北师大版（2019）高二英语上学期期中试卷（含解析）
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| 名称 | 北师大版（2019）高二英语上学期期中试卷（含解析） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 北师大版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-03-18 10:58:23 | ||
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高二英语期中试卷B卷
阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established in 1958, which has many famous tourist attractions.
Shapotou, Zhongwei
Shapotou scenic zone, 16 kilometers west of Zhongwei County in the northwestern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, has become a must-see for tourists who visit Ningxia. Wang Wei, a famous poet in ancient China, recorded the beauty of Shapotou in a poem on a mission to the frontier.
The park has many activities on offer, which include drifting on the Yellow River and sliding from a sand dune.
Scenic Spot Level: AAAAA
Ideal Sightseeing Season: May to early October
Ticket Price: 80 yuan ($11.7)
Half Price:
①Minors between the ages of 7 and 18;
②Full-time university bachelor or junior degree students with a registered student ID card.
Shahu Lake, Shizuishan
Shahu Lake, one of the top 10 destinations for holidays in Shizuishan city, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in Northwest China, is surrounded by large marshlands(沼泽) and desert, and is known as the “pearl of the desert” along the Silk Road. The location of the 1995 movie A Chinese Odyssey attracts many visitors.
Scenic Spot Level: AAAAA
Ideal Sightseeing Season: May to early October
Ticket Price: 50 yuan ($7.32)
Half Price:
①Minors between the ages of 7 and 18;
②Full-time university bachelor or junior degree students with a registered student ID card.
Mingcui Lake National Wetland Park, Yinchuan
Nfingcui Lake National Wetland Park is perhaps the best ecological wetland in China. It is the first national wetland park of the Yellow River Basin. The first established and expanding water and land sports base in the northwest integrates outdoor training, science education, leisure and fishing.
Scenic Spot Level: AAAAA
Ideal Sightseeing Season: March to May
Ticket Price: 40 yuan ($5.9)
HalfPrice: Full-time university bachelor or junior degree students with a registered student ID card.
Zhenbeipu Western Film Studio, Yinchuan
Zhenbeipu Western Film Studio, located in Yinchuan city, capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, has produced many world-famous films, one of which is Zhang Yimou’s Red Sorghum.
Zhenbeipu functioned as a frontier in the Ming Dynasty, but today, the studio has become a tourism destination fully integrating sightseeing, entertainment, relaxation, dining and shopping.
Scenic Spot Level: AAAAA
Ideal Sightseeing Season: Late April to early October
Ticket Price: 80 yuan ($11.7)
Half Price: Full-time university bachelor or junior degree students with a roistered student ID card.
1．How much should a couple with a full-time university bachelor pay for travelling to Shapotou
A．80 yuan. B．120 yuan. C．160 yuan. D．200 yuan.
2．Where will fans of the film Red Sorghum most probably choose to go
A．Shapotou, Zhongwei.
B．Shahu Lake, Shizuishan.
C．Mingcui Lake National Wetland Park, Yinchuan.
D．Zhenbeipu Western Film Studio, Yinchuan.
3．Where is this text most likely taken from
A．A research paper. B．A travel brochure.
C．A science journal. D．A geography textbook.
B
There’re lots of articles in which writers like me leave social media and report on how their lives have transformed. I swore I wouldn’t add to it. But here I am, writing about it. And I’m doing so because it didn’t change my life in quite the way that I expected or many of these essays promised it would.
I genuinely enjoyed Twitter. The problem was that I loved it a little too much. I’d find myself checking it when I should be working, running late to my daughters’ school events because I tried to fit in a quick glance or staying up far too late surfing vast oceans of information, tired and barely interested but unable to resist it.
In November, my friends encouraged me to drop my Twitter habit, at least for a little while. My life was overfull, and this was something I could cut out. I followed, though hesitantly and with a little bit of unwillingness, because I trust my friends and their wisdom.
I went from being on it nearly every day to being off it for two months now. Being offline didn’t make my life that joyful. But there is one way that leaving Twitter has benefited my life and my mind. The times when I checked Twitter were often the transition points in my day: when I waited in line or to pick up my kids from school. Freeing up those seemingly inconsequential moments has been transformative. These moments are nothing I really considered before and I even didn’t notice their departure when I began going online. Leaving them unfilled has changed how I walk through time. I may wave to a neighbor; I may feel gratitude or delight. I may notice that I feel tired or lonely. But this, too, is part of the gifts of these small moments.
Our days, which are so full of work and thinking, of disappointments and confusion, must have moments when nothing much is happening, moments when we get no input, no videos, no opinions.
4．What do we know about the author
A．The author’s life was disturbed by the overuse of Twitter.
B．The author followed the friends’ advice without hestitation.
C．The author shared the same idea with other writers about Twitter.
D．The author’s interest in the information online drove him to check Twitter.
5．What does the underlined word “inconsequential” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Unforgettable. B．Unimportant. C．Tough. D．Boring.
6．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text
A．To persuade readers to block Twitter.
B．To show the influence of social media.
C．To share an unexpected benefit of staying offline.
D．To raise doubts about the promised effects of being offline.
7．What might be the best title for the text
A．Free up Small Moments B．No Twitter, No Trouble
C．Take a Moment to Reflect D．Small Changes, Big Differences
C
Empathy and generosity are two traits (特征) that make the world go around. But a study suggests that the willingness to help collapses when people get too little-or poor-sleep.
To see how sleep affects how much humans help one another, researchers conducted three experiments designed to examine the issue from the individual to the societal scale. Their results are published in PLOS Biology.
In the first experiment, researchers performed functional MRI scans (功能性磁共振成像扫描) of the brain and asked questions to 24 adults after eight hours of sleep and after a night with no sleep. When they were well rested, the participants scored well on a helping behavior test. But after sleep loss, 78 percent had less of a desire to help others, even when it came to friends and family. The scans showed that areas of the brain associated with social cognition-our thought processes related to other people-were less active with sleep loss.
The second experiment tracked 136 healthy adults over four nights and asked them questions about helping the following day. The effect held for them, too, and those who reported worse sleep quality scored worse on the tests.
To test the effects on a societal level, the researchers then looked at a database of 3 million charitable donations given between 2001 and 2016. They found that immediately following the beginning of daylight saving time (夏令时) — a sleep disrupter — donations dropped 10 percent. The effect wasn’t found in data from Hawaii or Arizona, however; neither observe daylight saving time.
Why bother studying how helpful people are when we don’t get enough shut-eye
“We’re starting to see more and more studies, including this one, where the effects of sleep loss don’t just stop at the individual, but spread to those around us,” said Eti Ben Simon, a scientist at the University of California who co-wrote the study, in a news release. “If you’re not getting enough sleep, it doesn’t just hurt your own well-being, it hurts the well-being of your entire social circle, including strangers.”
There’s a silver lining to all that ungenerous behavior, he writes: Unlike personality traits, sleep can be adjusted — both getting enough and helping others do the same might make for a better world.
8．What does the underlined word “collapse” probably mean in paragraph 1
A．Disappear. B．Vary. C．Skyrocket. D．Decrease.
9．Which of the following statements is true according to the first experiment
A．Participants who had sufficient sleep were unwilling to aid others.
B．Those who didn’t rest well were willing to help friends and family.
C．About three quarters of participants were unwilling to help due to lack of sleep.
D．The MRI scans showed that generous behavior promotes social cognition.
10．What does Eti Ben Simon mainly stress in last two paragraphs
A．The loss of sleep poses a major danger to individuals.
B．Bettering our sleep will benefit society as a whole.
C．Improving sleeping quality should be given the top priority in the USA．
D．Having enough sleep can do wonders for your constitution.
11．What might be the best title for the text
A．Too little sleep makes people less generous
B．There’s a silver lining to ungenerous behavior
C．The importance of empathy and generosity
D．The societal impact of sleep loss
D
Why does social media cause feelings of loneliness and lack of confidence Because instead of being real life, it is impression management, a way of marketing yourself, carefully choosing and filtering (过滤) the picture and words to put your best face forward.
Online “friends” made through social media do not follow the normal psychological progression of friendship. You share neither physical time nor emotional conversations over the Internet. You simply communicate photographs and catchy posts to a diverse group of people whom you have “friended” or “followed” based on an accidental interaction. This is not to say that your social media friends can’t be real friends. They absolutely can, but the two are not the same. Generally speaking, there are no unfiltered or casually taken photos on our social media pages because it wouldn’t feel safe to be completely authentic (真实的) and vulnerable (易受伤的) with some of our “friends” whom we don’t actually know or with whom trust has yet to be built.
Social media can certainly be an escape from the daily routines, but we must be cautious about the negative effects on a person’s overal psychological well-being.
As humans, we are eager for social connection. Scrolling (滚动) through pages of pictures and comments, however, does not provide the same degree of fulfillment as face-to-face interactions do. Also, we tend to idealize others’ lives and compare our downfalls to their greatest accomplishments, ending in feelings of loneliness and lack of confidence.
Social media can lead to unhealthy pursuit for perfection. Some people begin to attend certain events or travel to different places so that they can snap that “perfect” photo. However, pictures and posts should be byproducts of life’s treasured moments and fun times, not the planned and calculated image that one is putting out into cyberspace in an attempt to fill insecurities or unmet needs.
Ultimately, social media has increased our ability to connect with various types of people all over the globe. It has opened doors for business and allowed us to stay connected to people whom we may not otherwise get to follow. However, social media should feel like a fun experience, not one that contributes to negative thoughts and feelings. If the latter is the case, increasing face to face time with trusted friends and minimizing time scrolling online will prove to be a reminder that your real social network is much more rewarding than any “like”, “follow” or “share” can be.
12．How does social media affect our life
A．It may improve our physical appearance.
B．It may make us feel isolated and insecure.
C．It may filter our negative impressions on others.
D．It may enhance our communication skills.
13．Why do people post photos selectively on social media
A．They do not want to lose their followers.
B．They are eager to become famous overnight.
C．They do not find all their online friends trustworthy.
D．They want to avoid offending any of their audience.
14．What do humans tend to do according to the passage
A．Have more face-to-face interactions.
B．Exaggerate their life’s accomplishments.
C．Learn lessons from other people’s downfalls.
D．Paint a rosy picture of other people’s lives.
15．What does the author advise when online experience becomes unpleasant
A．Stay connected to online friends for suggestions.
B．Strengthen ties with real-life friends instead of online friends.
C．Connect with various types of people all over the globe.
D．Avoid negative thoughts and feelings through online pages.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false. 16
Eating local food is good for the environment.
It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. 17 It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.
18
It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you'll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.
Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals. 19 It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper. Because of this, people think paper bags are the better environmental choice.
However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The process also produces more greenhouse gases. 20 So, take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping.
Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it’s worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what's really green.
A．They mistake them for food.
B．Here are some common ones.
C．Unfortunately, it is not that simple.
D．It’s better to take a shower than a bath.
E．A paper bag is more environmentally friendly.
F．In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment.
G．When we turn off a machine, it goes into a stand-by state.
二、 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
How long can human beings live Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 21 to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is 22 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 23 . They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 24 die.
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a 25 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 26 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental 27 until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people 28 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 29 . Now that the chances of dying 30 are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The 31 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 32 , not disaster. Today, many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy, still active, and young in 33 if not in age.
As our society grows old, we need the 34 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 35 active and be devoted.
21．A．designed B．selected C．improved D．discovered
22．A．completely B．generally C．apparently D．extremely
23．A．rapidly B．harmlessly C．endlessly D．separately
24．A．eventually B．hopelessly C．automatically D．desperately
25．A．busier B．longer C．richer D．happier
26．A．finishing B．guiding C．waiting D．dividing
27．A．stress B．damage C．decline D．failure
28．A．survive B．enjoy C．remember D．value
29．A．problems B．fears C．worries D．diseases
30．A．poor B．young C．sick D．quiet
31．A．changes B．recovery C．safety D．increases
32．A．dreams B．chances C．strengths D．choices
33．A．mind B．appearance C．voice D．movement
34．A．protection B．suggestions C．contributions D．permission
35．A．sound B．appear C．turn D．stay
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Team China’s B-girl Liu Qingyi pocketed silver in the 2022 WDSF World Breaking (霹雳舞) Championships on Oct, 22, 36 (make) a breakthrough to bring China its first world championship medal.
Liu, 37 goes by B-Girl 671, ranked fourth in the pre-selection and had an excellent 38 (perform) in the following match, progressing to the last four with three Japanese breaking dancers.
In the semifinal, Liu defeated Riko Tsuhako of Japan 2-0 by showing her powerful moves and 39 good sense of rhythm (韵律).
In the intense gold medal match, Liu 40 (defeat) by 2019 world champion Ami Yuasa of Japan 2:1 to settle for silver.
Setting the goal of being among the top eight before the event, Liu was 41 (satisfy) with the silver medal as she recovered her form from the semi-final.
“It is 42 (I) pleasure to compete with the champion.” Liu said, “I will continue to carve my moves, and I look forward 43 next year’s World Championships.”
“The team is very talented.” Chinese breaking team head coach Mounir Biba told Xinhua, “As we are approaching Paris 2024, we need to keep the takeaways in mind and go all out. I believe that we will do 44 (well) next year.”
Breaking will make its Olympic debut (首秀) since the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has officially added 45 to the 2024 Paris Olympic Games in 2020.
三、 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46．假定你是李华，你们学校要举办传统中医讲座，你的留学生朋友Chris对中国传统文化有浓厚的兴趣，因此，你想邀请他参加该讲座。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.讲座的时间和地点；
2.讲座的内容（中医的历史、作用、影响等）；
3.讲座对他的帮助。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：传统中医traditional Chinese medicine
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Katie was exceptionally small. We were in the fifth grade, but she was as short as a third grader. Although her body was small, Katie was big at heart. She had a sharp mind, too. Sometimes she got her share of teasing, but Katie knew how to handle it. All the kids who knew Katie liked her a lot.
Katie loved helping others in the class, so whenever someone was stuck on the computer he always called her for help and advice. Katie loved jokes and she always had a joke that would cheer someone up whenever he was down. She was truly the most kind and generous friend anyone could ask for.
But the other day she was in big trouble. She was such a sweet kid, a third-grade teacher always dreamed of having a classroom filled with students like Katie. She was never ever a discipline problem. I just couldn’t imagine why she had made her parents so angry.
It seemed that Katie had been running up (积欠) sizable charges in the lunchroom. Her parents explained that Katie brought a great homemade lunch each day, and there was no reason for her to buy school lunch. They assumed a sit-down with Katie would solve the problem, but failed. So they asked me to help them get to the bottom of this situation.
So the next day, I asked Katie to my office. “Why are you charging (记账) lunches, Katie What happens to your homemade lunch ” I asked. “I lose it,” she responded. I leaned back in my chair and said. “I don’t believe you, Katie.” She didn’t care. “Is someone stealing your lunch, Katie ” I took a new track. “No. I just lose it,” she said. Well, there was nothing else I could do.
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
The problem was still unsolved the next week until I noticed a boy in the school canteen.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Katie asked me not to tell her parents.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
试卷第10页，共11页
参考答案：
1．D 2．D 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍宁夏回族自治区的一些著名的旅游景点。
1．细节理解题。根据Shapotou, Zhongwei中的“Ticket Price: 80 yuan ($11.7) (票价：80元(11.7美元))”和“Half Price: ②Full-time university bachelor or junior degree students with a registered student ID card.(半价：②全日制大学本科或本科以上学历学生，持注册学生证)”可知，80×2+80÷2=200元。所以一对夫妇带一个全日制大学本科生去沙坡头旅游要花200元。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据Zhenbeipu Western Film Studio, Yinchuan中的“Zhenbeipu Western Film Studio, located in Yinchuan city, capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, has produced many world-famous films, one of which is Zhang Yimou’s Red Sorghum. (镇北堡西部电影制片厂位于宁夏回族自治区首府银川市，制作了许多世界著名的电影，张艺谋的《红高粱》就是其中之一)”可知，电影《红高粱》的粉丝最有可能选择去银川镇北堡西部片电影制片厂。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established in 1958, which has many famous tourist attractions. (宁夏回族自治区成立于1958年，有许多著名的旅游景点)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍宁夏回族自治区的一些著名的旅游景点。从而推断，本文最有可能来自一本旅游手册。故选B。
4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者曾经受过多使用推特的困扰，在戒掉社交媒体后作者的生活发生了很多变化。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段的“I’d find myself checking it when I should be working, running late to my daughters’ school events because I tried to fit in a quick glance or staying up far too late surfing vast oceans of information, tired and barely interested but unable to resist it.(问题是我有点太爱它了。我发现自己会在应该工作的时候查看它，因为想快速浏览一下女儿的学校活动而迟到，或者熬夜浏览大量信息，疲惫而几乎没有兴趣，但又无法抗拒。)”可知，作者的生活被过度使用推特所困扰。故选A。
5．词句猜测题。根据第四段的“when I waited in line or to pick up my kids from school(当我排队或去学校接孩子的时候)”可知，排队或接孩子的时候是一些看似无关紧要的时刻，划线词所在的句子的意思是“把那些看似无关紧要的时刻释放出来会带来变革”，划线词inconsequential的意思是“不重要的”，和B选项Unimportant（不重要的）意思相近，故选B。
6．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段的“Being offline didn’t make my life that joyful. But there is one way that leaving Twitter has benefited my life and my mind. (下线并没有让我的生活变得那么快乐。但离开Twitter有一种方式让我的生活和思想受益。)”和“Leaving them unfilled has changed how I walk through time. I may wave to a neighbor; I may feel gratitude or delight. I may notice that I feel tired or lonely. But this, too, is part of the gifts of these small moments.(不填满它们改变了我度过时间的方式。我可能向邻居挥手；我可能会感到感激或高兴。我可能会注意到我感到疲倦或孤独。但是，这也是这些小时刻的一部分礼物。)”可知，本文主要讲的是作者曾经受过多使用推特的困扰，在戒掉社交媒体后作者的生活发生了很多变化，因此本文的目的是分享离线带来的意外好处。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段的“Being offline didn’t make my life that joyful. But there is one way that leaving Twitter has benefited my life and my mind. (下线并没有让我的生活变得那么快乐。但离开Twitter有一种方式让我的生活和思想受益。)”和“Freeing up those seemingly inconsequential moments has been transformative. These moments are nothing I really considered before and I even didn’t notice their departure when I began going online. Leaving them unfilled has changed how I walk through time. I may wave to a neighbor; I may feel gratitude or delight. I may notice that I feel tired or lonely. But this, too, is part of the gifts of these small moments.(把那些看似无关紧要的时刻释放出来会带来变革。这些时刻是我之前从未真正考虑过的，当我开始上网时，我甚至没有注意到它们的离开。不填满它们改变了我穿越时间的方式。我可能向邻居挥手;我可能会感到感激或高兴。我可能会注意到我感到疲倦或孤独。但是，这也是这些小时刻的一部分礼物。)”可知，本文主要讲的是作者曾经受过多使用推特的困扰，在戒掉社交媒体后作者的生活发生了很多变化，也就是关于把有些看似无关紧要的时候空出来，不用社交媒体的好处，因此最好的题目是A选项“Free up Small Moments(释放小时刻)”，故选A。
8．D 9．C 10．B 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究——当人们睡眠太少时，帮助别人的意愿就会崩溃，并解释了研究开展的过程以及睡眠的重要性。
8．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“But after sleep loss, 78 percent had less of a desire to help others, even when it came to friends and family.(但睡眠不足后，78%的人不太愿意帮助别人，即使是朋友和家人)”可推知，当人们睡眠太少或睡眠不足时，帮助别人的意愿就会降低。由此可知，划线词collapse与decrease “降低”意思接近。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When they were well rested, the participants scored well on a helping behavior test. But after sleep loss, 78 percent had less of a desire to help others, even when it came to friends and family.(当他们休息得很好时，参与者在帮助行为测试中得分很高。但睡眠不足后，78%的人不太愿意帮助别人，即使是朋友和家人)”可知，根据第一个实验，大约四分之三的参与者由于缺乏睡眠而不愿意帮忙。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“If you’re not getting enough sleep, it doesn’t just hurt your own well-being, it hurts the well-being of your entire social circle, including strangers.(如果你睡眠不足，这不仅会损害你自己的健康，还会损害你整个社交圈的健康，包括陌生人)”及最后一段“There’s a silver lining to all that ungenerous behavior, he writes: Unlike personality traits, sleep can be adjusted — both getting enough and helping others do the same might make for a better world.(他写道，所有这些不慷慨的行为都有一线希望：与性格特征不同，睡眠是可以调整的——获得足够的睡眠和帮助他人也这样做可能会让世界变得更美好)”可推知，Eti Ben Simon主要强调了改善我们的睡眠将有利于整个社会。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。主旨大意题。根据第一段“Empathy and generosity are two traits (特征) that make the world go around. But a study suggests that the willingness to help collapses when people get too little-or poor-sleep.(同理心和慷慨是让世界运转的两个特质。但一项研究表明，当人们睡眠太少或睡眠不足时，帮助别人的意愿就会崩溃)及下文介绍可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究——当人们睡眠太少时，帮助别人的意愿就会崩溃，并解释了研究开展的过程以及睡眠的重要性。由此可知，A选项“Too little sleep makes people less generous(睡眠太少会让人不够慷慨)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
12．B 13．C 14．D 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇议说明文。文章讲述社交媒体扩大了我们的人际关系范围，但会引发孤独感和不自信。我们应该加强与现实生活中朋友的联系。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Why does social media cause feelings of loneliness and lack of confidence Because instead of being real life, it is impression management, a way of marketing yourself, carefully choosing and filtering (过滤) the picture and words to put your best face forward.(为什么社交媒体会让人感到孤独和缺乏自信？因为这不是真实的生活，而是一种印象管理，一种推销自己的方式，仔细选择和过滤图片和文字，把你最好的一面展现出来。)”和文章第二段“Generally speaking, there are no unfiltered or casually taken photos on our social media pages because it wouldn’t feel safe to be completely authentic (真实的) and vulnerable (易受伤的) with some of our “friends” whom we don’t actually know or with whom trust has yet to be built.(一般来说，我们的社交媒体页面上没有未经过滤或随意拍摄的照片，因为对于一些我们实际上并不了解或尚未建立信任的“朋友”，完全真实和脆弱会让人感到不安全。)”可推知，社交媒体可能会让我们感到孤立和不安全。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Generally speaking, there are no unfiltered or casually taken photos on our social media pages because it wouldn’t feel safe to be completely authentic (真实的) and vulnerable (易受伤的) with some of our “friends” whom we don’t actually know or with whom trust has yet to be built.(一般来说，我们的社交媒体页面上没有未经过滤或随意拍摄的照片，因为对于一些我们实际上并不了解或尚未建立信任的“朋友”，完全真实和脆弱会让人感到不安全。)”可推知，人们在社交媒体上有选择性地发布照片，是因为他们并不认为所有的网友都值得信赖。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Also, we tend to idealize others’ lives and compare our downfalls to their greatest accomplishments, ending in feelings of loneliness and lack of confidence.(此外，我们倾向于把别人的生活理想化，把我们的失败和他们最伟大的成就作比较，最终感到孤独和缺乏自信。)”可知，人们往往将别人的生活描绘一幅美好的画面。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“However, social media should feel like a fun experience, not one that contributes to negative thoughts and feelings. If the latter is the case, increasing face to face time with trusted friends and minimizing time scrolling online will prove to be a reminder that your real social network is much more rewarding than any “like”, “follow” or “share” can be.(然而，社交媒体应该是一种有趣的体验，而不是一种导致消极思想和情绪的体验。如果是后者，增加与值得信赖的朋友面对面的时间，尽量减少上网的时间，这将会提醒你，你真正的社交网络比任何“喜欢”、“关注”或“分享”都要有价值得多。)”可知，当社交媒体让人产生了消极的感受时，作者建议人们加强与现实生活中的朋友而不是网上朋友的联系。故选B。
16．B 17．C 18．D 19．A 20．F
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们在保护环境过程中的一些常见的错误。
16．根据前句“But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false.(但最近，一些“绿色真理”被证明只对了一半，甚至是完全错误的)”和下文可知，下文具体介绍一些常见错误的“绿色真理”。所以选择项B“Here are some common ones.(这里有一些常见的错误绿色真理)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
17．根据前句“It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. (这似乎是常识：吃当地的食物应该对环境更好，因为它们不需要长途运输，也不需要在运输过程中保持低温)”和后句“It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.(消耗大部分能源和产生大部分温室气体的是粮食生产，而不是粮食运输)”可知，上文讲“吃当地食物对环境有好处”是一种常见的错误真理，下文作者解释了原因，表明其中道理，上下文表转折，说明事实并非那么简单。所以选择项C“Unfortunately, it is not that simple. (不幸的是，事情并没有那么简单)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
18．根据下文“It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you'll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible. (这取决于你花多长时间洗澡和你的浴缸有多大。如果你花在淋浴上的时间超过8分钟，你就会用掉和泡澡一样多的水——大约50升水。因此，关键是让你的淋浴时间尽可能短)”可知，淋浴比泡澡更节约水的观点是错误的。所以选择项D“It’s better to take a shower than a bath. (洗淋浴比泡澡好)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
19．根据前句“Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals. (塑料袋会造成垃圾，对野生动物是一种威胁)”可知，后文应继续陈述塑料袋的缺点，比如它具体如何威胁到野生动物的。所以选择项A“They mistake them for food. (它们误以为塑料袋是食物)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
20．根据前文“However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The process also produces more greenhouse gases. (然而，制作一个纸袋所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍，水的用量是制作塑料袋的三倍。这个过程也会产生更多的温室气体)”可知，事实上塑料袋和纸袋都污染环境。所以选择项F“In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. (事实上，这两种袋子都对环境有害)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
21．A 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．C 28．A 29．D 30．B 31．A 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．D
【分析】本文是说明文。这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的，但是随着社会的发展，生活水平的提高，人们的寿命比以前更长了，而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态，为社会做贡献。
21．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed 设计；selected 选择，挑选；improved 提高，改善；discovered发现。根据live no longer than 120 years可知，人类最多不会活过120岁，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定的，be designed to do被设计，故应选A。
22．考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命-如果他非常的健康和幸运。completely 完全地；generally 一般地；apparently 显然地；extremely极其，非常。根据 the longest that anyone could hope to live可知，如果一个人非常的健康而且很幸运，人们希望能活到110岁。故选D。
23．考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地；harmlessly 无害地；endlessly 无止境的；separately 分离地，分开地。根据They wear out, and as a result可知，因为人体的细胞会耗尽，不会无止境的再生。因此应选C。
24．考查副词及语境的理解。句意：他们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终；hopelessly 没有希望地；automatically 自动地；desperately绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据 They wear out, and as a result, we get old 可知，这里在说人的生长过程。选A。
25．考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久的活着，我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier 更忙的；longer 更长的；richer 更富有的；happier更开心的。根据than ever before可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。
26．考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成；guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing划分。根据 Sixty-five may be out-of-date可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选D。
27．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据until after age 75可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选C。
28．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。
29．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据 Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, 可知，由于以前没有现代药物，当时很多普遍的儿童因为疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。
30．考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据the chances of living long are much higher 可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，现在少年死去的几率低了，dying young就是年少死去。故选B。
31．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will…可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。
32．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。
33．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement移动。根据 healthy, still active, and young in 13 if not in age.可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。
34．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护；suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission允许。根据 they need to 15 active and be devoted.可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。
35．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来；appear 好像；出现；turn 转，变成；stay保持。根据 With long lives ahead of them,可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。
36．making 37．who 38．performance 39．a 40．was defeated 41．satisfied 42．my 43．to 44．better 45．it
【导语】本文是篇新闻报道。讲述了中国舞者B-girl刘清怡在2022年WDSF世界霹雳舞锦标赛上获得银牌和她对将来的展望，以及提到霹雳舞被列为2024年巴黎奥运会的比赛项目。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：10月22日，在2022年WDSF世界霹雳舞锦标赛上，中国队的B-girl刘清怡夺得银牌，这一突破为中国队带来了首枚世界冠军奖牌。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词pocketed，所以make用非谓语形式，主语是B-girl Liu Qingyi，两者是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填making。
37．考查定语从句。句意：刘的昵称是B-Girl 671，她在预选中排名第四，在接下来的比赛中表现出色，与三名日本霹雳舞选手一起晋级四强。分析句子机构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是Liu，在从句中作主语，用who引导。故填who。
38．考查名词。句意：刘的昵称是B-Girl 671，她在预选中排名第四，在接下来的比赛中表现出色，与三名日本霹雳舞选手一起晋级四强。分析句子机构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，perform的名词形式是performance。故填performance。
39．考查冠词。句意：在半决赛中，刘以2比0击败了日本选手Riko Tsuhako，展现了她强有力的动作和良好的节奏感。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：a good sense of意为“很好的……感”。故填a。
40．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在激烈的金牌争夺战中，刘被2019年世界冠军日本选手Ami Yuasa2:1击败，仅获得银牌。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语，所以defeat作本句谓语，根据空后的by可知，用被动语态，根据时间状语2019，可知用一般过去时。故填was defeated。
41．考查形容词。句意：在比赛前，她设定了进入前八的目标，她对银牌感到满意，因为她从半决赛中恢复了状态。分析句子结构可知，空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，此处是固定搭配：be satisfied with意为“满足于”。故填satisfied。
42．考查代词。句意：能和冠军竞争是我的荣幸。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词性物主代词作定语。故填my。
43．考查介词。句意：我将继续我的动作，我期待着明年的世界锦标赛。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：look forward to意为“期待”。故填to。
44．考查副词。句意：我相信我们明年会做得更好。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空前的动词，应该用副词修饰，根据句意，此处和明年比较，用比较级。故填better。
45．考查代词。句意：国际奥委会(IOC)将于2020年正式将霹雳舞列为2024年巴黎奥运会的比赛项目，霹雳舞将首次亮相奥运会。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词或者代词作宾语，根据句意，此处应是it代指前文提到的Breaking 。故填it。
46．Dear Chris,
Knowing that you have a keen interest in traditional Chinese Culture, I can’t wait to invite you to a lecture on traditional Chinese medicine which will be held in my school.
The lecture will begin at 3 p.m. this Sunday in the school hall. An expert is going to narrate the development history of traditional Chinese medicine and share some significance and effects of it. As far as I can see, it can enrich your understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and make you realize how much difference traditional Chinese culture has made in the present world.
Looking forward to your arrival!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生写信邀请留学生朋友Chris参加学校要举办的传统中医讲座。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对…感兴趣：have an interest in→be interested in
举办：hold→throw
陈述：narrate→recount
在我看来：as far as I can see→in my opinion
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The lecture will begin at 3 p.m. this Sunday in the school hall. An expert is going to narrate the development history of traditional Chinese medicine and share some significance and effects of it.
拓展句：The lecture will begin at 3 p.m. this Sunday in the school hall, during which an expert is going to narrate the development history of traditional Chinese medicine and share some significance and effects of it.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you have a keen interest in traditional Chinese Culture, I can’t wait to invite you to a lecture on traditional Chinese medicine which will be held in my school.（由that引导的宾语从句和which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】As far as I can see, it can enrich your understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and make you realize how much difference traditional Chinese culture has made in the present world.（由how much引导的宾语从句）
47． The problem was still unsolved the next week until I noticed a boy in the school canteen. He was silent sitting alone at a lunch table. He had messy hair and a thin face, always wearing his oversized coat and looking sad and shy. I thought I would go and sit with him for a while. As I walked towards him, I noticed the lunch bag on the table. The name card on the bag said “Katie”. Now I understood what had happened. Later that day, I found Katie and talked to her about it.
Katie asked me not to tell her parents. But I drove to her house that evening after I was sure that she was in bed. I had never seen parents so proud of their child. Katie didn’t care that she was misunderstood by her parents and teacher. But she cared about a little boy who was hungry and scared. What a sweet girl she was! Later Katie still bought lunch every day at school. And every morning, as she headed out of the door, her mom handed her a delicious homemade lunch.
【分析】本文讲述了凯蒂是一个学生，她虽然个子矮，但却很聪明，她喜欢在课堂上帮助别人，大家都很喜欢这个善良的孩子。但前几天她遇到了大麻烦，她一直都在欠食堂的午餐费用，这让父母很生气，也很疑惑，因为他们每天都会给凯蒂带家里自制的午餐。作者请凯蒂到自己的办公室，问她到底发生了什么，但凯蒂坚持说是自己把从家里带来的午餐弄丢了，作者也无能为力。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“直到下个星期我注意到学校食堂里的一个男孩，这个问题才得以解决。”可知，第一段可描写凯蒂到底为什么会欠食堂的午餐费用及和这个男孩有什么关系？
②由第二段首句内容“凯蒂叫我不要告诉她的父母。”可知，第二段可描写作者把事情原委告诉凯蒂的父母后，父母的表现。
2.续写线索：男孩的样子——男孩吃了凯蒂的午餐——作者再次和凯蒂交谈——告知凯蒂父母事情的真相——父母为凯蒂骄傲
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.注意：notice/pay attention to
②.和某人谈论某事：talk to sb. about sth./talk about sth with sb
③.误解：misunderstand/misread
情绪类
①.安静的：silent/quiet
②.害怕的：scared/afraid
【点睛】[高分句型1]. I thought I would go and sit with him for a while. （由that引导的从句作thought的宾语，省略了that）
[高分句型2]. As I walked towards him, I noticed the lunch bag on the table. （由As引导的时间状语从句）
阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established in 1958, which has many famous tourist attractions.
Shapotou, Zhongwei
Shapotou scenic zone, 16 kilometers west of Zhongwei County in the northwestern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, has become a must-see for tourists who visit Ningxia. Wang Wei, a famous poet in ancient China, recorded the beauty of Shapotou in a poem on a mission to the frontier.
The park has many activities on offer, which include drifting on the Yellow River and sliding from a sand dune.
Scenic Spot Level: AAAAA
Ideal Sightseeing Season: May to early October
Ticket Price: 80 yuan ($11.7)
Half Price:
①Minors between the ages of 7 and 18;
②Full-time university bachelor or junior degree students with a registered student ID card.
Shahu Lake, Shizuishan
Shahu Lake, one of the top 10 destinations for holidays in Shizuishan city, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in Northwest China, is surrounded by large marshlands(沼泽) and desert, and is known as the “pearl of the desert” along the Silk Road. The location of the 1995 movie A Chinese Odyssey attracts many visitors.
Scenic Spot Level: AAAAA
Ideal Sightseeing Season: May to early October
Ticket Price: 50 yuan ($7.32)
Half Price:
①Minors between the ages of 7 and 18;
②Full-time university bachelor or junior degree students with a registered student ID card.
Mingcui Lake National Wetland Park, Yinchuan
Nfingcui Lake National Wetland Park is perhaps the best ecological wetland in China. It is the first national wetland park of the Yellow River Basin. The first established and expanding water and land sports base in the northwest integrates outdoor training, science education, leisure and fishing.
Scenic Spot Level: AAAAA
Ideal Sightseeing Season: March to May
Ticket Price: 40 yuan ($5.9)
HalfPrice: Full-time university bachelor or junior degree students with a registered student ID card.
Zhenbeipu Western Film Studio, Yinchuan
Zhenbeipu Western Film Studio, located in Yinchuan city, capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, has produced many world-famous films, one of which is Zhang Yimou’s Red Sorghum.
Zhenbeipu functioned as a frontier in the Ming Dynasty, but today, the studio has become a tourism destination fully integrating sightseeing, entertainment, relaxation, dining and shopping.
Scenic Spot Level: AAAAA
Ideal Sightseeing Season: Late April to early October
Ticket Price: 80 yuan ($11.7)
Half Price: Full-time university bachelor or junior degree students with a roistered student ID card.
1．How much should a couple with a full-time university bachelor pay for travelling to Shapotou
A．80 yuan. B．120 yuan. C．160 yuan. D．200 yuan.
2．Where will fans of the film Red Sorghum most probably choose to go
A．Shapotou, Zhongwei.
B．Shahu Lake, Shizuishan.
C．Mingcui Lake National Wetland Park, Yinchuan.
D．Zhenbeipu Western Film Studio, Yinchuan.
3．Where is this text most likely taken from
A．A research paper. B．A travel brochure.
C．A science journal. D．A geography textbook.
B
There’re lots of articles in which writers like me leave social media and report on how their lives have transformed. I swore I wouldn’t add to it. But here I am, writing about it. And I’m doing so because it didn’t change my life in quite the way that I expected or many of these essays promised it would.
I genuinely enjoyed Twitter. The problem was that I loved it a little too much. I’d find myself checking it when I should be working, running late to my daughters’ school events because I tried to fit in a quick glance or staying up far too late surfing vast oceans of information, tired and barely interested but unable to resist it.
In November, my friends encouraged me to drop my Twitter habit, at least for a little while. My life was overfull, and this was something I could cut out. I followed, though hesitantly and with a little bit of unwillingness, because I trust my friends and their wisdom.
I went from being on it nearly every day to being off it for two months now. Being offline didn’t make my life that joyful. But there is one way that leaving Twitter has benefited my life and my mind. The times when I checked Twitter were often the transition points in my day: when I waited in line or to pick up my kids from school. Freeing up those seemingly inconsequential moments has been transformative. These moments are nothing I really considered before and I even didn’t notice their departure when I began going online. Leaving them unfilled has changed how I walk through time. I may wave to a neighbor; I may feel gratitude or delight. I may notice that I feel tired or lonely. But this, too, is part of the gifts of these small moments.
Our days, which are so full of work and thinking, of disappointments and confusion, must have moments when nothing much is happening, moments when we get no input, no videos, no opinions.
4．What do we know about the author
A．The author’s life was disturbed by the overuse of Twitter.
B．The author followed the friends’ advice without hestitation.
C．The author shared the same idea with other writers about Twitter.
D．The author’s interest in the information online drove him to check Twitter.
5．What does the underlined word “inconsequential” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Unforgettable. B．Unimportant. C．Tough. D．Boring.
6．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text
A．To persuade readers to block Twitter.
B．To show the influence of social media.
C．To share an unexpected benefit of staying offline.
D．To raise doubts about the promised effects of being offline.
7．What might be the best title for the text
A．Free up Small Moments B．No Twitter, No Trouble
C．Take a Moment to Reflect D．Small Changes, Big Differences
C
Empathy and generosity are two traits (特征) that make the world go around. But a study suggests that the willingness to help collapses when people get too little-or poor-sleep.
To see how sleep affects how much humans help one another, researchers conducted three experiments designed to examine the issue from the individual to the societal scale. Their results are published in PLOS Biology.
In the first experiment, researchers performed functional MRI scans (功能性磁共振成像扫描) of the brain and asked questions to 24 adults after eight hours of sleep and after a night with no sleep. When they were well rested, the participants scored well on a helping behavior test. But after sleep loss, 78 percent had less of a desire to help others, even when it came to friends and family. The scans showed that areas of the brain associated with social cognition-our thought processes related to other people-were less active with sleep loss.
The second experiment tracked 136 healthy adults over four nights and asked them questions about helping the following day. The effect held for them, too, and those who reported worse sleep quality scored worse on the tests.
To test the effects on a societal level, the researchers then looked at a database of 3 million charitable donations given between 2001 and 2016. They found that immediately following the beginning of daylight saving time (夏令时) — a sleep disrupter — donations dropped 10 percent. The effect wasn’t found in data from Hawaii or Arizona, however; neither observe daylight saving time.
Why bother studying how helpful people are when we don’t get enough shut-eye
“We’re starting to see more and more studies, including this one, where the effects of sleep loss don’t just stop at the individual, but spread to those around us,” said Eti Ben Simon, a scientist at the University of California who co-wrote the study, in a news release. “If you’re not getting enough sleep, it doesn’t just hurt your own well-being, it hurts the well-being of your entire social circle, including strangers.”
There’s a silver lining to all that ungenerous behavior, he writes: Unlike personality traits, sleep can be adjusted — both getting enough and helping others do the same might make for a better world.
8．What does the underlined word “collapse” probably mean in paragraph 1
A．Disappear. B．Vary. C．Skyrocket. D．Decrease.
9．Which of the following statements is true according to the first experiment
A．Participants who had sufficient sleep were unwilling to aid others.
B．Those who didn’t rest well were willing to help friends and family.
C．About three quarters of participants were unwilling to help due to lack of sleep.
D．The MRI scans showed that generous behavior promotes social cognition.
10．What does Eti Ben Simon mainly stress in last two paragraphs
A．The loss of sleep poses a major danger to individuals.
B．Bettering our sleep will benefit society as a whole.
C．Improving sleeping quality should be given the top priority in the USA．
D．Having enough sleep can do wonders for your constitution.
11．What might be the best title for the text
A．Too little sleep makes people less generous
B．There’s a silver lining to ungenerous behavior
C．The importance of empathy and generosity
D．The societal impact of sleep loss
D
Why does social media cause feelings of loneliness and lack of confidence Because instead of being real life, it is impression management, a way of marketing yourself, carefully choosing and filtering (过滤) the picture and words to put your best face forward.
Online “friends” made through social media do not follow the normal psychological progression of friendship. You share neither physical time nor emotional conversations over the Internet. You simply communicate photographs and catchy posts to a diverse group of people whom you have “friended” or “followed” based on an accidental interaction. This is not to say that your social media friends can’t be real friends. They absolutely can, but the two are not the same. Generally speaking, there are no unfiltered or casually taken photos on our social media pages because it wouldn’t feel safe to be completely authentic (真实的) and vulnerable (易受伤的) with some of our “friends” whom we don’t actually know or with whom trust has yet to be built.
Social media can certainly be an escape from the daily routines, but we must be cautious about the negative effects on a person’s overal psychological well-being.
As humans, we are eager for social connection. Scrolling (滚动) through pages of pictures and comments, however, does not provide the same degree of fulfillment as face-to-face interactions do. Also, we tend to idealize others’ lives and compare our downfalls to their greatest accomplishments, ending in feelings of loneliness and lack of confidence.
Social media can lead to unhealthy pursuit for perfection. Some people begin to attend certain events or travel to different places so that they can snap that “perfect” photo. However, pictures and posts should be byproducts of life’s treasured moments and fun times, not the planned and calculated image that one is putting out into cyberspace in an attempt to fill insecurities or unmet needs.
Ultimately, social media has increased our ability to connect with various types of people all over the globe. It has opened doors for business and allowed us to stay connected to people whom we may not otherwise get to follow. However, social media should feel like a fun experience, not one that contributes to negative thoughts and feelings. If the latter is the case, increasing face to face time with trusted friends and minimizing time scrolling online will prove to be a reminder that your real social network is much more rewarding than any “like”, “follow” or “share” can be.
12．How does social media affect our life
A．It may improve our physical appearance.
B．It may make us feel isolated and insecure.
C．It may filter our negative impressions on others.
D．It may enhance our communication skills.
13．Why do people post photos selectively on social media
A．They do not want to lose their followers.
B．They are eager to become famous overnight.
C．They do not find all their online friends trustworthy.
D．They want to avoid offending any of their audience.
14．What do humans tend to do according to the passage
A．Have more face-to-face interactions.
B．Exaggerate their life’s accomplishments.
C．Learn lessons from other people’s downfalls.
D．Paint a rosy picture of other people’s lives.
15．What does the author advise when online experience becomes unpleasant
A．Stay connected to online friends for suggestions.
B．Strengthen ties with real-life friends instead of online friends.
C．Connect with various types of people all over the globe.
D．Avoid negative thoughts and feelings through online pages.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false. 16
Eating local food is good for the environment.
It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. 17 It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.
18
It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you'll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.
Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals. 19 It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper. Because of this, people think paper bags are the better environmental choice.
However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The process also produces more greenhouse gases. 20 So, take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping.
Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it’s worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what's really green.
A．They mistake them for food.
B．Here are some common ones.
C．Unfortunately, it is not that simple.
D．It’s better to take a shower than a bath.
E．A paper bag is more environmentally friendly.
F．In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment.
G．When we turn off a machine, it goes into a stand-by state.
二、 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
How long can human beings live Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 21 to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is 22 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 23 . They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 24 die.
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a 25 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 26 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental 27 until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people 28 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 29 . Now that the chances of dying 30 are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The 31 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 32 , not disaster. Today, many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy, still active, and young in 33 if not in age.
As our society grows old, we need the 34 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 35 active and be devoted.
21．A．designed B．selected C．improved D．discovered
22．A．completely B．generally C．apparently D．extremely
23．A．rapidly B．harmlessly C．endlessly D．separately
24．A．eventually B．hopelessly C．automatically D．desperately
25．A．busier B．longer C．richer D．happier
26．A．finishing B．guiding C．waiting D．dividing
27．A．stress B．damage C．decline D．failure
28．A．survive B．enjoy C．remember D．value
29．A．problems B．fears C．worries D．diseases
30．A．poor B．young C．sick D．quiet
31．A．changes B．recovery C．safety D．increases
32．A．dreams B．chances C．strengths D．choices
33．A．mind B．appearance C．voice D．movement
34．A．protection B．suggestions C．contributions D．permission
35．A．sound B．appear C．turn D．stay
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Team China’s B-girl Liu Qingyi pocketed silver in the 2022 WDSF World Breaking (霹雳舞) Championships on Oct, 22, 36 (make) a breakthrough to bring China its first world championship medal.
Liu, 37 goes by B-Girl 671, ranked fourth in the pre-selection and had an excellent 38 (perform) in the following match, progressing to the last four with three Japanese breaking dancers.
In the semifinal, Liu defeated Riko Tsuhako of Japan 2-0 by showing her powerful moves and 39 good sense of rhythm (韵律).
In the intense gold medal match, Liu 40 (defeat) by 2019 world champion Ami Yuasa of Japan 2:1 to settle for silver.
Setting the goal of being among the top eight before the event, Liu was 41 (satisfy) with the silver medal as she recovered her form from the semi-final.
“It is 42 (I) pleasure to compete with the champion.” Liu said, “I will continue to carve my moves, and I look forward 43 next year’s World Championships.”
“The team is very talented.” Chinese breaking team head coach Mounir Biba told Xinhua, “As we are approaching Paris 2024, we need to keep the takeaways in mind and go all out. I believe that we will do 44 (well) next year.”
Breaking will make its Olympic debut (首秀) since the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has officially added 45 to the 2024 Paris Olympic Games in 2020.
三、 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46．假定你是李华，你们学校要举办传统中医讲座，你的留学生朋友Chris对中国传统文化有浓厚的兴趣，因此，你想邀请他参加该讲座。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.讲座的时间和地点；
2.讲座的内容（中医的历史、作用、影响等）；
3.讲座对他的帮助。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：传统中医traditional Chinese medicine
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Katie was exceptionally small. We were in the fifth grade, but she was as short as a third grader. Although her body was small, Katie was big at heart. She had a sharp mind, too. Sometimes she got her share of teasing, but Katie knew how to handle it. All the kids who knew Katie liked her a lot.
Katie loved helping others in the class, so whenever someone was stuck on the computer he always called her for help and advice. Katie loved jokes and she always had a joke that would cheer someone up whenever he was down. She was truly the most kind and generous friend anyone could ask for.
But the other day she was in big trouble. She was such a sweet kid, a third-grade teacher always dreamed of having a classroom filled with students like Katie. She was never ever a discipline problem. I just couldn’t imagine why she had made her parents so angry.
It seemed that Katie had been running up (积欠) sizable charges in the lunchroom. Her parents explained that Katie brought a great homemade lunch each day, and there was no reason for her to buy school lunch. They assumed a sit-down with Katie would solve the problem, but failed. So they asked me to help them get to the bottom of this situation.
So the next day, I asked Katie to my office. “Why are you charging (记账) lunches, Katie What happens to your homemade lunch ” I asked. “I lose it,” she responded. I leaned back in my chair and said. “I don’t believe you, Katie.” She didn’t care. “Is someone stealing your lunch, Katie ” I took a new track. “No. I just lose it,” she said. Well, there was nothing else I could do.
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
The problem was still unsolved the next week until I noticed a boy in the school canteen.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Katie asked me not to tell her parents.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
试卷第10页，共11页
参考答案：
1．D 2．D 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍宁夏回族自治区的一些著名的旅游景点。
1．细节理解题。根据Shapotou, Zhongwei中的“Ticket Price: 80 yuan ($11.7) (票价：80元(11.7美元))”和“Half Price: ②Full-time university bachelor or junior degree students with a registered student ID card.(半价：②全日制大学本科或本科以上学历学生，持注册学生证)”可知，80×2+80÷2=200元。所以一对夫妇带一个全日制大学本科生去沙坡头旅游要花200元。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据Zhenbeipu Western Film Studio, Yinchuan中的“Zhenbeipu Western Film Studio, located in Yinchuan city, capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, has produced many world-famous films, one of which is Zhang Yimou’s Red Sorghum. (镇北堡西部电影制片厂位于宁夏回族自治区首府银川市，制作了许多世界著名的电影，张艺谋的《红高粱》就是其中之一)”可知，电影《红高粱》的粉丝最有可能选择去银川镇北堡西部片电影制片厂。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established in 1958, which has many famous tourist attractions. (宁夏回族自治区成立于1958年，有许多著名的旅游景点)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍宁夏回族自治区的一些著名的旅游景点。从而推断，本文最有可能来自一本旅游手册。故选B。
4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者曾经受过多使用推特的困扰，在戒掉社交媒体后作者的生活发生了很多变化。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段的“I’d find myself checking it when I should be working, running late to my daughters’ school events because I tried to fit in a quick glance or staying up far too late surfing vast oceans of information, tired and barely interested but unable to resist it.(问题是我有点太爱它了。我发现自己会在应该工作的时候查看它，因为想快速浏览一下女儿的学校活动而迟到，或者熬夜浏览大量信息，疲惫而几乎没有兴趣，但又无法抗拒。)”可知，作者的生活被过度使用推特所困扰。故选A。
5．词句猜测题。根据第四段的“when I waited in line or to pick up my kids from school(当我排队或去学校接孩子的时候)”可知，排队或接孩子的时候是一些看似无关紧要的时刻，划线词所在的句子的意思是“把那些看似无关紧要的时刻释放出来会带来变革”，划线词inconsequential的意思是“不重要的”，和B选项Unimportant（不重要的）意思相近，故选B。
6．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段的“Being offline didn’t make my life that joyful. But there is one way that leaving Twitter has benefited my life and my mind. (下线并没有让我的生活变得那么快乐。但离开Twitter有一种方式让我的生活和思想受益。)”和“Leaving them unfilled has changed how I walk through time. I may wave to a neighbor; I may feel gratitude or delight. I may notice that I feel tired or lonely. But this, too, is part of the gifts of these small moments.(不填满它们改变了我度过时间的方式。我可能向邻居挥手；我可能会感到感激或高兴。我可能会注意到我感到疲倦或孤独。但是，这也是这些小时刻的一部分礼物。)”可知，本文主要讲的是作者曾经受过多使用推特的困扰，在戒掉社交媒体后作者的生活发生了很多变化，因此本文的目的是分享离线带来的意外好处。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段的“Being offline didn’t make my life that joyful. But there is one way that leaving Twitter has benefited my life and my mind. (下线并没有让我的生活变得那么快乐。但离开Twitter有一种方式让我的生活和思想受益。)”和“Freeing up those seemingly inconsequential moments has been transformative. These moments are nothing I really considered before and I even didn’t notice their departure when I began going online. Leaving them unfilled has changed how I walk through time. I may wave to a neighbor; I may feel gratitude or delight. I may notice that I feel tired or lonely. But this, too, is part of the gifts of these small moments.(把那些看似无关紧要的时刻释放出来会带来变革。这些时刻是我之前从未真正考虑过的，当我开始上网时，我甚至没有注意到它们的离开。不填满它们改变了我穿越时间的方式。我可能向邻居挥手;我可能会感到感激或高兴。我可能会注意到我感到疲倦或孤独。但是，这也是这些小时刻的一部分礼物。)”可知，本文主要讲的是作者曾经受过多使用推特的困扰，在戒掉社交媒体后作者的生活发生了很多变化，也就是关于把有些看似无关紧要的时候空出来，不用社交媒体的好处，因此最好的题目是A选项“Free up Small Moments(释放小时刻)”，故选A。
8．D 9．C 10．B 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究——当人们睡眠太少时，帮助别人的意愿就会崩溃，并解释了研究开展的过程以及睡眠的重要性。
8．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“But after sleep loss, 78 percent had less of a desire to help others, even when it came to friends and family.(但睡眠不足后，78%的人不太愿意帮助别人，即使是朋友和家人)”可推知，当人们睡眠太少或睡眠不足时，帮助别人的意愿就会降低。由此可知，划线词collapse与decrease “降低”意思接近。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When they were well rested, the participants scored well on a helping behavior test. But after sleep loss, 78 percent had less of a desire to help others, even when it came to friends and family.(当他们休息得很好时，参与者在帮助行为测试中得分很高。但睡眠不足后，78%的人不太愿意帮助别人，即使是朋友和家人)”可知，根据第一个实验，大约四分之三的参与者由于缺乏睡眠而不愿意帮忙。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“If you’re not getting enough sleep, it doesn’t just hurt your own well-being, it hurts the well-being of your entire social circle, including strangers.(如果你睡眠不足，这不仅会损害你自己的健康，还会损害你整个社交圈的健康，包括陌生人)”及最后一段“There’s a silver lining to all that ungenerous behavior, he writes: Unlike personality traits, sleep can be adjusted — both getting enough and helping others do the same might make for a better world.(他写道，所有这些不慷慨的行为都有一线希望：与性格特征不同，睡眠是可以调整的——获得足够的睡眠和帮助他人也这样做可能会让世界变得更美好)”可推知，Eti Ben Simon主要强调了改善我们的睡眠将有利于整个社会。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。主旨大意题。根据第一段“Empathy and generosity are two traits (特征) that make the world go around. But a study suggests that the willingness to help collapses when people get too little-or poor-sleep.(同理心和慷慨是让世界运转的两个特质。但一项研究表明，当人们睡眠太少或睡眠不足时，帮助别人的意愿就会崩溃)及下文介绍可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究——当人们睡眠太少时，帮助别人的意愿就会崩溃，并解释了研究开展的过程以及睡眠的重要性。由此可知，A选项“Too little sleep makes people less generous(睡眠太少会让人不够慷慨)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
12．B 13．C 14．D 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇议说明文。文章讲述社交媒体扩大了我们的人际关系范围，但会引发孤独感和不自信。我们应该加强与现实生活中朋友的联系。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Why does social media cause feelings of loneliness and lack of confidence Because instead of being real life, it is impression management, a way of marketing yourself, carefully choosing and filtering (过滤) the picture and words to put your best face forward.(为什么社交媒体会让人感到孤独和缺乏自信？因为这不是真实的生活，而是一种印象管理，一种推销自己的方式，仔细选择和过滤图片和文字，把你最好的一面展现出来。)”和文章第二段“Generally speaking, there are no unfiltered or casually taken photos on our social media pages because it wouldn’t feel safe to be completely authentic (真实的) and vulnerable (易受伤的) with some of our “friends” whom we don’t actually know or with whom trust has yet to be built.(一般来说，我们的社交媒体页面上没有未经过滤或随意拍摄的照片，因为对于一些我们实际上并不了解或尚未建立信任的“朋友”，完全真实和脆弱会让人感到不安全。)”可推知，社交媒体可能会让我们感到孤立和不安全。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Generally speaking, there are no unfiltered or casually taken photos on our social media pages because it wouldn’t feel safe to be completely authentic (真实的) and vulnerable (易受伤的) with some of our “friends” whom we don’t actually know or with whom trust has yet to be built.(一般来说，我们的社交媒体页面上没有未经过滤或随意拍摄的照片，因为对于一些我们实际上并不了解或尚未建立信任的“朋友”，完全真实和脆弱会让人感到不安全。)”可推知，人们在社交媒体上有选择性地发布照片，是因为他们并不认为所有的网友都值得信赖。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Also, we tend to idealize others’ lives and compare our downfalls to their greatest accomplishments, ending in feelings of loneliness and lack of confidence.(此外，我们倾向于把别人的生活理想化，把我们的失败和他们最伟大的成就作比较，最终感到孤独和缺乏自信。)”可知，人们往往将别人的生活描绘一幅美好的画面。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“However, social media should feel like a fun experience, not one that contributes to negative thoughts and feelings. If the latter is the case, increasing face to face time with trusted friends and minimizing time scrolling online will prove to be a reminder that your real social network is much more rewarding than any “like”, “follow” or “share” can be.(然而，社交媒体应该是一种有趣的体验，而不是一种导致消极思想和情绪的体验。如果是后者，增加与值得信赖的朋友面对面的时间，尽量减少上网的时间，这将会提醒你，你真正的社交网络比任何“喜欢”、“关注”或“分享”都要有价值得多。)”可知，当社交媒体让人产生了消极的感受时，作者建议人们加强与现实生活中的朋友而不是网上朋友的联系。故选B。
16．B 17．C 18．D 19．A 20．F
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们在保护环境过程中的一些常见的错误。
16．根据前句“But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false.(但最近，一些“绿色真理”被证明只对了一半，甚至是完全错误的)”和下文可知，下文具体介绍一些常见错误的“绿色真理”。所以选择项B“Here are some common ones.(这里有一些常见的错误绿色真理)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
17．根据前句“It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. (这似乎是常识：吃当地的食物应该对环境更好，因为它们不需要长途运输，也不需要在运输过程中保持低温)”和后句“It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.(消耗大部分能源和产生大部分温室气体的是粮食生产，而不是粮食运输)”可知，上文讲“吃当地食物对环境有好处”是一种常见的错误真理，下文作者解释了原因，表明其中道理，上下文表转折，说明事实并非那么简单。所以选择项C“Unfortunately, it is not that simple. (不幸的是，事情并没有那么简单)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
18．根据下文“It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you'll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible. (这取决于你花多长时间洗澡和你的浴缸有多大。如果你花在淋浴上的时间超过8分钟，你就会用掉和泡澡一样多的水——大约50升水。因此，关键是让你的淋浴时间尽可能短)”可知，淋浴比泡澡更节约水的观点是错误的。所以选择项D“It’s better to take a shower than a bath. (洗淋浴比泡澡好)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
19．根据前句“Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals. (塑料袋会造成垃圾，对野生动物是一种威胁)”可知，后文应继续陈述塑料袋的缺点，比如它具体如何威胁到野生动物的。所以选择项A“They mistake them for food. (它们误以为塑料袋是食物)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
20．根据前文“However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The process also produces more greenhouse gases. (然而，制作一个纸袋所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍，水的用量是制作塑料袋的三倍。这个过程也会产生更多的温室气体)”可知，事实上塑料袋和纸袋都污染环境。所以选择项F“In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. (事实上，这两种袋子都对环境有害)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
21．A 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．C 28．A 29．D 30．B 31．A 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．D
【分析】本文是说明文。这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的，但是随着社会的发展，生活水平的提高，人们的寿命比以前更长了，而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态，为社会做贡献。
21．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed 设计；selected 选择，挑选；improved 提高，改善；discovered发现。根据live no longer than 120 years可知，人类最多不会活过120岁，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定的，be designed to do被设计，故应选A。
22．考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命-如果他非常的健康和幸运。completely 完全地；generally 一般地；apparently 显然地；extremely极其，非常。根据 the longest that anyone could hope to live可知，如果一个人非常的健康而且很幸运，人们希望能活到110岁。故选D。
23．考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地；harmlessly 无害地；endlessly 无止境的；separately 分离地，分开地。根据They wear out, and as a result可知，因为人体的细胞会耗尽，不会无止境的再生。因此应选C。
24．考查副词及语境的理解。句意：他们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终；hopelessly 没有希望地；automatically 自动地；desperately绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据 They wear out, and as a result, we get old 可知，这里在说人的生长过程。选A。
25．考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久的活着，我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier 更忙的；longer 更长的；richer 更富有的；happier更开心的。根据than ever before可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。
26．考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成；guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing划分。根据 Sixty-five may be out-of-date可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选D。
27．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据until after age 75可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选C。
28．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。
29．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据 Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, 可知，由于以前没有现代药物，当时很多普遍的儿童因为疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。
30．考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据the chances of living long are much higher 可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，现在少年死去的几率低了，dying young就是年少死去。故选B。
31．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will…可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。
32．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。
33．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement移动。根据 healthy, still active, and young in 13 if not in age.可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。
34．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护；suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission允许。根据 they need to 15 active and be devoted.可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。
35．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来；appear 好像；出现；turn 转，变成；stay保持。根据 With long lives ahead of them,可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。
36．making 37．who 38．performance 39．a 40．was defeated 41．satisfied 42．my 43．to 44．better 45．it
【导语】本文是篇新闻报道。讲述了中国舞者B-girl刘清怡在2022年WDSF世界霹雳舞锦标赛上获得银牌和她对将来的展望，以及提到霹雳舞被列为2024年巴黎奥运会的比赛项目。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：10月22日，在2022年WDSF世界霹雳舞锦标赛上，中国队的B-girl刘清怡夺得银牌，这一突破为中国队带来了首枚世界冠军奖牌。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词pocketed，所以make用非谓语形式，主语是B-girl Liu Qingyi，两者是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填making。
37．考查定语从句。句意：刘的昵称是B-Girl 671，她在预选中排名第四，在接下来的比赛中表现出色，与三名日本霹雳舞选手一起晋级四强。分析句子机构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是Liu，在从句中作主语，用who引导。故填who。
38．考查名词。句意：刘的昵称是B-Girl 671，她在预选中排名第四，在接下来的比赛中表现出色，与三名日本霹雳舞选手一起晋级四强。分析句子机构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，perform的名词形式是performance。故填performance。
39．考查冠词。句意：在半决赛中，刘以2比0击败了日本选手Riko Tsuhako，展现了她强有力的动作和良好的节奏感。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：a good sense of意为“很好的……感”。故填a。
40．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在激烈的金牌争夺战中，刘被2019年世界冠军日本选手Ami Yuasa2:1击败，仅获得银牌。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语，所以defeat作本句谓语，根据空后的by可知，用被动语态，根据时间状语2019，可知用一般过去时。故填was defeated。
41．考查形容词。句意：在比赛前，她设定了进入前八的目标，她对银牌感到满意，因为她从半决赛中恢复了状态。分析句子结构可知，空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，此处是固定搭配：be satisfied with意为“满足于”。故填satisfied。
42．考查代词。句意：能和冠军竞争是我的荣幸。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词性物主代词作定语。故填my。
43．考查介词。句意：我将继续我的动作，我期待着明年的世界锦标赛。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：look forward to意为“期待”。故填to。
44．考查副词。句意：我相信我们明年会做得更好。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空前的动词，应该用副词修饰，根据句意，此处和明年比较，用比较级。故填better。
45．考查代词。句意：国际奥委会(IOC)将于2020年正式将霹雳舞列为2024年巴黎奥运会的比赛项目，霹雳舞将首次亮相奥运会。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词或者代词作宾语，根据句意，此处应是it代指前文提到的Breaking 。故填it。
46．Dear Chris,
Knowing that you have a keen interest in traditional Chinese Culture, I can’t wait to invite you to a lecture on traditional Chinese medicine which will be held in my school.
The lecture will begin at 3 p.m. this Sunday in the school hall. An expert is going to narrate the development history of traditional Chinese medicine and share some significance and effects of it. As far as I can see, it can enrich your understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and make you realize how much difference traditional Chinese culture has made in the present world.
Looking forward to your arrival!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生写信邀请留学生朋友Chris参加学校要举办的传统中医讲座。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对…感兴趣：have an interest in→be interested in
举办：hold→throw
陈述：narrate→recount
在我看来：as far as I can see→in my opinion
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The lecture will begin at 3 p.m. this Sunday in the school hall. An expert is going to narrate the development history of traditional Chinese medicine and share some significance and effects of it.
拓展句：The lecture will begin at 3 p.m. this Sunday in the school hall, during which an expert is going to narrate the development history of traditional Chinese medicine and share some significance and effects of it.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you have a keen interest in traditional Chinese Culture, I can’t wait to invite you to a lecture on traditional Chinese medicine which will be held in my school.（由that引导的宾语从句和which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】As far as I can see, it can enrich your understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and make you realize how much difference traditional Chinese culture has made in the present world.（由how much引导的宾语从句）
47． The problem was still unsolved the next week until I noticed a boy in the school canteen. He was silent sitting alone at a lunch table. He had messy hair and a thin face, always wearing his oversized coat and looking sad and shy. I thought I would go and sit with him for a while. As I walked towards him, I noticed the lunch bag on the table. The name card on the bag said “Katie”. Now I understood what had happened. Later that day, I found Katie and talked to her about it.
Katie asked me not to tell her parents. But I drove to her house that evening after I was sure that she was in bed. I had never seen parents so proud of their child. Katie didn’t care that she was misunderstood by her parents and teacher. But she cared about a little boy who was hungry and scared. What a sweet girl she was! Later Katie still bought lunch every day at school. And every morning, as she headed out of the door, her mom handed her a delicious homemade lunch.
【分析】本文讲述了凯蒂是一个学生，她虽然个子矮，但却很聪明，她喜欢在课堂上帮助别人，大家都很喜欢这个善良的孩子。但前几天她遇到了大麻烦，她一直都在欠食堂的午餐费用，这让父母很生气，也很疑惑，因为他们每天都会给凯蒂带家里自制的午餐。作者请凯蒂到自己的办公室，问她到底发生了什么，但凯蒂坚持说是自己把从家里带来的午餐弄丢了，作者也无能为力。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“直到下个星期我注意到学校食堂里的一个男孩，这个问题才得以解决。”可知，第一段可描写凯蒂到底为什么会欠食堂的午餐费用及和这个男孩有什么关系？
②由第二段首句内容“凯蒂叫我不要告诉她的父母。”可知，第二段可描写作者把事情原委告诉凯蒂的父母后，父母的表现。
2.续写线索：男孩的样子——男孩吃了凯蒂的午餐——作者再次和凯蒂交谈——告知凯蒂父母事情的真相——父母为凯蒂骄傲
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.注意：notice/pay attention to
②.和某人谈论某事：talk to sb. about sth./talk about sth with sb
③.误解：misunderstand/misread
情绪类
①.安静的：silent/quiet
②.害怕的：scared/afraid
【点睛】[高分句型1]. I thought I would go and sit with him for a while. （由that引导的从句作thought的宾语，省略了that）
[高分句型2]. As I walked towards him, I noticed the lunch bag on the table. （由As引导的时间状语从句）