Unit 5 The value of money
Discovering useful structures导学案
【学习目标】
1 To understand the usage of modal verbs and use them to express modality
2 To use “would do” or “was/were going to do” to talk about future events in the past
课前预学区
【学习过程】
【观察句子】
1.Please let us know if you cannot attend the meeting.
2.That can’t be Mary—she’s in New York.
3.He might get there on time, but I can’t be sure.
4.It can be quite cold here in winter.
5.He may have missed his train, but I am not sure.
6.Cars must not park in front of the entrance.
7.I’m sorry, she’s not here. She must have left already.
8.You must be hungry after all that walking.
【自我感知】1.情态动词can, could, must, might 不能单独作谓语,后面只能跟动词原形。
2.情态动词must表示的可能性最大,如句8; might表示的可能性最小,如句3; can表有时可能,如句4。
3.情态动词+have done 表对过去情况的推测, 如句5, 句7。
课中导学区
知识讲解 情态动词
can /could
①.表示具有某种能力（体力/知识/技能）意为“会，能”，could是can的过去式。
Eg. Alicia can play the piano.艾丽莎会弹钢琴。
I could swim when I was six years old.我六岁的时候就会游泳。
②.表示可能性，意为“可能会”
Eg. Water can be turned into ice if it is cold enough. 如果温度足够低，水可能会结成冰。
③.表示请求/许可，常用于一般疑问句 ,意为“可以”,could 比can语气要更加委婉/客气
Can/Could I ask you a question 我可以问你一个问题吗？
④.表示推测，常用于否定句， cannot=cant意为“不可能”
Eg.That can't be Mike.He has gone to Nanjing. 那不可能是迈克，他去南京了。
Eg. One day,people will be able to travel to the moon. 有朝一日，人们会到月球去旅行。
may /might
1．表示请求或允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。对may的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can，但作否定回答时要用mustn’t或can’t。
You may come if you wish.
如果你想来，你就来。
May(Might) I ask for a photo of your baby
我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
—May I smoke here
—No，you mustn’t.You’d better not.
——我可以在这里吸烟吗？
——不，不可以。你最好不要吸烟。
2．表示可能。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气不肯定。
The crowds might damage the beauty of the place.
人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。
She may not know about it.
她可能不知道这件事。
3．用于表祝愿的句子中。
May both the bride and groom have happy lives.
祝新娘新郎幸福绵长。
must,have to
①must 表示“必须；一定”，强调说话人的主观看法，认为有义务做某事；
have to 表示“不得不”，强调客观需要，含有不情愿或被迫之意。
例: All passengers must wear safety belts.
There is no bus here, and you have to go on foot.
②mustn't意为“不许”，表示禁止；
don't have to=needn't意为“不必”，表示没有必要。
注意: must用于一般疑问句时，其否定回答应用needn't或don't have too
例: —Must we hand in our homework today
—No,you don't have to.
The law says drivers mustn't drive after drinking.
③must表示说话人的态度，意为“偏偏；非得”。
例: Must you make such a big noise
If you must go,at least wait until the storm is over.
need & dare
need 需要dare敢。既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。由need引起的一般疑问句。肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't
①.作情态动词：无三单变化，后+动词原形。变否定，后+not。变疑问，前面提。
You needn't be so worried.你不心如此担心。-Need I do it at once -我雪要立即做吗？-Yes, you must.-星的，你必须。 -No, you needn't. -不，没必要。
-Dare you go home alone -你敢一个人回家吗？ -Yes, I dare.-是的，我敢。
She daren't even look at me.她甚至不敢看我。 How dared they do such a thing 他们怎么敢干这样的事？
②.作实义动词： 有三单/ 时态变化，变否定，前+don't/doesn't/didn't。
Sb. need to do sth. / sth. need doing=need to be done
dare to do sth.
I don't need to have a rest.我不需要体息.
This car needs repairing.=This cor needs to be repaired.这辆车雪要被修理。
He dares to swim across the river.他敢游过这条河。
should & ought to
①.表示让步，建议和命令。 should/ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
You should/ought to go to class right away. 你应该立刻去上课。
Should I open the window 我应该开窗户吗？
②.表示“应该”，ought to 表示义务或责任，比should语气重。
I should help her because she is in trouble. 她有麻烦，我应该帮助她。
You ought to take care of the baby . 你应该照顾这个婴儿。
③.表示推测。 should/ought to (客观推测 ) must (主观推测)
1.He must be home by now.(断定他已到家)
2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)
3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)
4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含著)
肯定：ought to do=should do 应该做事 。 否定：ought not to do=shouldn't do不应该做草事
一般疑问句：Ought sb. to do…… Should sb. do…· …应该做…吗？
will & would
1．表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去，用于否定句表示“不肯，不乐意”。
I will never do that again.
我决不会再做那种事了。
2．表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。
Will/Would you pass me the book
请你把书递给我好吗？
3．will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为“总是；常常”。
Fish will die without water.
没有水，鱼会死去。
When my parents were away, my grandmother would take care of me.
我父母外出的时候，总是祖母照看我。
过去将来时
过去将来时
一、过去将来时的含义
过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。判断这种时态的依据是：要有表示过去的“动作”，而不是时间。
二、过去将来时的用法
1.“would＋动词原形”。常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。表示过去的某种习惯性行为，也常用would。
They never knew that population would become a big problem.
他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。
Whenever it was Sunday evening, we would sit in the yard and listen to his story.
每到星期天晚上，我们都坐在院子里听他的故事。
2. “was/were＋going to＋动词原形”。常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。
She said she was going to start off at once.
她说她将立即出发。
【易混辨析】
was/were to do 表示打算/计划做某事或客观迹象表明要发生的事
was/were to do 表示过去计划或安排做某事
was/were about to do 表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作，意为“正要、即将”，一般不与明确的时间状语连用
was/were＋doing 表示过去将来时时，仅限于come, go, leave, arrive, start等词
When they arrived the plane was just going to take off.
飞机正要起飞时他们到了。
He said he was to finish the work in a week.
他说他打算一星期后完成这项工作。
He was about to be transferred to a seaside town.
他正要被调往一座海滨小城。
A lot of people were coming to watch the fireworks.
有许多人要来观看焰火。
【拓展】条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn't work hard.
老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。
课后思学区
一、单项选择
1．Some old people can use the computer now, but they________ ten years ago.
A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t
2．Young people________ respect old people.
A．shall B．should C．may D．might
3．—_________I go with my friends to the harvest festival
—No. you’d better not.
A．Must B．May C．Would D．Need
4．— This city is a dull place to live in.
— How surprising that you ________ think so! I love it very much.
A．shall B．might C．should D．must
5．You ________ drive after drinking wine because it is against the law.
A．wouldn’t B．mustn’t C．won’t D．needn’t
6．He came to realize that social media wasted lots of time which he ____________ on his research essay.
A．should spend B．must spend C．should have spent D．must have spent
7．This road is narrow and the traffic on it is heavy, so sometimes it ______ be blocked.
A．should B．shall C．can D．need
8．That’s why Letter from Father Christmas ________ the perfect book for those who regard Christmas as a special time of year.
A．should be B．couldn’t be C．shouldn’t be D．could be
9．Your children _____ pay the adult price on trips because they are old enough.
A．would B．needn’t C．have to D．shouldn’t
10．— Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there
— No, it be him. I am sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A．can’t B．mustn’t C．won’t D．may not
11．Mum ____be preparing for the festival in the kitchen. Let’s go and see!
A．can B．may C．must D．shall
12．It’s too late. I __________ go home now.
A．be able to B．have to C．had better D．dare
13．—— Look at the man in pink over there! Is he John
—— He ________ be John who is away on a business trip now.
A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．may not D．can not
14．Even if you lose the match, you shouldn’t .
A．lose your heart B．lose heart C．lose the heart D．lose a heart
15．It _____ be quite cold in the mountains at night, so you’d better take a thick coat with you.
A．can B．dare C．would D．need
16．She set off at 9 a.m. and ______ the airport an hour later.
A．will reach B．would reach
C．had reached D．reached
17．He ________ home when it began to rain heavily.
A．was leaving B．was going to leave C．had left D．was about to leave
18．Broke knew that she ______ time to finish her homework by tomorrow.
A．will not have B．would not have C．do not have D．can not have
19．Jim is not here just now. He said he _______ on duty at the library this afternoon.
A．will B．was going to be C．was D．is
20．At that time he didn’t know that quitting the job ________the turning point in his life.
A．would become B．will become C．became D．has become
21．—Jerry, sorry to have kept you waiting.
—It doesn’t matter, but I never thought you ________ later than me.
A．are B．will be C．had been D．would be
22．Margret promised that she ________ a gift when she went back to Washington.
A．will send B．would send C．had sent D．was sending
23．The airline company assured us that ________ no delays.
A．there will be B．there were C．there would be D．there are
24．The last time I spoke to you, you ________ a business. Did you do it
A．were going to start B．had started C．started D．have started
25．She promised that she ________ an end to the situation, but failed to do so.
A．had put B．would put C．was putting D．would have put
二、选词填空
26．—Must I finish the task right now
—No, you . (don’t have to/mustn’t)
27．It’s so near; we have taken a taxi. (shouldn’t/can’t)
28．You have spent so much time playing computer games. (mustn’t/oughtn’t to)
29．My suggestion is that if it rains tomorrow we go to the library. (had better/ought to)
30．He have missed the train; he arrived at the train station two hours early. (can’t/mustn’t)
31．You go there alone; it’s too dangerous. (mustn’t/needn’t)
32．She said that the meeting the next day. (was to be held /was about to be held)
33．We have helped him; in that case, he would have been able to finish the work. (should/can)
34．He finished all the work by himself; in fact, he have asked his friends for help. (need/could)
35．This morning I thought I a talk with you tonight. (was going to have/was about to have)
三、语法填空
The famous Peking opera artist Yuan Huiqin hosted two culture talks 36 were called “Charm (魅力) of Peking Opera” in Stockholm and St. Petersburg last year.
The two sessions, as programs of Chinese Culture Talk, 37 (organize) by the Bureau for External Cultural Relations of the Ministry of Culture of China, Chinese embassies and local cultural organizations. 38 (member) of Chinese embassies, famous sinologists (汉学家) and those 39 (show) an interest in Peking opera, attended the two culture talks.
The host, Yuan Huiqin, is a national class A artist of China National Peking Opera Company and a winner of the Plum Blossom Prize. During the talks, she 40 (patient) shared the charm of Peking opera in more than one way.
With the help of the local sinologists, 41 (she) talks were translated into Swedish and Russian. These words explored the concepts and artistic characteristics of 42 (tradition) Chinese operas, which got audience 43 (experience) the distinct charm of Peking opera.
44 addition, young artists from the China National Peking Opera Company performed classic opera selections. During the interaction of the talks, some opera lovers performed with young artists and on 45 spot the audience tried costumes (戏装) of Peking opera with great curiosity.
1．A
【详解】考查情态动词和时态。句意：有些老人现在会用电脑，但十年前不会。根据语境可知，一些老人现在会使用电脑了，但十年前他们还不会使用。A. couldn’t不能，不会； B. mustn’t 禁止；C. needn’t没必要；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据时间状语和句意可知，此处描述过去的事情用一般过去时，表示“过去不会”。故选A。
2．B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：年轻人应该尊敬老人。A. shall将会；B. should应该；C. may 也许；D. might可能。根据语境可知：年轻人应该尊敬老人是一种责任，用should表示：义务、责任、劝告或建议。故选B。
3．B
【详解】考查情态动词。——我可以和我的朋友一起去参加丰收的节日吗？——不，不最好别去。A. Must必须；B. May可能，可以；C. Would 将会；D. Need需要。根据语境可知，此处表示请求许可应用may。故选B。
4．C
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——这个城市是一个沉闷的地方。——你竟然这样想，真是令人惊讶！我非常喜欢它。A. shall用于主语是二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁；B. might可能；C. should应该，竟然(表示惊讶)；D. must必须，偏偏。根据“surprising”可知此处表示惊讶，意为竟然这样想。故选C。
5．B
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：禁止酒后开车，因为这是违法的。A. wouldn’t不肯；B. mustn’t不准，禁止；C. won’t将不会；D. needn’t不必。根据“because it is against the law”可知，此处指“禁止酒后开车”，应用mustn’t，故选B。
6．C
【详解】考查情态动词特殊用法。句意：他开始意识到社交媒体浪费了他应该花在研究论文上的大量时间。A. should spend应该花费；B. must spend必须花费；C. should have spent本来应该花，但实际上没有(虚拟用法)；D. must have spent一定是花了(对过去情态的推测)。根据句中“wasted lots of time”可推知，他认为这些时间本来是应该花在研究论文上的，但他没有那样做。用should have spent表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选C项。
7．C
【详解】考查推测句。句意：这条路很窄，路上的车辆很拥挤，所以有时会堵塞。A. should应该；B. shall将会；C. can可能；D. need需要。根据“This road is narrow and the traffic on it is heavy”可知，这里指有时可能堵车，表示“可能”用情态动词can。故选C。
8．D
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：这就是为什么《圣诞老人的来信》对于那些把圣诞节视为一年中一个特殊时刻的人来说是一本完美的书。 should“应该”，could“可能”，根据句意，此处表示“可能是一本完美的书”，表示一种肯定性推测，故选D项。
9．C
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：您的孩子在旅行时必须支付成人价格，因为他们已经足够大了。A. would将要；B. needn’t没有必要；C. have to必须；D. shouldn’t不应该。由下文“because they are old enough”可知，孩子足够大所以必须在旅行时支付成人价格，故选C。
10．A
【详解】考查情态动词：句意：——那不是安的丈夫吗？——不，肯定不是他，我确定他不戴眼镜。A. can’t不可能；B. mustn’t禁止；C. won’t不会；D. may not可能不。表示否定的推测，“不可能”用can’t。故选A。
11．C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：妈妈一定在厨房里为节日做准备。让我们去看看！A. can可以，能够，可能，表示允许或能力，表示推测时常用于否定句；B. may可能，表示推测；C. must一定，必须，表示肯定推测或命令；D. shall必须，表示命令或指示。根据句中的“Let’s go and see!”可知，这里表示对现在正在进行的事情的肯定推测，应用must。故选C。
12．B
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：太晚了。我现在得回家了。A. be able to能够：具备能力去做某事；B. have to必须，不得不：表示某事是必需或必要的；C. had better最好；D. dare敢于。根据上文“It’s too late.”可知，因为太晚了，所以不得不回家。故选B。
13．D
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：—— 看看那边那个穿粉红色衣服的人！他是约翰吗？—— 他不可能是正在出差的约翰。A. shouldn’t 不应该；B. mustn’t禁止； C. may not可能不；D. can not不可能。由句意可知，这里表示否定推测，意义为“不可能”，所以应用can not。故选D项。
14．B
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：即使你输了比赛，你也不应该灰心。根据句意可知，此处应表示“灰心”应为lose heart，位于情态动词shouldn’t后，所以使用动词原形，lose one’s heart意为“倾心于，爱上”，不符合语境。故选B项。
15．A
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：山里的夜晚很冷，所以你最好带一件厚外套。根据句意可知，此处表示“山里的夜晚很冷”这种可能性，故用情态动词can表示，dare表示“敢于”，would表示“将来的意愿”，need表示“需要”。故选A项。
16．B
【详解】考查时态。句意：她早上9点出发，一小时后到达机场。A. will reach一般将来时态；B. would reach过去将来时态；C. had reached过去完成时态；D. reached一般过去时态。分析谓语动词set off形式和句意可知，第一分句使用了一般过去时态，“出发”是过去发生的事情，结合第二分句中时间状语an hour later可知，“到达机场”是将来情况，用过去将来时态。故选B项。
17．D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他正要离开家，这时下起了大雨。分析句子结构可知，此处为be about to do...when...句型，意为“正要干某事时，突然发生另外一件事情”，根据谓语动词began可知，此处的谓语动词为一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数，所以应为was about to leave。故选D项。
18．B
【详解】考查时态。句意：布洛克知道她明天之前没有时间完成作业。根据主句的谓语动词knew可知，that从句的时态应该是过去的相关时态，再结合时间状语by tomorrow可知，空格处用过去将来时，表示过去将要发生的动作，故选B项。
19．B
【详解】考查时态。句意: 吉姆现在不在这里。他说他下午会在图书馆值班。根据句意可知，值班发生在将来，根据主句时态为过去可知，从句应使用过去将来时was going to，故选B。
20．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：那时候他还不知道辞职会成为他人生的转折点。由“the turning point in his life”可知，句子表示“辞职将会成为他人生的转折点”，时态用将来时，由At that time可知，句子时态是一般过去时，因此空格处是过去将来时would do，故选A。
21．D
【详解】考查时态。句意：——杰瑞，抱歉让你久等了。——没关系，但是我从没想过你会比我晚。分析句子可知，空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，结合语境可知，此处表示“我”当时未想过“你”将会比“我”晚到，宾语从句的动作在过去尚未发生，应用过去将来时。故选D。
22．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：玛格丽特答应她回华盛顿时要送一份礼物。分析句子结构可知，空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语从句“when she went back to Washington”可知，宾语从句描述的动作还未发生，结合主句为一般过去时可知，从句应用过去将来。故选B。
23．C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：航空公司向我们保证不会有延误。空格处在宾语从句中作谓语，主句为一般过去时，从句表示在过去的某一时间来看将来将要发生的动作，应用过去将来时，表示“某处有某物”，应用there be句型，其过去将来为时的形式是there would be。故选C项。
24．A
【详解】考查过去将来时。句意：我上次和你说话的时候，你正要创业了。你做到了吗？A. were going to start要开始；B. had started已经开始；C. started开始；D. have started已经开始。根据句意及“The last time”和“Did you do it”可知，空处描述的是从过去来看将来要发生的事情，应用过去将来时，故选A项。
25．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她承诺要结束这种局面，但没有做到。空格处在宾语从句中作谓语，主句为一般过去时，空格处表示从过去的某一时间看将来要发生的动作，应用过去将来时。故选B项。
26．don’t have to 27．shouldn’t 28．oughtn’t to 29．had better 30．can’t 31．mustn’t 32．was to be held 33．should 34．could 35．was going to have
【详解】1. 考查情态动词。句意: ——我必须现在完成这项任务吗？——不，你不需要。根据句意可知，此处对must提问的否定回答应该用don’t have to或needn’t，表示“不需要, 不必”，不能用表示“禁止”的mustn’t。故填don't have to。
2. 考查情态动词。句意：太近了，我们不应该坐出租车的。根据句中的It's so near可知，此处应该用shouldn't have done表示“本不该做某事而做了”。故填shouldn't。
3.考查情态动词。句意：你不应该花这么多时间玩电脑游戏。根据句意和空格后的“have spent so much time playing computer games”可知，此处应该用oughtn’t to have done表示“本不该做某事而做了”，而mustn’t表示“禁止”。故填oughtn’t to。
4. 考查情态动词。句意：我的建议是，如果明天下雨，我们最好去图书馆。 根据句中的my suggestion可知，此处应该用had better表示“最好……”，用于提建议。故填had better。
5. 考查情态动词。句意：他不可能误了火车，他提前两个小时到达了火车站。根据句意和空格后的have missed the train可知，此处应该用can’t have done“不可能”，表示对过去的否定推测。故填can’t。
6. 考查情态动词。句意：你不要单独去那里，太危险了。根据句中的“it’s too dangerous”可知，此处表示“禁止独自去那里”，所以应该用mustn’t。故填mustn't。
7. 考查时态和固定句型。句意：她说会议将在第二天举行。be to do可以表示“按计划做某事”，可以与表示将来的时间状语the next day连用；be about to do（正要……）不能与表示将来的时间状语the next day连用。故填was to be held。
8. 考查情态动词。句意：我们本来应该帮助他的，如果是那样的话，他就能完成这项工作了。根据下文“in that case, he would have been able to finish the work.”可知，此处应该用should have done表示“本应该做某事而没做”。故填should。
9. 考查情态动词。句意：他自己完成了所有的工作；事实上，他本可以请朋友帮忙的。根据句中的“He finished all the work by himself”可知，此处应该用could have done表示“本可以做某事而没做”。故填could。
10. 考查情态动词。句意：今天早上我还以为今晚将要和你谈谈呢。be going to do（打算做某事）可以和表示将来的时间状语tonight连用，was/were going to do表示“原本打算做某事而实际上没做”，be about to do（正要……）不能与表示将来的时间状语tonight连用。故填was going to have。
36．which/that 37．were organized 38．Members 39．showing 40．patiently 41．her 42．traditional 43．to experience 44．In 45．the
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了去年，京剧名家袁慧琴在瑞典的斯德哥尔摩和俄罗斯的圣彼得堡主持了两场京剧文化交流活动。
36．考查定语从句。句意：去年，著名京剧艺术家袁慧琴在斯德哥尔摩和圣彼得堡举办了两场名为“京剧的魅力”的文化讲座。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词talks是物，因此空格处用关系代词which/that，故填which或that。
37．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：这两场活动作为“中国文化对话”的项目，由中国文化部对外文化局、中国驻外使馆和当地文化团体共同举办。sessions是被举办，且描述过去的事情，因此空格 是一般过去时的被动语态，主语sessions是复数，因此空格处是were organized。故填were organized。
38．考查名词复数。句意：中国大使馆的成员、著名的汉学家和对京剧感兴趣的人参加了这两场文化讲座。中国大使馆的成员不止一个，因此空格处用描述，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Members。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国大使馆的成员、著名的汉学家和对京剧感兴趣的人参加了这两场文化讲座。句中谓语是attended，空格处用非谓语动词，those和show之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填showing。
40．考查副词。句意：在谈话中，她耐心地用多种方式分享京剧的魅力。空格处用副词patiently修饰动词shared，故填patiently。
41．考查物主代词。句意：在当地汉学家的帮助下，她的谈话被翻译成瑞典语和俄语。she和talks之间是所属关系，因此空格处用形容词性物主代词her，故填her。
42．考查形容词。句意：这些话探讨了中国传统戏剧的概念和艺术特点，让观众感受到京剧独特的魅力。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语Chinese operas，tradition的形容词是traditional，意为“传统的”，故填traditional。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些话探讨了中国传统戏剧的概念和艺术特点，让观众感受到京剧独特的魅力。get sb. do to sth.是固定短语，意为“让某人做某事”，因此空格处用不定式，故填to experience。
44．考查介词。句意：此外，来自中国国家京剧公司的年轻艺术家们还表演了经典剧目选段。in addition是固定短语，意为“此外”，因此空格处是介词in，位于句首，首字母大写，故填In。
45．考查定冠词。句意：在交流互动中，一些戏曲爱好者与青年艺术家共同演出，现场观众好奇地尝试着京剧服饰。on the spot是固定短语，意为“在现场”，因此空格处是定冠词the，故填the。Unit 5 The value of money
Discovering useful structures导学案
【学习目标】
1 To understand the usage of modal verbs and use them to express modality
2 To use “would do” or “was/were going to do” to talk about future events in the past
课前预学区
【学习过程】
【观察句子】
1.Please let us know if you cannot attend the meeting.
2.That can’t be Mary—she’s in New York.
3.He might get there on time, but I can’t be sure.
4.It can be quite cold here in winter.
5.He may have missed his train, but I am not sure.
6.Cars must not park in front of the entrance.
7.I’m sorry, she’s not here. She must have left already.
8.You must be hungry after all that walking.
【自我感知】1.情态动词can, could, must, might 不能单独作谓语,后面只能跟动词 。
2.情态动词 表示的可能性最大,如句8; 表示的可能性最小,如句3; 表有时可能,如句4。
3.情态动词+have done 表对 情况的推测, 如句5, 句7。
课中导学区
知识讲解 情态动词
can /could
①.表示具有某种能力（体力/知识/技能）意为“会，能”，could是can的过去式。
Eg. Alicia can play the piano.艾丽莎会弹钢琴。
I could swim when I was six years old.我六岁的时候就会游泳。
②.表示可能性，意为“可能会”
Eg. Water can be turned into ice if it is cold enough. 如果温度足够低，水可能会结成冰。
③.表示请求/许可，常用于一般疑问句 ,意为“可以”,could 比can语气要更加委婉/客气
Can/Could I ask you a question 我可以问你一个问题吗？
④.表示推测，常用于否定句， cannot=cant意为“不可能”
Eg.That can't be Mike.He has gone to Nanjing. 那不可能是迈克，他去南京了。
Eg. One day,people will be able to travel to the moon. 有朝一日，人们会到月球去旅行。
may /might
1．表示请求或允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。对may的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can，但作否定回答时要用mustn’t或can’t。
You may come if you wish.
如果你想来，你就来。
May(Might) I ask for a photo of your baby
我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
—May I smoke here
—No，you mustn’t.You’d better not.
——我可以在这里吸烟吗？
——不，不可以。你最好不要吸烟。
2．表示可能。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气不肯定。
The crowds might damage the beauty of the place.
人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。
She may not know about it.
她可能不知道这件事。
3．用于表祝愿的句子中。
May both the bride and groom have happy lives.
祝新娘新郎幸福绵长。
must,have to
①must 表示“必须；一定”，强调说话人的主观看法，认为有义务做某事；
have to 表示“不得不”，强调客观需要，含有不情愿或被迫之意。
例: All passengers must wear safety belts.
There is no bus here, and you have to go on foot.
②mustn't意为“不许”，表示禁止；
don't have to=needn't意为“不必”，表示没有必要。
注意: must用于一般疑问句时，其否定回答应用needn't或don't have too
例: —Must we hand in our homework today
—No,you don't have to.
The law says drivers mustn't drive after drinking.
③must表示说话人的态度，意为“偏偏；非得”。
例: Must you make such a big noise
If you must go,at least wait until the storm is over.
need & dare
need 需要dare敢。既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。由need引起的一般疑问句。肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't
①.作情态动词：无三单变化，后+动词原形。变否定，后+not。变疑问，前面提。
You needn't be so worried.你不心如此担心。-Need I do it at once -我雪要立即做吗？-Yes, you must.-星的，你必须。 -No, you needn't. -不，没必要。
-Dare you go home alone -你敢一个人回家吗？ -Yes, I dare.-是的，我敢。
She daren't even look at me.她甚至不敢看我。 How dared they do such a thing 他们怎么敢干这样的事？
②.作实义动词： 有三单/ 时态变化，变否定，前+don't/doesn't/didn't。
Sb. need to do sth. / sth. need doing=need to be done
dare to do sth.
I don't need to have a rest.我不需要体息.
This car needs repairing.=This cor needs to be repaired.这辆车雪要被修理。
He dares to swim across the river.他敢游过这条河。
should & ought to
①.表示让步，建议和命令。 should/ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
You should/ought to go to class right away. 你应该立刻去上课。
Should I open the window 我应该开窗户吗？
②.表示“应该”，ought to 表示义务或责任，比should语气重。
I should help her because she is in trouble. 她有麻烦，我应该帮助她。
You ought to take care of the baby . 你应该照顾这个婴儿。
③.表示推测。 should/ought to (客观推测 ) must (主观推测)
1.He must be home by now.(断定他已到家)
2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)
3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)
4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含著)
肯定：ought to do=should do 应该做事 。 否定：ought not to do=shouldn't do不应该做草事
一般疑问句：Ought sb. to do…… Should sb. do…· …应该做…吗？
will & would
1．表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去，用于否定句表示“不肯，不乐意”。
I will never do that again.
我决不会再做那种事了。
2．表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。
Will/Would you pass me the book
请你把书递给我好吗？
3．will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为“总是；常常”。
Fish will die without water.
没有水，鱼会死去。
When my parents were away, my grandmother would take care of me.
我父母外出的时候，总是祖母照看我。
过去将来时
过去将来时
一、过去将来时的含义
过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。判断这种时态的依据是：要有表示过去的“动作”，而不是时间。
二、过去将来时的用法
1.“would＋动词原形”。常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。表示过去的某种习惯性行为，也常用would。
They never knew that population would become a big problem.
他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。
Whenever it was Sunday evening, we would sit in the yard and listen to his story.
每到星期天晚上，我们都坐在院子里听他的故事。
2. “was/were＋going to＋动词原形”。常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。
She said she was going to start off at once.
她说她将立即出发。
【易混辨析】
was/were to do 表示打算/计划做某事或客观迹象表明要发生的事
was/were to do 表示过去计划或安排做某事
was/were about to do 表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作，意为“正要、即将”，一般不与明确的时间状语连用
was/were＋doing 表示过去将来时时，仅限于come, go, leave, arrive, start等词
When they arrived the plane was just going to take off.
飞机正要起飞时他们到了。
He said he was to finish the work in a week.
他说他打算一星期后完成这项工作。
He was about to be transferred to a seaside town.
他正要被调往一座海滨小城。
A lot of people were coming to watch the fireworks.
有许多人要来观看焰火。
【拓展】条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn't work hard.
老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。
课后思学区
一、单项选择
1．Some old people can use the computer now, but they________ ten years ago.
A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t
2．Young people________ respect old people.
A．shall B．should C．may D．might
3．—_________I go with my friends to the harvest festival
—No. you’d better not.
A．Must B．May C．Would D．Need
4．— This city is a dull place to live in.
— How surprising that you ________ think so! I love it very much.
A．shall B．might C．should D．must
5．You ________ drive after drinking wine because it is against the law.
A．wouldn’t B．mustn’t C．won’t D．needn’t
6．He came to realize that social media wasted lots of time which he ____________ on his research essay.
A．should spend B．must spend C．should have spent D．must have spent
7．This road is narrow and the traffic on it is heavy, so sometimes it ______ be blocked.
A．should B．shall C．can D．need
8．That’s why Letter from Father Christmas ________ the perfect book for those who regard Christmas as a special time of year.
A．should be B．couldn’t be C．shouldn’t be D．could be
9．Your children _____ pay the adult price on trips because they are old enough.
A．would B．needn’t C．have to D．shouldn’t
10．— Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there
— No, it be him. I am sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A．can’t B．mustn’t C．won’t D．may not
11．Mum ____be preparing for the festival in the kitchen. Let’s go and see!
A．can B．may C．must D．shall
12．It’s too late. I __________ go home now.
A．be able to B．have to C．had better D．dare
13．—— Look at the man in pink over there! Is he John
—— He ________ be John who is away on a business trip now.
A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．may not D．can not
14．Even if you lose the match, you shouldn’t .
A．lose your heart B．lose heart C．lose the heart D．lose a heart
15．It _____ be quite cold in the mountains at night, so you’d better take a thick coat with you.
A．can B．dare C．would D．need
16．She set off at 9 a.m. and ______ the airport an hour later.
A．will reach B．would reach
C．had reached D．reached
17．He ________ home when it began to rain heavily.
A．was leaving B．was going to leave C．had left D．was about to leave
18．Broke knew that she ______ time to finish her homework by tomorrow.
A．will not have B．would not have C．do not have D．can not have
19．Jim is not here just now. He said he _______ on duty at the library this afternoon.
A．will B．was going to be C．was D．is
20．At that time he didn’t know that quitting the job ________the turning point in his life.
A．would become B．will become C．became D．has become
21．—Jerry, sorry to have kept you waiting.
—It doesn’t matter, but I never thought you ________ later than me.
A．are B．will be C．had been D．would be
22．Margret promised that she ________ a gift when she went back to Washington.
A．will send B．would send C．had sent D．was sending
23．The airline company assured us that ________ no delays.
A．there will be B．there were C．there would be D．there are
24．The last time I spoke to you, you ________ a business. Did you do it
A．were going to start B．had started C．started D．have started
25．She promised that she ________ an end to the situation, but failed to do so.
A．had put B．would put C．was putting D．would have put
二、选词填空
26．—Must I finish the task right now
—No, you . (don’t have to/mustn’t)
27．It’s so near; we have taken a taxi. (shouldn’t/can’t)
28．You have spent so much time playing computer games. (mustn’t/oughtn’t to)
29．My suggestion is that if it rains tomorrow we go to the library. (had better/ought to)
30．He have missed the train; he arrived at the train station two hours early. (can’t/mustn’t)
31．You go there alone; it’s too dangerous. (mustn’t/needn’t)
32．She said that the meeting the next day. (was to be held /was about to be held)
33．We have helped him; in that case, he would have been able to finish the work. (should/can)
34．He finished all the work by himself; in fact, he have asked his friends for help. (need/could)
35．This morning I thought I a talk with you tonight. (was going to have/was about to have)
三、语法填空
The famous Peking opera artist Yuan Huiqin hosted two culture talks 36 were called “Charm (魅力) of Peking Opera” in Stockholm and St. Petersburg last year.
The two sessions, as programs of Chinese Culture Talk, 37 (organize) by the Bureau for External Cultural Relations of the Ministry of Culture of China, Chinese embassies and local cultural organizations. 38 (member) of Chinese embassies, famous sinologists (汉学家) and those 39 (show) an interest in Peking opera, attended the two culture talks.
The host, Yuan Huiqin, is a national class A artist of China National Peking Opera Company and a winner of the Plum Blossom Prize. During the talks, she 40 (patient) shared the charm of Peking opera in more than one way.
With the help of the local sinologists, 41 (she) talks were translated into Swedish and Russian. These words explored the concepts and artistic characteristics of 42 (tradition) Chinese operas, which got audience 43 (experience) the distinct charm of Peking opera.
44 addition, young artists from the China National Peking Opera Company performed classic opera selections. During the interaction of the talks, some opera lovers performed with young artists and on 45 spot the audience tried costumes (戏装) of Peking opera with great curiosity.
