跳出题海：主题语境专项训练
阅读理解---人与社会之科学与技术（二）【解析版】
1【2023湖北省十一校二模】
Recently, Google researchers published a paper describing results from an artificial intelligence (AI) tool, called MusicLM, built to create music. It is not the first AI music tool to launch. But the examples Google provides demonstrate musical creative ability based on a limited set of descriptive words. AI shows how complex computer systems have been trained to behave in human-like ways. Google engineers explain the MusicLM system this way:
First, a user comes up with a word or words that describe the kind of music they want the tool to create. For example, a user could enter this short phrase into the system: “a continuous calming violin backed by a soft guitar sound.”The descriptions entered can include different music styles, instruments or other existing sounds. Several different music examples produced by MusicLM were published online. Some of the generated music came from just one-or-two-word descriptions, such as “jazz”, or “techno”. The system created other examples from more detailed descriptions containing whole sentences. In the resulting recording, the music seems to keep very close to the description. The team said that the more detailed the description is, the better the system can attempt to produce it.
In addition to generating new music from written descriptions, the team said the system can also create examples based on a person’s own singing, whistling or playing an instrument. The researchers said the tool “produces high-quality music...over several minutes, while being faithful to the text conditioning signal”.
Although it hasn’t been released for public use, Google announced it was releasing a “high-quality dataset (数据集)”of more than 5, 500 music-writing pairs prepared by professional musicians called MusicCaps. The researchers took that step to assist in the development of other AI music generators.
The MusicLM researchers said they believe they have designed a new tool to help anyone quickly and easily create high-quality music selections. However, the team said it also recognizes some risks linked to the machine learning process
1. How does MusicLM work
A. It adapts music from recordings.
B. It generates music from written descriptions.
C. It teaches users how to play a musical instrument.
D. It recommends songs based on a user’s listening history.
2. Why did Google release the MusicCaps dataset
A. To display the capabilities of MusicLM.
B. To allow the public to use MusicLM.
C. To help develop other AI music generators.
D. To promote the MusicCaps music-writing service.
3. What might be an advantage of using MusicLM for music creation
A. It can improve the overall quality of music in the industry.
B. It can replace human musicians and composers.
C. It can produce music that is more complex than human-made music.
D. It can create music quickly and efficiently.
4. What is the main idea of the article
A. Google has developed MusicLMA to create music from written descriptions and other inputs.
B. MusicLM-an example of AI systems can behave in human-like ways.
C. MusicLM can create music following written descriptions and using others as input.
D. Google has released a dataset to help develop other AI music generators.
【主题语境】人与社会—科学与技术
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了谷歌研发出叫做MusicLM的AI智能工具，这种AI工具可以根据书面描述和其他输入创作音乐。
【参考答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A
【第1题解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的“First, a user comes up with a word or words that describe the kind of music they want the tool to create.可知，MusicLMS是根据用户输入描述他们想要的音乐类型然后创作出与之有关的音乐。故选B项。
【第2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“The researchers took that step to assist in the development of other Al music generators.”可知，研究人员发布数据集是帮助其他人工智能音乐生成器。故选C项。
【第3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The MusicLM researchers said they believe they have designed a new tool to help anyone quickly and easily create high-quality music selections.”推知，使用MusicLM创作音乐的优势是，它能快速且高效地创作音乐。故选D项。
【第4题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Recently, Google researchers published a paper describing results from an artificial intelligence (AI) tool, called MusicLM, built to create music.”和第二段的“First, a user comes up with a word or words that describe the kind of music they want the tool to create.”以及“Some of the generated music came from just one-or-two-word descriptions, such as “jazz”, or “techno”.”以及整篇内容可知，文章介绍了谷歌研发出叫做MusicLM的AI智能工具，这种AI工具可以根据书面描述和其他输入创作音乐。故选A项。
2【2023辽宁省鞍山市高三二模】
Some people worry about robots taking work away from human beings, but there are a few jobs that even these people admit most of us would not want. One is cleaning up radioactive waste, particularly when it is inside a nuclear power station.
So, send in the robots In 2011 the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station in Japan suffered a series of meltdowns after its safety systems failed following a tsunami. Robots were then sent into it to monitor radiation levels and start cleaning things up. Many got stuck, broke down or had their circuits fried by the intense radiation.
Stopping such things happening again is part of the work of the National Centre for Nuclear Robotics (NCNR). It is led by Rustam Stolkin of the University of Birmingham, and its purpose is to improve the routine use of robotics in nuclear power stations. One problem with the robots sent into the ruins of Fukushima Daiichi was that they were not particularly clever. Most were operated by someone at a safe distance. Such machines’ arms are tricky to move accurately when viewed via a video screen. Dr. Stolkin believes the answer is to equip them with artificial intelligence (AI), so that they can operate by themselves.
The nuclear industry, however, is extremely prudent. So, for the moment, AI is needed to assist human operators. For example, instead of relying on a remote human operator to operate all its controls, an AI-equipped robot faced with a pile of different objects to move would use a camera to understand those objects’ shapes and positions relative to one another. It could then plan how best to grasp each object and move it to a properly designed disposal skip.
Other members of NCNR are examining different aspects of the problem. At the University of Bristol, Tom Scott leads a group working on means for robots to identify materials, including various sorts of plastic. Gerhard Neumann of the University of Lincoln is developing advanced navigation systems. And to ensure robots’ circuits don’t get fried, Klaus McDonald Maier at the University of Essex is developing electronics to fight against the effects of radiation.
1. How did the robots perform at Fukushima Daiichi in 2011
A. They were not capable of the task. B. They cleaned up the waste in time.
C. They were not affected by radiation. D. They found it hard to identify materials.
2. What does the underlined word “prudent” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Admiring. B. Cautious. C. Successful. D. Independent.
3. Which university is trying to help robots find out what objects are made of
A. The University of Birmingham. B. The University of Lincoln.
C. The University of Bristol. D. The University of Essex.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Will AI robots threaten more jobs
B. Could robots replace human beings
C. Extreme robotics: cleaning up nuclear waste
D. Nuclear robotics: speeding up the exploration
【主题语境】人与社会—科学与技术
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了机器人可以应用清理核废料的工作，介绍了其工作过程以及这一项目其它不同的研究领域。
【参考答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C
【第1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“One problem with the robots sent into the ruins of Fukushima Daiichi was that they were not particularly clever. Most were operated by someone at a safe distance. Such machines’ arms are tricky to move accurately when viewed via a video screen.”可知，2011年，机器人在福岛第一核电站没有能力完成任务。故选A项。
【第2题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“So, for the moment, AI is needed to assist human operators.”以及“For example, instead of relying on a remote human operator to operate all its controls, an AI-equipped robot faced with a pile of different objects to move would use a camera to understand those objects’ shapes and positions relative to one another.”可知，核工业不是完全由机器人来操作的，需要人工智能来协助人类操作员，可见非常谨慎。故画线词意思是“谨慎的”。故选B项。
【第3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“At the University of Bristol, Tom Scott leads a group working on means for robots to identify materials, including various sorts of plastic.”可知，布里斯托尔大学正试图帮助机器人找出物体的构成。故选C项。
【第4题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段内容，文章主要说明了机器人可以应用清理核废料的工作，介绍了其工作过程以及这一项目其它不同的研究领域。可知，C选项“从事极端工作机器人：清理核废料”最符合文章标题。故选C项。
3【2023重庆第二外国语学校高三试题】
Researchers say a new electrical device placed in three paralyzed patients has helped them walk again. The lower bodies of the three patients were left paralyzed after they suffered spinal (脊柱的) cord injuries. But a device implanted in the spinal cord was able to send electrical signals to the muscles to permit them to stand, walk and exercise.
Scientists have discovered that neurons—which receive and send signals for muscle movements—often still work in injured patients with serious spinal cord injuries. However, past research into spinal cord injuries has centered on the stimulation of neurons. Now in the latest experiment led by Gregoire Courtine and Jocelyne Bloch of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, three paralyzed men were implanted a new electrical device designed to copy an action of the brain, in which it sends signals to the spinal cord that result in muscle movement. When the spinal cord receives the brain signals, it stimulates a collection of nerve cells that can activate different muscles.
The researchers reported that all three patients who got the spinal cord implants were able to take their first steps within an hour after receiving them. Over the next six months, the patients regained the ability to take part in more advanced walking activities, the study found. They were also able to ride bicycles and swim in community settings.
Unlike other attempts to help paralyzed patients walk by stimulating nerves through the back of the spine, Courtine said that his team redesigned the devices so signals would enter the spine from the sides. This method permits more direct targeting and activation of spinal cord areas, he said.
The team then developed artificial intelligence (AI) systems linked to the device. The AI controls electrodes on the device to send signals to stimulate individual nerves that control muscles needed for walking and other activities. However, because the patients’ muscles were weak from not being used, they needed help with supporting their weight, the researchers said. It also took some time for them to learn to work with the technology. Still, Bloch said, “The more they train, the more they start lifting their muscles, the more fluid it becomes.”
1. What can be inferred from paragraph 2
A. Courtine and Bloch have found that neurons in paralyzed patients still work.
B. The new electrical device can imitate the brain to send signals to the spinal cord.
C. Three paralyzed men recovered with the help of a new electrical device.
D. Stimulating the neurons is the focus of the latest research into spinal cord injuries.
2. How does the new device stimulate the spinal cord areas more directly
A. By stimulating nerves through the back of the spine.
B. By using the AI system.
C. By making signals enter the spine from the sides.
D. By sending the signals to the brain.
3. Which can best describe Bloch’s idea in the last paragraph
A. Every garden has its weeds.
B. Put the cart (运货马车) before the horse.
C. It's hard to please all.
D. Practice makes perfect.
4. What is the purpose of this text
A. To report the consequence of spinal cord injuries.
B. To introduce the findings of a recent research.
C. To compare a recent research with other previous researches.
D. To recommend a treatment for paralyzed patients.
【主题语境】人与社会—科学与技术
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员表示，一种安置在三名瘫痪患者身上的新型电子设备已经帮助他们重新行走。
【参考答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B
【第1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Now in the latest experiment led by Gregoire Courtine and Jocelyne Bloch of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, three paralyzed men were implanted a new electrical device designed to copy an action of the brain, in which it sends signals to the spinal cord that result in muscle movement.”可知，这种新的电子设备可以模仿大脑向脊髓发送信号。故选B项。
【第2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Courtine said that his team redesigned the devices so signals would enter the spine from the sides. This method permits more direct targeting and activation of spinal cord areas, he said.”可知，这种新设备通过让信号从两侧进入脊柱，更直接地刺激脊髓区域。故选C项。
【第3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Still, Bloch said, “The more they train, the more they start lifting their muscles, the more fluid it becomes.”可知，越训练就越熟练，可以得出熟能生巧这个观点。A. Every garden has its weeds. 人无完人；B. Put the cart before the horse.本末倒置；C. It’s hard to please all.众口难调；D. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。故选D项。
【第4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Researchers say a new electrical device placed in three paralyzed patients has helped them walk again.”可知，这篇文章的主要目的是为了介绍最近一项研究所取得的成果，人造骨髓植入物有望使瘫痪者恢复行走。故选B项。
4【2023届福建省七地市高三质量检测】
Imagine driving behind a huge truck shooting clouds of smoke into the air while your new fully electric vehicle cleans up its carbon emissions (排放). This dream may soon be a reality. A team of students in the Netherlands has created an electric car that not only doesn’t produce carbon dioxide when driving, but actually pulls it out of the air.
The two-seater sports car was designed and built in less than a year by a team of 32 students at Eindhoven University of Technology. Called “ZEM”, which stands for “zero emission mobility”, the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives. The team says if ZEM is driven about 32,000 kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That’s not a huge amount. The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time. However, they also point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology. And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would be huge.
ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: the car’s frame and panels (面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; and it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM’s battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature: it can be charged with solar panels on the car’s roof—and can even be used to provide power to your house when the car isn’t on the road.
According to the statistics, transportation was responsible for over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2020—and of those emissions, cars were responsible for 41%. The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生产商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too.
1. What is special about ZEM
A. It can end the world’s CO2 release.
B. It can cut the truck’s CO2 emissions.
C. It can reduce the level of CO2 in the air.
D. It can absorb dirty air as well as CO2.
2. Why does the team run the calculation of ZEM in paragraph 2
A. To demonstrate a superb vision of ZEM cars.
B. To explain how ZEM removes CO2 as trees do.
C. To illustrate the ongoing change in car making.
D. To show the influence of ZEM on the car market.
3. What do we know about all the components of ZEM
A. They are of high quality. B. They are easy to process.
C. They are convenient to print. D. They are environmentally friendly.
4. What does the Eindhoven team hope to achieve in the future
A. Sharp decline in fuel consumption. B. Mass production of ZEM cars.
C. Big success in beating other car makers. D. Dramatic changes in transportation.
【主题语境】人与社会—科学与技术
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰的一个学生团队发明了一种叫做ZEM的电动汽车，这种汽车不仅在驾驶时不产生二氧化碳，而且实际运行时可以从空气中提取二氧化碳。
【参考答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
【第1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Called “ZEM”, which stands for “zero emission mobility”, the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives.”可知，ZEM的特殊之处在于它能降低空气中的二氧化碳含量。故选C项。
【第2题详解】推理判断题。根据第二中“The team says if ZEM is driven about 32,000 kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That’s not a huge amount. The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time.”可推知，研究团队在第二段计算ZEM吸收二氧化碳的量是为了表明对ZEM汽车的美好愿景，故选A项。
【第3题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，ZEM的所有零部件都是环保的，故选D项。
【第4题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生产商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too.”可知，Eindhoven团队的目标是挑战电动汽车行业，由此可推知，Eindhoven希望在未来实现ZEM汽车的量产，故选B项。
5【福建省福州一中2023年模拟试题】
Cool Inventions For Light Sleepers
Millions of people have trouble falling asleep each night, which is why LightSleeper was created.
Developed in the United Kingdom，LightSleeper’s makers say it can help a person fall asleep and also help a person fall back to sleep after waking up in the middle of the night.
LightSleeper works by projecting (投射) a light onto the ceiling while the person is lying down. The idea is to watch the light, because the light moving in a circle has a relaxing effect.
One of the advantages of the product is that it won’t disturb other people in the room. The product can be easily moved and will switch itself off after 30 minutes to save power.
Stop the Snoring (打鼾)
Here’s a new product designed to slow down the frequency and level of your snoring. The Snore Stopper has a sensitive instrument that will detect when you’re snoring. Once it does that, it will send a very mild electronic signal to your wrist. This consequently changes your sleeping position to stop you from snoring. The Snore Stopper won’t cause any damage to your body.
Get Your True Colors
Photoshop features a pen that will copy the color settings of what you are monitoring on screen to use as a color in your program. Now an off line product allows you to pick a color when not using the computer software.
The Color Picker is a concept pen. After placing the pen against an object, the user just presses the scan button. Color sensors (感应器) inside the pen send information to a box, which then mixes red, green and blue to produce the desired ink color.
Keep It Fresh
More high technology products are showing up in the kitchen. A new Bagel dome (圆顶形物) advertises that it will keep your baked goods fresher for longer periods of time. The product, which is able to remove air, works for bread rolls, cakes and other perishables. To use it, you just push a button at the top.
1. How can LightSleeper help a person fall asleep
A. Its light makes people feel calm.
B. It doesn’t make any noise.
C. It is fixed on the ceiling.
D. Its light moves fast.
2. What do we know about the Snore Stopper
A. It will cause slight damage to a person’s body.
B. It will wake a person up once he starts snoring.
C. It can make sure a person doesn’t snore all night.
D. It can make a person snore less by changing his sleeping position.
3. The Color Picker will probably be used while you’re ________.
A. using the computer
B. drawing pictures
C. collecting information
D. designing a program
4. The underlined word “perishables” in the last paragraph refers to foods which ________.
A. are easy to keep B. go bad easily
C. are rich in vitamins D. keep you thin
【主题语境】人与社会—科学与技术
【语篇导读】本文是一篇广告类短文，介绍了四项小发明以及每项小发明的具体信息。
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B
【第1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一部分第三段最后一句The idea is to watch the light, because the light moving in a circle has a relaxing effect.可知这种机器可以发出光线，光线是以圆的形式出现，圆形有让人放松的作用，有助于人们的睡眠。故选A项。
【第2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二部分倒数第二句This consequently changes your sleeping position to stop you from snoring.可知这种发明通过改变人们的睡觉姿势阻止人们打呼噜。故选D项。
【第3题详解】推理判断题。根据第三部分第一句Photoshop features a pen that will copy the color settings of what you are monitoring on screen to use as a color in your program.可知这种发明主要与绘画时使用的颜色技巧相关，所以主要运用于绘画。故选B项。
【第4题详解】猜测词义题。根据本段第二句A new Bagel dome advertises that it will keep your baked goods fresher for longer periods of time.可知这种新发明可以让食物保鲜，所以本句“works for bread rolls, cakes and other perishables. ”中的划线词意思应该是与蛋糕类似容易变质的食物。故选B项。
6【2023浙江省七彩阳光联盟试题】
Imagine the busy streets of New York City, an enormous place with millions of people. Every day, the streets are crowded with people going about their daily lives. Now imagine a small robot in the middle of all of those people. Most people would not even notice the ten-inch smiling robot, called a Tweenbot, rolling along the busy sidewalk. This strange machine may interest some people, while others would ignore it completely. A researcher interested in studying how helpful people really are uses such robots in her experiments.
The Tweenbots experiment is the idea and creation of Kacie Kinzer, which was to make a robot that could navigate the city and reach its destination only if it was aided by pedestrians. Tweenbots rely on the kindness of warm-hearted strangers. Made simply of cardboard, wheels, and a device to turn the wheels, the Tweenbots face many dangers on the city streets. They could be run over by cars or smashed by careless kids. Each of Kinzer’s robots is fitted with a flag that displays instructions for the robot’s destination. The only way these robots will reach their final point is if someone lends them a hand. Tweenbots are essentially a social experiment aimed at providing people a chance to show how caring they are.
On a daily basis, people in New York City are often in a hurry to get around. However, the Tweenbots, through their inability to look after themselves, took people out of their normal routines. The people who noticed the helpless little robots were actually interested in helping the Tweenbots find their way home. Tweenbots move at a constant speed and can only go in a straight line. If one was to get stuck, or was going in the wrong direction, it would be up to strangers to free it or turn it in the right direction. Surprisingly, no Tweenbot was lost or damaged, and each one arrived at its target in good condition. In fact, most people treated the robot in a gentle manner, and some even treated it as though it were a small living being.
1. What’s the purpose of Kinzer’s experiment
A. To promote Tweenbots’ flexibility. B. To test people’s kindness.
C. To improve Tweenbot’s sense of direction. D. To highlight people’s sense of responsibility.
2. What does the writer want to show by listing many dangers in paragraph 2
A. How careless the kids are. B. How dependent Tweenbots are.
C. How crowded New York is. D. How dangerous the car drivers are.
3. What can a Tweenbot do
A. Free itself when stuck. B. Turn at the crossroads.
C. Instruct the strangers its destination. D. Walk at an unchanging speed.
4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. Tweenbots’ popularity. B. Tweenbots’ inability.
C. The result of the experiment. D. New Yorkers’ normal routines.
【主题语境】人与社会—科学与技术
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。研究人员Kacie Kinzer通过机器人Tweenbots来测试人们的善良程度，他的想法是制造一个机器人，可以在城市中导航，只有在行人的帮助下才能到达目的地。文章介绍了实验开展的过程以及结果。
【参考答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C
【第1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“A researcher interested in studying how helpful people really are uses such robots in her experiments.”可知，Kinzer实验的目的是测试人们的善良。故选B项。
【第2题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“The Tweenbots experiment is the idea and creation of Kacie Kinzer, which was to make a robot that could navigate the city and reach its destination only if it was aided by pedestrians. Tweenbots rely on the kindness of warm-hearted strangers”和“They could be run over by cars or smashed by careless kids. Each of Kinzer’s robots is fitted with a flag that displays instructions for the robot’s destination. The only way these robots will reach their final point is if someone lends them a hand.”可推知，作者在第二段中列举了许多危险，想说明Tweenbots到达目的地在多大程度上依赖人们善良的帮助。故选B项。
【第3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Tweenbots move at a constant speed and can only go in a straight line.”可知，Tweenbot能以不变的速度行走。故选D项。
【第4题详解】主旨大意题。最后一段主要讲了实验结果。故选C项。
7【2023浙江省宁波十校高三下学期联考试题】
Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence (分歧) between their goals and our own could destroy us.
Just think about how we relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.
The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and transcend us in ways that we can’t imagine.
So imagine we hit upon a design of super intelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’re talking bout the end of human labour. We’re also talking about the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in these circumstances
But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.
1. Why does the author mention ants in Paragraph 2
A. To compare intelligent machines to ants.
B. To show improved machines will get away from us.
C. To stress the presence of machines does conflict with our goals.
D. To explain future intelligent machines could treat us without mercy
2. What does the underlined word “transcend” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Disable. B. Inspire. C. Disappoint. D. Outpace.
3. How is the passage mainly developed
A. By making comparisons.
B. By giving assumptions.
C. By showing valid evidence.
D. By analyzing statistics
4. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s viewpoint towards Al
A. Human beings will no doubt be destroyed by AI in the future
B. Super intelligent AI will put an end to human labour eventually.
C. We should keep the development of AI within humans’ control.
D. Human beings should stop the development of super intelligent AI.
【主题语境】人与社会—科学与技术
【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文。文章通过假设和想象说明对于未来的智能机器，人类应该控制人工智能的发展，让人工智能更好地为人类服务。
【参考答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. C
【第1题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.”可知，此处提到平时我们对待蚂蚁尽量不伤害它们，而当蚂蚁的存在和我们的目标冲突时，我们会好不犹豫地杀死它们。拿此事例类比我们未来制造的智能机器，可以证明机器对待我们时也会一样的残忍。故选D项。
【第2题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词前半部分“If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine”可知，当机器人比我们更聪明时，它们的一些方式可能是我们无法想象，甚至在某些方面会超出我们的想象，所以划线词此处指“超越”，A项“使失去能力”；B项“启发，鼓舞”；C项“使失望”；D项“超越”，故选D项。
【第3题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.”，第三段中“If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine”以及第四段中“So imagine we hit upon a design of super intelligent AI that has no safety concerns.”可知，文章主要是通过假设来论证文章的主题。故选B项。
【第4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，当机器比人类更智能时，它们就会开始自我改进，制造出比人类更有竞争力的机器。当他们的目标和人类的目标稍有不同就会毁了人类。根据最后一段内容可知，人类应该要确保智能机器与人类共存，即人类要让智能机器处于人类的控制之内。故选C项。
8【2023湖南省部分学校高三一轮复习联考】
Researchers have developed a device that turns sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and formic acid (甲酸) — a stable fuel that can either be used directly or be changed into hydrogen, without requiring any additional components or electricity. The device, developed by a team from the University of Cambridge, is a significant step toward achieving artificial photosynthesis (光合作用).
Harvesting solar energy to turn carbon dioxide into fuels is a promising way to reduce carbon emissions. However, it is challenging to produce these clean fuels without unwanted by-products. “In addition, storage of gaseous fuels can be complicated — we want to get to the point where we can cleanly produce a liquid fuel that can also be easily stored and transported,” said Professor Eisner, senior author of the study.
In 2019, researchers from Eisner’s group developed a solar reactor based on an “artificial leaf” design, which also uses sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce a fuel, known as syn-gas. The new technology is quite similar to the artificial leaf but works in a different way and produces formic acid, which can be chemically converted into different types of fuel.
The artificial leaf used components from solar-cells, while the new device doesn’t require these components and relies entirely on photo-catalysts (光催化剂) placed on a sheet. The sheets are made up of semiconductor powders, which can be prepared in large quantities easily and cost-effectively. In addition, this new technology produces clean fuels that are easier to store.
“We were surprised how well it worked — it produced almost no by-products,” said Eisner. “Sometimes things don’t work as well as you expected, but this was a rare case where it actually worked better.”
The researchers are now working to further improve efficiency. Additionally, they are exploring other catalysts to get different solar fuels. “We hope this technology will pave the way toward sustainable and practical solar fuel production,” said Eisner.
1. What was a problem with artificial photosynthesis
A. It consumes too much electricity.
B. It produces too many by-products.
C. The energy it produces is not easy to store.
D. The energy it produces cannot be used directly.
2. What advantage does the new device have over the artificial leaf
A. It is more environment-friendly. B. It is lighter and easier to carry.
C. It is more economical and efficient. D. It uses less energy-demanding solar cells.
3. What do the researchers focus on doing now
A. Trying out new catalysts. B. Making full use of by-products.
C. Exploring other sustainable fuels. D. Mass-producing their new device.
4. What can be the best title for the text
A. The prospect of artificial photosynthesis
B. A new device for artificial photosynthesis
C. Opportunities and challenges of photo-catalysts
D. Artificial leaf: great progress on making clean energy
【主题语境】人与社会—科学与技术
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员模拟光合作用发明了一种新设备，可将阳光、二氧化碳和水转化成清洁能源。
【参考答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B
【第1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In addition, storage of gaseous fuels can be complicated — we want to get to the point where we can cleanly produce a liquid fuel that can also be easily stored and transported”可知，人工光合作用的一个问题就是产生的气态燃料不易储存。故选C项。
【第2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，与人造叶子相比，新设备既经济又高效。故选C项。
【第3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Additionally, they are exploring other catalysts to get different solar fuels”可知，研究人员现在专注于试验新的催化剂。故选A项。
【第4题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员发明的一种可用于人工光合作用的新设备。由此可知，B. A new device for artificial photosynthesis(人工光合作用的新装置)适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。
9【2023届广东省梅州市高三一模英语试题】
While most of us are never without our smartphones robots may also soon become essential companions. It certainly seems so based on the recent experiments conducted by researchers in Japan, who developed a wearable soft robot for patients to use during treatments, such as injections(注射) and other unpleasant therapies in an attempt to ease their pain and defend people against anxiety. On being subjected to a moderate heat stimulus(刺激), the study participants who wore the robot experienced less pain than in the tests in which they did not wear the robot.
During the campaign to encourage vaccination against COVID-19, public health officials recognized that some people are simply afraid of needles, which contributed to reduced vaccination rates. While the problems of patient anxiety and pain during medical procedures have been well studied there remains a need to test and implement solutions to help patients.
The soft fur-covered robot the scientists called Reliebo was designed to be attached to the participant’s hand. The researchers tested its effectiveness under various conditions based on the clenching of the participant’s hand, while applying the painful thermal stimulus to the other arm that was not being used to hold the robot. The researchers found that holding the robot helped relieve the experience for patients regardless of the experimental conditions used, and concluded that the feelings of well -being that can be created by human touch may have also been activated by the robot. “It is well known that interpersonal touch can reduce pain and fear, and we believe that this effect can be achieved even with nonliving soft robots,” states Professor Tanaka.
This may be useful when actual human contact is not feasible, such as during pandemics. Future versions of the robot might use a controlled gaze or even AR (augmented reality) technologies to help build a connection with the patient or distract them from pain perception in various situations.
1. What is the purpose of the robot
A. To assist doctors in injecting accurately.
B. To help relieve people’s pain from injections.
C. To evaluate patients’ physical and mental health.
D. To assess the effects of getting vaccinated against COVID-19.
2. How does the robot ease the pain and anxiety of the patients
A. The robot is designed to be attached to the patients’ hand.
B. The robot’s soft fur gives the patients a feeling of well- being.
C. The robot’s “interpersonal touch” creates a feelings of well-being.
D. The robot instructs the researchers to relieve the experience for patients.
3. What will researchers probably do next
A. Develop other devices for medical treatment.
B. Carry out more and more tests on the robot.
C. Evaluate the possible risk of using the robot.
D. Promote the application of the robot worldwide
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A. How to Reduce People’s Fear of Injections.
B. Advanced Technology Helps to Cure Patients
C. Being Afraid of Needles Reduced Vaccination Rates
D. Wearable Soft Robot Helps People Scare of injections.
【主题语境】人与社会—科学与技术
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本研究人员最近进行的实验，他们开发了一种可穿戴的软体机器人从而保护人们免受焦虑。
【参考答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D
【第1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It certainly seems so based on the recent experiments conducted by researchers in Japan, who developed a wearable soft robot for patients to use during treatments, such as injections(注射) and other unpleasant therapies in an attempt to ease their pain and defend people against anxiety.”可知，这款机器人可以减轻患者的疼痛。故选B项。
【第2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The researchers found that holding the robot helped relieve the experience for patients regardless of the experimental conditions used, and concluded that the feelings of well -being that can be created by human touch may have also been activated by the robot. “It is well known that interpersonal touch can reduce pain and fear, and we believe that this effect can be achieved even with nonliving soft robots,” states Professor Tanaka.”可知，这款机器人让人们在触摸它的时候产生了幸福感，从而缓解了疼痛和焦虑。故选C项。
【第3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Future versions of the robot might use a controlled gaze or even AR (augmented reality) technologies to help build a connection with the patient or distract them from pain perception in various situations.”可推断，研究人员未来会开发一些其他的医疗功能。故选A项。
【第4题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“It certainly seems so based on the recent experiments conducted by researchers in Japan, who developed a wearable soft robot for patients to use during treatments, such as injections(注射) and other unpleasant therapies in an attempt to ease their pain and defend people against anxiety. On being subjected to a moderate heat stimulus(刺激), the study participants who wore the robot experienced less pain than in the tests in which they did not wear the robot.”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种可穿戴的软体机器人，它们可以帮助那些害怕注射的人们，以缓解他们的焦虑。所以“Wearable Soft Robot Helps People Scare of injections.(可穿戴软机器人帮助人们避免打针。)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D项。
10【2023年湖北省十堰市统考一模】
These days, there’s a green version of just about everything. There are cars that run on electricity and alternative fuels, houses that are powered by solar energy and wind farms seemingly popping up on every open space from California to coastal Japan. Even drones (无人机) ate getting in on the action. The unmanned air vehicles are also being put to environmental uses around the globe.
The eye in the sky that they provide helps researchers better understand what’s going on with the natural world in which we live. For environmentalists and earth scientists, the flying machines can be sent way up in the air to record sweeping footage of a large area to track the impact of things like climate change, migration and the acts of cutting down and burning forest trees, which can be done without having to buy a helicopter, rent a plane or tape a video camera to a bird.
Sure, there’s plenty of satellite footage already out there, but drones let researchers accurately position the data set that they want to get a quicker, closer look at the area that they’re looking to monitor. In 2013, for example, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sent a drone into the Turrialba Volcano in Costa Rica to gather data about its emissions. The temperature, ash height and gas concentration information collected during the mission helped earth scientists determine which way the volcanic and potentially poisonous gas erupting from the volcano was moving and take steps to limit its environmental impact.
Similarly, Arctic researchers are using drones to help study temperature change and the melting of glaciers. They use drones equipped with infrared (红外线的) cameras to sweep into places that they may otherwise not be able to reach to monitor and collect data on the melting ice. The same flying machines may also eventually be used to transport other data collection tools into the wild.
1. How does the author lead in the topic of the text
A. By giving examples. B. By listing data.
C. By drawing a distinction. D. By making assumptions.
2. What mainly makes drones used to better watch nature
A. The high safety.
B. The huge space.
C. The recovery capability after damage.
D. The ability to collect data at a high altitude.
3. What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us about drones
A. Their production steps.
B. Their practical functions.
C. Their potential impacts on the atmosphere.
D. Their data set for motoring the environment.
4. Which is a suitable title for the text
A. Drones: Poisonous B. Drones: Eco-friendly
C. Drones: Limited D. Drones: Adaptable
【主题语境】人与社会—科学与技术
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了无人机在环境保护方面的应用。
【参考答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B
【第1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“These days, there’s a green version of just about everything. There are cars that run on electricity and alternative fuels, houses that are powered by solar energy and wind farms seemingly popping up on every open space from California to coastal Japan. Even drones (无人机) ate getting in on the action.”可知，本段中作者列举了生活中随处可见的环保行为：电动汽车代替燃料汽车，太阳能驱动的房屋和风力发电场，引入了本文的话题。故选A项。
【第2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，使用无人机可以帮助研究人员更好地了解我们生活的自然世界正在发生什么，可以在空中实现影像采集，追踪气候变化，动物迁徙以及人类对森林的破坏行为。故选D项。
【第3题详解】主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中“drones let researchers accurately position the data set that they want to get a quicker, closer look at the area that they’re looking to monitor. ” 讲述了无人机能实现的功能。最后一段中“Similarly, Arctic researchers are using drones to help study temperature change and the melting of glaciers. ”具体说明了无人机在研究气温变化和冰川融化方面的帮助作用。所以两段主要说明了无人机的实际生活中的运用。故选B项。
【第4题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段中“These days, there’s a green version of just about everything.” “The unmanned air vehicles are also being put to environmental uses around the globe.” 同时根据本段中的举例，引出了文章的话题：无人机在环境保护方面的应用。第二段提到了无人机可用于观测自然的原因，最后两段阐述了无人机的实际应用。所以本文的标题应为：用于环境保护的无人机。选项B与文意相符，故选B项。跳出题海：主题语境专项训练
阅读理解---人与社会之科学与技术（二）【原卷版】
1【2023湖北省十一校二模】
Recently, Google researchers published a paper describing results from an artificial intelligence (AI) tool, called MusicLM, built to create music. It is not the first AI music tool to launch. But the examples Google provides demonstrate musical creative ability based on a limited set of descriptive words. AI shows how complex computer systems have been trained to behave in human-like ways. Google engineers explain the MusicLM system this way:
First, a user comes up with a word or words that describe the kind of music they want the tool to create. For example, a user could enter this short phrase into the system: “a continuous calming violin backed by a soft guitar sound.”The descriptions entered can include different music styles, instruments or other existing sounds. Several different music examples produced by MusicLM were published online. Some of the generated music came from just one-or-two-word descriptions, such as “jazz”, or “techno”. The system created other examples from more detailed descriptions containing whole sentences. In the resulting recording, the music seems to keep very close to the description. The team said that the more detailed the description is, the better the system can attempt to produce it.
In addition to generating new music from written descriptions, the team said the system can also create examples based on a person’s own singing, whistling or playing an instrument. The researchers said the tool “produces high-quality music...over several minutes, while being faithful to the text conditioning signal”.
Although it hasn’t been released for public use, Google announced it was releasing a “high-quality dataset (数据集)”of more than 5, 500 music-writing pairs prepared by professional musicians called MusicCaps. The researchers took that step to assist in the development of other AI music generators.
The MusicLM researchers said they believe they have designed a new tool to help anyone quickly and easily create high-quality music selections. However, the team said it also recognizes some risks linked to the machine learning process
1. How does MusicLM work
A. It adapts music from recordings.
B. It generates music from written descriptions.
C. It teaches users how to play a musical instrument.
D. It recommends songs based on a user’s listening history.
2. Why did Google release the MusicCaps dataset
A. To display the capabilities of MusicLM.
B. To allow the public to use MusicLM.
C. To help develop other AI music generators.
D. To promote the MusicCaps music-writing service.
3. What might be an advantage of using MusicLM for music creation
A. It can improve the overall quality of music in the industry.
B. It can replace human musicians and composers.
C. It can produce music that is more complex than human-made music.
D. It can create music quickly and efficiently.
4. What is the main idea of the article
A. Google has developed MusicLMA to create music from written descriptions and other inputs.
B. MusicLM-an example of AI systems can behave in human-like ways.
C. MusicLM can create music following written descriptions and using others as input.
D. Google has released a dataset to help develop other AI music generators.
2【2023辽宁省鞍山市高三二模】
Some people worry about robots taking work away from human beings, but there are a few jobs that even these people admit most of us would not want. One is cleaning up radioactive waste, particularly when it is inside a nuclear power station.
So, send in the robots In 2011 the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station in Japan suffered a series of meltdowns after its safety systems failed following a tsunami. Robots were then sent into it to monitor radiation levels and start cleaning things up. Many got stuck, broke down or had their circuits fried by the intense radiation.
Stopping such things happening again is part of the work of the National Centre for Nuclear Robotics (NCNR). It is led by Rustam Stolkin of the University of Birmingham, and its purpose is to improve the routine use of robotics in nuclear power stations. One problem with the robots sent into the ruins of Fukushima Daiichi was that they were not particularly clever. Most were operated by someone at a safe distance. Such machines’ arms are tricky to move accurately when viewed via a video screen. Dr. Stolkin believes the answer is to equip them with artificial intelligence (AI), so that they can operate by themselves.
The nuclear industry, however, is extremely prudent. So, for the moment, AI is needed to assist human operators. For example, instead of relying on a remote human operator to operate all its controls, an AI-equipped robot faced with a pile of different objects to move would use a camera to understand those objects’ shapes and positions relative to one another. It could then plan how best to grasp each object and move it to a properly designed disposal skip.
Other members of NCNR are examining different aspects of the problem. At the University of Bristol, Tom Scott leads a group working on means for robots to identify materials, including various sorts of plastic. Gerhard Neumann of the University of Lincoln is developing advanced navigation systems. And to ensure robots’ circuits don’t get fried, Klaus McDonald Maier at the University of Essex is developing electronics to fight against the effects of radiation.
1. How did the robots perform at Fukushima Daiichi in 2011
A. They were not capable of the task. B. They cleaned up the waste in time.
C. They were not affected by radiation. D. They found it hard to identify materials.
2. What does the underlined word “prudent” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Admiring. B. Cautious. C. Successful. D. Independent.
3. Which university is trying to help robots find out what objects are made of
A. The University of Birmingham. B. The University of Lincoln.
C. The University of Bristol. D. The University of Essex.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Will AI robots threaten more jobs
B. Could robots replace human beings
C. Extreme robotics: cleaning up nuclear waste
D. Nuclear robotics: speeding up the exploration
3【2023重庆第二外国语学校高三试题】
Researchers say a new electrical device placed in three paralyzed patients has helped them walk again. The lower bodies of the three patients were left paralyzed after they suffered spinal (脊柱的) cord injuries. But a device implanted in the spinal cord was able to send electrical signals to the muscles to permit them to stand, walk and exercise.
Scientists have discovered that neurons—which receive and send signals for muscle movements—often still work in injured patients with serious spinal cord injuries. However, past research into spinal cord injuries has centered on the stimulation of neurons. Now in the latest experiment led by Gregoire Courtine and Jocelyne Bloch of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, three paralyzed men were implanted a new electrical device designed to copy an action of the brain, in which it sends signals to the spinal cord that result in muscle movement. When the spinal cord receives the brain signals, it stimulates a collection of nerve cells that can activate different muscles.
The researchers reported that all three patients who got the spinal cord implants were able to take their first steps within an hour after receiving them. Over the next six months, the patients regained the ability to take part in more advanced walking activities, the study found. They were also able to ride bicycles and swim in community settings.
Unlike other attempts to help paralyzed patients walk by stimulating nerves through the back of the spine, Courtine said that his team redesigned the devices so signals would enter the spine from the sides. This method permits more direct targeting and activation of spinal cord areas, he said.
The team then developed artificial intelligence (AI) systems linked to the device. The AI controls electrodes on the device to send signals to stimulate individual nerves that control muscles needed for walking and other activities. However, because the patients’ muscles were weak from not being used, they needed help with supporting their weight, the researchers said. It also took some time for them to learn to work with the technology. Still, Bloch said, “The more they train, the more they start lifting their muscles, the more fluid it becomes.”
1. What can be inferred from paragraph 2
A. Courtine and Bloch have found that neurons in paralyzed patients still work.
B. The new electrical device can imitate the brain to send signals to the spinal cord.
C. Three paralyzed men recovered with the help of a new electrical device.
D. Stimulating the neurons is the focus of the latest research into spinal cord injuries.
2. How does the new device stimulate the spinal cord areas more directly
A. By stimulating nerves through the back of the spine.
B. By using the AI system.
C. By making signals enter the spine from the sides.
D. By sending the signals to the brain.
3. Which can best describe Bloch’s idea in the last paragraph
A. Every garden has its weeds.
B. Put the cart (运货马车) before the horse.
C. It's hard to please all.
D. Practice makes perfect.
4. What is the purpose of this text
A. To report the consequence of spinal cord injuries.
B. To introduce the findings of a recent research.
C. To compare a recent research with other previous researches.
D. To recommend a treatment for paralyzed patients.
4【2023届福建省七地市高三质量检测】
Imagine driving behind a huge truck shooting clouds of smoke into the air while your new fully electric vehicle cleans up its carbon emissions (排放). This dream may soon be a reality. A team of students in the Netherlands has created an electric car that not only doesn’t produce carbon dioxide when driving, but actually pulls it out of the air.
The two-seater sports car was designed and built in less than a year by a team of 32 students at Eindhoven University of Technology. Called “ZEM”, which stands for “zero emission mobility”, the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives. The team says if ZEM is driven about 32,000 kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That’s not a huge amount. The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time. However, they also point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology. And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would be huge.
ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: the car’s frame and panels (面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; and it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM’s battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature: it can be charged with solar panels on the car’s roof—and can even be used to provide power to your house when the car isn’t on the road.
According to the statistics, transportation was responsible for over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2020—and of those emissions, cars were responsible for 41%. The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生产商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too.
1. What is special about ZEM
A. It can end the world’s CO2 release.
B. It can cut the truck’s CO2 emissions.
C. It can reduce the level of CO2 in the air.
D. It can absorb dirty air as well as CO2.
2. Why does the team run the calculation of ZEM in paragraph 2
A. To demonstrate a superb vision of ZEM cars.
B. To explain how ZEM removes CO2 as trees do.
C. To illustrate the ongoing change in car making.
D. To show the influence of ZEM on the car market.
3. What do we know about all the components of ZEM
A. They are of high quality. B. They are easy to process.
C. They are convenient to print. D. They are environmentally friendly.
4. What does the Eindhoven team hope to achieve in the future
A. Sharp decline in fuel consumption. B. Mass production of ZEM cars.
C. Big success in beating other car makers. D. Dramatic changes in transportation.
5【福建省福州一中2023年模拟试题】
Cool Inventions For Light Sleepers
Millions of people have trouble falling asleep each night, which is why LightSleeper was created.
Developed in the United Kingdom，LightSleeper’s makers say it can help a person fall asleep and also help a person fall back to sleep after waking up in the middle of the night.
LightSleeper works by projecting (投射) a light onto the ceiling while the person is lying down. The idea is to watch the light, because the light moving in a circle has a relaxing effect.
One of the advantages of the product is that it won’t disturb other people in the room. The product can be easily moved and will switch itself off after 30 minutes to save power.
Stop the Snoring (打鼾)
Here’s a new product designed to slow down the frequency and level of your snoring. The Snore Stopper has a sensitive instrument that will detect when you’re snoring. Once it does that, it will send a very mild electronic signal to your wrist. This consequently changes your sleeping position to stop you from snoring. The Snore Stopper won’t cause any damage to your body.
Get Your True Colors
Photoshop features a pen that will copy the color settings of what you are monitoring on screen to use as a color in your program. Now an off line product allows you to pick a color when not using the computer software.
The Color Picker is a concept pen. After placing the pen against an object, the user just presses the scan button. Color sensors (感应器) inside the pen send information to a box, which then mixes red, green and blue to produce the desired ink color.
Keep It Fresh
More high technology products are showing up in the kitchen. A new Bagel dome (圆顶形物) advertises that it will keep your baked goods fresher for longer periods of time. The product, which is able to remove air, works for bread rolls, cakes and other perishables. To use it, you just push a button at the top.
1. How can LightSleeper help a person fall asleep
A. Its light makes people feel calm.
B. It doesn’t make any noise.
C. It is fixed on the ceiling.
D. Its light moves fast.
2. What do we know about the Snore Stopper
A. It will cause slight damage to a person’s body.
B. It will wake a person up once he starts snoring.
C. It can make sure a person doesn’t snore all night.
D. It can make a person snore less by changing his sleeping position.
3. The Color Picker will probably be used while you’re ________.
A. using the computer
B. drawing pictures
C. collecting information
D. designing a program
4. The underlined word “perishables” in the last paragraph refers to foods which ________.
A. are easy to keep B. go bad easily
C. are rich in vitamins D. keep you thin
6【2023浙江省七彩阳光联盟试题】
Imagine the busy streets of New York City, an enormous place with millions of people. Every day, the streets are crowded with people going about their daily lives. Now imagine a small robot in the middle of all of those people. Most people would not even notice the ten-inch smiling robot, called a Tweenbot, rolling along the busy sidewalk. This strange machine may interest some people, while others would ignore it completely. A researcher interested in studying how helpful people really are uses such robots in her experiments.
The Tweenbots experiment is the idea and creation of Kacie Kinzer, which was to make a robot that could navigate the city and reach its destination only if it was aided by pedestrians. Tweenbots rely on the kindness of warm-hearted strangers. Made simply of cardboard, wheels, and a device to turn the wheels, the Tweenbots face many dangers on the city streets. They could be run over by cars or smashed by careless kids. Each of Kinzer’s robots is fitted with a flag that displays instructions for the robot’s destination. The only way these robots will reach their final point is if someone lends them a hand. Tweenbots are essentially a social experiment aimed at providing people a chance to show how caring they are.
On a daily basis, people in New York City are often in a hurry to get around. However, the Tweenbots, through their inability to look after themselves, took people out of their normal routines. The people who noticed the helpless little robots were actually interested in helping the Tweenbots find their way home. Tweenbots move at a constant speed and can only go in a straight line. If one was to get stuck, or was going in the wrong direction, it would be up to strangers to free it or turn it in the right direction. Surprisingly, no Tweenbot was lost or damaged, and each one arrived at its target in good condition. In fact, most people treated the robot in a gentle manner, and some even treated it as though it were a small living being.
1. What’s the purpose of Kinzer’s experiment
A. To promote Tweenbots’ flexibility. B. To test people’s kindness.
C. To improve Tweenbot’s sense of direction. D. To highlight people’s sense of responsibility.
2. What does the writer want to show by listing many dangers in paragraph 2
A. How careless the kids are. B. How dependent Tweenbots are.
C. How crowded New York is. D. How dangerous the car drivers are.
3. What can a Tweenbot do
A. Free itself when stuck. B. Turn at the crossroads.
C. Instruct the strangers its destination. D. Walk at an unchanging speed.
4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. Tweenbots’ popularity. B. Tweenbots’ inability.
C. The result of the experiment. D. New Yorkers’ normal routines.
7【2023浙江省宁波十校高三下学期联考试题】
Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence (分歧) between their goals and our own could destroy us.
Just think about how we relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.
The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and transcend us in ways that we can’t imagine.
So imagine we hit upon a design of super intelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’re talking bout the end of human labour. We’re also talking about the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in these circumstances
But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.
1. Why does the author mention ants in Paragraph 2
A. To compare intelligent machines to ants.
B. To show improved machines will get away from us.
C. To stress the presence of machines does conflict with our goals.
D. To explain future intelligent machines could treat us without mercy
2. What does the underlined word “transcend” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Disable. B. Inspire. C. Disappoint. D. Outpace.
3. How is the passage mainly developed
A. By making comparisons.
B. By giving assumptions.
C. By showing valid evidence.
D. By analyzing statistics
4. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s viewpoint towards Al
A. Human beings will no doubt be destroyed by AI in the future
B. Super intelligent AI will put an end to human labour eventually.
C. We should keep the development of AI within humans’ control.
D. Human beings should stop the development of super intelligent AI.
8【2023湖南省部分学校高三一轮复习联考】
Researchers have developed a device that turns sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and formic acid (甲酸) — a stable fuel that can either be used directly or be changed into hydrogen, without requiring any additional components or electricity. The device, developed by a team from the University of Cambridge, is a significant step toward achieving artificial photosynthesis (光合作用).
Harvesting solar energy to turn carbon dioxide into fuels is a promising way to reduce carbon emissions. However, it is challenging to produce these clean fuels without unwanted by-products. “In addition, storage of gaseous fuels can be complicated — we want to get to the point where we can cleanly produce a liquid fuel that can also be easily stored and transported,” said Professor Eisner, senior author of the study.
In 2019, researchers from Eisner’s group developed a solar reactor based on an “artificial leaf” design, which also uses sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce a fuel, known as syn-gas. The new technology is quite similar to the artificial leaf but works in a different way and produces formic acid, which can be chemically converted into different types of fuel.
The artificial leaf used components from solar-cells, while the new device doesn’t require these components and relies entirely on photo-catalysts (光催化剂) placed on a sheet. The sheets are made up of semiconductor powders, which can be prepared in large quantities easily and cost-effectively. In addition, this new technology produces clean fuels that are easier to store.
“We were surprised how well it worked — it produced almost no by-products,” said Eisner. “Sometimes things don’t work as well as you expected, but this was a rare case where it actually worked better.”
The researchers are now working to further improve efficiency. Additionally, they are exploring other catalysts to get different solar fuels. “We hope this technology will pave the way toward sustainable and practical solar fuel production,” said Eisner.
1. What was a problem with artificial photosynthesis
A. It consumes too much electricity.
B. It produces too many by-products.
C. The energy it produces is not easy to store.
D. The energy it produces cannot be used directly.
2. What advantage does the new device have over the artificial leaf
A. It is more environment-friendly. B. It is lighter and easier to carry.
C. It is more economical and efficient. D. It uses less energy-demanding solar cells.
3. What do the researchers focus on doing now
A. Trying out new catalysts. B. Making full use of by-products.
C. Exploring other sustainable fuels. D. Mass-producing their new device.
4. What can be the best title for the text
A. The prospect of artificial photosynthesis
B. A new device for artificial photosynthesis
C. Opportunities and challenges of photo-catalysts
D. Artificial leaf: great progress on making clean energy
9【2023届广东省梅州市高三一模英语试题】
While most of us are never without our smartphones robots may also soon become essential companions. It certainly seems so based on the recent experiments conducted by researchers in Japan, who developed a wearable soft robot for patients to use during treatments, such as injections(注射) and other unpleasant therapies in an attempt to ease their pain and defend people against anxiety. On being subjected to a moderate heat stimulus(刺激), the study participants who wore the robot experienced less pain than in the tests in which they did not wear the robot.
During the campaign to encourage vaccination against COVID-19, public health officials recognized that some people are simply afraid of needles, which contributed to reduced vaccination rates. While the problems of patient anxiety and pain during medical procedures have been well studied there remains a need to test and implement solutions to help patients.
The soft fur-covered robot the scientists called Reliebo was designed to be attached to the participant’s hand. The researchers tested its effectiveness under various conditions based on the clenching of the participant’s hand, while applying the painful thermal stimulus to the other arm that was not being used to hold the robot. The researchers found that holding the robot helped relieve the experience for patients regardless of the experimental conditions used, and concluded that the feelings of well -being that can be created by human touch may have also been activated by the robot. “It is well known that interpersonal touch can reduce pain and fear, and we believe that this effect can be achieved even with nonliving soft robots,” states Professor Tanaka.
This may be useful when actual human contact is not feasible, such as during pandemics. Future versions of the robot might use a controlled gaze or even AR (augmented reality) technologies to help build a connection with the patient or distract them from pain perception in various situations.
1. What is the purpose of the robot
A. To assist doctors in injecting accurately.
B. To help relieve people’s pain from injections.
C. To evaluate patients’ physical and mental health.
D. To assess the effects of getting vaccinated against COVID-19.
2. How does the robot ease the pain and anxiety of the patients
A. The robot is designed to be attached to the patients’ hand.
B. The robot’s soft fur gives the patients a feeling of well- being.
C. The robot’s “interpersonal touch” creates a feelings of well-being.
D. The robot instructs the researchers to relieve the experience for patients.
3. What will researchers probably do next
A. Develop other devices for medical treatment.
B. Carry out more and more tests on the robot.
C. Evaluate the possible risk of using the robot.
D. Promote the application of the robot worldwide
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A. How to Reduce People’s Fear of Injections.
B. Advanced Technology Helps to Cure Patients
C. Being Afraid of Needles Reduced Vaccination Rates
D. Wearable Soft Robot Helps People Scare of injections.
10【2023年湖北省十堰市统考一模】
These days, there’s a green version of just about everything. There are cars that run on electricity and alternative fuels, houses that are powered by solar energy and wind farms seemingly popping up on every open space from California to coastal Japan. Even drones (无人机) ate getting in on the action. The unmanned air vehicles are also being put to environmental uses around the globe.
The eye in the sky that they provide helps researchers better understand what’s going on with the natural world in which we live. For environmentalists and earth scientists, the flying machines can be sent way up in the air to record sweeping footage of a large area to track the impact of things like climate change, migration and the acts of cutting down and burning forest trees, which can be done without having to buy a helicopter, rent a plane or tape a video camera to a bird.
Sure, there’s plenty of satellite footage already out there, but drones let researchers accurately position the data set that they want to get a quicker, closer look at the area that they’re looking to monitor. In 2013, for example, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sent a drone into the Turrialba Volcano in Costa Rica to gather data about its emissions. The temperature, ash height and gas concentration information collected during the mission helped earth scientists determine which way the volcanic and potentially poisonous gas erupting from the volcano was moving and take steps to limit its environmental impact.
Similarly, Arctic researchers are using drones to help study temperature change and the melting of glaciers. They use drones equipped with infrared (红外线的) cameras to sweep into places that they may otherwise not be able to reach to monitor and collect data on the melting ice. The same flying machines may also eventually be used to transport other data collection tools into the wild.
1. How does the author lead in the topic of the text
A. By giving examples. B. By listing data.
C. By drawing a distinction. D. By making assumptions.
2. What mainly makes drones used to better watch nature
A. The high safety.
B. The huge space.
C. The recovery capability after damage.
D. The ability to collect data at a high altitude.
3. What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us about drones
A. Their production steps.
B. Their practical functions.
C. Their potential impacts on the atmosphere.
D. Their data set for motoring the environment.
4. Which is a suitable title for the text
A. Drones: Poisonous B. Drones: Eco-friendly
C. Drones: Limited D. Drones: Adaptable
