进阶练01 选词填空（十一选十）新题速递15篇
一、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．manually B．alternative C． approaches D．trained E. promise F. sorting G. categories H. advanced I. potentially J. equivalent K. anticipating
Will AI be the first to discover ET or alien life From the hills of West Virginia to the flats of rural Australia, some of the world’s largest telescopes are listening for signals from distant alien civilizations. The search for extraterrestrial(地球外的) intelligence, known as SETI, is an effort to find signals that might have come from a(n) 1 civilization in a far-away solar system. Machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), is used to help astronomers quickly filter the vast amounts of data. As AI reshapes many scientific fields, what 2 does it hold for the search for life beyond Earth
“It is a new era for SETI research that is opening up thanks to machine-learning technology,” says Franck Marchis, a planetary astronomer at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California. When it comes to analyzing data, going through millions of observations 3 isn’t practical. A common 4 method is to use algorithms(算法) that look for signals matching astronomers’ expectation. But those algorithms can overlook 5 interesting signals that are slightly different from what astronomers are expecting.
When it comes to AI, machine-learning algorithms are 6 on large amounts of data and can learn to recognize the Earthly interference. Thus, it makes them very good at 7 out the noise. Machine learning is also good at picking up the extraterrestrial signals that don’t fall into conventional 8 and so might have been missed by earlier methods, says Dan Werthimer, a SETI scientist at the University of California, Berkeley. Peter Ma, a mathematician and physicist at the University of Toronto, Canada, agrees. “We can’t always be 9 what ET might send to us,” he says.
Still, SETI will probably continue to use a mixture of classical and machine-learning 10 to screen through data, says Jean-Luc Margot, an astronomer at UCLA．Classical algorithms remain excellent at picking up candidate signals, and machine learning is “not a cure-all”, he says. “The machines can’t do it all, yet,” agrees Werthimer.
【答案】
1．H 2．E 3．A 4．B 5．I 6．D 7．F 8．G 9．K 10．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就人工智能会不会第一个发现外星人或外星生命的话题展开，论述了人工智能在寻找外星生命上的研究。
1．考查形容词。句意：搜寻地外文明，即SETI，是一项寻找可能来自遥远太阳系的先进文明的信号的努力。结合句意表示“先进”可知应填形容词advanced，作定语。故填advanced。故选H。
2．考查名词。句意：随着人工智能重塑许多科学领域，它对寻找地球以外的生命有什么希望？结合句意表示“希望”可知应填名词promise，作宾语，故填promise。故选E。
3．考查副词。句意：在分析数据时，手动查看数百万个观测数据是不现实的。结合句意表示“手动”可知应填副词manually，修饰动词短语going through。故填manually。故选A。
4．考查形容词。句意：一种常见的替代方法是使用算法来寻找符合天文学家预期的信号。结合句意表示“替代”可知应填形容词alternative，作定语修饰名词method。故填alternative。故选B。
5．考查副词。句意：但这些算法可能会忽略一些可能有趣的信号，这些信号与天文学家预期的略有不同。结合句意表示“可能”可知应填副词potentially，修饰动词overlook，作状语。故填potentially。故选I。
6．考查动词。句意：在人工智能方面，机器学习算法接受了大量数据的训练，可以学习识别地球干扰。结合句意表示“训练”可知应填动词train，与主语构成被动关系，结合are可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故填trained。故选D。
7．考查动词。句意：因此，这使他们非常善于分类噪音。结合句意表示“分类”可知应填动词sort，作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填sorting。故选F。
8．考查名词。句意：加州大学伯克利分校的SETI科学家Dan Werthimer说，机器学习还擅长捕捉不属于传统类别的外星信号，这些信号可能被早期的方法忽略了。结合句意表示“类别”以及上文没有冠词，可知应填名词categories，故填categories。故选G。
9．考查动词。句意：他说：“我们不能总是期待ET可能会给我们发送什么。”结合句意表示“期待”可知应填动词anticipate，结合上文always be可知应用-ing形式，故填anticipating。故选K。
10．考查名词。句意：加州大学洛杉矶分校的天文学家Jean-Luc Margot说，SETI可能会继续混合使用经典和机器学习的方法来筛选数据。结合句意表示“方法”可知应填名词approach，根据上文a mixture of classical and machine-learning可知为复数形式。故填approaches。故选C。
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．heading B．incredibly C． adaptable D．alternative E. pursuit F. dumped G. recycled H. global I. calculated J. precisely K. generated
Planet Plastic
Here’s a shocking statistic. Scientists have calculated the total amount of plastic ever made: 8.3 billion tonnes. Looked at another way, that’s as heavy as 25,000 Empire State Buildings or one billion elephants. And 11 , almost all of it has been made in the last 65 years.
So what’s the problem Much plastic is in the form of packaging which is used just once and then thrown away. According to a major new study from the University of California, 9% of this is 12 , 12% is burned and 79% goes to landfill. And because most plastic doesn’t biodegrade (生物降解), once it’s in the ground, it stays there.
It’s a situation that has led the paper’s lead author, ecologist Dr. Roland Geyer, to say that we are “rapidly 13 towards ‘Planet Plastic’”. He believes that there’s already enough waste out there to cover the whole of Argentina.
The team behind this report also estimate that eight million tonnes of plastic waste are 14 into the sea every year. This has 15 concern that plastic is entering the food chain through fish and other sea life which consume the smaller pieces.
Of course, the reason why there’s so much plastic around is that it’s an amazingly useful material. We can’t get enough of it. It’s durable and 16 , and is used for everything from yoghurt pots to spaceships. But it’s 17 this quality that makes it a problem. The only way to destroy plastic is to heat or burn it — although this has the side effect of harmful emissions.
So what’s the 18 other than using less plastic Oceanographer (海洋学家) Dr. Erik van Sebille from Utrecht University says we’re facing a flood of plastic waste, and that the 19 waste industry needs to “get its act together”.
Professor Richard Thompson, a marine biologist from Plymouth University, says it’s poor design that is at fault. He says that if products are currently designed “with recyclability in mind”, they could be recycled around 20 times over.
Dr. Geyer agrees: “The 20 of recycling is to keep material in use and in the cycle forever if you can. But it turns out in our study that actually 90% of that material that did get recycled — which I think we calculated was 600 million tonnes — only got recycled once.”
【答案】
11．B 12．G 13．A 14．F 15．K 16．C 17．J 18．D 19．H 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了在过去的几十年里，我们赖以生存的地球已经成为了一个塑料星球，作者也呼吁大家要保护地球，少用塑料和尽量多回收利用塑料产品。
11．考查副词。句意：令人难以置信的是，几乎所有这些都是在过去65年里制造出来的。分析句子成分，去掉空处并不影响句子，故空处需要填一个副词；结合上下文，83亿吨的塑料垃圾竟然是在65年内制造出来的，这个结果是令人难以置信的，故需要填incredibly。故选B项。
12．考查形容词/动词。句意：根据加州大学的一项重要的新研究，其中9%被回收，12%被焚烧，79%被填埋。空前有be动词is，故空处需要填形容词作表语或动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态。结合句意，可填recycled表示“回收利用的”为形容词，也可以理解为过去分词形式，和is构成一般现在时的被动，表“被回收”，符合题干和句意。故选G项。
13．考查动词。句意：这一情况使得该论文的主要作者、生态学家罗兰·盖耶博士说，我们正在“迅速走向‘塑料星球’”。此次表示“走向”，为动词短语head towards，空前有be动词are，结合句意需要表示“正在”，故动词应用doing的形式表进行，故需要用heading。故选A项。
14．考查动词。句意：撰写这份报告的团队还估计，每年有800万吨塑料垃圾被倒入大海。空前有be动词are，故空处需要填形容词作表语或动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态。结合句意，可填过去分词形式dumped与are构成一般现在时的被动，表示“被倒入”，符合句意。故选F项。
15．考查动词。句意：这引起了人们的担忧，即塑料正在通过鱼类和其他海洋生物进入食物链，这些生物会消耗塑料碎片。空前有助动词has，结合句意可知，此处需要填过去分词的形式构成现在完成时，表达“已经”的含义。generated意为“引发；引起”，符合句意。故选K项。
16．考查形容词。句意：它耐用，适应性强，从酸奶罐到宇宙飞船都可以使用。根据上下文可知，塑料的适应性非常强，小到酸奶罐，大到宇宙飞船都能用，表示“适应性强的”可用形容词adaptable。故选C项。
17．考查副词。句意：但正是这一特性使它成为一个问题。分析句子成分，去掉空处并不影响句子，故空处需要填一个副词；上文提到塑料的优点，下文提到塑料的优点带来的缺点，故空处应填precisely表示强调“正是”。故选J项。
18．考查名词。句意：那么，除了少用塑料，还有什么别的选择呢？空前有定冠词the，故空处需要填名词。后文给出了除了少用塑料之外的办法，故空处应填alternative表示“另外的选择”，由前面的is可知，应用单数。故选D项。
19．考查形容词。句意：乌得勒支大学的海洋学家Erik van Sebille博士表示，我们正面临着大量的塑料垃圾，全球垃圾处理行业需要“共同行动起来”。分析句子成分，空处需要填形容词作定语修饰waste“垃圾”，global意为“全球的”，符合题干，强调塑料问题是一个全球的垃圾，也是全球的问题。故选H项。
20．考查名词。句意：盖耶博士对此表示赞同：“对回收利用的追求是尽可能让材料永远处于使用和循环之中。由空前的定冠词The和空后的介词of可知，空出需要填一个名词。固定短语the pursuit of表示“追求……”，符合句意。故选E项。
（2023上·上海·高三上海南汇中学校考阶段练习）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．capable B．controllable C． faint D．ideal E. landscape F. outpacing G. perceive H. physical I. promise J. scrub K. supporting
You’ll Never Be Truly AloneIn the decades to come, a large number of home robots could make today’s appliances seem interesting. The market for consumer and office robots is expected to develop quickly in the next three years, according to a 2015 report by Business Insider Intelligence, being greater than $1.5 billion and far 21 the growth of robots in manufacturing.
We already have robots that clean the house, like the Roomba, but in the future we’ll also have robot arms that can 22 surfaces and bathe people, says Christopher Atkeson, a roboticist at Carnegie Mellon, whose lab has produced such machines. Eventually, robots will fold laundry and cook meals. And if they work well, you won’t even notice them. The key to effective robots is ”being 23 of predicting what people will do,“ says Julie Shah, the head of the Interactive Robotics Group at MIT. ”The idea is either 24 people or staying out of their way.“
That said, some people may want a robot that hangs around. In Japan, a friendly humanoid robot called Pepper that can 25 and respond to human emotion has proved enormously popular since it went on sale two years ago. Pepper might turn out to be the 26 roommate- helpful, kind, and always up for hanging out, but never in the way.
Perhaps the already 27 line between online and offline life will disappear, and human relationships with intelligent machines will represent a new extension of our social 28 . Your in-hour robot could serve as an avatar(化身)for friends and family, 29 from afar so that, with the help of robotic arms and legs, you could dance with or hug a loved one who is halfway around the planet. The real 30 of - or problem with - the house of the future, then, might be that you’ll never have to leave it. However, what the future house will be like still remains to be seen.
【答案】
21．F 22．J 23．A 24．K 25．G 26．D 27．C 28．E 29．B 30．I
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。预计未来三年消费和办公机器人市场将迅速发展会远远超过制造业机器人的增长速度，人类与智能机器的关系将会有新的发展。
21．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据Business Insider Intelligence 2015年的一份报告，预计未来三年消费和办公机器人市场将迅速发展，规模将超过15亿美元，远远超过制造业机器人的增长速度。设空处为非谓语在句中作状语，应用动词的现在分词的形式，outpacing“超过”合乎题意。故选F。
22．考查动词。句意：卡内基梅隆大学(Carnegie Mellon)的机器人专家克里斯托弗·阿特克森(Christopher Atkeson)说，我们已经有了打扫房间的机器人，比如Roomba，但在未来，我们还会有可以擦洗表面和给人洗澡的机器人手臂。他的实验室已经生产出了这种机器。设空处在句中作谓语，空前为can，设空处应用动词原形的形式，scrub“擦洗，擦净”合乎题意。故选J。
23．考查形容词。句意：麻省理工学院互动机器人小组的负责人朱莉·沙阿说，高效机器人的关键是“能够预测人们会做什么。设空处应为形容词作表语，capable“有能力的”合乎题意。故选A。
24．考查非谓语动词。句意：这句话的意思是要么支持别人，要么置身事外。设空处应用动名词的形式作表语，supporting“支持”合乎题意。故选K。
25．考查动词。句意：在日本，一个名叫“小辣椒”的友好型人形机器人可以做到这一点。事实证明，自两年前上市以来，感知和回应人类情感的产品非常受欢迎。设空处为句子的谓语，空前为can，设空处应用动词原形的形式，perceive“认为，理解”合乎题意。故选G。
26．考查形容词。句意：佩珀可能会成为理想的室友——乐于助人、和蔼可亲，总是愿意出去玩，但从不妨碍你。设空处应用形容词修饰名词，ideal“理想的”合乎题意。故选D。
27．考查名词。句意：也许线上生活和线下生活之间已经模糊的界限将会消失，空后为名词，设空处应为形容词修饰名词。faint“模糊的，微弱的”合乎题意。故选C。
28．考查名词。句意：人类与智能机器的关系将代表我们社会景观的新延伸。设空处为介词的宾语，应用名词的形式。landscape“风景，景色；形势，情形”合乎题意。故选E。
29．考查形容词。句意：你的一小时机器人可以作为朋友和家人的化身，从远处控制，在机械手臂和腿的帮助下，你可以和远在地球另一端的爱人跳舞或拥抱。设空处应用形容词短语作定语修饰名词robot，controllable“可控制的；可管理的”合乎题意。故选B。
30．考查名词。句意：那么，未来之家真正的承诺——或者说问题——可能是你永远不必离开它。然而，未来的房子会是什么样子还有待观察。设空处应用名词的形式作主语，promise“承诺，保证”合乎题意。故选I。
（2023上·上海·高三上海市回民中学校考期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．agreement B．borders C． objective D． initiated E. existing F. barely G. stimulated H. dramatically I. migratory J. cooperation K. frequent
Glacier National Park in Montana shares boundaries with Canada, an American Indian reservation, and a national forest. Along the North Fork of the Flathead River, the park also 31 about 17,000 acres of private lands that are currently used for ranching, timber, and agriculture. This land is an important part of the habitat and 32 routes for several endangered species that 33 the park. These private lands are essentially the only ones available for development in the region.
With encouragement from the park, local landowners 34 a land use planning effort to guide the future of the North Fork. The park is a partner in an inter local 35 that calls for resource managing agencies to work together and with the more than 400 private owners in the area. A draft plan has been prepared, with 36 of maintaining traditional economic uses but limiting new development that would damage park resources. Voluntary action by landowners, in 37 with the park and the county, is helping to restrict small lot subdivisions, maintain wildlife corridors, and minimize any harmful impact on the environment.
The willingness of local landowners to participate in this protection effort may have been 38 by concerns that congress would impose a legislative solution. Nevertheless, many local residents want to retain the 39 character of the area. Meetings between park officials and landowners have led to a 40 improved understanding of all concerns.
【答案】
31．B 32．I 33．K 34．D 35．A 36．C 37．J 38．G 39．E 40．H
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了蒙大拿州的冰川国家公园与加拿大、美国印第安人保留区和国家森林接壤。沿着弗拉黑德河的北福克，公园还与大约17000英亩的私人土地接壤，这些土地目前用于牧场，木材和农业。文章介绍了该土地的利用情况。
31．考查动词。句意：沿着弗拉黑德河的北福克，公园还与大约17,000英亩的私人土地接壤，这些土地目前用于牧场，木材和农业。根据“about 17,000 acres of private lands”以及句意“接壤”可知应填动词border，此处陈述事实用一般现在时，谓语用三单形式。故选B。
32．考查形容词。句意：这片土地是一些经常出现在公园里的濒危物种的栖息地和迁徙路线的重要组成部分。根据“routes for several endangered species”以及句意“迁徙”可知应填形容词migratory，作定语修饰名词routes。故选I。
33．考查动词。句意：这片土地是一些经常出现在公园里的濒危物种的栖息地和迁徙路线的重要组成部分。根据“This land is an important part of the habitat”以及句意“出现”可知应填动词frequent，作谓语，定语从句谓语与先行词species保持一致，用原形。故选K。
34．考查动词。句意：在公园的鼓励下，当地土地所有者发起了一项土地使用规划工作，以指导北福克的未来。根据“a land use planning effort to guide the future of the North Fork”以及句意“发起”可知应填动词initiate，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选D。
35．考查名词。句意：该公园是一项地方间协议的合作伙伴，该协议要求资源管理机构与该地区400多家私人所有者共同合作。根据“that calls for resource managing agencies to work together and with the more than 400 private owners in the area.”以及句意“协议”可知应填名词agreement，不定冠词提示用单数。故选A。
36．考查名词。句意：一份计划草案已经准备好，其目标是保持传统的经济用途，但限制可能破坏公园资源的新开发。根据“maintaining traditional economic uses”以及句意“目标”可知应填名词objective，作宾语，故选C。
37．考查名词。句意：土地所有者的自愿行动，在公园和县的合作下，正在帮助限制小块土地的细分，维护野生动物走廊，并尽量减少对环境的有害影响。根据“with the park and the county”以及句意“合作”可知应填名词cooperation，作宾语，故选J。
38．考查动词。句意：当地土地所有者愿意参与这一保护工作，可能是由于担心国会将强制实施立法解决方案。根据“by concerns that congress would impose a legislative solution”以及句意“刺激”可知应填动词stimulate，结合上文have been可知为现在完成时，用过去分词。故选G。
39．考查形容词。句意：然而，许多当地居民希望保留该地区的现有特色。根据“many local residents want to retain”以及句意“现有”可知应填形容词existing，作定语修饰名词character。故选E。
40．考查副词。句意：公园官员和土地所有者之间的会议大大提高了对所有问题的理解。根据“improved understanding of all concerns”以及句意“明显地，大大地”可知应填副词dramatically，修饰动词improved。故选H。
（2023上·上海·高三上海中学校考期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．feature B．rejections C． indescribable D．drawing E. noted F. lives G. hit H. intentional I. resolved J. setting K. band
Jack London: A Fascinating CharacterWhen one mentions Jack London, the most common contemporary references that pop to mind are The Call of the Wild and White Fang. However, upon a closer look at the author, the true depth of how varied and interesting his life and works were can really be 41 .
London is considered America’s best author by many. Most successful and at ease writing short stories, he was also the first author to become genuinely wealthy during his lifetime from selling his work. However, this did not happen overnight: in fact, London received 600 42 before his first story was published for a spread out payment of $5.
During his 40 years, London seemed to have lived 1000 43 . By the age of 18, he had already worked as a coal miner, worked on sealing ships and can factories, and been in a(n) 44 of beggars. At 17, he went to jail in Buffalo, NY for 30 days due to the latter, an experience which proved to be one that even the productive writer himself called 45 .
When he did return to his formal education, he completed high school and then attended UC Berkley, which had been a major dream for him. However, he stopped after just one semester as he ran out of money and carried on to 46 the Klondike Gold Rush with his brother-in-law. That would later be the 47 for some of his most famous works. It was also in the Yukon that London became very ill and began writing. When he returned home, he 48 to become a commercially successful writer and began to write 1000 words daily. He wrote of adventure, politics, humanity, survival, often 49 from a large number of him personal experiences.
London died at the age of 40, from a drug overdose. It is not known whether it was 50 or not, as he made many references to suicide throughout his works.
【答案】
41．E 42．B 43．F 44．K 45．C 46．G 47．J 48．I 49．D 50．H
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍美国作家杰克·伦敦（Jack London）。
41．考查动词。句意：然而，仔细观察作者，他的生活和作品是多么的丰富多彩和有趣，这一点确实是可以看出来的。根据“upon a closer look at the author, the true depth of how varied and interesting his life and works were can really be”可知，这里需要动词note，意为“注意到”，此处用过去分词与前面的can be构成被动语态。故选E。
42．考查名词。句意：然而，这并不是一夜之间发生的：事实上，在他的第一篇报道以5美元的分期付款发表之前，伦敦收到了600份拒绝信。根据“this did not happen overnight”可知，这里需要复数名词rejections，意为“拒绝信”，作宾语。故选B。
43．考查名词。句意：在他的40年里，伦敦似乎经历了1000个人的生活。根据“have lived 1000 ”可知，这里需要名词lives，意为“生活”，作宾语。故选F。
44．考查名词。句意：18岁时，他已经当过煤矿工人，在密封船和罐头厂工作，还加入了一帮乞丐。根据“of beggars”可知，这里需要名词band，意为“帮派”，作宾语。故选K。
45．考查形容词。句意：17岁时，他因后者在纽约州布法罗市入狱30天，事实证明，即使是多产的作家自己也称这种经历难以形容。根据“At 17, he went to jail in Buffalo, NY for 30 days due to the latter,”可知，这里需要形容词indescribable，意为“难以置信的”，作补语。故选C。
46．考查动词。句意：然而，仅仅一个学期后，由于钱花光了，他就停了下来，继续和姐夫一起参加克朗代克淘金热。根据“the Klondike Gold Rush ”可知，这里需要动词hit，意为“加入……的行列、在……中碰运气”，结合carry on to do继续做另一件事情，此处用动词原形。故选G。
47．考查名词。句意：这将是后来他的一些最著名的作品的背景。根据“for some of his most famous works”可知，这里需要名词setting，意为“背景”，作表语。故选J。
48．考查动词。句意：回国后，他决心成为一名在商业上成功的作家，并开始每天写1000字。根据“to become a commercially successful writer and began to write 1000 words daily. ”可知，这里需要动词，意为“下定决心”，作谓语，且为一般过去时，故选I。
49．考查动词。句意：他写冒险、政治、人性、生存，经常从他的大量个人经历中汲取灵感。根据“from a large number of him personal experiences.”可知，这里需要动词draw，意为“吸收”，与逻辑主语He 是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故选D。
50．考查形容词。句意：目前还不知道这是否是故意的，因为他在整个作品中都提到了自杀。根据“as he made many references to suicide throughout his works.”可知，这里需要形容词intentional，意为“故意的”，作表语。故选H。
（2023上·上海·高三上海交大附中校考期中）Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．celebrate B．overlooked C． circumstances D．cast E. incredibly F. factors G. unspoken H. swim I. strongly J. normal K. assume
Self-Silencing Is Making Women SickIn the late 1980s, Harvard-trained psychologist Dana Jack identified a recurring theme among female patients suffering from depression: a tendency to self-silence, defined as “the tendency to engage in uncontrollable caretaking, pleasing the other, and restriction of self-expression in relationships in an attempt to achieve intimacy and meet relational needs.” He found that this learned behavior, 51 rooted in gender norms, was linked to an increased risk of depression.
Since then, considerable evidence has revealed that female self-silencing isn’t just tied to psychological issues like depression and eating disorders, but also to physical illness. Most worryingly, it has also been linked to higher risk of premature death. This was true even when 52 such as age, blood pressure, and smoking were taken into account.
When women push their feelings down and 53 their needs aside, their health suffers. But it can be difficult for women to do otherwise in cultures that 54 these self-silencing practices. Moms are praised for being painstakingly selfless to the point of self-sacrifice. These 55 standards establish a vicious (恶性的) cycle. For many women, it feels easier—beneficial, even—to silence their needs at the expense of their own health, rather than 56 against the prevailing cultural current.
In his best-selling book, The Myth of Normal, physician and author Gabor Mate writes that many of our society’s most “normalized ways of being” are, in fact, 57 toxic. “That ‘not listening to self’ in order to prioritize others’ needs is a significant source of the health-impairing roles women 58 ,” Mate explains. “It is among the medically 59 but extremely harmful ways in which our society’s ‘normal’ imposes a major health cost on women.”
To reshape the virtues of womanhood, a new “ 60 ” needs to emerge—one in which we honor our emotions, prioritize our needs, and actively communicate our boundaries. Such a shift requires change on both the individual and societal level, and will by no means be easy. But it’s certainly worth it—after all, women’s lives depend on it.
【答案】
51．I 52．F 53．D 54．A 55．G 56．H 57．E 58．K 59．B 60．J
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是研究发现女性的自我沉默不仅与抑郁和饮食失调等心理问题有关，还与身体疾病有关，为了重塑女性的美德，需要尊重自己的情感，优先考虑自己的需求，并积极沟通我们的界限。
51．考查副词。句意：他发现，这种习得性行为强有力地植根于性别规范，与抑郁风险的增加有关。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语修饰动词rooted，结合句意可知，此处表示“强有力地”应为strongly符合语境。故选I项。
52．考查名词。句意：即使将年龄、血压和吸烟等因素考虑在内，结果也是如此。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作主语，结合句意以及下文中的“such as age, blood pressure, and smoking”可知，此处表示“因素”应为factor且谓语动词为were taken，所以此处应是名词复数形式。故选F项。
53．考查动词。句意：当女性压抑自己的感受，把自己的需求放在一边时，她们的健康就会受到影响。分析句子结构可知，此处应与上文中的“push their feelings down”为并列谓语部分，结合句意可知，此处表示“抛弃”应为cast away，与push down为并列谓语，所以此处应使用一般现在时，句子主语为名词复数形式，所以此处使用动词原形。故选D项。
54．考查动词。句意：但在颂扬这些自我沉默行为的文化中，女性很难做出其他选择。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句的谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“赞扬”应为celebrate，结合上下文语境可知，此处应使用一般过去时，描述的是当前的客观事实，且与句子主语that指代的先行词cultures之间为主动关系，且主语为名词复数，所以此处使用动词原形。故选A项。
55．考查形容词。句意：这些不言而喻的标准建立了一个恶性循环。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语，结合句意可知，此处表示“未说出来的”符合语境。故选G项。
56．考查动词。句意：对许多女性来说，以牺牲自己的健康为代价来抑制自己的需求，比与主流文化逆流而行更容易——甚至更有益。结合句意可知，此处表示“逆流而上”应为swim against，分析句子结构可知，rather than连接两个不定式结构，所以此处应使用动词原形。故选H项。
57．考查副词。句意：医生兼作家Gabor Mate在他的畅销书《正常的神话》中写道，我们社会中许多最“正常的存在方式”实际上是非常有害的。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语修饰形容词toxic，结合句意可知，此处表示“非常地”应为Incredibly符合语境。故选E项。
58．考查动词。句意：“为了优先考虑他人的需求而‘不倾听自己’是女性扮演损害健康角色的一个重要来源，” Mate解释说。分析句子结构可知，此处应为定语从句中的谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“承担”应为assume，根据全文语境，此处讲述的是当前的客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，且与句子主语women之间为主动关系，主语为名词复数，所以使用动词原形。故选K项。
59．考查动词。句意：这是医学上被忽视但极其有害的方式之一，我们的社会‘正常’给女性带来了巨大的健康成本。分析句子结构可知，此处应为but后的harmful为并列关系作定语修饰名词ways，结合句意可知，此处表示“忽视”应为overlook，overlook与所修饰词ways之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式overlooked意为“被忽视的”符合语境。故选B项。
60．考查形容词。句意：为了重塑女性的美德，需要出现一种新的“常态”——我们尊重自己的情感，优先考虑自己的需求，并积极沟通我们的界限。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词needs，结合句意以及上文中的“our society’s ‘normal’ imposes a major health cost on women.”可知，此处表示“正常的”应为normal。故选J项。
（2023上·上海·高三上海市建平中学校考期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．advance B．appeal C． association D．differs E. diligently F. entirely G. frustration H. produce I. uncooperative J. vague K. worthy
The garden pathImagine a plate holding two strawberries, identical in appearance. One came out of a supermarket box. By the time it reached the plate it may have been off the vine for two weeks. The other strawberry was picked from a garden minutes before being eaten.
The first one will probably taste like a slightly sour cucumber, with a(n) 61 hint of berry taste. The second is likely to be sweet and floral. Supermarket strawberries are not 62 without advantages: they are convenient and available in the northern hemisphere in February. But the two berries are distinct from each other in the same way that hearing music in a concert hall 63 from listening to it on a worn-out cassette. The home-grown fruit is an edible case for cultivating a home garden.
Those who long dismissed gardening as a waste of time 64 this argument with great passion. They think a garden can yield peas that taste like the vibrant, green essence of spring; tomatoes and carrots of incomparable sweetness; and lettuces and herbs that taste like themselves rather than the plastic they are usually packaged in. Growing your own vegetables, exotic or routine, ensures a reliable supply, offering quality seasonal 65 .
That attitude misrepresents the ultimate 66 of gardening: it mistakes the product for the purpose. On the other hand, a garden, especially in the easy years, can also yield little but 67 . Novice gardeners may plant the wrong crops for their soil. And even expert gardeners can lose a season’s harvest to 68 weather.
No matter. The real joy of gardening is the time spent doing it. The deepest pleasure — as with cooking writing, bringing up children or almost anything worthwhile - is in the work itself. A gardener’s memories center not on the food produced, but on long summer afternoons with hands in the dirt, surrounded by family, if the garden is at home, or deepening 69 with friends and neighbors in a community garden. To garden is to 70 help life flourish with love and patience, in the ground and above it.
【答案】
61．J 62．F 63．D 64．A 65．H 66．B 67．G 68．I 69．C 70．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了不同人对于园艺的不同看法以及园艺的真正意义所在。
61．考查形容词。句意：第一个可能尝起来像微酸的黄瓜，带着一丝模糊的浆果味。根据“like a slightly sour cucumber”以及句意“模糊的”可知，应填形容词vague，作定语修饰hint。故选J。
62．考查副词。句意：超市里的草莓并非完全没有优点：它们很方便，而且在北半球的二月份就可以买到。根据“they are convenient and available in the northern hemisphere in February.”以及句意“完全”可知，应填副词entirely，修饰后文介词短语。故选F。
63．考查动词。句意：但这两种浆果的区别就像在音乐厅里听音乐和在破旧的卡带上听音乐的区别一样。根据“from listening to it on a worn-out cassette”以及句意“不同，区别”可知，应填differs，作谓语，构成differ from表示“不同于……”。故选D。
64．考查动词。句意：那些长期认为园艺是浪费时间的人以极大的热情推进了这一论点。根据“this argument with great passion”以及句意“推进”可知，应填动词advance，作谓语，故选A。
65．考查名词。句意：种植自己的蔬菜，异国的或是常见的，确保可靠的供应，提供优质的时令农产品。根据“Growing your own vegetables”以及句意“农产品”可知，应填名词produce，作宾语。故选H。
66．考查名词。句意：这种态度歪曲了园艺的最终吸引力：它把产品当成了目的。根据“it mistakes the product for the purpose.”以及句意“吸引力”可知，应填名词appeal，作宾语。故选B。
67．考查名词。句意：另一方面，一个花园，尤其是在年富日裕的时候，除了让人沮丧之外，也可能一无所获。根据“can also yield little but”以及句意“沮丧”可知，应填名词frustration，作宾语，不可数。故选G。
68．考查形容词。句意：即使是专业的园丁也会因为不合作的天气而失去一个季节的收成。根据“lose a season’s harvest to”以及句意“不合作的”可知，应填形容词uncooperative，作定语，修饰名词weather。故选I。
69．考查名词。句意：园丁的记忆不是集中在生产出来的食物上，而是在漫长的夏日午后，如果花园在家里，他们会双手放在泥土里，与家人在一起，或者在社区花园中与朋友和邻居加深联系。根据“with friends and neighbors in a community garden”以及句意“联系”可知，应填名词association，作宾语。故选C。
70．考查副词。句意：打理花园就是用爱和耐心孜孜不倦地帮助生命在地上和上面茁壮成长。根据“help life flourish with love and patience, in the ground and above it”以及句意“孜孜不倦地”可知，应填副词diligently，修饰动词help。故选E。
（2023·上海松江·统考二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．abusive B．bounds C． descriptions D．dramatic E. emerges F. essentially G. fantastic H. promises I. settings J. trust K. unusually
Are You Scared of AI A recent Monmouth University survey has found that only 9 percent of Americans believe that computers with artificial intelligence will do more good than harm to society. When the same survey was conducted 35 years ago, about one in five said AI would benefit mankind. In other words, people have less complete 71 in AI now than they did dozens of years ago, when the technology was more science fiction than reality.
“It’s 72 that there is public doubt about AI. There absolutely should be,” said Meredith Broussard, an artificial intelligence researcher and professor at New York University. Most Americans 73 agree with Broussard that AI has a place in our lives, but not for everything.
When asked questions about 74 in which AI might be used, most people said it was a bad idea to use AI for military aircraft that try to distinguish between enemies and civilians. Some are worried about the 75 use of AI in policing, disturbing people’s privacy. Most respondents said it was a good idea for machines to perform risky jobs such as coal mining.
The term “AI” is a catch-all for everything. It can be the constant use of technology, such as our daily preference to autocomplete in web search queries (关键词). It can also be the software that 76 to predict crime before it happens. People afraid of AI may be influenced by 77 of evil computers from books and movies — like Skynet, the super-intelligent machines in “The Terminator” movies. Broussard said the ways AI can end up destroying your quality of life won’t be as 78 as murderous fictional computers.
Actually, the fear of AI 79 due to the fact that we just don’t know where AI is going and how soon it will take us to get there. Technology makes surprising and unusual leaps and 80 in ways we never think it will. Anyway, whether we like it or not, artificial intelligence is here to stay.
【答案】
71．J 72．G 73．F 74．I 75．A 76．H 77．C 78．D 79．E 80．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是人们对人工智能的最新认识以及产生对人工智能恐惧的原因。
71．考查名词。句意：换句话说，现在人们对人工智能的完全信任不如几十年前，当时这种技术更像是科幻小说而不是现实。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“信任”为trust，且空前有less修饰，所以此处为不可数名词。故选J项。
72．考查形容词。句意：“公众对人工智能存在怀疑，这是一件了不起的事情。绝对应该有，”纽约大学人工智能研究员、教授梅雷迪思·布鲁萨德（Meredith Broussard）说。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作表语，结合句意可知，表示“了不起的”应为fantastic。故选G项
73．考查副词。句意：大多数美国人基本上同意布鲁萨德的观点，即人工智能在我们的生活中占有一席之地，但并不是所有的事情都要人工智能。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语，修饰动词短语agree with，结合句意可知，此处表示“基本上”应为essentially。故选F项。
74．考查名词。句意：当被问及人工智能可能被使用的场景时，大多数人表示，在试图区分敌人和平民的军用飞机上使用人工智能是一个坏主意。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“场景”应为setting，且为可数名词，结合句意可知，人工是能使用的场景不只是一个，所以此处应用名词复数，所以填settings。故选I项。
75．考查形容词。句意：一些人担心在警务中滥用人工智能，侵犯人们的隐私。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名词，结合句意可知，此处表示“滥用的”应为abusive。故选A项。
76．考查动词。句意：它也可以是承诺在犯罪发生前预测犯罪的软件。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“承诺”为promise，根据从句中的谓语动词happens可知，此处使用一般现在时态，句子主语“the software”为第三人称单数，且与promise之间为主动关系，所以此处应填promises。故选H项
77．考查名词。句意：人们对人工智能的恐惧可能是受到书籍和电影中对邪恶计算机的描述的影响，比如“终结者”电影中的超级智能机器“天网”。 分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“描述”为description，且此处表示的是“受到书籍和电影中对邪恶计算机的”描述，描述的内容不只是一点，所以此处应为复数形式为descriptions。故选C项。
78．考查形容词。句意：布鲁萨德表示，人工智能最终摧毁你生活质量的方式不会像凶残的虚构电脑那样引人注目。分析句子结构可知，此处为“as+形容词原级+as”结构，其中形容词作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示“引人注目的”为dramatic。故选D项。
79．考查动词。句意：事实上，对人工智能的恐惧之所以出现，是因为我们不知道人工智能的发展方向，也不知道我们多久能到达那里。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“出现”为emerge，根据从句的谓语动词don’t know并结合句意可知，此处描述的为客观事实，所以应使用一般现在时态，且句子主语the fear为第三人称单数，emerge为不及物动词，表示主动意义，所以应为emerges。故选E项。
80．考查名词。句意：科技以我们从未想过的方式实现了令人惊讶和不同寻常的飞跃。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，且与leaps并列，结合句意可知，此处表示“跳跃”为bound，为可数名词与leaps并列，所以此处应为复数形式。故选B项。
（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．absence B．double C． extended D．functions E. fund F. outpaced
G. prospects H. record I. shifted J. steady K. upward
Japan births fall to record low as population crisis deepensJapan saw 799,728 births in 2022, the lowest number on record. That number has nearly halved in the past 40 years; by contrast, Japan recorded more than 1.5 million births in 1982. Japan also reported a (n) 81 high for post-war deaths last year, at more than 1.58 million. Deaths have 82 births in Japan for more than a decade, posing a growing problem for leaders of the world’s third-largest economy. They now face a ballooning elderly population, along with a shrinking workforce to 83 pensions and health care as demand from the aging population increased.
Japan’ population has been in 84 decline since its economic boom of the 1980s and stood at 125.5 million in 2021. Its death rate of 1.3 is far below the rate of 2.1 required to maintain a stable population, in the 85 of immigration.
The country also has one of the highest life expectancies in the world ; in 2020, nearly one in 1,500 people in Japan were aged 100 or older. These concerning trends resulted in a warning from Prime minister that Japan is “on the edge of not being able to maintain social 86 ” and Japan “simply cannot wait any longer” in solving the problem of its low birth rate. A new government agency will be set up to focus on the issue, with Prime Minister saying that he wants the government to 87 its spending on child-related programs.
But money alone might not be able to solve the complex problem, with various social factors contributing to the low birth rate. Japan’s high cost of living, limited space and lack of child care support in cities make it difficult to raise children, meaning fewer couples are having kids. Urban couples are also often far from 88 family in other regions, who could help provide support. In 2022, Japan was ranked one of the world’s most expensive places to raise a child. And yet, the country’s economy has slowed down since the early 1990s, meaning frustratingly low ages and little 89 mobility.
The average real annual household income declined from $50,600 in 1995 to $43, 300 in 2020. Attitude toward marriage and starting families have also 90 in recent years, with more couples putting off both during the pandemic.
【答案】
81．H 82．F 83．E 84．J 85．A 86．D 87．B 88．C 89．K 90．I
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着人口危机的加深，日本的出生率降至历史最低。文章说明了出生率低，死亡率高对日本社会的影响。
81．考查名词。句意：日本还报告说，去年创下战后死亡人数记录历史新高，超过158万人。结合句意表示“记录”应填名词record，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填record。故选H。
82．考查动词。句意：10多年来，日本的死亡人数一直超过出生人数，给这个世界第三大经济体的领导人带来了一个日益严重的问题。结合句意表示“超过”应填动词outpace，作谓语，结合上文have可知为现在完成时。故填outpaced。故选F。
83．考查动词。句意：他们现在面临着不断膨胀的老年人口，随着老龄化人口需求的增加，为养老金和医疗保健提供资金的劳动力也在减少。结合句意表示“提供资金”应填动词fund，此处to为不定式符号，应填原形。故填fund。故选E。
84．考查形容词。句意：自20世纪80年代经济繁荣以来，日本人口一直在稳步下降，2021年为1.255亿。结合句意表示“稳步”应填形容词steady，作定语修饰decline。故填steady。故选J。
85．考查名词。句意：它的死亡率为1.3，远远低于在没有移民的情况下维持人口稳定所需的2.1。结合句意表示“没有，缺乏”应填名词absence，作宾语。故填absence。故选A。
86．考查名词。句意：这些令人担忧的趋势导致首相警告说，日本“处于无法维持社会功能的边缘”，日本在解决低出生率问题方面“不能再等待了”。结合句意表示“功能”应填名词function，前文没有冠词表示数量大于一应用复数。故填functions。故选D。
87．考查动词。句意：一个新的政府机构将被设立来关注这个问题，首相说他希望政府在儿童相关项目上的支出增加一倍。结合句意表示“翻倍”应填动词double，且为短语want…to do sth.。故填double。故选B。
88．考查形容词。句意：城市夫妇往往远离其他地区的大家庭，他们可以帮助提供支持。结合句意表示“大家庭”应填形容词extended，构成extended family。作定语。故填extended。故选C。
89．考查形容词。句意：然而，自20世纪90年代初以来，这个国家的经济已经放缓，这意味着令人沮丧的低年龄和几乎没有向上流动的机会。结合句意表示“向上”应填形容词upward，作定语。故填upward。故选K。
90．考查时态。句意：近年来，人们对婚姻和组建家庭的态度也发生了变化，越来越多的夫妇在疫情期间推迟了这两项计划。结合句意表示“变化”应填动词shift，结合上文have可知为现在完成时。故填shifted。故选I。
（2023·上海静安·统考二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．disadvantage B．notably C． energetic D．insufficient E. alternate F. evolved G. contribution H. periodic I. withdrawal J. coexist K. adjusted
The degree to which seasonal changes affect mood, energy, sleep, appetite, food preference, or the wish to socialize with other people has been called seasonality. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a condition where depressions in fall and winter 91 with non-depression periods in spring and summer, is the most marked form of seasonality.
The typical symptoms of 92 winter depression include lowered mood, social 93 , increased appetite and weight gain. Mild or no symptoms often occur in spring and summer. It is argued that such pattern of depression occurrence forms an adaptive mechanism which enhances the likelihood of reproductive success, most 94 for females, among populations living at temperate latitudes(纬度). Women are more likely to become pregnant in the summer and thus to give birth at a time of year when their babies have a higher chance of survival. Low chance of summer depression also indicates 95 individuals and promotes healthier pregnancies, which increase the survival chances of both mothers and babies. In the modern era, it is probable that repeated winter depression is becoming a reproductive 96 .
Several lines of evidence also suggest that genetic factors play an important role in the seasonality and SAD．Millions of years of evolution had 97 human biochemical systems for survival under equatorial(赤道的) environmental conditions. Modern humans began to move out of Africa only about 150,000 years ago. Little change in our ‘equatorial’systems might have been expected over this relatively short evolutionary span. And a genetic defenselessness against seasonal changes in mood and behavior is out of 98 adaptation to the new living conditions.
Today, more studies of SAD and seasonality are receiving considerable attention. Studies on relatives of patients with SAD also suggested a familial 99 to the development of SAD．Researchers are trying to find out whether SAD and seasonality are acquired at birth as a composite entity(实体) or whether the two are separate acquired traits that happen to 100 in certain individuals.
【答案】
91．E 92．H 93．I 94．B 95．C 96．A 97．K 98．D 99．G 100．J
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了季节性变化对情绪、能量、睡眠、食欲、食物偏好或与他人交往的愿望的影响程度被称为季节性。季节性情感障碍是一种秋季和冬季的抑郁期与春季和夏季的非抑郁期交替出现的状态，是最显著的季节性形式。说明了这一病症的特征以及影响。
91．考查动词。句意：季节性情感障碍（SAD）是一种秋季和冬季的抑郁期与春季和夏季的非抑郁期交替出现的状态，是最显著的季节性形式。结合句意表示“交替出现”可知应填动词alternate，为一般现在时，主语为depressions in fall and winter，谓语用原形。故填alternate。故选E。
92．考查形容词。句意：周期性冬季抑郁症的典型症状包括情绪低落、社交退缩、食欲增加和体重增加。结合句意表示“周期性”可知应填形容词periodic，作定语修饰winter。故填periodic。故选H。
93．考查名词。句意：周期性冬季抑郁症的典型症状包括情绪低落、社交退缩、食欲增加和体重增加。结合句意表示“退缩”可知应填名词withdrawal，作宾语，不可数。故填withdrawal。故选I。
94．考查副词。句意：有人认为，这种抑郁症的发生模式形成了一种适应机制，增强了生活在温带纬度地区的人口中生殖成功的可能性，尤其明显的是女性。结合句意表示“明显”可知应填副词notably，作状语。故填notably。故选B。
95．考查形容词。句意：夏季抑郁的几率低也表明精力充沛的人能促进怀孕健康，从而增加母亲和婴儿的生存机会。结合句意表示“精力充沛的”可知应填形容词energetic，作定语修饰名词individuals。故填energetic。故选C。
96．考查名词。句意：在现代，反复出现的冬季萧条很可能正在成为一种繁殖劣势。结合句意表示“劣势”可知应填名词disadvantage，作表语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填disadvantage。故选A。
97．考查动词。句意：经过数百万年的进化，人类的生化系统已经适应了赤道环境条件下的生存。结合句意表示“适应”可知应填动词adjust，结合had可知为过去完成时。故填adjusted。故选K。
98．考查形容词。句意：对情绪和行为的季节性变化的基因防御能力是由于对新生活条件的适应不足。结合句意表示“不足”可知应填形容词insufficient，作定语修饰名词adaptation。故填insufficient。故选D。
99．考查名词。句意：对SAD患者亲属的研究也表明，SAD的发生与家族有关。结合语境可知此处表示“促成”可知应填名词contribution，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填contribution。故选G。
100．考查动词。句意：研究人员正在试图找出SAD和季节性是作为一个复合实体在出生时获得的，还是两者是单独获得的，在某些个体中碰巧共存的特征。结合句意表示“共存”可知应填动词coexist，且为短语happen to do sth.。故填coexist。故选J。
（2023·上海长宁·统考二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．alternatives B．assess C． courageous D．demonstrate E. dynamic F. generates G. inconsiderately H. potential I. regulators J. significant K. unreservedly
Trust in your scientific instincts and never stop moving forwardI’ve studied biology, biochemistry, math, and computer science, and received my Ph.D．from Cambridge University. In 2008, when I learned Philip Morris International (PMI) was building a new laboratory to 101 the products that would form part of a smoke-free future, I said, “I’m in.”
Seeing the positive results from the first studies looking at the differences between cigarette smoke and aerosol (气溶胶) from our smoke-free nicotine (尼古丁) products was stimulating. There were so many positive findings, and yet we were still in the building phase. What would happen next We had to tell ourselves to be 102 : Don’t worry, just look at the data.
Systems toxicology (系统毒理学) is an exciting and 103 field to work in. However, it 104 massive amounts of data, as it combines standard toxicology with new and diverse techniques to help give us a bigger and more detailed picture of how toxic substances affect the body. Working with such giant blocks of data is a challenge for all applications of systems toxicology, not just tobacco harm reduction. This is why we share our data and methods 105 . It is not only in our best interest to 106 openness to the world at large, but it’s also important to engage the global scientific community in order to always be moving the science forward.
The 107 public health impact of science-backed smoke-free products is considerable. And while these products are not risk-free and deliver nicotine—which is addictive—the breakthrough is 108 . And I feel an enormous sense of accomplishment with what we’ve achieved so far.
Of course, we still have important work to do. We will continue to provide information to 109 , scientists, public health organizations, and policymakers about the potential of smoke-free products. We will continue to share our science. And we will continue working to deliver smoke-free 110 for the world’s adult smokers who don’t quit tobacco and nicotine altogether. But this is a marathon, and we’re in this for the long term.
【答案】
101．B 102．C 103．E 104．F 105．K 106．D 107．H 108．J 109．I 110．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述作者加入菲利普·莫里斯国际公司参与研究根无烟社会相关的产品的经历。
101．考查动词。句意：2008年，当我得知菲利普·莫里斯国际公司（PMI）正在建造一个新的实验室，以评估将成为无烟未来一部分的产品时，我说：“算我一个。”分析句意可知，使用动词assess“评估”与不定式标志to构成目的状语，符合语境。故选B项。
102．考查形容词。句意：我们必须告诉自己要勇敢：别担心，看看数据。分析句意可知，使用形容词courageous“勇敢的”作be动词的表语，符合语境。故选C项。
103．考查形容词。句意：系统毒理学是一个令人兴奋和充满活力的领域。分析句意可知，使用形容词dynamic“充满活力的”作is的表语，符合语境。故选E项。
104．考查动词。句意：然而，它产生了大量的数据，因为它将标准毒理学与新的多样化技术相结合，有助于我们更大、更详细地了解有毒物质如何影响身体。分析句意可知，使用动词generate“生产”做谓语动词，符合语境，因为主语是it，故使用第三人称单数。故选F项。
105．考查副词。句意：这就是为什么我们毫无保留地分享我们的数据和方法。分析句意可知，使用副词unreservedly“未保留地”作状语修饰动词share“分享”，符合语境。故选K项。
106．考查动词。句意：向全世界展示开放不仅符合我们的最大利益，而且让全球科学界参与进来也很重要，以便始终推动科学向前发展。分析句意可知，使用动词demonstrate“展示”与不定式标志to构成的短语作真正主语，符合语境。故选D项。
107．考查形容词。句意：科学支持的无烟产品对公众健康的潜在影响是巨大的。分析句意可知，使用形容词potential“潜在的”作定语修饰主语public health impact impact“公众健康影响”，符合语境。故选H项。
108．考查形容词。句意：虽然这些产品并非没有风险，而且会产生令人上瘾的尼古丁，但这一突破意义重大。分析句意可知，使用形容词significant“重大的”作is的表语，符合语境。故选J项。
109．考查名词。句意：我们将继续向监管机构、科学家、公共卫生组织和政策制定者提供有关无烟产品潜力的信息。分析句意可知，使用名词regulator“监管机构，监管者”作介词to的宾语，符合语境，因为该词为可数名词，前无冠词或者量词表示单数，故使用复数形式。故选I项。
110．考查名词。句意：我们将继续努力为世界上不完全戒烟和尼古丁的成年吸烟者递送无烟替代品。分析句意可知，使用名词alternative“替代品”作动词deliver“递送”的宾语，符合语境，因为该词为可数名词，前无冠词或者量词表示单数，故使用复数形式。故选A项。
（2024·上海长宁·统考一模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．objected B．choices C． inequality D．combination E. paid F. respond G. personality H. fade I. reduce J. inherited K. environmental
What makes us happy You probably know the type of personality in some people: they seem to be hopeful in almost everything. Are they simply born happy Is it the product of their environment Or does it come from their life decisions
If you are familiar with genetics research, you will have guessed that it is a 111 of all three. A 2018 study of 1516 Norwegian twins suggests that around 30% of the differences in people’s life satisfaction is 112 . Much of this seems to be related to personality traits.
To put this in context, the heritability of IQ is thought to be around 80%, so 113 factors clearly play a role in our happiness. These include our physical health, the size and strength of our social network, job opportunities and income. It seems that the absolute value of our salary matters less than whether we feel richer than those around us, which may explain why the level of 114 predicts happiness better than GDP.
Interestingly, many important life 115 have only a little influence on our happiness. Consider marriage. A 2019 study found that, on average, life satisfaction does rise after the wedding, but the feeling of happiness tends to 116 over middle age.
Parenthood is even more complex. For decades, social scientists have found that people with children at home are significantly less happy than those without. More recent research, however, suggests that there are important regional differences.
Analyses show that these differences can be almost completely explained by variations in 117 parental leave, flexible working hours, affordable childcare and holiday leave, which together 118 the potential for work-family conflict. The effects of these policies may play out across generations. In addition to the legacy of their genes, parents’ own emotional well-being will influence the family vigour, which will, in turn, shape the 119 of their children.
Our life satisfaction, then, is shaped by our genes, health, economic prospects, relationships and the culture around us. While many of these things may be beyond your control, there is now good evidence that certain psychological strategies will help you to 120 to your circumstances in the happiest way possible.
【答案】
111．D 112．J 113．K 114．C 115．B 116．H 117．E 118．I 119．G 120．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。人类的幸福感受到基因、环境和人生决定的共同影响，其中的影响比例又各有不同，文章对此进行了介绍。
111．考查名词。句意：如果你熟悉遗传学研究，你会猜到这是三者的结合。根据前文“Are they simply born happy Is it the product of their environment Or does it come from their life decisions (他们只是天生幸福吗？是环境的产物吗？还是来自他们的人生决定？)”可知，此处是指这是三者的结合，所以应用名词combination表示“组合”。故选D。
112．考查过去分词。句意：2018年对1516对挪威双胞胎进行的一项研究表明，人们生活满意度的差异中约有30%是遗传的。根据后文“To put this in context, the heritability of IQ is thought to be around 80%(在此背景下，智商的遗传性被认为在80%左右)”可知，此处是指人们生活满意度的差异中约有30%是遗传的，所以应用过去分词inherited表示“遗传的”。故选J。
113．考查形容词。句意：在此背景下，智商的遗传率被认为在80%左右，所以环境因素显然在我们的幸福中起着作用。根据后文“These include our physical health, the size and strength of our social network, job opportunities and income.(这些因素包括我们的身体健康、社交网络的规模和强度、工作机会和收入。)”可知，此处是指环境因素。所以应用形容词environmental表示“环境的”。故选K。
114．考查名词。句意：我们薪水的绝对值似乎不如我们是否觉得自己比周围的人更富有重要，这或许可以解释为什么不平等程度比GDP更能预测幸福。根据“the absolute value of our salary matters less than whether we feel richer than those around us”可知，此处是指不平等程度比GDP更能预测幸福，所以应用名词inequality表示“不平等”。故选C。
115．考查名词。句意：有趣的是，许多重要的生活选择对我们的幸福只有很小的影响。根据后文“Consider marriage.(看看婚姻。)”可知，此处是指许多重要的生活选择。所以应用名词choices表示“选择”。故选B。
116．考查动词。句意：2019年的一项研究发现，平均而言，结婚后生活满意度确实会上升，但幸福感往往会在中年后消退。根据转折词but可知，此处是指幸福感往往会在中年后消退，所以应用动词fade表示“消退”。故选H。
117．考查形容词。句意：分析表明，这些差异几乎完全可以用带薪育儿假、灵活的工作时间、负担得起的儿童保育和假期等方面的差异来解释，这些因素共同减少了工作与家庭冲突的可能性。根据“parental leave, flexible working hours, affordable childcare and holiday leave”可知，此处是指带薪育儿假，所以应用形容词paid表示“有报酬的，领取薪金的”。故选E。
118．考查动词。句意：分析表明，这些差异几乎完全可以用带薪育儿假、灵活的工作时间、负担得起的儿童保育和假期等方面的差异来解释，这些因素共同减少了工作与家庭冲突的可能性。根据“paid parental leave, flexible working hours, affordable childcare and holiday leave”可知，此处是指这些因素共同减少了工作与家庭冲突的可能性，所以应用动词reduce表示“减少”。故选I。
119．考查名词。句意：除了遗传基因外，父母自身的情感健康也会影响家庭活力，而家庭活力反过来又会塑造孩子的个性。根据“parents’ own emotional well-being will influence the family vigour, which will, in turn, shape”可知，此处是指家庭活力反过来又会塑造孩子的个性，所以应用名词personality表示“个性”。故选G。
120．考查动词。句意：虽然其中许多事情可能是你无法控制的，但现在有充分的证据表明，某些心理策略可以帮助你以尽可能快乐的方式应对你的环境。根据“to your circumstances in the happiest way possible”可知，此处是指以尽可能快乐的方式应对你的环境，所以应用动词respond表示“应对”。故选F。
（2023上·上海·高三同济大学第一附属中学校考阶段练习）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．assigned B．attractive C． bridge D．cooperating E. exposed F. possessions G. requests H. screen I. socializing J. unappealing K. virtual
The office used to be a place people went because they had to. Meetings happened in conference rooms and in person. Desks took up most of the space. The kingdom of Dilbert and of David Brent is now under threat. The pandemic has 121 the office to competition from remote working, and brought up questions about how it should be designed in the future.
Start with what the office is for. In the past it was a place for employees to get their work done, whatever form that took. Now other conceptions of its role strive for attention. Some think of the office as the new offsite (异地活动) . Its purpose is to get people together in person so they can do the things that remote working makes harder: establishing deeper relationships or 122 in real time on specific projects. Others talk of the office as a destination, a place that has to make the idea of getting out of bed earlier, in order to socialize with people who may have covid-19, seem 123 .
In other words, a layout that is largely devoted to people working at desks alongside the same colleagues each day all feels very 2019. With fewer people coming in and more emphasis on cooperation, fewer desks will be 124 to individuals. Instead, there will be more shared areas, where people in a team can work together flexible. More hot-desking (轮用办公桌) will also necessitate storage space for personal 125 : lockers may soon be back in your life.
To 126 gaps between teams, one strategy is to set aside more of the office to present the work of each department. Another option is to provide everyone with drink. Expect more space to be set aside for 127 and events. Bars in offices are apparently going to be a thing. Robin Avia of Gensler, an architecture firm, says she is seeing lots of 128 for places, like large auditoriums, where a company's clients can have “experiences”.
Designs for the post-covid office must also allow for hybrid work. Meetings have to work for 129 participants as well as for in-person contributors; cameras, screens and microphones will multiply. Gensler's New York offices feature mini-meeting rooms that have a monitor and a half-table sticking out from the wall below it, with seating for 4 or 5 people arranged to face the 130 , not each other.
【答案】
121．E 122．D 123．B 124．A 125．F 126．C 127．I 128．G 129．K 130．H
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了疫情导致的办公室布置和格局的变化。
121．考查动词。句意：疫情使办公室面临远程办公的竞争，并提出了未来如何设计办公室的问题。结合下文的介词to可知，此处构成固定搭配expose sth. to...意思为“将某物暴露于”，故用过去分词exposed，与前面的has构成现在完成时。故选E。
122．考查动词。句意：它的目的是让人们聚在一起，这样他们就可以完成远程工作变得更加困难的事情；建立更深层次的关系或在特定项目上进行实时合作。结合上文“get people together in person (让人们聚在一起)”可知，在办公室人们可以聚到一起，目的之一是进行实时合作。故该空处意思为“合作”，故用cooperating，与or前面的establishing构成选择关系。故选D。
123．考查形容词。句意：其他人则将办公室视为一个目的地，一个必须让人们早点起床，以便与可能患有新冠肺炎的人交往的地方，这似乎很有吸引力。结合上文“seem”和句子意思可知，该空处意思为“有吸引力的”，故用形容词attractive，作表语。故选B。
124．考查动词。句意：随着进来的人越来越少，越来越强调合作，分配给个人的办公桌将越来越少。结合下文“Instead, there will be more shared areas, where people in a team can work together flexible. More hot-desking will also necessitate storage space for personal possessions (相反，将会有更多的共享区域，团队中的人们可以灵活地在一起工作。更多的办公桌轮换制也将需要储存个人物品的空间)”可知，分配给个人的办公桌将越来越少，故该空处意思为“分配”，且主语fewer desks与动词assign为被动关系，故用过去分词assigned，will be assigned，为一般将来时的被动语态。故选A。
125．考查名词。句意：更多的办公桌轮换制也将需要储存个人物品的空间：储物柜可能很快就会回到你的生活中。结合上文的“necessitate storage space (需要存储空间)”和下文“lockers may soon be back in your life (储物柜可能很快就会回到你的生活中)”可知，该空处意思为“个人财产”，故用名词possession，用作“个人财产”之意时通常用复数形式possessions，作介词for的宾语。故选F。
126．考查动词。句意：为了消除团队之间的差距，一种策略是留出更多的办公室来展示每个部门的工作。结合上文“gaps between teams(团队之间的差距)”可知，该空处意思为“消除”，故用动词bridge，to bridge gaps between teams作目的状语。故选C。
127．考查名词。句意：预计会有更多的空间留给社交和活动。结合下文“Bars in offices are apparently going to be a thing. (办公室里的酒吧显然将成为一种风尚。)”可知，办公室里的酒吧是让人社交的地方，故该空处意思为“社交”，故用名词socializing，作介词for的宾语。故选I。
128．考查名词。句意：一家名为Gensler的建筑公司的Robin Avia说，她看到了很多对场地的需求，比如大型礼堂，公司的客户可以在那里“体验”。结合下文“like large auditoriums, where a company’s clients can have “experiences ”. (比如大型礼堂，公司的客户可以在那里“体验”。)”可知，空后举例说明了对新用途的空间的需求，故该空处意思为“需求”，且用于lots of后，故用可数名词复数requests，作宾语。故选G。
129．考查形容词。句意：会议必须既适用于虚拟参与者，也适用于现场贡献者；摄像头、屏幕和麦克风将成倍增加。结合下文“as well as for in-person contributors ( 以及现场贡献者)”可知，会议必须既适用于虚拟参与者，也适用于现场贡献者，故该空处意思为“虚拟的”，故用形容词virtual，作定语，修饰后面的名词participants。故选K。
130．考查名词。句意：Gensler在纽约的办公室有一个迷你会议室，里面有一个显示器和一张半张桌子，桌子下面的墙伸出来，座位可以容纳4到5人，他们面对着屏幕，而不是彼此。结合上文“have a monitor (有一个显示器)”和下文“not each other (而不是彼此)”可知，会议室有显示器，故开会的人会面对屏幕，故该空处意思为“屏幕”，故用名词screen ，结合前面的a monitor可知，screen也用单数形式。故选H。
（2023上·上海浦东新·高三统考期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．accounts B．credibility C． declaring D．filtered E. pays F. p进阶练01 选词填空（十一选十）新题速递15篇
一、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．manually B．alternative C． approaches D．trained E. promise F. sorting G. categories H. advanced I. potentially J. equivalent K. anticipating
Will AI be the first to discover ET or alien life From the hills of West Virginia to the flats of rural Australia, some of the world’s largest telescopes are listening for signals from distant alien civilizations. The search for extraterrestrial(地球外的) intelligence, known as SETI, is an effort to find signals that might have come from a(n) 1 civilization in a far-away solar system. Machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), is used to help astronomers quickly filter the vast amounts of data. As AI reshapes many scientific fields, what 2 does it hold for the search for life beyond Earth
“It is a new era for SETI research that is opening up thanks to machine-learning technology,” says Franck Marchis, a planetary astronomer at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California. When it comes to analyzing data, going through millions of observations 3 isn’t practical. A common 4 method is to use algorithms(算法) that look for signals matching astronomers’ expectation. But those algorithms can overlook 5 interesting signals that are slightly different from what astronomers are expecting.
When it comes to AI, machine-learning algorithms are 6 on large amounts of data and can learn to recognize the Earthly interference. Thus, it makes them very good at 7 out the noise. Machine learning is also good at picking up the extraterrestrial signals that don’t fall into conventional 8 and so might have been missed by earlier methods, says Dan Werthimer, a SETI scientist at the University of California, Berkeley. Peter Ma, a mathematician and physicist at the University of Toronto, Canada, agrees. “We can’t always be 9 what ET might send to us,” he says.
Still, SETI will probably continue to use a mixture of classical and machine-learning 10 to screen through data, says Jean-Luc Margot, an astronomer at UCLA．Classical algorithms remain excellent at picking up candidate signals, and machine learning is “not a cure-all”, he says. “The machines can’t do it all, yet,” agrees Werthimer.
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．heading B．incredibly C． adaptable D．alternative E. pursuit F. dumped G. recycled H. global I. calculated J. precisely K. generated
Planet Plastic
Here’s a shocking statistic. Scientists have calculated the total amount of plastic ever made: 8.3 billion tonnes. Looked at another way, that’s as heavy as 25,000 Empire State Buildings or one billion elephants. And 11 , almost all of it has been made in the last 65 years.
So what’s the problem Much plastic is in the form of packaging which is used just once and then thrown away. According to a major new study from the University of California, 9% of this is 12 , 12% is burned and 79% goes to landfill. And because most plastic doesn’t biodegrade (生物降解), once it’s in the ground, it stays there.
It’s a situation that has led the paper’s lead author, ecologist Dr. Roland Geyer, to say that we are “rapidly 13 towards ‘Planet Plastic’”. He believes that there’s already enough waste out there to cover the whole of Argentina.
The team behind this report also estimate that eight million tonnes of plastic waste are 14 into the sea every year. This has 15 concern that plastic is entering the food chain through fish and other sea life which consume the smaller pieces.
Of course, the reason why there’s so much plastic around is that it’s an amazingly useful material. We can’t get enough of it. It’s durable and 16 , and is used for everything from yoghurt pots to spaceships. But it’s 17 this quality that makes it a problem. The only way to destroy plastic is to heat or burn it — although this has the side effect of harmful emissions.
So what’s the 18 other than using less plastic Oceanographer (海洋学家) Dr. Erik van Sebille from Utrecht University says we’re facing a flood of plastic waste, and that the 19 waste industry needs to “get its act together”.
Professor Richard Thompson, a marine biologist from Plymouth University, says it’s poor design that is at fault. He says that if products are currently designed “with recyclability in mind”, they could be recycled around 20 times over.
Dr. Geyer agrees: “The 20 of recycling is to keep material in use and in the cycle forever if you can. But it turns out in our study that actually 90% of that material that did get recycled — which I think we calculated was 600 million tonnes — only got recycled once.”
（2023上·上海·高三上海南汇中学校考阶段练习）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．capable B．controllable C． faint D．ideal E. landscape F. outpacing G. perceive H. physical I. promise J. scrub K. supporting
You’ll Never Be Truly AloneIn the decades to come, a large number of home robots could make today’s appliances seem interesting. The market for consumer and office robots is expected to develop quickly in the next three years, according to a 2015 report by Business Insider Intelligence, being greater than $1.5 billion and far 21 the growth of robots in manufacturing.
We already have robots that clean the house, like the Roomba, but in the future we’ll also have robot arms that can 22 surfaces and bathe people, says Christopher Atkeson, a roboticist at Carnegie Mellon, whose lab has produced such machines. Eventually, robots will fold laundry and cook meals. And if they work well, you won’t even notice them. The key to effective robots is ”being 23 of predicting what people will do,“ says Julie Shah, the head of the Interactive Robotics Group at MIT. ”The idea is either 24 people or staying out of their way.“
That said, some people may want a robot that hangs around. In Japan, a friendly humanoid robot called Pepper that can 25 and respond to human emotion has proved enormously popular since it went on sale two years ago. Pepper might turn out to be the 26 roommate- helpful, kind, and always up for hanging out, but never in the way.
Perhaps the already 27 line between online and offline life will disappear, and human relationships with intelligent machines will represent a new extension of our social 28 . Your in-hour robot could serve as an avatar(化身)for friends and family, 29 from afar so that, with the help of robotic arms and legs, you could dance with or hug a loved one who is halfway around the planet. The real 30 of - or problem with - the house of the future, then, might be that you’ll never have to leave it. However, what the future house will be like still remains to be seen.
（2023上·上海·高三上海市回民中学校考期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．agreement B．borders C． objective D． initiated E. existing F. barely G. stimulated H. dramatically I. migratory J. cooperation K. frequent
Glacier National Park in Montana shares boundaries with Canada, an American Indian reservation, and a national forest. Along the North Fork of the Flathead River, the park also 31 about 17,000 acres of private lands that are currently used for ranching, timber, and agriculture. This land is an important part of the habitat and 32 routes for several endangered species that 33 the park. These private lands are essentially the only ones available for development in the region.
With encouragement from the park, local landowners 34 a land use planning effort to guide the future of the North Fork. The park is a partner in an inter local 35 that calls for resource managing agencies to work together and with the more than 400 private owners in the area. A draft plan has been prepared, with 36 of maintaining traditional economic uses but limiting new development that would damage park resources. Voluntary action by landowners, in 37 with the park and the county, is helping to restrict small lot subdivisions, maintain wildlife corridors, and minimize any harmful impact on the environment.
The willingness of local landowners to participate in this protection effort may have been 38 by concerns that congress would impose a legislative solution. Nevertheless, many local residents want to retain the 39 character of the area. Meetings between park officials and landowners have led to a 40 improved understanding of all concerns.
（2023上·上海·高三上海中学校考期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．feature B．rejections C． indescribable D．drawing E. noted F. lives G. hit H. intentional I. resolved J. setting K. band
Jack London: A Fascinating CharacterWhen one mentions Jack London, the most common contemporary references that pop to mind are The Call of the Wild and White Fang. However, upon a closer look at the author, the true depth of how varied and interesting his life and works were can really be 41 .
London is considered America’s best author by many. Most successful and at ease writing short stories, he was also the first author to become genuinely wealthy during his lifetime from selling his work. However, this did not happen overnight: in fact, London received 600 42 before his first story was published for a spread out payment of $5.
During his 40 years, London seemed to have lived 1000 43 . By the age of 18, he had already worked as a coal miner, worked on sealing ships and can factories, and been in a(n) 44 of beggars. At 17, he went to jail in Buffalo, NY for 30 days due to the latter, an experience which proved to be one that even the productive writer himself called 45 .
When he did return to his formal education, he completed high school and then attended UC Berkley, which had been a major dream for him. However, he stopped after just one semester as he ran out of money and carried on to 46 the Klondike Gold Rush with his brother-in-law. That would later be the 47 for some of his most famous works. It was also in the Yukon that London became very ill and began writing. When he returned home, he 48 to become a commercially successful writer and began to write 1000 words daily. He wrote of adventure, politics, humanity, survival, often 49 from a large number of him personal experiences.
London died at the age of 40, from a drug overdose. It is not known whether it was 50 or not, as he made many references to suicide throughout his works.
（2023上·上海·高三上海交大附中校考期中）Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．celebrate B．overlooked C． circumstances D．cast E. incredibly F. factors G. unspoken H. swim I. strongly J. normal K. assume
Self-Silencing Is Making Women SickIn the late 1980s, Harvard-trained psychologist Dana Jack identified a recurring theme among female patients suffering from depression: a tendency to self-silence, defined as “the tendency to engage in uncontrollable caretaking, pleasing the other, and restriction of self-expression in relationships in an attempt to achieve intimacy and meet relational needs.” He found that this learned behavior, 51 rooted in gender norms, was linked to an increased risk of depression.
Since then, considerable evidence has revealed that female self-silencing isn’t just tied to psychological issues like depression and eating disorders, but also to physical illness. Most worryingly, it has also been linked to higher risk of premature death. This was true even when 52 such as age, blood pressure, and smoking were taken into account.
When women push their feelings down and 53 their needs aside, their health suffers. But it can be difficult for women to do otherwise in cultures that 54 these self-silencing practices. Moms are praised for being painstakingly selfless to the point of self-sacrifice. These 55 standards establish a vicious (恶性的) cycle. For many women, it feels easier—beneficial, even—to silence their needs at the expense of their own health, rather than 56 against the prevailing cultural current.
In his best-selling book, The Myth of Normal, physician and author Gabor Mate writes that many of our society’s most “normalized ways of being” are, in fact, 57 toxic. “That ‘not listening to self’ in order to prioritize others’ needs is a significant source of the health-impairing roles women 58 ,” Mate explains. “It is among the medically 59 but extremely harmful ways in which our society’s ‘normal’ imposes a major health cost on women.”
To reshape the virtues of womanhood, a new “ 60 ” needs to emerge—one in which we honor our emotions, prioritize our needs, and actively communicate our boundaries. Such a shift requires change on both the individual and societal level, and will by no means be easy. But it’s certainly worth it—after all, women’s lives depend on it.
（2023上·上海·高三上海市建平中学校考期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．advance B．appeal C． association D．differs E. diligently F. entirely G. frustration H. produce I. uncooperative J. vague K. worthy
The garden pathImagine a plate holding two strawberries, identical in appearance. One came out of a supermarket box. By the time it reached the plate it may have been off the vine for two weeks. The other strawberry was picked from a garden minutes before being eaten.
The first one will probably taste like a slightly sour cucumber, with a(n) 61 hint of berry taste. The second is likely to be sweet and floral. Supermarket strawberries are not 62 without advantages: they are convenient and available in the northern hemisphere in February. But the two berries are distinct from each other in the same way that hearing music in a concert hall 63 from listening to it on a worn-out cassette. The home-grown fruit is an edible case for cultivating a home garden.
Those who long dismissed gardening as a waste of time 64 this argument with great passion. They think a garden can yield peas that taste like the vibrant, green essence of spring; tomatoes and carrots of incomparable sweetness; and lettuces and herbs that taste like themselves rather than the plastic they are usually packaged in. Growing your own vegetables, exotic or routine, ensures a reliable supply, offering quality seasonal 65 .
That attitude misrepresents the ultimate 66 of gardening: it mistakes the product for the purpose. On the other hand, a garden, especially in the easy years, can also yield little but 67 . Novice gardeners may plant the wrong crops for their soil. And even expert gardeners can lose a season’s harvest to 68 weather.
No matter. The real joy of gardening is the time spent doing it. The deepest pleasure — as with cooking writing, bringing up children or almost anything worthwhile - is in the work itself. A gardener’s memories center not on the food produced, but on long summer afternoons with hands in the dirt, surrounded by family, if the garden is at home, or deepening 69 with friends and neighbors in a community garden. To garden is to 70 help life flourish with love and patience, in the ground and above it.
（2023·上海松江·统考二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．abusive B．bounds C． descriptions D．dramatic E. emerges F. essentially G. fantastic H. promises I. settings J. trust K. unusually
Are You Scared of AI A recent Monmouth University survey has found that only 9 percent of Americans believe that computers with artificial intelligence will do more good than harm to society. When the same survey was conducted 35 years ago, about one in five said AI would benefit mankind. In other words, people have less complete 71 in AI now than they did dozens of years ago, when the technology was more science fiction than reality.
“It’s 72 that there is public doubt about AI. There absolutely should be,” said Meredith Broussard, an artificial intelligence researcher and professor at New York University. Most Americans 73 agree with Broussard that AI has a place in our lives, but not for everything.
When asked questions about 74 in which AI might be used, most people said it was a bad idea to use AI for military aircraft that try to distinguish between enemies and civilians. Some are worried about the 75 use of AI in policing, disturbing people’s privacy. Most respondents said it was a good idea for machines to perform risky jobs such as coal mining.
The term “AI” is a catch-all for everything. It can be the constant use of technology, such as our daily preference to autocomplete in web search queries (关键词). It can also be the software that 76 to predict crime before it happens. People afraid of AI may be influenced by 77 of evil computers from books and movies — like Skynet, the super-intelligent machines in “The Terminator” movies. Broussard said the ways AI can end up destroying your quality of life won’t be as 78 as murderous fictional computers.
Actually, the fear of AI 79 due to the fact that we just don’t know where AI is going and how soon it will take us to get there. Technology makes surprising and unusual leaps and 80 in ways we never think it will. Anyway, whether we like it or not, artificial intelligence is here to stay.
（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．absence B．double C． extended D．functions E. fund F. outpaced
G. prospects H. record I. shifted J. steady K. upward
Japan births fall to record low as population crisis deepensJapan saw 799,728 births in 2022, the lowest number on record. That number has nearly halved in the past 40 years; by contrast, Japan recorded more than 1.5 million births in 1982. Japan also reported a (n) 81 high for post-war deaths last year, at more than 1.58 million. Deaths have 82 births in Japan for more than a decade, posing a growing problem for leaders of the world’s third-largest economy. They now face a ballooning elderly population, along with a shrinking workforce to 83 pensions and health care as demand from the aging population increased.
Japan’ population has been in 84 decline since its economic boom of the 1980s and stood at 125.5 million in 2021. Its death rate of 1.3 is far below the rate of 2.1 required to maintain a stable population, in the 85 of immigration.
The country also has one of the highest life expectancies in the world ; in 2020, nearly one in 1,500 people in Japan were aged 100 or older. These concerning trends resulted in a warning from Prime minister that Japan is “on the edge of not being able to maintain social 86 ” and Japan “simply cannot wait any longer” in solving the problem of its low birth rate. A new government agency will be set up to focus on the issue, with Prime Minister saying that he wants the government to 87 its spending on child-related programs.
But money alone might not be able to solve the complex problem, with various social factors contributing to the low birth rate. Japan’s high cost of living, limited space and lack of child care support in cities make it difficult to raise children, meaning fewer couples are having kids. Urban couples are also often far from 88 family in other regions, who could help provide support. In 2022, Japan was ranked one of the world’s most expensive places to raise a child. And yet, the country’s economy has slowed down since the early 1990s, meaning frustratingly low ages and little 89 mobility.
The average real annual household income declined from $50,600 in 1995 to $43, 300 in 2020. Attitude toward marriage and starting families have also 90 in recent years, with more couples putting off both during the pandemic.
（2023·上海静安·统考二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．disadvantage B．notably C． energetic D．insufficient E. alternate F. evolved G. contribution H. periodic I. withdrawal J. coexist K. adjusted
The degree to which seasonal changes affect mood, energy, sleep, appetite, food preference, or the wish to socialize with other people has been called seasonality. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a condition where depressions in fall and winter 91 with non-depression periods in spring and summer, is the most marked form of seasonality.
The typical symptoms of 92 winter depression include lowered mood, social 93 , increased appetite and weight gain. Mild or no symptoms often occur in spring and summer. It is argued that such pattern of depression occurrence forms an adaptive mechanism which enhances the likelihood of reproductive success, most 94 for females, among populations living at temperate latitudes(纬度). Women are more likely to become pregnant in the summer and thus to give birth at a time of year when their babies have a higher chance of survival. Low chance of summer depression also indicates 95 individuals and promotes healthier pregnancies, which increase the survival chances of both mothers and babies. In the modern era, it is probable that repeated winter depression is becoming a reproductive 96 .
Several lines of evidence also suggest that genetic factors play an important role in the seasonality and SAD．Millions of years of evolution had 97 human biochemical systems for survival under equatorial(赤道的) environmental conditions. Modern humans began to move out of Africa only about 150,000 years ago. Little change in our ‘equatorial’systems might have been expected over this relatively short evolutionary span. And a genetic defenselessness against seasonal changes in mood and behavior is out of 98 adaptation to the new living conditions.
Today, more studies of SAD and seasonality are receiving considerable attention. Studies on relatives of patients with SAD also suggested a familial 99 to the development of SAD．Researchers are trying to find out whether SAD and seasonality are acquired at birth as a composite entity(实体) or whether the two are separate acquired traits that happen to 100 in certain individuals.
（2023·上海长宁·统考二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．alternatives B．assess C． courageous D．demonstrate E. dynamic F. generates G. inconsiderately H. potential I. regulators J. significant K. unreservedly
Trust in your scientific instincts and never stop moving forwardI’ve studied biology, biochemistry, math, and computer science, and received my Ph.D．from Cambridge University. In 2008, when I learned Philip Morris International (PMI) was building a new laboratory to 101 the products that would form part of a smoke-free future, I said, “I’m in.”
Seeing the positive results from the first studies looking at the differences between cigarette smoke and aerosol (气溶胶) from our smoke-free nicotine (尼古丁) products was stimulating. There were so many positive findings, and yet we were still in the building phase. What would happen next We had to tell ourselves to be 102 : Don’t worry, just look at the data.
Systems toxicology (系统毒理学) is an exciting and 103 field to work in. However, it 104 massive amounts of data, as it combines standard toxicology with new and diverse techniques to help give us a bigger and more detailed picture of how toxic substances affect the body. Working with such giant blocks of data is a challenge for all applications of systems toxicology, not just tobacco harm reduction. This is why we share our data and methods 105 . It is not only in our best interest to 106 openness to the world at large, but it’s also important to engage the global scientific community in order to always be moving the science forward.
The 107 public health impact of science-backed smoke-free products is considerable. And while these products are not risk-free and deliver nicotine—which is addictive—the breakthrough is 108 . And I feel an enormous sense of accomplishment with what we’ve achieved so far.
Of course, we still have important work to do. We will continue to provide information to 109 , scientists, public health organizations, and policymakers about the potential of smoke-free products. We will continue to share our science. And we will continue working to deliver smoke-free 110 for the world’s adult smokers who don’t quit tobacco and nicotine altogether. But this is a marathon, and we’re in this for the long term.
（2024·上海长宁·统考一模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．objected B．choices C． inequality D．combination E. paid F. respond G. personality H. fade I. reduce J. inherited K. environmental
What makes us happy You probably know the type of personality in some people: they seem to be hopeful in almost everything. Are they simply born happy Is it the product of their environment Or does it come from their life decisions
If you are familiar with genetics research, you will have guessed that it is a 111 of all three. A 2018 study of 1516 Norwegian twins suggests that around 30% of the differences in people’s life satisfaction is 112 . Much of this seems to be related to personality traits.
To put this in context, the heritability of IQ is thought to be around 80%, so 113 factors clearly play a role in our happiness. These include our physical health, the size and strength of our social network, job opportunities and income. It seems that the absolute value of our salary matters less than whether we feel richer than those around us, which may explain why the level of 114 predicts happiness better than GDP.
Interestingly, many important life 115 have only a little influence on our happiness. Consider marriage. A 2019 study found that, on average, life satisfaction does rise after the wedding, but the feeling of happiness tends to 116 over middle age.
Parenthood is even more complex. For decades, social scientists have found that people with children at home are significantly less happy than those without. More recent research, however, suggests that there are important regional differences.
Analyses show that these differences can be almost completely explained by variations in 117 parental leave, flexible working hours, affordable childcare and holiday leave, which together 118 the potential for work-family conflict. The effects of these policies may play out across generations. In addition to the legacy of their genes, parents’ own emotional well-being will influence the family vigour, which will, in turn, shape the 119 of their children.
Our life satisfaction, then, is shaped by our genes, health, economic prospects, relationships and the culture around us. While many of these things may be beyond your control, there is now good evidence that certain psychological strategies will help you to 120 to your circumstances in the happiest way possible.
（2023上·上海·高三同济大学第一附属中学校考阶段练习）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．assigned B．attractive C． bridge D．cooperating E. exposed F. possessions G. requests H. screen I. socializing J. unappealing K. virtual
The office used to be a place people went because they had to. Meetings happened in conference rooms and in person. Desks took up most of the space. The kingdom of Dilbert and of David Brent is now under threat. The pandemic has 121 the office to competition from remote working, and brought up questions about how it should be designed in the future.
Start with what the office is for. In the past it was a place for employees to get their work done, whatever form that took. Now other conceptions of its role strive for attention. Some think of the office as the new offsite (异地活动) . Its purpose is to get people together in person so they can do the things that remote working makes harder: establishing deeper relationships or 122 in real time on specific projects. Others talk of the office as a destination, a place that has to make the idea of getting out of bed earlier, in order to socialize with people who may have covid-19, seem 123 .
In other words, a layout that is largely devoted to people working at desks alongside the same colleagues each day all feels very 2019. With fewer people coming in and more emphasis on cooperation, fewer desks will be 124 to individuals. Instead, there will be more shared areas, where people in a team can work together flexible. More hot-desking (轮用办公桌) will also necessitate storage space for personal 125 : lockers may soon be back in your life.
To 126 gaps between teams, one strategy is to set aside more of the office to present the work of each department. Another option is to provide everyone with drink. Expect more space to be set aside for 127 and events. Bars in offices are apparently going to be a thing. Robin Avia of Gensler, an architecture firm, says she is seeing lots of 128 for places, like large auditoriums, where a company's clients can have “experiences”.
Designs for the post-covid office must also allow for hybrid work. Meetings have to work for 129 participants as well as for in-person contributors; cameras, screens and microphones will multiply. Gensler's New York offices feature mini-meeting rooms that have a monitor and a half-table sticking out from the wall below it, with seating for 4 or 5 people arranged to face the 130 , not each other.
（2023上·上海浦东新·高三统考期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．accounts B．credibility C． declaring D．filtered E. pays F. particularly G. enduring H. principle I. ignoring J. reputation K. revolutionized
The serious business of being a social influencer This week China promised a tax-evasion punishment on social-media influencers, who are paid by brands to promote products online to their followers. Viya, known as the live-streaming queen, has already been fined $210m for not 131 her income. The size of that levy (征收税) shows the large scale of the industry, which 132 for 12% of online sales in China.
Outside China, influencers are also likely to have a(n) 133 role in e-commerce. For all firms with brands, it is time to realize that influencing is more than just a hobby.
The use of personal endorsements (宣传，代言) used to be about taking advantage of existing celebrity power. For example, Michael Jordan’s deal in 1984 with Nike 134 both basketball and branding. Influencers turn the logic on its head: selling things helps make them more famous. Through clipped videos and 135 photos they offer recommendations to consumers, together with glimpses into their daily lives to increase the 136 .
Total spending on influencers by brands could reach $16bn this year. The number of wannabe influencers outside China is in the millions. However, only under 100,000 of them get most profit. Their staying power suggests that they add value in several ways. Influencers’ networks reach new audiences, 137 younger shoppers. And influencers are technologically proficient in a way that old-style brand ambassadors never were. They can quickly adapt to and utilize newer platforms like TikTok. Yet one-third of brands do not use influencers. They worry about their 138 .
Despite the risk, 139 influencers is a mistake. Their share of digital advertising budgets is still low at 3%, but it is rising fast. The borderline between entertainment and e-commerce is becoming unclear. The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s-ads targeted through Google and Facebook-is under threat as new privacy standards make it harder to spy on potential customers.
To make full use of influencers, brands should set a clear strategy. They should expect more regulation on consumer protection. The guiding 140 should be to use only influencers who disclose to their audiences that their posts are paid.
（2023上·上海·高三复旦附中校考期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．categorise B．creation C． good D．innovative E. maximum F. packed G. pedestrianise H. processing I. shape J. short-lived K. transformation
All Change in Curitiba!
Like many other major world cities, Curitiba in southern Brazil has had to deal with issues such as pollution, poverty, and limited public funding. However, the architect and three-times mayor of the city, Jaime Lerner, has introduced some 141 solutions.
As part of his ‘Master Plan’, Lerner hoped to make the city more environmentally friendly. He initiated a recycling scheme. In return for delivering recyclable rubbish to specified 142 points, residents receive a bag of vegetables or bus tickets. As a result, Curitiba now has one of the highest recycling rates in the world. Lerner also ordered the 143 of 26 urban parks. As well as preventing pollution, these control flooding.
Lerner did not win over all the city’s residents immediately, however. When his plans to 144 part of the centre were passed, local businesses were up in arms, fearing a reduction in profits. Realising he needed to act quickly, Lerner had the 145 of six blocks completed within three days. When a group of motorists attempted to drive through the new pedestrian area, Lerner arranged for local primary schools to hold a painting workshop on the streets. The drivers were forced to turn back. Luckily for Lerner, this rebellion was 146 . The increase in profit rapidly persuaded shop owners to change their minds.
Lerner’s determination helped 147 the Curitiba of today. The average income per capita has risen from a level that was below the Brazilian average in the 1970s to 66% above the average, and surveys indicate high levels of resident satisfaction.
So, is it all just one big success story In some respects, Curitiba may have been too successful for its own 148 . People and businesses have come to the city, which now has more than 1.8 million residents. This has put the city under enormous stress. Forty years ago, buses transported 54,000 passengers a day. Now the number is 2.3 million. According to some experts, the transport system has reached its 149 efficiency capacity. Following a rise in complaints about the noisy and 150 buses, the service is in decline.
