向；D. connected连接。根据常识及语境可知，此处是指狗用鼻子碰触（touch），故选A。
【51题详解】
考查动词辨析的。句意：我把狗锁在屋里。A. awarded授予；B. locked锁；C. praised表扬；D. fed喂食。由上文的狗用鼻子碰触了小乌鸦，所以作者担心小乌鸦的处境，怕狗伤害它而把狗锁（lock）起来，故选B。
【52题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：没有想到小乌鸦的父母在上面保护，小乌鸦会在地面上玩耍，成长并壮大（获得力量）。A. strength力气；B. pity怜悯；C. advantage优势；D. freedom自由。分析语境可知，此处是指小乌鸦长大，有了力气，即成长壮大，故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我一看到这个小东西就原谅了乌鸦。A. hated憎恨；B. respected尊敬；C. admired钦佩；D. forgave宽恕，原谅。从上文乌鸦来到作者的后院安了家，吵到了他们，非常生气。但看到这只小乌鸦就宽恕（forgive）了它们。故选D。
【54题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：但我也很感激我能近距离地看到这大自然的一点神奇。它很神奇。A. pitiful可怜的；B. grateful感激的；C. painful痛苦的；D. careful仔细的，小心的。根据上句可知，“作者从来都不是一个喜欢鸟的人。作者希望他们选择另一个后院。但根据but可知，虽然作者是个从不喜欢鸟的人，却因为小乌鸦的可爱，而感激（grateful）大自然能让作者近距离观察到它。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：这段经历也增强了我想要创造一个美丽的后院花园的愿望。A. discouraged阻止；B. ensured确保；C. strengthened，增强。加强；D. proved证明。根据语境可知，此处是指看见小乌鸦的经历让作者有了增强streghtened了建立一个美丽花园的愿望，故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As artificial intelligence products steadily improve at pretending to be human, people will increasingly be put in the unsettling situation of not knowing ____56____ they are talking to a machine. But the ____57____ (true) may make such products less effective: recent research finds a trade-off between transparency and cooperation in human-computer interactions.
The study used a game in ____58____ paired players made a series of ____59____ (decision) to cooperate with betray their partner. In ____60____ long run, it pays for both to keep cooperating. But there is always the desire ____61____(earn) extra points at the partner’s expense. Previous work suggested people tended to distrust machines, so the scientists hoped people ____62____ (play) with a known robot would recognize its ability to cooperate and would ____63____ (eventual) get past their distrust.
“Sadly, we failed at this goal,” says Talal Rahwan, a senior author on the paper, ____64____ (publish) last November in Nature Machine Intelligence. “A robot was _____65_____ (likely) to obtain cooperation than another human, even though its strategy was clearly more beneficial to both players.”
It seems that there is a long way to go before trust in robots is established.
【答案】56. whether##if
57. truth 58. which
59. decisions
60. the 61. to earn
62. playing
63. eventually
64. published
65. less likely
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们在使用人工智能产品时发现，在人机交互中，透明度和合作之间存在权衡。
【56题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：随着人工智能产品在冒充人类方面的稳步提升，人们将越来越陷入不知道自己是否在和机器说话的令人不安的境地。分析句子结构可知，此处是宾语从句，作动词know的宾语，从句结构完整，结合句意可知此处表示“是否”，应用whether或if引导从句。故填whether/if。
【57题详解】
考查名词。句意：但事实可能会使这些产品的效果降低:最近的研究发现，在人机交互中，透明度与合作之间存在权衡。根据空格前的冠词the可知，空格处是名词作主语，表达“事实”，应用名词truth。故填truth。
【58题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这项研究使用了一个游戏，在这个游戏中，成对的参与者要做出一系列的决定来合作，背叛他们的搭档。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词为a game，在从句中作介词in的宾语。故填which。
【59题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：这项研究使用了一个游戏，在这个游戏中，成对的参与者要做出一系列的决定来合作，背叛他们的搭档。根据空格前的a series of可知，空格处应填名词的复数。故填decisions。
【60题详解】
考查冠词。句意：从长远来看，保持合作对双方都有利。 in the long run从长远来看，固定短语。故填the。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但是他们总是希望以牺牲伴侣的利益为代价获得额外的分数。空格处应为不定式结构作后置定语，修饰the desire。故填to earn。
【62题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：之前的研究表明，人们倾向于不信任机器，因此科学家们希望，与已知机器人玩耍的人能认识到它的合作能力，并最终消除他们的不信任。逻辑主语people和play之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填playing。
【63题详解】
考查副词。句意：之前的研究表明，人们倾向于不信任机器，因此科学家们希望，与已知机器人玩耍的人能认识到它的合作能力，并最终消除他们的不信任。空格处作状语，修饰动词get，应用副词形式。故填eventually。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“遗憾的是，我们未能实现这一目标，”该论文的资深作者Talal Rahwan说，该论文于去年11月发表在《自然机器智能》上。publish和逻辑主语paper之间是被动关系，应用动词的过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰paper。故填published。
【65题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：与人类相比，机器人获得合作的可能性更小，尽管它的策略显然对双方都更有利。句中的than表明本空应用形容词比较级，结合句意可知，此处表示“不太可能”。故填less likely。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 随着经济发展，越来越多的文化遗产遭到破坏。假设你是红星中学高中生李华，请给当地报社写一封信，谈谈你对保护文化遗产的建议。内容包括：
1.文化遗产的重要性；
2.如何保护文化遗产。
注意:
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Editor,
I am Li Hua, a senior student from Hong Xing High School.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely,
Li Hu
【答案】Dear Editor,
I am Li Hua, a senior student from Hong Xing High School. Nowadays, with the development of our society, more and more cultural relics are facing the danger of disappearing. So we must attach importance to the problem and try our best to protect them.
①As we all know, cultural relics offer us a great opportunity to learn about what happened in the past. ②Only when they are preserved well can we pass on our culture from generation to generation. As students, we can make our own contributions to preserve them. For example, we can make apps or websites about some cultural relics to tell people the stories behind them. Besides, we can call on international cooperation if it is too hard for ourselves to preserve some badly-damaged cultural relics.
I hope more and more people will become concerned about protecting our cultural relics.
Sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给当地报社写一封信，谈谈你对保护文化遗产的建议。内容包括：1.文化遗产的重要性；2.如何保护文化遗产。
【详解】1.词汇积累
现在：nowadays→at present
提供：offer→provide
另外：besides→moreover
例如：for example→for instance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am Li Hua, a senior student from Hong Xing High School.
拓展句：I am Li Hua, who is a senior student from Hong Xing High School.
【点睛】[高分句型1] As we all know, cultural relics offer us a great opportunity to learn about what happened in the past. (运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句和what引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Only when they are preserved well can we pass on our culture from generation to generation. (运用了部分倒装句和when引导的时间状语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was little, I lived in a house with a beautiful garden full of all kinds of flowers, and roses were the most beautiful of them. There was nothing I enjoyed more than sitting in the garden with my mother as she read stories to me. When I was in primary school and old enough to read, I enjoyed reading stories aloud to her.
I will never forget one day when I was in the third grade. I had been picked to be the princess in the school play, and for weeks my mother had rehearsed (排练) my lines (台词) so hard with me. But no matter how easily I acted at home, as soon as I stepped on stage, every word disappeared from my head. Finally, my teacher took me aside. She explained that she had written a narrator’s (旁白) part to the play, and asked me to change roles. Her word, kindly expressed, still hurt, especially when I saw my part go to another girl.
I didn’t tell my mother what had happened when I went home after school that day. But she sensed my pain. Instead of suggesting we practice my lines, she asked if I wanted to take a walk in the garden.
It was May and roses were blossoming and, under the trees, we could also see yellow dandelions (蒲公英) in the grass. “I think I’m going to dig up all these weeds,” she said, pulling one dandelion up by its roots. “From now on, we’ll have only roses in this garden.”
“But I like dandelions,” I protested. “All flowers are beautiful — even dandelions.”
My mother looked at me seriously. “Yes, every flower is beautiful in its own way, isn’t it ” she asked thoughtfully. I nodded, pleased that I had won her over. “And that is true of people too,” she added. “Not everyone can be a princess, but there is no shame in that.” Aware that she had guessed my pain, I started to cry as I told her what had happened. She listened and smiled gently.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150词左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1:
“But you will be a beautiful narrator,” she said.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
After the play, I took home the flower.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
“But you will be a beautiful narrator,” she said. It reminded me how much I loved to read stories aloud to her. The narrator’s part is just as important as the part of a princess. Her wise words inspired me with courage and confidence. But on the evening of the performance, I suddenly felt nervous backstage again. My teacher came over to me. “Your mother asked me to give you this,” she said, handing me a dandelion. Looking at it, I knew my mother was out there for me, which calmed me down.
After the play, I took home the flower. My mother made it into a dried flower and put it into a glass bottle. Every time I see it, I am reminded of this unforgettable experience. I have taken part in many school plays, tried different roles and made many speeches ever since. Gradually, I’ve become really good at performing and public speaking, seldom feeling nervous onstage now. For this, I am forever grateful to my mother, who have made me what I am today.
【解析】
【导语】本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了小时候作者非常喜欢和妈妈在鲜花盛开的花园中阅读故事。在作者上三年级时，她被选中演学校话剧中的公主，妈妈连续几周都陪她练台词。但作者总在上台时忘记台词，于是老师让她担任叙述者的角色，这让她感到很受伤。作者回家后，妈妈没有让她继续排练，而是带她去花园散步。在花园里，妈妈以花园里的蒲公英等花草都有存在的理由来开导作者。作者意识到妈妈理解她的感受，于是与妈妈分享了学校里发生的事情。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“‘但你会成为一个美丽的叙述者，’她说”可知，第一段可描写作者受到妈妈的鼓励和启发，决定扮演好叙述者的角色，以及演出当天作者收到一枝蒲公英，成功克服紧张的心理，顺利完成演出。
②由第二段首句内容“演出结束后，我把花带回家了”可知，第二段可描写作者把花带回家后妈妈的处理方式，以及作者从这次经历中得到的收获。
2. 续写线索：妈妈鼓励——作者认真练习叙述者的角色——表演时作者收到花——作者带花回家——妈妈的处理方式——作者的收获
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①激励：inspire/encourage/motivate
②递给：hand/pass
③放置：put/place
④参与：take part in/participate in
情绪类
①紧张：nervous/anxious
②感激的：grateful/thankful
【点睛】[高分句型1] Looking at it, I knew my mother was out there for me, which calmed me down. (现在分词短语Looking…作状语、that引导名词性从句作knew的宾语并被省略、which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] For this, I am forever grateful to my mother, who have made me what I am today. (who引导非限制性定语从句、what引导名词性从句作宾语补足语)2023——2024学年度下学期开学检测
英语试题
(满分：150分 时间：120分钟)
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Great holidays in Europe!
Do you like the beach but want a bit more
Then come on an Active Beach holiday atone of our centers in Greece Turkey or Croatia.All the centers are near beautiful beaches and all offer sailing, wind surfing or water skiing with our excellent instructors. For achange from the water, you can also book a short trip to a nearby village and visit the colorful markets or eat in a local restaurant. Atthe end of the day, relax in your hotel room or dance the night away at one of our open-air clubs.
Who was King Arthur Where did he live
Join us on a five-day UK Road Trip holiday.Imagine life hundreds of years ago as we visit ancient Stonehenge, Roman Bath and TintagelCastle, the home of King Arthur. Learn the historyof these interesting places from your guide as you travel in one of our famous blue coaches. In the evenings we stop at some of the best youth hostels in the country. They have everything you need ,you don 't even need to pack a sleeping bag!
Are you bored with the usual holidays Do you want to do something you really enjoy
Then Fame Camp is for you! Spend a week at Hightree House in Yorkshire and learn how to play the piano, violin and guitar! Bring your tentand stay at a campsite near the house. At the end of the week try your new skills in a live performance .
How many countries can you see in 21days
On our Explore Europe holiday, you can see ten! Learn about them from our best guides as you watch them go past from the window of an air-conditioned coach and stay at some of Europe's top campsites on the way. Of course,we’ll also have time to do the important things such as visiting the Eiffel Tower in Paris, the. historic Sistine Chapel in Vatican and eating apple trudеl n V еnnа.
For more information about any of these holidays, call 0845 333 4523 or visit .
21. Tourists who go on an Active Beach holiday.
A. can do some water sports
B. can cook by themselves
C. will enjoy an open-air concert
D. should bring their own sleeping bags
22. If you want to know more about Tintagel Castle, which holiday should you take
A. Fame Camp. B. Active Beach.
C. UK Road Trip. D. Explore Europe.
23. What can we learn about Explore Europe
A. It lasts 10 days. B. It is a coach tour.
C. It is a self-guided tour. D. It goes past 21 countries.
B
As Wilson Guarin watched the helicopter flying above, he wondered if the men being lifted into the sky felt the risk had been worth it.
Moments earlier, Guarin and his children had hiked to Hermit Falls in Angeles National Forest, one of the most popular waterfalls in the Los Angeles area. Soon after they arrived, they saw a man injure his shoulder when he jumped into the rock pool at the base of Hermit Falls. Less than a minute later, another man jumped and appeared to break both his legs. Guarin said the cliff jumpers' purposes were obvious. They wanted to get a video of themselves and post it to social media.
A thirst among hikers, often inexperienced and under-prepared, to collect "likes" and shares on Instagram and other social media sites has led to a sharp increase in rescue missions by first responders.
The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department's Search and Rescue teams conducted 681 missions in 2017, the largest number in five years. It's a 38% increase from the 491 rescues they did in 2013.
The teams' leaders say the single largest factor for that increase is people posting videos of extreme activities online. Then, without any thought about the difficulty, others try to recreate their own 15-second version of glory.
On Instagram, posts from visitors making adventures in waterfalls and swimming holes in Angeles National Forest and other recreation areas show hikers changed into models, striking seemingly the same poses in the same places.
We shouldn't prevent people from enjoying the outdoors. But many accidents are avoidable and happen either when people go off trail or ignore official warnings about an area being closed and visit anyway.
Guarin still thinks about the two men he watched in helicopter rides sent to a hospital. "You get concerned about what people are willing to do—to not have fun. It's risking everything for no reason.
Well, there are the "likes".
24. What happened to the two jumpers
A. They both got badly injured. B. They were trapped in a rock pool.
C They were caught in an air crash. D. They were rescued by the Guarins.
25. What do the figures imply in paragraph 4
A. More social rescues are timely and effective.
B. More attention is paid from the social media.
C. More public resources are clearly being occupied.
D. More people raise the awareness of self-defense.
26. What is the main reason for the increase in the number of rescues
A. Hikers are inexperienced and under-prepared.
B. Helicopters are easily available in more areas.
C. Travelers go off trail or ignore official warnings.
D. More people share their extreme activities online.
27. What does Guarin think of the jumpers' action
A. It is not a wise thing to do. B. It is their own version of glory.
C. Watching it online is a lot of fun. D. Getting "likes" makes it worthwhile.
C
If feels like every time my mother and I start to have a conversation，it turns into an argument．We talk about something as simple as dinner plans and suddenly，my mother will push the conversation into World War？She'll talk about my lack of a bright future because I don't plan to be a doctor．And much to her disappointment，I don't want to do any job related to science，either．In fact，when I was pushed to say that I planned to major （主修） in English and communications，she nearly had a heart attack．
"Why can't you be like my coworker's son？"she bemoans all the time．Her coworker's son received a four year scholarship and is now earning 70，000 dollars a year as an engineer．I don't know what to answer except that I simply can't be like Mr Perfect as I've called the unnamed coworker's son．I can't be like him．I'm the type of person who loves to help out in the community，write until the sun goes down，and most of all，wants to achieve a career because I love it，not because of fame （名声） or salary．
I understand why my mother is worried about my future major．I've seen my mother struggle to raise me on her small salary and work long hours．She leaves the house around 6：30 am and usually comes home around 5 pm or even 6 pm．However，I want her to know that by becoming a doctor，it doesn't mean I'll be successful．I'd rather follow my dreams and create my own future．
28. Which of the following topics do the writer and his mother often talk about？ ______
A. The writer's studies． B. The writer's future job．
C. Dinner plans． D. Wars around the world．
29 We can infer from Paragraph 1 that the writer's mother ______ ．
A. doesn't want the writer to major in English
B. doesn't think the writer should be a doctor
C. gets along very well with the writer
D. doesn't think working in the science field is a good idea
30. The underlined word"bemoans"in Paragraph 2most probably means" ______ "．
A. agrees B. shouts
C. complains D. smiles
31. Which of the following statements is probably TRUE about the writer？ ______
A. He wants to be like his mother's coworker's son．
B. He wants to find a job in his community in the future．
C. He doesn't think his mother's coworker's son is perfect．
D. He wants to do something he really likes in the future．
D
For some people, the term “black box” brings to mind the recording devices in airplanes that are valuable for later analyses if the unthinkable happens. But black box is also an important term in the world of artificial intelligence. AI black boxes refer to Al systems with internal workings that are invisible to the user. You can feed them input and get output, but you cannot examine the system’s logic that produced the output.
Machine learning is the main aspect of artificial intelligence. It is the basic of AI systems like ChatGPT. There are three parts to machine learning: an algorithm (算法) or a set of algorithms, training data and a model. An algorithm is a set of procedures. In machine learning, an algorithm learns to identify patterns after being trained on a large set of examples — the training data. Once a machine-learning algorithm has been trained, the result is a machine-learning model. The model is what people use. Any of the three parts of a machine-learning system can be hidden, or in a black box. So to protect their intellectual property, Al developers often put the model in a black box.
The opposite of a black box is sometimes referred to as a glass box. An Al glass box is a system whose algorithms, training data and model are all available for anyone to see.
In many cases, there is a good reason to be careful of black box machine-learning algorithms and models. Suppose a machine-learning model has made a diagnosis about your health. Would you want the model to be in a black box or a glass box
For years, many people in the computing field thought that keeping software in a black box would prevent hackers (黑客) from examining it and therefore it would be secure. This assumption has largely been proved wrong because hackers can reverse (逆向)-engineer software and discover vulnerabilities to make use of. If software is in a glass box, then software testers and well-intentioned hackers can examine it and inform the creators of disadvantages, thereby reducing cyberattacks.
32. Why does the author mention “black box” in airplanes in the first paragraph
A. To explain a rule. B. To introduce the topic.
C To present a fact. D. To define a concept.
33. What’s the value of the AI black boxes
A. Warning the hackers.
B. Recording important data.
C. Reducing internet crimes.
D. Protecting software systems.
34. What does the underlined word “vulnerabilities” mean in the last paragraph
A. Possibilities. B. Flexibilities.
C. Weaknesses. D. Advantages.
35. What is the author’s attitude towards the AI boxes
A. Objective. B. Doubtful. C. Indifferent. D. Approving.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyone complains. Even if you argue that you are the happiest person in the world, you still complain sometimes. Sometimes you complain without even realizing it, but rarely is it ever helpful. ____36____ Here are some tips to stop complaining and give up the negative thoughts.
____37____
When you find yourself thinking or saying a negative comment about something or someone, stop and force yourself to say something positive instead. Seek the help of a cheerful friend to change you when you complain and help you to see the positive in the situation.
Make a list of things you are grateful for.
You often complain about the things you don’t have without noticing those things you already have. Be grateful for what you have in your life because you are lucky simply for being yourselves. ____38____
Learn to adapt to the changes.
There are many things you can’t change. ____39____ Always find the positive side of each situation, regardless of however difficult the situation is. With parents’ and friends’ support, you can survive any life changes.
Allow yourself to vent (发泄) your feelings every once in a while.
Constantly ignoring negative thoughts could add up. If you are really going through a rough time, don’t be afraid to share your feelings with a close friend or family member or see a therapist.
Find what makes you happy.
____40____ Maybe it is time to make the hard decision to move on to another job or career. Uncover what your biggest complaints are about and see if you can change the situation to make you happy. Choose happiness, focus on the positive, and be kind always!
A. Sometimes this list can be easy, full of hobbies you enjoy.
B. The best and only thing you can do is to accept them.
C. Change the way you think.
D. Are you constantly complaining about your present job
E. Set down things you are thankful for and you’ll see that you don’t have any reason to complain.
F. Make friends with positive people.
G. So how can you manage to force yourselves to end complaining
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’d planned to spend my weekend in the sun, enjoying flowers outdoors. But that was ___41___ the pair of disgusting crows (乌鸦) arrived. Out of nowhere, they had set up their base ___42___ in our backyard.
We first ___43___ our feathered enemies on Friday morning. It was early, and the sound the birds made ___44___ through our neighborhood. I figured they’d ___45___ soon. But, no. They were getting louder and probably ___46___ my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admit I got a little ___47___.
Then, on Sunday afternoon, I saw our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground. I went to ___48___ and found a small coal-black bird in the grass. Its eyes were milky, and it stayed perfectly ___49___ as my dog walked towards it. Only when Quatchi ___50___ his nose to its head did it walk away. I ___51___ the dog inside and came back with my camera.
It never occurred to me that the young would be hanging out on the ground, growing and gaining ___52___ as its parents guarded it from above. The second I saw this little creature I ___53___ the crows.
To be honest, I’ve never been much of a bird person. And I wish they’d chosen another backyard. But I’m also ___54___ that I got to see this little bit of nature unfold up close. It’s pretty amazing.
The experience has also ___55___ my desire to create a beautiful backyard garden that attracts lots of bees, butterflies, and yes, birds. They are welcome here.
41. A. after B. when C. until D. before
42. A. organization B. camp C. business D. trap
43. A. accepted B. drove C. discovered D. invited
44. A. traveled B. flew C. ran D. flowed
45. A. sing B. fight C. fall down D. quiet down
46. A. attracting B. annoying C. frightening D. amusing
47. A. excited B. amazed C. curious D. desperate
48. A. prevent B. defend C. explore D. assist
49. A. cold B. enthusiastic C. still D. friendly
50. A. touched B. threw C. pointed D. connected
51. A. awarded B. locked C. praised D. fed
52. A. strength B. pity C. advantage D. freedom
53. A. hated B. respected C. admired D. forgave
54. A. pitiful B. grateful C. painful D. careful
55. A. discouraged B. ensured C. strengthened D. proved
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As artificial intelligence products steadily improve at pretending to be human, people will increasingly be put in the unsettling situation of not knowing ____56____ they are talking to a machine. But the ____57____ (true) may make such products less effective: recent research finds a trade-off between transparency and cooperation in human-computer interactions.
The study used a game in ____58____ paired players made a series of ____59____ (decision) to cooperate with betray their partner. In ____60____ long run, it pays for both to keep cooperating. But there is always the desire ____61____(earn) extra points at the partner’s expense. Previous work suggested people tended to distrust machines, so the scientists hoped people ____62____ (play) with a known robot would recognize its ability to cooperate and would ____63____ (eventual) get past their distrust.
“Sadly, we failed at this goal,” says Talal Rahwan, a senior author on the paper, ____64____ (publish) last November in Nature Machine Intelligence. “A robot was _____65_____ (likely) to obtain cooperation than another human, even though its strategy was clearly more beneficial to both players.”
It seems that there is a long way to go before trust in robots is established.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 随着经济的发展，越来越多的文化遗产遭到破坏。假设你是红星中学高中生李华，请给当地报社写一封信，谈谈你对保护文化遗产的建议。内容包括：
1.文化遗产的重要性；
2.如何保护文化遗产。
注意:
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Editor,
I am Li Hua, a senior student from Hong Xing High School.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely,
Li Hu
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was little, I lived in a house with a beautiful garden full of all kinds of flowers, and roses were the most beautiful of them. There was nothing I enjoyed more than sitting in the garden with my mother as she read stories to me. When I was in primary school and old enough to read, I enjoyed reading stories aloud to her.
I will never forget one day when I was in the third grade. I had been picked to be the princess in the school play, and for weeks my mother had rehearsed (排练) my lines (台词) so hard with me. But no matter how easily I acted at home, as soon as I stepped on stage, every word disappeared from my head. Finally, my teacher took me aside. She explained that she had written a narrator’s (旁白) part to the play, and asked me to change roles. Her word, kindly expressed, still hurt, especially when I saw my part go to another girl.
I didn’t tell my mother what had happened when I went home after school that day. But she sensed my pain. Instead of suggesting we practice my lines, she asked if I wanted to take a walk in the garden.
It was May and roses were blossoming and, under the trees, we could also see yellow dandelions (蒲公英) in the grass. “I think I’m going to dig up all these weeds,” she said, pulling one dandelion up by its roots. “From now on, we’ll have only roses in this garden.”
“But I like dandelions,” I protested. “All flowers are beautiful — even dandelions.”
My mother looked at me seriously. “Yes, every flower is beautiful in its own way, isn’t it ” she asked thoughtfully. I nodded, pleased that I had won her over. “And that is true of people too,” she added. “Not everyone can be a princess, but there is no shame in that.” Aware that she had guessed my pain, I started to cry as I told her what had happened. She listened and smiled gently.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150词左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1:
“But you will be a beautiful narrator,” she said.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
After the play, I took home the flower.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
