专题07 六选四（答案版）
卷01：2023年上海市虹口区高三一模
卷02：2023年上海市宝山区高三一模
卷03：2023年上海市嘉定区高三一模
卷04：2023年上海市金山区高三一模
卷05：2023年上海市闵行区高三一模
卷06：2023年上海市松江区高三一模
卷07：2023年上海市杨浦区高三一模
卷08：2023年上海市长宁区高三一模
卷09：2023年上海市黄浦区高三一模
卷10：2023年上海市静安区高三一模
卷11：2023年上海市崇明区高三一模
卷12：2023年上海市青浦区高三一模
卷13：2023年上海市浦东新区高三一模
卷14：2023年上海市奉贤区高三一模
卷15：2023年上海市普陀区高三一模
卷16：2023年上海市徐汇区高三一模
卷01：2023年上海市虹口区高三一模
Why Do You Find It So Hard to Not Multitask
Most of us do multitasking almost daily. But it’s time to change that. Your attention is already being pulled in millions of directions daily, so you really don’t need to add multitasking to the list. Let’s take the smartphone for example. On average you check your phone 110 times a day — that means you’re spending 23 days every year glued to your smartphone! How productive do you think that makes you ___47___.
But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone. ___48___. This rush can also make you overly optimistic, which means you are less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes. Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not.
You can find healthier, more balanced dopamine releases through ticking things on your to-do list through mono-, or single-tasking too. Since our brains can only effectively focus on one thing at a time, this is the way for you to accomplish more in less time. Research has suggested you’re 50% quicker on average to accomplish a task if you monotask, and you’re also 50% less like to make errors. ___49___. You’ll also be able to appreciate things on a deeper level and get more enjoyment from them when you’re focused. If you’re chatting to a friend over coffee while checking your phone, you’re not making the most out of your time with your friend!
Now you’re probably desperate to find out how to get rid of this multiasking habit so you can find real productivity. There is no easy answer. You simply have to commit to it and have the self-discipline to stick to one task at a time. Just say to yourself: When I walk, I walk. When I talk to someone, I talk to someone.
When I read, I read. It’s as simple as that. ___50___. And like that, you’ve mastered monotasking.
A. Focus on the one thing you are doing.
B. Habits like these which encourage you to multitask make you mentally exhausted and unproductive.
C. Make sure that you also take breaks in your monotasking, because that' s what helps your brain to stay focused.
D. So it’s a win-win for everyone!
E. The little information we do take in when we' re multitasking is more difficult to remember at a later stage.
F. You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and further encourages your multitasking habit.
【答案】47. B 48. F 49. D 50. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章解释了为什么不能放弃多任务处理的原因和多任务处理的弊端，并分析了单任务处理的优点，建议读者一次仅做一件事。
【47题详解】
前文“Most of us do multitasking almost daily. But it’s time to change that. Your attention is already being pulled in millions of directions daily, so you really don’t need to add multitasking to the list. (我们大多数人几乎每天都要同时处理多项任务。但现在是时候改变这种状况了。你的注意力已经被每天数以百万计的方向所吸引，所以你真的不需要在列表中添加多任务处理。)”以及下文的举例可知，此处讲述了我们不应该同时处理多项任务，这样不会有效率，B项“像这样的习惯会让你一心多用，使你精神疲惫，效率低下。”符合本段主题，多任务让你疲惫，效率不高，我们应该改变这种状况，故选B。
【48题详解】
前文“Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone.(研究表明，当你“成功地”完成多项任务时，你会激活大脑中的奖励机制，释放多巴胺，一种快乐激素。)”表明研究表明如果多任务处理成功，大脑就会释放快乐多巴胺，让你感到快乐，F项“你感觉很好，你相信自己很有效率，并进一步鼓励了你一心多用的习惯。”承接上文，说明大脑释放的快乐多巴胺让你感觉很好，认为自己很有效率，鼓励这种一心多用的习惯。故选F。
【49题详解】
前文“Research has suggested you’re 50% quicker on average to accomplish a task if you monotask, and you’re also 50%less like to make errors.(研究表明，如果你只做一件事，你完成任务的速度平均会快50%，出错的几率也会降低50%。)”表明一次只做一件事，速度快且出错率低，下文“You’ll also be able to appreciate things on a deeper level and get more enjoyment from them when you’re focused.(当你专注的时候，你也能在更深的层次上欣赏事物，并从中获得更多的乐趣。)”表明专注于一件事，能更深层次的欣赏事物，获得更多乐趣，因此推断这是一件双赢的事情，故D项“所以这对每个人来说都是双赢的！”符合语境，承上启下。故选D。
【50题详解】
前文“When I read, I read. It’s as simple as that.(当我读书的时候，我就读书。就是这么简单。)”建议一次只做一件事，下文“And like that, you’ve mastered monotasking.(就这样，你已经掌握了单任务处理。)”也建议读者要单任务处理，A项“专注于你正在做的一件事。”符合语境，也是建议要一次做一件事，故选A。
卷02：2023年上海市宝山区高三一模
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
But this technology can be dangerous as well. You just need to have some experience with technology as well as a proper computer. Therefore, AI technology will be used more and more wildly in the future. AI text-to-image generators will become as common and easy to use as Google image search. Rather, it will categorize every possible detail. Meanwhile, the generator can help people to recognize various information accurately.
Have you ever wondered what you would look like as a cartoon character or a marvel superhero With the power of artificial intelligence (AI) text-to-image generators, you can create images just like that - without any art skills. 67
How does it work
AI text-to-image generators are trained through a process called machine learning. In this process, the generator's "brain" is fed massive numbers of images and learns to distinguish what they are. But the generator doesn't just learn to tell the difference between a banana and a balloon.
68 These pixel-level details are then stored in a mathematical space. When someone gives the generator a text passage such as "Doraemon riding a white horse," the program uses algorithms (算法) to "think." Moments later, the program will create an entirely unique image that you requested.
Some artists worry that they are being replaced by this technology. But other artists like to cooperate with the generator, using its power for ideas and inspiration.
This powerful tool is now available to anyone through generators like Stable Diffusion and DALL-E. You can use them to create all kinds of imaginative images. 69
The dark side
Generators like Stable Diffusion are trained using images that are gathered from all over the internet. But the training process doesn't exclude (排除) images that are violent or inappropriate, so the generators "learn" those as well. The DALL-E program comes with built-in filters that prevent it from generating perverse (变态的) images. But Stable Diffusion is an open-source technology, meaning that people can modify its code and remove the content filters. Despite this, Stable Diffusion's founder Emad Mostaque remains optimistic about how people will use his generator. He says, "The bad stuff that people create ... will be a very, very small percentage of the total use."
For better or for worse， 70 But don't generate anything you'd be ashamed to show your mother！
参考答案： 67-70 BEAD
卷03：2023年上海市嘉定区高三一模
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need
A. The key is to look for places where improvements were done poorly. B. An experienced agent is probably going to have a better eye than the buyer. C. Is buying one of these quick-turnaround properties a good idea D. Set aside money for any problems that may crop up or ask the seller to cover them. E. How do you know if the previous owner has moved out of the house F. Flippers sometimes skip getting permits for the work they do.
What to Know If Buying a Flipped House
House flipping is hardly new. For someone who is working in the real estate market, a flipped or recently renovated (翻新的)home can be very appealing. But how about you, the home-hunter _____67____
You certainly don't need to avoid flipped properties. A flipped property does have some strong selling points. A lot of its features and fixtures have been replaced or improved. Certainly, you'll save on the time and trouble of doing the renovation yourself. But there are some things to watch out for if you're considering buying one.
____68____For example, Alice recently toured a flipped house whose kitchen drawer was blocked by the refrigerator and the dishwasher wasn't installed correctly -things that would prevent people from being able to function in there. Addressing issues like these can become costly, especially if you haven't factored them into your budget.
Don't neglect your right to a professional inspection. ____69_____So getting an expert to go take a thorough look at the property is crucial, to make sure everything is up to code. It's going to be really important to do your sewer(下水道)and separate roof inspections. Flipped houses may seem up-to-date on the surface, but shiny new finishes can sometimes mask substandard work.
Finally, flipped properties are rarely advertised as such. Therefore, it is crucial to work with aknowledgeable real estate agent. ____70____When he tours a house that he suspects is being flipped, he'll check who owned the home previously, and will reach out to other agents in his network to see if anyone has experience buying from them.
参考答案：67. C 68. A 69. F 70. B
卷04：2023年上海市金山区高三一模
Strengthen Bonds With Your New Pet
Welcoming a new pet can be a magical moment for a lot of families. Unfortunately, many new pet owners struggle to bond with them. The following steps may help.
This should go without saying but spending time with your pets can greatly help you form a strong relationship. Pets love to be included in every activity of their humans, whatever the activities are. ___67___ Cats love playing with yarn (纱线) balls and fishing pole toys. Dogs are outgoing and usually love playing games with tennis balls such as fetch. So it’s also important to learn what type of play your pet enjoys.
Most people forget that training and teaching them tricks is a healthy outlet as well.___68___ Whether you’re teaching them simple commands like ‘sit’ or something more complex like ‘turn around’ or ‘bow’, they’re sure to enjoy your company and will love you all the more for your attention, company and praises. Pets also love being rewarded with treats. ___69___ Moreover, when they begin to anticipate treats for good behaviour, they are more likely to be on their best behaviour, further making you and your pets grow closer.
One more thing to notice is that taking care of a pet can be a wonderful experience and also be quite frustrating. For new pet owners, it can be confusing, especially if you don’t understand what your pet needs or wants at any given time. ___70___ This might take a day or two, or might take months. But eventually, you will reap what you sow.
A. Training will ease your annoyance as your pets tend to obey more and behave better.
B. Giving them an extra piece of chicken for a job well done is essential for a strong relationship.
C. They usually communicate through body language so you need to pay attention to them.
D. You should always learn to be patient and accept that there will be a period of adjustment.
E. But playtime is still a necessary and effective activity to share fun moments together.
F. The Internet is a good place to figure out how you can train them efficiently.
【答案】67. E 68. A 69. B 70. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何和宠物建立更强的联系。
【67题详解】
根据上文“This should go without saying but spending time with your pets can greatly help you form a strong relationship. Pets love to be included in every activity of their humans, whatever the activities are.(这应该是不言而喻的，但花时间和你的宠物在一起可以极大地帮助你建立牢固的关系。宠物喜欢参与主人的每一项活动，无论活动是什么)”以及后文“Cats love playing with yarn (纱线) balls and fishing pole toys. Dogs are outgoing and usually love playing games with tennis balls such as fetch. So it’s also important to learn what type of play your pet enjoys.(猫喜欢玩纱线球和鱼竿玩具。狗是外向的，通常喜欢玩网球游戏，比如捡球。所以了解你的宠物喜欢什么类型的游戏也很重要)”可知，后文提到了宠物爱玩的物品和游戏，可知本句提到了游戏活动。故E选项“但游戏时间仍然是一种必要和有效的活动，可以一起分享快乐的时刻”符合语境，故选E。
【68题详解】
根据上文“Most people forget that training and teaching them tricks is a healthy outlet as well.(大多数人忘记了训练和教它们技巧也是一种健康的发泄方式)”以及后文“Whether you’re teaching them simple commands like ‘sit’ or something more complex like ‘turn around’ or ‘bow’, they’re sure to enjoy your company and will love you all the more for your attention, company and praises.(无论你是教它们简单的指令，比如“坐下”，还是更复杂的指令，比如“转身”或“鞠躬”，它们肯定会喜欢你的陪伴，并且会因为你的关注、陪伴和赞美而更加爱你)”可知，本句承接上文继续说明训练对宠物的好处。故A选项“训练会减轻你的烦恼，因为你的宠物会更听话，表现得更好”符合语境，故选A。
【69题详解】
根据上文“Pets also love being rewarded with treats.(宠物也喜欢得到奖励)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明该给宠物什么样的奖励。故B选项“如果他们工作做得好，给他们一块额外的鸡肉是建立牢固关系的必要条件”符合语境，故选B。
【70题详解】
根据上文“For new pet owners, it can be confusing, especially if you don’t understand what your pet needs or wants at any given time.(对于新宠物主人来说，这可能会令人困惑，特别是如果你不知道你的宠物在任何时候需要什么或想要什么)”可知，本句主要对如何对待新宠物提出建议。故D选项“你应该学会有耐心，接受会有一段调整期”符合语境，故选D。
卷05：2023年上海市闵行区高三一模
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The Meaning and Power of Smell
A survey revealed that smell can cause strong emotional responses. A smell connected with a good experience can please us, while an odour (气味) bonded with a bad memory may disgust (使恶心) us. ____47____ Such associations can be so powerful that odours generally labelled unpleasant become agreeable, and those generally considered sweet become disagreeable for particular individuals.
____48____ One respondent believes there is no true emotional bonding without smelling a loved one. Infants recognize their mothers’ odours soon after birth. Individuals were able to distinguish by the smell alone clothing worn by their partners from similar clothing worn by other people.
Despite its importance to our emotional and sensory lives, smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures. While our olfactory (嗅觉的) powers are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals, they are remarkably sensitive. ____49____
Odours, unlike colours, can’t be named in many languages because the specific vocabulary simply doesn’t exist. “It smells like ...,” we have to say when describing an odour, struggling to express our olfactory experience. Nor can odours be recorded: there is no effective way to capture or store them over time. ____50____ Smells considered offensive in some cultures may be acceptable in others. Therefore, our sense of smell is a means of interacting with the world. The study of the cultural history of smell is indeed an investigation into the essence of human culture.
A. Odours are also essential signals in social bonding.
B. Besides, odours are granted different cultural values.
C. Human’s perception of smell facilitates the spread of human culture.
D. Our noses can perceive odours present in extremely small quantities.
E. Many respondents noted many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional links.
F. Some respondents’ preference for a particular odour was influenced by emotional associations.
【答案】47. E 48. A 49. D 50. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项调查显示，气味可以引起强烈的情绪反应。与美好经历联系在一起的气味会让我们感到愉悦，而与糟糕记忆联系在一起的气味可能会让我们感到厌恶。解释了嗅觉的意义和力量。
【47题详解】
根据后文“Such associations can be so powerful that odours generally labelled unpleasant become agreeable, and those generally considered sweet become disagreeable for particular individuals.(这种联系是如此强大，以至于通常被认为不愉快的气味变得令人愉快，而那些通常被认为是甜的气味对特定的人来说变得不愉快)”可知，后文提到了某种联系的强大影响，可知本句是在说明这种联系是指什么：对嗅觉的好恶有很多是基于情感联系。故E选项“许多受访者指出，他们对嗅觉的好恶有很多是基于情感联系”符合语境，故选E。
【48题详解】
根据后文“One respondent believes there is no true emotional bonding without smelling a loved one. Infants recognize their mothers’ odours soon after birth. Individuals were able to distinguish by the smell alone clothing worn by their partners from similar clothing worn by other people.(一位受访者认为，如果没有闻到爱人的气味，就没有真正的情感联系。婴儿在出生后不久就能认出母亲的气味。个体仅凭气味就能分辨出伴侣穿的衣服和其他人穿的相似的衣服)”可知，本段的主旨是气味可以帮助人分辨社会关系。故A选项“气味也是社会关系的重要信号”符合语境，故选A。
【49题详解】
根据上文“Despite its importance to our emotional and sensory lives, smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures. While our olfactory (嗅觉的) powers are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals, they are remarkably sensitive.(尽管嗅觉对我们的情感和感官生活很重要，但在许多文化中，它可能是最被低估的感觉。虽然我们的嗅觉能力远不如某些动物的灵敏，但它们却非常敏感)”可知，本句承接上文具体说明鼻子敏感的表现：可以感知极少量的气味。故D选项“我们的鼻子可以感知极少量的气味”符合语境，故选D。
【50题详解】
根据后文“Smells considered offensive in some cultures may be acceptable in others. Therefore, our sense of smell is a means of interacting with the world. The study of the cultural history of smell is indeed an investigation into the essence of human culture.(在某些文化中被认为令人不快的气味在另一些文化中可能是可以接受的。因此，我们的嗅觉是与世界互动的一种手段。对气味的文化史的研究实际上是对人类文化本质的研究)”可知，后文主要补充说明了气味在某些文化中的价值体现。故B选项“此外，气味被赋予了不同的文化价值”符合语境，故选B。
卷06：2023年上海市松江区高三一模
Social Masking
Amanda is always an expert at working the room. She would adopt the manner of the people around her to fit in while hiding her true personality. This is social masking, the process of hiding your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted. ____47____Instead, they are hoping to fit in with everybody else. Social masking is a set of learned pattern-matching behaviors, movements and actions where you try to be normal to fit in rather than stand out.
____48____People all wear certain social masks in order to get through some tricky life situations with confidence, according to Dr. Tara Quinn-Cirillo. And some experts even think social masking is built in all human beings at a physical level, adding that something in our brain gives indications of how to essentially stay safe and not stick out.
In a world that often tells us to just be ourselves, you might wonder why we are still dependent on these social masking behaviors. “Social masking happens because we as a species want to be included,” says Tara. “It has been a tribal thing of being together rather than being on our own, from a historical perspective. ____49____”
There is a huge difference between naturally identifying with someone and consciously social masking.____50____Social masking, on the other hand, involves a conscious effort to change your personality to suit your surroundings. It typically involves depressing your natural urges and changing your personal interests to fit the crowd.
A. Social maskers do not try hard to match other people in pace and tone.
B. Social masking is something we all engage in to some extent.
C. Social maskers are not trying to fox anyone.
D. When we are in natural identification with someone, it happens naturally, and there is very little effort involved.
E. It’s adopted by people unable to naturally act in a way considered socially acceptable.
F. That is, it’s an ancient part of our evolution to socialize, rather than be anti-social or a misfit.
【答案】47. C 48. E 49. F 50. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是社交伪装，社交伪装的作用以及意义等。
【47题详解】
根据上文“Amanda is always an expert at working the room. She would adopt the manner of the people around her to fit in while hiding her true personality. This is social masking, the process of hiding your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted.(阿曼达在整理房间方面总是很在行。她会模仿周围人的举止来适应，同时隐藏自己的真实个性。这是社会伪装，隐藏你与他人互动的自然方式，这样你就会感到被接受)”以及后文“Instead, they are hoping to fit in with everybody else. Social masking is a set of learned pattern-matching behaviors, movements and actions where you try to be normal to fit in rather than stand out.(相反，他们希望能和其他人打成一片。社会伪装是一套习得的模式匹配行为，动作和行动，你试图成为正常的，以适应而不是脱颖而出)”可知，后文指出了社会伪装者的真实意图，可知本句是在说明与后文“希望能和其他人打成一片”相反的观点：想要欺骗任何人。故C选项“社交伪装者并不是想要欺骗任何人”符合语境，故选C。
【48题详解】
根据本段内容“People all wear certain social masks in order to get through some tricky life situations with confidence, according to Dr. Tara Quinn-Cirillo. And some experts even think social masking is built in all human beings at a physical level, adding that something in our brain gives indications of how to essentially stay safe and not stick out.(根据塔拉·奎因-西里洛博士的说法，人们都戴着一定的社交面具，以便自信地度过一些棘手的生活状况。一些专家甚至认为，社会面具是在所有人的身体层面上建立的，并补充说，我们大脑中的某些东西给出了如何基本上保持安全而不引人注目的指示)”可知，本段主要说明了人们社交伪装的原因之一是为了度过困境。故E选项“它被那些不能按照社会公认的方式自然行事的人所采用”符合语境，故选E。
【49题详解】
根据上文“In a world that often tells us to just be ourselves, you might wonder why we are still dependent on these social masking behaviors. “Social masking happens because we as a species want to be included,” says Tara. “It has been a tribal thing of being together rather than being on our own, from a historical perspective.(在一个经常告诉我们做自己的世界里，你可能想知道为什么我们仍然依赖于这些社会掩饰行为。塔拉说：“社会伪装之所以发生，是因为我们作为一个物种想要被包括在内。从历史的角度来看，这是一个部落的事情，我们在一起，而不是独自一人)”可知，上文提到了我们不是独自一个人，而是一个群体，故本句进行进一步解释说明：社会化是我们进化的一个古老部分，而不是反社会或格格不入。故F选项“也就是说，社会化是我们进化的一个古老部分，而不是反社会或格格不入”符合语境，故选F。
【50题详解】
根据上文“There is a huge difference between naturally identifying with someone and consciously social masking.(在自然地认同某人和有意识的社会伪装之间存在着巨大的差异)”以及后文“Social masking, on the other hand, involves a conscious effort to change your personality to suit your surroundings. It typically involves depressing your natural urges and changing your personal interests to fit the crowd.(另一方面，社会伪装涉及到有意识地改变你的个性以适应你的环境。它通常包括抑制你的自然冲动，改变你的个人兴趣以适应人群)”可知，本句是在解释自然认同和社会伪装之间的差异，故D选项“当我们与某人产生自然的认同时，它会很自然地发生，几乎不需要付出什么努力”符合语境，故选D。
卷07：2023年上海市杨浦区高三一模
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
How to Travel in Time
The term “NOSTALGIA”(怀旧)used to describe a mental disease. The “algia” bit means “pain”, and the word was coined by a 17th-century doctor treating homesick soldiers, whose symptoms included hallucinations(幻觉)and depression.____47____And it’s a great example of the benefits of a strong memory — choosing to recapture moments from the past to enjoy them all over again.
As evidence, a recent report highlighted the increase in old songs being streamed on Spotify during lockdown. It seems that we found strength in musical memories of happier times.____48____Because memory skills can take you into the future, too — bringing a whole new set of rewards.
In another pandemic experiment, people wrote letters to their future selves, and found that they improved their mood by imagining themselves safely on the other side of COVID-19. Here are my tips for becoming a confident time traveller yourself:
*To reawaken happy feelings, use all your senses—not just sight. Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity. If you find a memory that’s particularly helpful — for reassurance, say — keep using it！____49____
* When you’re procrastinating(拖延), visualise an end result. Flash forward to see the floor swept or the essay finished, and use that positive image to spur you into action.
* Ahead of major challenges, imagine the full impact of success. Don’t just picture yourself getting that great job: fill your mind with the really big ways it’s going to change your life.
____50____But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now.
A. There’ll still be times when old thoughts cause sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next.
B. The usefulness of nostalgia seems to vary with age.
C. Today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia.
D. You’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time.
E. The answer lies in connecting with your past and future selves.
F. But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”.
【答案】47. C 48. F 49. D 50. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了以前怀旧被视为一种精神疾病，但是现在人们对怀旧有了更加积极的态度。并给出了一些建议， 教人们如何善于利用自己的记忆来创造美好的未来。
【47题详解】
根据上文“The term “NOSTALGIA”(怀旧)used to describe a mental disease.(在过去，“怀旧”一词用来描述精神疾病)”以及下文“And it’s a great example of the benefits of a strong memory — choosing to recapture moments from the past to enjoy them all over again.(并且这是一个很好的例子，说明了强大记忆力的好处——选择重新捕捉过去的时光来再一次享受他们)”可知，空格处应描述如今人们对怀旧的态度；选项C. Today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia.(如今我们对怀旧有了更加积极的态度)与上文形成对比，并引出下文，且句中“Today”对应上文中的“used to”。故选C。
【48题详解】
根据上文“It seems that we found strength in musical memories of happier times.(我们似乎在快乐时光的音乐记忆中找到了力量)”以及下文“Because memory skills can take you into the future, too — bringing a whole new set of rewards.(因为记忆技能也可以带你进入未来——带来一系列全新的奖励) ”可知，空格处应引出下文，描述与上文不一样的研究——想象未来影响当下的情绪，即，“逆向”时光旅行；选项F. But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”.(但是也有越来越多的关于“逆向”时光旅行的研究)，句中“But”与上文形成转折关系，“time travel “the other way””对应下文“take you into the future”。故选F。
【49题详解】
根据上文“To reawaken happy feelings, use all your senses—not just sight. Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity. If you find a memory that’s particularly helpful — for reassurance, say — keep using it(为了唤醒开心的感觉，请使用你所有的感官——不仅仅是视觉。嗅觉，味觉，触觉以及听觉都同样会帮助你清晰地重现过去。如果你找到一个特别有帮助的记忆——比如说，能让你得到安慰——那就坚持使用它)”可知，空格处应描述坚持利用记忆的好处；选项D. You’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time.(你会越来越快地找到它，并且每次增加更多的细节层次)描述坚持使用记忆的好处，且句中“it”对应上文“a memory that’s particularly helpful”。故选D。
【50题详解】
空格处位于本段段首，应引出下文；根据下文“But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now.(但是你越是学会控制你的记忆，你就能更好地挖掘你的过去并塑造你的未来，成为现在最好的自己)”可知，空格处应描述利用记忆的过程中会遇到的的困难；选项A. There’ll still be times when old thoughts cause sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next.(有时旧的想法仍然会引起悲伤，或者你会对接下来会发生什么感到焦虑)描述了利用记忆的过程中遇到的困难。故选A。
卷08：2023年上海市长宁区高三一模
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Hello, everyone!
Are you worried about crime I am. We read it every day in the newspapers. A terrible crime has been committed, and the police have arrested someone. He has appeared in court and claimed his innocence but has been found guilty of his crime and he has been sentenced to ten years in prison. ____47____ Innocent citizens like you and me can sleep more safely at night.
But what happens next We all hope the prisoner will benefit from society’s retribution. A spell (一阵子) in prison will reform him and make him a better person. We all hope he’ll reform and become like us. We all hope that when he is eventually released, he will be a good character. ____48____ But, let’s face it. The reality is usually very different. The prisoner may be released on parole (假释) before the end of his sentence. He will try to re-enter society. But then he often becomes a victim himself, unable to find work and is rejected by society. ____49____
So what can we do to make sure the offender doesn’t commit another crime Of course, there are alternatives to prison, such as community service or he can pay a large fine. Alternatively, we could establish a more severe system of punishment.
The answer is far simpler. We need to be tough not on the criminal, but on the cause of the crime. We should spend less of the taxpayer’s money in funding the judges and all the other people who are working for the legal system. ____50____ We in the ConLab Party believe that everybody needs a good chance in life, and this is a good step forward.
Vote for us now!
A. It will not be long before he’s back in prison again.
B. We’re all relieved that the criminal is being punished for his misdeeds.
C. Community service is likely to turn prisoners into better persons.
D. Offenders are tried and sentenced according to the legal system.
E. The threat of another spell in jail will stop him from breaking the law again.
F. Put the money into supporting deprived areas which are the grounds for crime.
【答案】47. B 48. E 49. A 50. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了虽然普通人对进入监狱的罪犯有美好的期待，期望他们回归社会后可以洗心革面，但事实并非如此，他们很有可能因为回归社会的困难而再次犯罪入狱，因此解决犯罪问题的方法应该从犯罪原因入手，改善贫困问题，让每个人都有好机会去生活。
【47题详解】
前文“A terrible crime has been committed, and the police have arrested someone. He has appeared in court and claimed his innocence but has been found guilty of his crime and he has been sentenced to ten years in prison. (发生了一起可怕的罪行，警察逮捕了一个人。他出现在法庭上，声称自己是无辜的，但他被判有罪，并被判处十年监禁)”叙述发生犯罪后罪犯被判入狱，后文“Innocent citizens like you and me can sleep more safely at night. (像你我这样的无辜市民晚上可以睡得更安稳)”描述普通人对此的感受。因此B项“We’re all relieved that the criminal is being punished for his misdeeds. (我们都松了一口气，罪犯因他的罪行而受到惩罚)”符合语境，同样描述普通人的心理感受，承前启后。故选B。
【48题详解】
前文“We all hope the prisoner will benefit from society’s retribution. A spell (一阵子) in prison will reform him and make him a better person. We all hope he’ll reform and become like us. We all hope that when he is eventually released, he will be a good character. (我们都希望犯人能从社会的惩罚中获益。在监狱里呆一段时间会改造他，使他成为一个更好的人。我们都希望他会改过自新，变得像我们一样。我们都希望当他最终被释放时，他会是一个好人)”描述人们对被惩罚过的罪犯的美好期待，后文“But, let’s face it. The reality is usually very different. (但是，让我们面对现实吧。现实通常是截然不同的)”说明实际情况并非如人们所期待的那样。因此E项“The threat of another spell in jail will stop him from breaking the law again. (再次入狱的威胁会阻止他再次违法)”符合语境，同样是人们的美好期待，承接前文，和后文形成转折。故选E。
【49题详解】
前文“The prisoner may be released on parole (假释) before the end of his sentence. He will try to re-enter society. But then he often becomes a victim himself, unable to find work and is rejected by society. (犯人可以在刑期届满前获得假释。他将努力重返社会。但他自己也常常成为受害者，找不到工作，被社会排斥)”描述犯人获得假释后重返社会的困难。因此A项“It will not be long before he’s back in prison again. (过不了多久他就会再次入狱)”符合语境，指出犯人很有可能会再次犯罪入狱，承接前文。故选A。
【50题详解】
前文“We need to be tough not on the criminal, but on the cause of the crime. We should spend less of the taxpayer’s money in funding the judges and all the other people who are working for the legal system. (我们需要的不是对罪犯强硬，而是对犯罪的原因强硬。我们应该少花纳税人的钱给法官和其他为司法系统工作的人)”表示应从犯罪的原因入手，解决犯罪问题。因此F项“Put the money into supporting deprived areas which are the grounds for crime. (把钱投入到支持贫困地区，这些地区是犯罪的温床)”符合语境，提出具体的解决方法，承接前文。故选F。
卷09：2023年上海市黄浦区高三一模
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Do I even want them On whose clock B. Why should you challenge that secret timeline of milestones in your head C. This time, quitting her job led to her first album, television appearances and sold-out shows. D. Instead of feeling pressure to hit life events on someone else’s timeline, maybe it’s fine to make our own. E. People are feeling like they’re falling behind, when in fact they’re probably doing exactly what they should. F. She spent years feeling like an outsider and failure as she watched her peers rise in school and work, figuring she’d never catch up.
Defining Success on Your Own Terms
“You go to college right out of high school. That’s the rule, right ” says Nikki Ivey, a sales trainer and consultant outside Jacksonville, Fla. However, it’s not the case for her. Actually, she got her undergraduate degree at 28. __67__
One by one, she missed the milestones she’d envisioned in some imaginary dream life: earning six figures by 30, buying a house by 35. Then she hit one—attaining a high-level executive position in a company. She didn’t love the job. She did love sitting around the dinner table laughing with her kids. “__68__” she asked herself. She ended up leaving the job, and started to wonder about all those milestones.
Danielle Ponder had a career as a lawyer before dedicating herself to singing full time. Working as a public defender in Rochester, N.Y., Danielle Ponder would frequently Google, “Did anyone make it after the age of 35 ” At one point, she quit her day job, only to return a year and a half later, due to the pandemic and disappointing bookings. On the last day of 2021, five days before her 40th birthday, she tried again. __69__ “I don’t know if I could survive this happening to me at 19,” she says. She thinks her insecure teen self wouldn’t have handled the stress of the public eye well.
It can be hard to make a transition later in life. __70__
【答案】 67.F 68. A 69.C 70.D
【导读】【文章大意】本文探讨了人们如何在自己的时间轴上定义成功，而不是按照社会的标准。作者介绍了两个人的故事，一个得到了高管职位却不满意，另一个在40岁之前转型成为歌手。最后，作者建议读者不要按照别人的时间轴来生活，而是为自己制定目标。
F. 她花了很多年感觉自己像一个局外人和失败者，看着她的同龄人在学校和工作中崭露头角，她觉得自己永远赶不上他们的步伐。（根据前文“她花了很多年感觉自己像一个局外人和失败者，看着她的同龄人在学校和工作中崭露头角，她觉得自己永远赶不上他们的步伐。”可知，这是Danielle Ponder的故事，她曾经感觉自己落后于同龄人的步伐。因此，答案为F。）
A. 我是否真的需要它们？按照谁的时间表？（根据前文“‘我是否真的需要它们？按照谁的时间表？’她问自己。她最终离开了这份工作，并开始怀疑所有那些里程碑。”可知，Nikki Ivey曾经在想自己是否真正需要这些所谓的里程碑，并开始质疑自己内心的想法。因此，答案为A。）
C. 这一次，辞职让她发行了第一张专辑，出现在电视节目中，并有了售罄的演出。（根据后文“This time, quitting her job led to her first album, television appearances and sold-out shows.”可知，这是Danielle Ponder的故事，她在40岁之前成为了一名歌手。因此，答案为C。）
D. 与其感受到按照别人的时间轴来生活的压力，不如为自己制定目标。（根据后文“Instead of feeling pressure to hit life events on someone else’s timeline, maybe it’s fine to make our own.”可知，作者建议读者们不要按照社会给出的时间轴来生活，而应该制定自己的目标。因此，答案为D。）
卷10：2023年上海市静安区高三一模
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. In the end, it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity.
B. Doppelg ngers will also have some of the same DNA as you.
C. To enter your workplace, you likely need to be recognizable.
D. Why are people interested in finding their possible doppelgangers
E. Eventually, discovering a person's doppelg nger might widen trust boundaries.
F. A doppelg nger was said to be a spirit-double that copied every human and beast on earth.
What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you Would it be a good thing And if you did have one, would you want to meet them
Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you. Your passport, ID card and driving license all feature your face. 67 You may need your face to unlock your smartphone and possibly even need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene.
The word ‘doppelg nger’ refers to a person who looks the same as you, essentially sharing your features; those that you thought were unique to you and your identity. Not identical twins, as a doppelg nger has no relation to you. The idea originated in German folklore. 68
So, let's get real. What are the chances of you having one in the first place There's said to be a one in 135 chance of an exact match for you existing anywhere in the world, so the chances are pretty low, despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise. And the chances of meeting The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion.
That said, these statistics may be a good thing. Historically, having a double wasn't always a positive. Back in 1999, an innocent American man, indistinguishable from the real criminal, was sent to prison for robbery, where he stayed for 19 years. 69 . In a different case, a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelg nger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity!
70 The fascination with doppelg ngers may be rooted in historical beliefs that facial resemblance meant they were from the same family or had a common ancestor. It leads to the hope that one day you will meet your lookalike, creating the thrill of a potentially strange meeting. However, as these encounters can be both interesting and disturbing, we understand that after such an experience, you might not want to meet your doppelg nger again.
【答案】67-70 CFAD
卷11：2023年上海市崇明区高三一模
Nightly Sleep Is Key to Student Success
For young adults, college is a time of transition. It may be the first time students have the freedom to determine how to spend their time, but this freedom comes with competing interests from academics, social events and even sleep.
A multi-institutional team of researchers conducted the first study to evaluate how the duration of nightly sleep early in the semester affects first year college students’ end-of-semester grade point average (GPA). Using sleep trackers, they found that students on average sleep 6.5 hours a night, but negative outcomes built up when students received less than six hours of sleep a night. ___67___
David Creswell, the William S. Dietrich II Professor in Psychology and Neuroscience at the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, led a team of researchers to evaluate the relationship between sleep and GPA.
“Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory,” said Creswell. “___68___ The less nightly sleep a first-year college student gets at the beginning of the school term predicts lower GPA at the end of the term. Lack of sleep may be hurting students’ ability to learn in their college classrooms.”
___69___ The researchers found that students who receive less than six hours of sleep experienced a pronounced decline in academic performance. In addition, each hour of sleep lost corresponded to (相对应) a 0.07 decrease in end-of-term GPA.
“Once you start dropping below six hours, you are starting to add massive sleep debt that can harm a student’s health and study habits, damaging the whole system,” said Creswell. “___70___”
“A popular belief among college students is valuing studying more or partying more over nightly sleep,” said Creswell. “Our work here suggests that there are potentially real costs to reducing your nightly sleep on your ability to learn and achieve in college. There’s real value in budgeting for the importance of nightly sleep.”
A. Here we show how this work translates to humans.
B. Many college students experience irregular and insufficient sleep.
C. The study evaluated more than 600 first-year students across five studies at three universities.
D. Most surprising to me was that no matter what we did to make the effect go away, it persisted.
E. The results are available in the Feb. 13 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
F. Total nightly sleep is a potentially important and underappreciated behavior supporting academic achievement.
【答案】67. E 68. A 69. C 70. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现夜间睡眠是学生取得优异成绩的关键。
【67题详解】
上文“Using sleep trackers, they found that students on average sleep 6.5 hours a night, but negative outcomes built up when students received less than six hours of sleep a night.(使用睡眠跟踪器，他们发现学生平均每晚睡眠6.5小时，但当学生每晚睡眠少于6小时时，负面结果就会积累起来。)”介绍了研究结果，空处也应是围绕研究结果来介绍，E项“研究结果发表在2月13日的《美国国家科学院院刊》上。”符合，故选E。
【68题详解】
上文““Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory,” said Creswell.(“动物研究表明睡眠对学习和记忆是多么重要，”Creswell 说)”可知，对动物的研究表明睡眠对学习和记忆很重要，下文“The less nightly sleep a first-year college student gets at the beginning of the school term predicts lower GPA at the end of the term. Lack of sleep may be hurting students’ ability to learn in their college classrooms.(大学一年级学生在学期开始时睡眠时间越少，学期结束时的平均绩点就越低。缺乏睡眠可能会损害学生在大学课堂上学习的能力。)”介绍了对于人而言，睡眠对学习和记忆也很重要，A项“这里我们展示这项工作如何影响人类。”符合，引起下文，故选A。
【69题详解】
下文“The researchers found that students who receive less than six hours of sleep experienced a pronounced decline in academic performance. (研究人员发现，睡眠时间少于6小时的学生，其学习成绩明显下降。)”介绍了研究发现，空处应该是介绍研究对象等，C项“这项研究对三所大学的五项研究中的600多名一年级学生进行了评估。”符合，故选C。
【70题详解】
上文““Once you start dropping below six hours, you are starting to add massive sleep debt that can harm a student’s health and study habits, damaging the whole system,” said Creswell. (克雷斯威尔说：“一旦你的睡眠时间降到6小时以下，你就开始增加大量的睡眠债务，这会损害学生的健康和学习习惯，破坏整个系统。”)”指出睡眠不足会损害学生的健康和学习习惯，破坏整个系统。空处也应是介绍睡眠不足的危害，D项“最令我惊讶的是，无论我们采取什么措施来消除这种影响，它仍然存在。”符合，承接上文，进一步描述睡眠不足的危害，故选D。
卷12：2023年上海市青浦区高三一模
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. They desire genuineness while constantly immersed in a digital world. B. TikTok’s user-generated videos can lead even tiny brands to speedy viral fame. C. The lifestyle of the “moonlight clan” has made many young people feel overwhelmed. D. Easy access to means of spreading payments may encourage spending money like water. E. A heightened expectation of convenience comes with being raised in the age of Amazon. F. These “always-on purchasers” often shift from a weekly shop to quicker fixes of everything from fashion to furniture.
How Young Americans Spend Their Money
Young people have always puzzled their elders. Today’s youngsters are no different; indeed, they are confusing. They have thin wallets and expensive tastes. They prize convenience and a social conscience. They want shopping to be personal. ____67____ As they start spending in earnest, brands are trying to understand what these walking paradoxes with conflicting features want and how they shop. The answers will define the next era of consumerism.
Their absolute numbers are impressive. The European Union is home to nearly 125m people between the ages of ten (the youngest will become consumers in the next few years) and 34. America has another 110m of these Gen-Zs and millennials, a third of the population. The annual spending of households headed by American Gen-Zs and millennials hit $2.7trn in 2021, around 30% of the total.
____68____ Forrester, a market-research firm, found that most users of “buy now, pay later” apps are around 20. Megan Scott, a 20-year-old student from London, speaks for many of her peers by admitting that, when shopping, she has no self-control—until the bill arrives.
The light-speed online world also appears to have lowered tolerances for long delivery times. A study by Salesforce, a business-software giant, found that Gen-Z Americans, who prefer to use their phones to pay for shopping, are the likeliest of all age groups to want their groceries delivered within an hour. ____69____
The Internet has also changed how the young discover brands. Print, billboard or TV advertising has given way to social media. Instagram, part of Meta’s empire, and TikTok, a Chinese-owned app, are where the young look for inspiration, particularly for goods where looks matter such as fashion, beauty and sportswear. ____70____ Such apps are increasingly adding features that allow users to shop without ever leaving the platform. According to McKinsey, six in ten Americans under the age of 25 had completed a purchase on a social-media site.
答案:67-70 ADFB
卷13：2023年上海市浦东新区高三一模
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. They are culturally distant, and so have far less borrowed European vocabulary too. B. This more than anything else accounts for the difficulty of the language. C. Indeed, none of the hardest languages is written with the Latin alphabet used by most European languages. D. But foreign writing systems need not be difficult. E. The overall hardness of a language can be seen as the sum of the difficulty of its writing system, sounds, words and grammar. F. But just as hard is the problem of languages that make distinctions your language does not.
Which Languages Take the Longest to Learn
The difficulty in learning a foreign language lies not only in its inherent complexity. The main reason a language is hard is that it is different from your own. What underlies the difficulty of such languages for an English-speaker
The first thing many learners will think of is the writing system. _______67________ Chinese stands out for its difficulty. It is commonly said that a learner must memorize around 2,000 characters to be able to read a newspaper. But even this estimate is criticized. Someone with 2,000 characters will still have to look up unfamiliar ones in every few lines of text.
A second way languages can be hard is with sounds and distinctions that do not exist in the learner’s language. To an English-speaker, the novelties include the clicks of many African languages. _______68________ Mandarin and Cantonese have tones, meaning ma with an even pitch and ma with a falling one are different words.
The vocabulary obviously matters too. Most European languages share an ancestor (called proto-Indo-European) and so their words, too, often come in related pairs. If you know water in Spanish is agua, it is easy to figure out Italian acqua and English aquatic. Languages unrelated to the European ones (Arabic from the Semitic family, or Chinese from the Sino-Tibetan one) will not only lack the “genetic” overlap in vocabulary. _______69________
Finally there is grammar. Many people associate tricky grammar with long lists of endings that change according to a word’s use in a sentence. Many languages even feature an ending on verbs indicating how the speaker knows the information to be true.
_______70________ If you want to learn a language just for fun, start with Swedish. If you want to accumulate an impressive number, stay in Europe. But if you really want to impress, mastering Mandarin is the sign of the true linguistic Ironman.
参考答案:67-70 CFAE
卷14：2023年上海市奉贤区高三一模
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. While these villages possess undeniable fascination, many remain underdeveloped. B. This effort includes the knowledge exchange between the students and local villagers C. Both were selected for revitalization efforts led by the Village Revitalization Team. D. In Sukarara, a local tradition requires girls master weaving skills before marriage E. They decide to be a bridge between tradition and progress, united for their growth F. It's about preserving the cultural heritage and ensuring traditions being passed down
Students’ Journey to Empower Rural Heritage
From Aug. 18 to 22 a team of 15 Tsinghua University students, representing diverse backgrounds from China, South Korea, Malaysia, and Indonesia, set foot on an overseas research exploration focusing on rural revitalization(振兴) in Indonesian villages, particularly within Nusa Tenggara Barat(NTB).
With the diverse cultural heritage, Indonesia is home to over 83,000 villages, each radiating its own charm and character. 67
The research mission took the students to Sukarara and Sade villages, two of NTB's tourist destinations. 68 Sukarara and Sade are a world apart from the busy cities to which most of us are accustomed. The villages are a living test to Indonesia's rich culture and its devotion to preserving traditions. The Revitalizing these villages goes beyond mere economic development. 69 The weaving skills and architectural techniques of Sukarara and Sade villages are not only beautiful, but they are also an inseparable part to the identity of these communities. It's essential that they strike a balance between progress and preservation.
As the journey came to an end, the students carry with them not only the memories of their experiences there, but also the responsibility to make a positive impact on these remarkable places. 70 They are optimistic that Indonesian villages can experience meaningful development, ultimately leading to increased opportunities for employment and an improved quality of life.
【答案】67.A 68.C 69.F 70.E
【导读】这篇文章讲述了一支由清华大学学生组成的团队前往印度尼西亚的农村进行振兴研究的故事。文章指出，印度尼西亚拥有丰富的文化遗产，有超过83,000个村庄，每个村庄都有自己的魅力和特色。这些学生的研究使他们前往苏卡拉拉和萨德村庄，这两个村庄是NTB的旅游目的地之一。这些村庄不仅仅是经济发展的问题，而是关乎保护文化遗产和传承传统的问题。学生们希望能够成为传统和进步之间的桥梁，为这些村庄的发展做出积极的贡献，最终实现就业机会的增加和生活质量的提高。
【解析】
67. A. While these villages possess undeniable fascination, many remain underdeveloped. 虽然这些村庄具有不可否认的魅力，但许多村庄仍然发展不足。根据上下文，这句话强调了这些村庄的魅力，但也指出了它们的发展不足。
68.C. Both were selected for revitalization efforts led by the Village Revitalization Team. 这两个村庄都被村庄振兴团队选中进行振兴工作。根据上下文，这句话指出苏卡拉拉和萨德村庄都被选中进行振兴工作，这是学生们前往这些村庄的目的。
69.F. It's about preserving the cultural heritage and ensuring traditions being passed down. 这是关于保护文化遗产和确保传统传承的问题。根据上下文，这句话强调了振兴这些村庄不仅仅是经济发展的问题，还涉及到保护文化遗产和传承传统的重要性。
70.E. They decide to be a bridge between tradition and progress, united for their growth. 他们决定成为传统和进步之间的桥梁，为他们的成长而团结一致。根据上下文，这句话指出学生们决定成为传统和进步之间的桥梁，为这些村庄的发展做出积极的贡献。他们希望通过团结一致，为村庄的成长做出努力。
卷15：2023年上海市普陀区高三一模
Section C
A. While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability stressful. B. But in a new study researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain. C. In the future, with the deepening of brain science research, human beings will eventually unlock the secrets of the brain. D. This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering. E. When we obtain new information, the brain automatically attempts to make it into existing information by forming associations. F. The outside world is a judgment of the brain, but humans just don't realize it.
Is Human Brain Too Full
The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime's knowledge. But is there a point where it reaches capacity The answer is no, because brains are more complicated than that. Instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form. Previous behavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. (67) __________.
In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number (PIN). Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. (68) __________ And most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference.
(69) __________ When we search information, both relevant and irrelevant information will appear. The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.
A very small number of people arc able to remember almost every detail of their life. (70) __________ In a sense, forgetting is how our brains categorize memories, so the most relevant memories are ready to be taken out. Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn't become too full.
67-70 BDEA
卷16：2023年上海市徐汇区高三一模
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The rate of childhood obesity in the U.S. has tripled over the past 50 years. But what this trend means for children’s long-term health, and what to do about it (if anything), is not so clear.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) made waves this year by recommending that doctors put obese kids as young as two years old on intensive, family-oriented lifestyle and behavior plans. ___67___ This advice marks a shift from the organization’s previous stance of “watch and wait,” and it reflects the AAP’s belief that obesity is a disease and the group’s adoption of a more proactive position on childhood obesity.
Yet the lifestyle programs the AAP recommends are expensive, inaccessible to most children and hard to maintain — and the guidelines acknowledge these barriers. Few weight-loss drugs have been approved for older children, although many are used off-label. ___68___ And surgery, while becoming more common, has inherent risks and few long-term safety data — it could, for instance, cause nutritional deficits in growing children. Furthermore, it’s not clear whether interventions in youngsters help to improve health or merely add to the stigma overweight kids face from a fat-phobic society. This stigma can lead to mental health problems and eating disorders.
Rather than fixating on numbers on a scale, the U.S. and countries with similar trends should focus on an underlying truth: we need to invest in more and safer places for children to play where they can move and run around, climb and jump, ride and skate.
___69___In 2020 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found, unsurprisingly, that kids’ sports participation increases with their parents’ incomes: about 70 percent of kids whose families earn more than $105,000 a year participate in sports, but only 51 percent of middle-class kids and 31 percent of children at or below the poverty line do. This disparity hurts people of color the most. More than 60 percent of white children, for instance, participate in athletics, but only 42 percent of Black children and 47 percent of Hispanic children do. Experts blame these problems on the privatization of sports — as public investment in school-based athletics dwindles, expensive private leagues have grown, leaving many kids out.
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, children between ages six and 17 should get at least an hour of moderate to intense physical activity every day. Yet only 21 to 28 percent of U.S. kids meet this target, two government-sponsored surveys found. The nonprofit Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance evaluates physical activity in American children, and in 2022 the group gave the U.S. a grade of D–.
Why is it so hard to get kids moving In addition to fewer opportunities at school, researchers cite increased screen time, changing norms around letting kids play outdoors unsupervised, and a lack of safe places for them to play outside the home.
New York City, for example, had 2,067 public playgrounds as of 2019 — a “meager” amount for its large population, according to a report from the city comptroller — and inspectors found hazardous equipment at one quarter of them. In Los Angeles in 2015, only 33 percent of youths lived within walking distance of a park, according to the L.A. Neighborhood Land Trust. Lower-income neighborhoods tend to have the fewest public play spaces, despite often having a high population density. ___70___
Kids everywhere need more places to play: trails, skate parks and climbing walls, gardens and ball fields, bike paths and basketball courts. Vigorous public funding to build and keep up these areas is crucial, but other options such as shared-use agreements can make unused spaces available to the public.
A. Moving more may not prevent a child from becoming overweight, but studies show clearly that it helps both physical and mental health.
B. And although rural areas have more undeveloped outdoor space, they often lack playgrounds, tracks and exercise facilities
C. A lack of safe places for them to play outside the home also contributes to kids obesity.
D. It also suggested prescribing weight-loss drugs to children 12 and older and surgery to teens 13 and older.
E. Increased screen time and changing norms around letting kids play outdoors are unsupervised.
F. They have significant side effects for both kids and adults.
【答案】67. D 68. F 69. A 70. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述在过去的50年里，美国儿童肥胖率增加了两倍，美国儿科学会提出的建议难以实现，研究表明多运动有助于身心健康，因此需要投资更多、更安全的地方，让孩子们玩耍运动，文章还分析了孩子运动量减少的原因。
【67题详解】
根据下文“This advice marks a shift from the organization’s previous stance of ‘watch and wait,’ and it reflects the AAP’s belief that obesity is a disease and the group’s adoption of a more proactive position on childhood obesity.(这一建议标志着该组织之前‘观望和等待’的立场发生了转变，它反映了美国儿科学会认为肥胖是一种疾病，并在儿童肥胖问题上采取了更积极的立场)”可知，空处是关于对肥胖的治疗建议，D项“它还建议给12岁及以上的儿童开减肥药，给13岁及以上的青少年开手术”符合语境，故选D。
【68题详解】
上文“Few weight-loss drugs have been approved for older children, although many are used off-label.(很少有减肥药被批准用于年龄较大的儿童，尽管许多减肥药是在标签外使用的)”提到，很少有减肥药被批准用于年龄较大的儿童，F项“它们对儿童和成人都有明显的副作用”说明不批准减肥药用于儿童的原因，故选F。
【69题详解】
根据下文“In 2020 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found, unsurprisingly, that kids’ sports participation increases with their parents’ incomes: about 70 percent of kids whose families earn more than $105,000 a year participate in sports, but only 51 percent of middle-class kids and 31 percent of children at or below the poverty line do.(2020年，美国疾病控制与预防中心发现，孩子们的体育参与程度随着父母收入的增加而增加，这并不令人意外：年收入超过10.5万美元的家庭中，约有70%的孩子参加体育运动，但只有51%的中产阶级孩子和31%的处于贫困线或贫困线以下的孩子参加体育运动)”可知，本段是描述运动和肥胖之间的关系，A项“多运动也许不能防止孩子变胖，但研究清楚地表明，多运动有助于身心健康”符合语境。故选A。
【70题详解】
根据上一段末“and a lack of safe places for them to play outside the home(他们在家以外的范围缺乏安全的玩耍场所)”以及本段中“In Los Angeles in 2015, only 33 percent of youths lived within walking distance of a park, according to the L.A. Neighborhood Land Trust. Lower-income neighborhoods tend to have the fewest public play spaces, despite often having a high population density.(根据洛杉矶社区土地信托的数据，2015年，洛杉矶只有33%的年轻人住在步行可达的公园内。低收入社区往往拥有最少的公共游戏空间，尽管那里的人口密度通常很高)”可知，本段是对上一段提到的“孩子们在家以外的范围缺乏安全的玩耍场所”举例说明，B项“尽管农村地区有更多未开发的户外空间，但他们往往缺乏操场、跑道和锻炼设施”符合语境，故选B。专题07 六选四（答案版）
卷01：2023年上海市虹口区高三一模
卷02：2023年上海市宝山区高三一模
卷03：2023年上海市嘉定区高三一模
卷04：2023年上海市金山区高三一模
卷05：2023年上海市闵行区高三一模
卷06：2023年上海市松江区高三一模
卷07：2023年上海市杨浦区高三一模
卷08：2023年上海市长宁区高三一模
卷09：2023年上海市黄浦区高三一模
卷10：2023年上海市静安区高三一模
卷11：2023年上海市崇明区高三一模
卷12：2023年上海市青浦区高三一模
卷13：2023年上海市浦东新区高三一模
卷14：2023年上海市奉贤区高三一模
卷15：2023年上海市普陀区高三一模
卷16：2023年上海市徐汇区高三一模
卷01：2023年上海市虹口区高三一模
Why Do You Find It So Hard to Not Multitask
Most of us do multitasking almost daily. But it’s time to change that. Your attention is already being pulled in millions of directions daily, so you really don’t need to add multitasking to the list. Let’s take the smartphone for example. On average you check your phone 110 times a day — that means you’re spending 23 days every year glued to your smartphone! How productive do you think that makes you ___47___.
But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone. ___48___. This rush can also make you overly optimistic, which means you are less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes. Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not.
You can find healthier, more balanced dopamine releases through ticking things on your to-do list through mono-, or single-tasking too. Since our brains can only effectively focus on one thing at a time, this is the way for you to accomplish more in less time. Research has suggested you’re 50% quicker on average to accomplish a task if you monotask, and you’re also 50% less like to make errors. ___49___. You’ll also be able to appreciate things on a deeper level and get more enjoyment from them when you’re focused. If you’re chatting to a friend over coffee while checking your phone, you’re not making the most out of your time with your friend!
Now you’re probably desperate to find out how to get rid of this multiasking habit so you can find real productivity. There is no easy answer. You simply have to commit to it and have the self-discipline to stick to one task at a time. Just say to yourself: When I walk, I walk. When I talk to someone, I talk to someone.
When I read, I read. It’s as simple as that. ___50___. And like that, you’ve mastered monotasking.
A. Focus on the one thing you are doing.
B. Habits like these which encourage you to multitask make you mentally exhausted and unproductive.
C. Make sure that you also take breaks in your monotasking, because that' s what helps your brain to stay focused.
D. So it’s a win-win for everyone!
E. The little information we do take in when we' re multitasking is more difficult to remember at a later stage.
F. You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and further encourages your multitasking habit.
卷02：2023年上海市宝山区高三一模
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
But this technology can be dangerous as well. You just need to have some experience with technology as well as a proper computer. Therefore, AI technology will be used more and more wildly in the future. AI text-to-image generators will become as common and easy to use as Google image search. Rather, it will categorize every possible detail. Meanwhile, the generator can help people to recognize various information accurately.
Have you ever wondered what you would look like as a cartoon character or a marvel superhero With the power of artificial intelligence (AI) text-to-image generators, you can create images just like that - without any art skills. 67
How does it work
AI text-to-image generators are trained through a process called machine learning. In this process, the generator's "brain" is fed massive numbers of images and learns to distinguish what they are. But the generator doesn't just learn to tell the difference between a banana and a balloon.
68 These pixel-level details are then stored in a mathematical space. When someone gives the generator a text passage such as "Doraemon riding a white horse," the program uses algorithms (算法) to "think." Moments later, the program will create an entirely unique image that you requested.
Some artists worry that they are being replaced by this technology. But other artists like to cooperate with the generator, using its power for ideas and inspiration.
This powerful tool is now available to anyone through generators like Stable Diffusion and DALL-E. You can use them to create all kinds of imaginative images. 69
The dark side
Generators like Stable Diffusion are trained using images that are gathered from all over the internet. But the training process doesn't exclude (排除) images that are violent or inappropriate, so the generators "learn" those as well. The DALL-E program comes with built-in filters that prevent it from generating perverse (变态的) images. But Stable Diffusion is an open-source technology, meaning that people can modify its code and remove the content filters. Despite this, Stable Diffusion's founder Emad Mostaque remains optimistic about how people will use his generator. He says, "The bad stuff that people create ... will be a very, very small percentage of the total use."
For better or for worse， 70 But don't generate anything you'd be ashamed to show your mother！
卷03：2023年上海市嘉定区高三一模
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need
A. The key is to look for places where improvements were done poorly. B. An experienced agent is probably going to have a better eye than the buyer. C. Is buying one of these quick-turnaround properties a good idea D. Set aside money for any problems that may crop up or ask the seller to cover them. E. How do you know if the previous owner has moved out of the house F. Flippers sometimes skip getting permits for the work they do.
What to Know If Buying a Flipped House
House flipping is hardly new. For someone who is working in the real estate market, a flipped or recently renovated (翻新的)home can be very appealing. But how about you, the home-hunter _____67____
You certainly don't need to avoid flipped properties. A flipped property does have some strong selling points. A lot of its features and fixtures have been replaced or improved. Certainly, you'll save on the time and trouble of doing the renovation yourself. But there are some things to watch out for if you're considering buying one.
____68____For example, Alice recently toured a flipped house whose kitchen drawer was blocked by the refrigerator and the dishwasher wasn't installed correctly -things that would prevent people from being able to function in there. Addressing issues like these can become costly, especially if you haven't factored them into your budget.
Don't neglect your right to a professional inspection. ____69_____So getting an expert to go take a thorough look at the property is crucial, to make sure everything is up to code. It's going to be really important to do your sewer(下水道)and separate roof inspections. Flipped houses may seem up-to-date on the surface, but shiny new finishes can sometimes mask substandard work.
Finally, flipped properties are rarely advertised as such. Therefore, it is crucial to work with aknowledgeable real estate agent. ____70____When he tours a house that he suspects is being flipped, he'll check who owned the home previously, and will reach out to other agents in his network to see if anyone has experience buying from them.
卷04：2023年上海市金山区高三一模
Strengthen Bonds With Your New Pet
Welcoming a new pet can be a magical moment for a lot of families. Unfortunately, many new pet owners struggle to bond with them. The following steps may help.
This should go without saying but spending time with your pets can greatly help you form a strong relationship. Pets love to be included in every activity of their humans, whatever the activities are. ___67___ Cats love playing with yarn (纱线) balls and fishing pole toys. Dogs are outgoing and usually love playing games with tennis balls such as fetch. So it’s also important to learn what type of play your pet enjoys.
Most people forget that training and teaching them tricks is a healthy outlet as well.___68___ Whether you’re teaching them simple commands like ‘sit’ or something more complex like ‘turn around’ or ‘bow’, they’re sure to enjoy your company and will love you all the more for your attention, company and praises. Pets also love being rewarded with treats. ___69___ Moreover, when they begin to anticipate treats for good behaviour, they are more likely to be on their best behaviour, further making you and your pets grow closer.
One more thing to notice is that taking care of a pet can be a wonderful experience and also be quite frustrating. For new pet owners, it can be confusing, especially if you don’t understand what your pet needs or wants at any given time. ___70___ This might take a day or two, or might take months. But eventually, you will reap what you sow.
A. Training will ease your annoyance as your pets tend to obey more and behave better.
B. Giving them an extra piece of chicken for a job well done is essential for a strong relationship.
C. They usually communicate through body language so you need to pay attention to them.
D. You should always learn to be patient and accept that there will be a period of adjustment.
E. But playtime is still a necessary and effective activity to share fun moments together.
F. The Internet is a good place to figure out how you can train them efficiently.
卷05：2023年上海市闵行区高三一模
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The Meaning and Power of Smell
A survey revealed that smell can cause strong emotional responses. A smell connected with a good experience can please us, while an odour (气味) bonded with a bad memory may disgust (使恶心) us. ____47____ Such associations can be so powerful that odours generally labelled unpleasant become agreeable, and those generally considered sweet become disagreeable for particular individuals.
____48____ One respondent believes there is no true emotional bonding without smelling a loved one. Infants recognize their mothers’ odours soon after birth. Individuals were able to distinguish by the smell alone clothing worn by their partners from similar clothing worn by other people.
Despite its importance to our emotional and sensory lives, smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures. While our olfactory (嗅觉的) powers are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals, they are remarkably sensitive. ____49____
Odours, unlike colours, can’t be named in many languages because the specific vocabulary simply doesn’t exist. “It smells like ...,” we have to say when describing an odour, struggling to express our olfactory experience. Nor can odours be recorded: there is no effective way to capture or store them over time. ____50____ Smells considered offensive in some cultures may be acceptable in others. Therefore, our sense of smell is a means of interacting with the world. The study of the cultural history of smell is indeed an investigation into the essence of human culture.
A. Odours are also essential signals in social bonding.
B. Besides, odours are granted different cultural values.
C. Human’s perception of smell facilitates the spread of human culture.
D. Our noses can perceive odours present in extremely small quantities.
E. Many respondents noted many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional links.
F. Some respondents’ preference for a particular odour was influenced by emotional associations.
卷06：2023年上海市松江区高三一模
Social Masking
Amanda is always an expert at working the room. She would adopt the manner of the people around her to fit in while hiding her true personality. This is social masking, the process of hiding your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted. ____47____Instead, they are hoping to fit in with everybody else. Social masking is a set of learned pattern-matching behaviors, movements and actions where you try to be normal to fit in rather than stand out.
____48____People all wear certain social masks in order to get through some tricky life situations with confidence, according to Dr. Tara Quinn-Cirillo. And some experts even think social masking is built in all human beings at a physical level, adding that something in our brain gives indications of how to essentially stay safe and not stick out.
In a world that often tells us to just be ourselves, you might wonder why we are still dependent on these social masking behaviors. “Social masking happens because we as a species want to be included,” says Tara. “It has been a tribal thing of being together rather than being on our own, from a historical perspective. ____49____”
There is a huge difference between naturally identifying with someone and consciously social masking.____50____Social masking, on the other hand, involves a conscious effort to change your personality to suit your surroundings. It typically involves depressing your natural urges and changing your personal interests to fit the crowd.
A. Social maskers do not try hard to match other people in pace and tone.
B. Social masking is something we all engage in to some extent.
C. Social maskers are not trying to fox anyone.
D. When we are in natural identification with someone, it happens naturally, and there is very little effort involved.
E. It’s adopted by people unable to naturally act in a way considered socially acceptable.
F. That is, it’s an ancient part of our evolution to socialize, rather than be anti-social or a misfit.
卷07：2023年上海市杨浦区高三一模
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
How to Travel in Time
The term “NOSTALGIA”(怀旧)used to describe a mental disease. The “algia” bit means “pain”, and the word was coined by a 17th-century doctor treating homesick soldiers, whose symptoms included hallucinations(幻觉)and depression.____47____And it’s a great example of the benefits of a strong memory — choosing to recapture moments from the past to enjoy them all over again.
As evidence, a recent report highlighted the increase in old songs being streamed on Spotify during lockdown. It seems that we found strength in musical memories of happier times.____48____Because memory skills can take you into the future, too — bringing a whole new set of rewards.
In another pandemic experiment, people wrote letters to their future selves, and found that they improved their mood by imagining themselves safely on the other side of COVID-19. Here are my tips for becoming a confident time traveller yourself:
*To reawaken happy feelings, use all your senses—not just sight. Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity. If you find a memory that’s particularly helpful — for reassurance, say — keep using it！____49____
* When you’re procrastinating(拖延), visualise an end result. Flash forward to see the floor swept or the essay finished, and use that positive image to spur you into action.
* Ahead of major challenges, imagine the full impact of success. Don’t just picture yourself getting that great job: fill your mind with the really big ways it’s going to change your life.
____50____But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now.
A. There’ll still be times when old thoughts cause sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next.
B. The usefulness of nostalgia seems to vary with age.
C. Today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia.
D. You’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time.
E. The answer lies in connecting with your past and future selves.
F. But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”.
卷08：2023年上海市长宁区高三一模
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Hello, everyone!
Are you worried about crime I am. We read it every day in the newspapers. A terrible crime has been committed, and the police have arrested someone. He has appeared in court and claimed his innocence but has been found guilty of his crime and he has been sentenced to ten years in prison. ____47____ Innocent citizens like you and me can sleep more safely at night.
But what happens next We all hope the prisoner will benefit from society’s retribution. A spell (一阵子) in prison will reform him and make him a better person. We all hope he’ll reform and become like us. We all hope that when he is eventually released, he will be a good character. ____48____ But, let’s face it. The reality is usually very different. The prisoner may be released on parole (假释) before the end of his sentence. He will try to re-enter society. But then he often becomes a victim himself, unable to find work and is rejected by society. ____49____
So what can we do to make sure the offender doesn’t commit another crime Of course, there are alternatives to prison, such as community service or he can pay a large fine. Alternatively, we could establish a more severe system of punishment.
The answer is far simpler. We need to be tough not on the criminal, but on the cause of the crime. We should spend less of the taxpayer’s money in funding the judges and all the other people who are working for the legal system. ____50____ We in the ConLab Party believe that everybody needs a good chance in life, and this is a good step forward.
Vote for us now!
A. It will not be long before he’s back in prison again.
B. We’re all relieved that the criminal is being punished for his misdeeds.
C. Community service is likely to turn prisoners into better persons.
D. Offenders are tried and sentenced according to the legal system.
E. The threat of another spell in jail will stop him from breaking the law again.
F. Put the money into supporting deprived areas which are the grounds for crime.
卷09：2023年上海市黄浦区高三一模
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Do I even want them On whose clock B. Why should you challenge that secret timeline of milestones in your head C. This time, quitting her job led to her first album, television appearances and sold-out shows. D. Instead of feeling pressure to hit life events on someone else’s timeline, maybe it’s fine to make our own. E. People are feeling like they’re falling behind, when in fact they’re probably doing exactly what they should. F. She spent years feeling like an outsider and failure as she watched her peers rise in school and work, figuring she’d never catch up.
Defining Success on Your Own Terms
“You go to college right out of high school. That’s the rule, right ” says Nikki Ivey, a sales trainer and consultant outside Jacksonville, Fla. However, it’s not the case for her. Actually, she got her undergraduate degree at 28. __67__
One by one, she missed the milestones she’d envisioned in some imaginary dream life: earning six figures by 30, buying a house by 35. Then she hit one—attaining a high-level executive position in a company. She didn’t love the job. She did love sitting around the dinner table laughing with her kids. “__68__” she asked herself. She ended up leaving the job, and started to wonder about all those milestones.
Danielle Ponder had a career as a lawyer before dedicating herself to singing full time. Working as a public defender in Rochester, N.Y., Danielle Ponder would frequently Google, “Did anyone make it after the age of 35 ” At one point, she quit her day job, only to return a year and a half later, due to the pandemic and disappointing bookings. On the last day of 2021, five days before her 40th birthday, she tried again. __69__ “I don’t know if I could survive this happening to me at 19,” she says. She thinks her insecure teen self wouldn’t have handled the stress of the public eye well.
It can be hard to make a transition later in life. __70__
卷10：2023年上海市静安区高三一模
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. In the end, it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity.
B. Doppelg ngers will also have some of the same DNA as you.
C. To enter your workplace, you likely need to be recognizable.
D. Why are people interested in finding their possible doppelgangers
E. Eventually, discovering a person's doppelg nger might widen trust boundaries.
F. A doppelg nger was said to be a spirit-double that copied every human and beast on earth.
What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you Would it be a good thing And if you did have one, would you want to meet them
Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you. Your passport, ID card and driving license all feature your face. 67 You may need your face to unlock your smartphone and possibly even need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene.
The word ‘doppelg nger’ refers to a person who looks the same as you, essentially sharing your features; those that you thought were unique to you and your identity. Not identical twins, as a doppelg nger has no relation to you. The idea originated in German folklore. 68
So, let's get real. What are the chances of you having one in the first place There's said to be a one in 135 chance of an exact match for you existing anywhere in the world, so the chances are pretty low, despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise. And the chances of meeting The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion.
That said, these statistics may be a good thing. Historically, having a double wasn't always a positive. Back in 1999, an innocent American man, indistinguishable from the real criminal, was sent to prison for robbery, where he stayed for 19 years. 69 . In a different case, a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelg nger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity!
70 The fascination with doppelg ngers may be rooted in historical beliefs that facial resemblance meant they were from the same family or had a common ancestor. It leads to the hope that one day you will meet your lookalike, creating the thrill of a potentially strange meeting. However, as these encounters can be both interesting and disturbing, we understand that after such an experience, you might not want to meet your doppelg nger again.
67-70 CFAD
卷11：2023年上海市崇明区高三一模
Nightly Sleep Is Key to Student Success
For young adults, college is a time of transition. It may be the first time students have the freedom to determine how to spend their time, but this freedom comes with competing interests from academics, social events and even sleep.
A multi-institutional team of researchers conducted the first study to evaluate how the duration of nightly sleep early in the semester affects first year college students’ end-of-semester grade point average (GPA). Using sleep trackers, they found that students on average sleep 6.5 hours a night, but negative outcomes built up when students received less than six hours of sleep a night. ___67___
David Creswell, the William S. Dietrich II Professor in Psychology and Neuroscience at the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, led a team of researchers to evaluate the relationship between sleep and GPA.
“Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory,” said Creswell. “___68___ The less nightly sleep a first-year college student gets at the beginning of the school term predicts lower GPA at the end of the term. Lack of sleep may be hurting students’ ability to learn in their college classrooms.”
___69___ The researchers found that students who receive less than six hours of sleep experienced a pronounced decline in academic performance. In addition, each hour of sleep lost corresponded to (相对应) a 0.07 decrease in end-of-term GPA.
“Once you start dropping below six hours, you are starting to add massive sleep debt that can harm a student’s health and study habits, damaging the whole system,” said Creswell. “___70___”
“A popular belief among college students is valuing studying more or partying more over nightly sleep,” said Creswell. “Our work here suggests that there are potentially real costs to reducing your nightly sleep on your ability to learn and achieve in college. There’s real value in budgeting for the importance of nightly sleep.”
A. Here we show how this work translates to humans.
B. Many college students experience irregular and insufficient sleep.
C. The study evaluated more than 600 first-year students across five studies at three universities.
D. Most surprising to me was that no matter what we did to make the effect go away, it persisted.
E. The results are available in the Feb. 13 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
F. Total nightly sleep is a potentially important and underappreciated behavior supporting academic achievement.
卷12：2023年上海市青浦区高三一模
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. They desire genuineness while constantly immersed in a digital world. B. TikTok’s user-generated videos can lead even tiny brands to speedy viral fame. C. The lifestyle of the “moonlight clan” has made many young people feel overwhelmed. D. Easy access to means of spreading payments may encourage spending money like water. E. A heightened expectation of convenience comes with being raised in the age of Amazon. F. These “always-on purchasers” often shift from a weekly shop to quicker fixes of everything from fashion to furniture.
How Young Americans Spend Their Money
Young people have always puzzled their elders. Today’s youngsters are no different; indeed, they are confusing. They have thin wallets and expensive tastes. They prize convenience and a social conscience. They want shopping to be personal. ____67____ As they start spending in earnest, brands are trying to understand what these walking paradoxes with conflicting features want and how they shop. The answers will define the next era of consumerism.
Their absolute numbers are impressive. The European Union is home to nearly 125m people between the ages of ten (the youngest will become consumers in the next few years) and 34. America has another 110m of these Gen-Zs and millennials, a third of the population. The annual spending of households headed by American Gen-Zs and millennials hit $2.7trn in 2021, around 30% of the total.
____68____ Forrester, a market-research firm, found that most users of “buy now, pay later” apps are around 20. Megan Scott, a 20-year-old student from London, speaks for many of her peers by admitting that, when shopping, she has no self-control—until the bill arrives.
The light-speed online world also appears to have lowered tolerances for long delivery times. A study by Salesforce, a business-software giant, found that Gen-Z Americans, who prefer to use their phones to pay for shopping, are the likeliest of all age groups to want their groceries delivered within an hour. ____69____
The Internet has also changed how the young discover brands. Print, billboard or TV advertising has given way to social media. Instagram, part of Meta’s empire, and TikTok, a Chinese-owned app, are where the young look for inspiration, particularly for goods where looks matter such as fashion, beauty and sportswear. ____70____ Such apps are increasingly adding features that allow users to shop without ever leaving the platform. According to McKinsey, six in ten Americans under the age of 25 had completed a purchase on a social-media site.
卷13：2023年上海市浦东新区高三一模
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. They are culturally distant, and so have far less borrowed European vocabulary too. B. This more than anything else accounts for the difficulty of the language. C. Indeed, none of the hardest languages is written with the Latin alphabet used by most European languages. D. But foreign writing systems need not be difficult. E. The overall hardness of a language can be seen as the sum of the difficulty of its writing system, sounds, words and grammar. F. But just as hard is the problem of languages that make distinctions your language does not.
Which Languages Take the Longest to Learn
The difficulty in learning a foreign language lies not only in its inherent complexity. The main reason a language is hard is that it is different from your own. What underlies the difficulty of such languages for an English-speaker
The first thing many learners will think of is the writing system. _______67________ Chinese stands out for its difficulty. It is commonly said that a learner must memorize around 2,000 characters to be able to read a newspaper. But even this estimate is criticized. Someone with 2,000 characters will still have to look up unfamiliar ones in every few lines of text.
A second way languages can be hard is with sounds and distinctions that do not exist in the learner’s language. To an English-speaker, the novelties include the clicks of many African languages. _______68________ Mandarin and Cantonese have tones, meaning ma with an even pitch and ma with a falling one are different words.
The vocabulary obviously matters too. Most European languages share an ancestor (called proto-Indo-European) and so their words, too, often come in related pairs. If you know water in Spanish is agua, it is easy to figure out Italian acqua and English aquatic. Languages unrelated to the European ones (Arabic from the Semitic family, or Chinese from the Sino-Tibetan one) will not only lack the “genetic” overlap in vocabulary. _______69________
Finally there is grammar. Many people associate tricky grammar with long lists of endings that change according to a word’s use in a sentence. Many languages even feature an ending on verbs indicating how the speaker knows the information to be true.
_______70________ If you want to learn a language just for fun, start with Swedish. If you want to accumulate an impressive number, stay in Europe. But if you really want to impress, mastering Mandarin is the sign of the true linguistic Ironman.
卷14：2023年上海市奉贤区高三一模
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. While these villages possess undeniable fascination, many remain underdeveloped. B. This effort includes the knowledge exchange between the students and local villagers C. Both were selected for revitalization efforts led by the Village Revitalization Team. D. In Sukarara, a local tradition requires girls master weaving skills before marriage E. They decide to be a bridge between tradition and progress, united for their growth F. It's about preserving the cultural heritage and ensuring traditions being passed down
Students’ Journey to Empower Rural Heritage
From Aug. 18 to 22 a team of 15 Tsinghua University students, representing diverse backgrounds from China, South Korea, Malaysia, and Indonesia, set foot on an overseas research exploration focusing on rural revitalization(振兴) in Indonesian villages, particularly within Nusa Tenggara Barat(NTB).
With the diverse cultural heritage, Indonesia is home to over 83,000 villages, each radiating its own charm and character. 67
The research mission took the students to Sukarara and Sade villages, two of NTB's tourist destinations. 68 Sukarara and Sade are a world apart from the busy cities to which most of us are accustomed. The villages are a living test to Indonesia's rich culture and its devotion to preserving traditions. The Revitalizing these villages goes beyond mere economic development. 69 The weaving skills and architectural techniques of Sukarara and Sade villages are not only beautiful, but they are also an inseparable part to the identity of these communities. It's essential that they strike a balance between progress and preservation.
As the journey came to an end, the students carry with them not only the memories of their experiences there, but also the responsibility to make a positive impact on these remarkable places. 70 They are optimistic that Indonesian villages can experience meaningful development, ultimately leading to increased opportunities for employment and an improved quality of life.
卷15：2023年上海市普陀区高三一模
Section C
A. While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability stressful. B. But in a new study researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain. C. In the future, with the deepening of brain science research, human beings will eventually unlock the secrets of the brain. D. This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering. E. When we obtain new information, the brain automatically attempts to make it into existing information by forming associations. F. The outside world is a judgment of the brain, but humans just don't realize it.
Is Human Brain Too Full
The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime's knowledge. But is there a point where it reaches capacity The answer is no, because brains are more complicated than that. Instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form. Previous behavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. (67) __________.
In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number (PIN). Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. (68) __________ And most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference.
(69) __________ When we search information, both relevant and irrelevant information will appear. The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.
A very small number of people arc able to remember almost every detail of their life. (70) __________ In a sense, forgetting is how our brains categorize memories, so the most relevant memories are ready to be taken out. Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn't become too full.
卷16：2023年上海市徐汇区高三一模
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The rate of childhood obesity in the U.S. has tripled over the past 50 years. But what this trend means for children’s long-term health, and what to do about it (if anything), is not so clear.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) made waves this year by recommending that doctors put obese kids as young as two years old on intensive, family-oriented lifestyle and behavior plans. ___67___ This advice marks a shift from the organization’s previous stance of “watch and wait,” and it reflects the AAP’s belief that obesity is a disease and the group’s adoption of a more proactive position on childhood obesity.
Yet the lifestyle programs the AAP recommends are expensive, inaccessible to most children and hard to maintain — and the guidelines acknowledge these barriers. Few weight-loss drugs have been approved for older children, although many are used off-label. ___68___ And surgery, while becoming more common, has inherent risks and few long-term safety data — it could, for instance, cause nutritional deficits in growing children. Furthermore, it’s not clear whether interventions in youngsters help to improve health or merely add to the stigma overweight kids face from a fat-phobic society. This stigma can lead to mental health problems and eating disorders.
Rather than fixating on numbers on a scale, the U.S. and countries with similar trends should focus on an underlying truth: we need to invest in more and safer places for children to play where they can move and run around, climb and jump, ride and skate.
___69___In 2020 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found, unsurprisingly, that kids’ sports participation increases with their parents’ incomes: about 70 percent of kids whose families earn more than $105,000 a year participate in sports, but only 51 percent of middle-class kids and 31 percent of children at or below the poverty line do. This disparity hurts people of color the most. More than 60 percent of white children, for instance, participate in athletics, but only 42 percent of Black children and 47 percent of Hispanic children do. Experts blame these problems on the privatization of sports — as public investment in school-based athletics dwindles, expensive private leagues have grown, leaving many kids out.
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, children between ages six and 17 should get at least an hour of moderate to intense physical activity every day. Yet only 21 to 28 percent of U.S. kids meet this target, two government-sponsored surveys found. The nonprofit Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance evaluates physical activity in American children, and in 2022 the group gave the U.S. a grade of D–.
Why is it so hard to get kids moving In addition to fewer opportunities at school, researchers cite increased screen time, changing norms around letting kids play outdoors unsupervised, and a lack of safe places for them to play outside the home.
New York City, for example, had 2,067 public playgrounds as of 2019 — a “meager” amount for its large population, according to a report from the city comptroller — and inspectors found hazardous equipment at one quarter of them. In Los Angeles in 2015, only 33 percent of youths lived within walking distance of a park, according to the L.A. Neighborhood Land Trust. Lower-income neighborhoods tend to have the fewest public play spaces, despite often having a high population density. ___70___
Kids everywhere need more places to play: trails, skate parks and climbing walls, gardens and ball fields, bike paths and basketball courts. Vigorous public funding to build and keep up these areas is crucial, but other options such as shared-use agreements can make unused spaces available to the public.
A. Moving more may not prevent a child from becoming overweight, but studies show clearly that it helps both physical and mental health.
B. And although rural areas have more undeveloped outdoor space, they often lack playgrounds, tracks and exercise facilities
C. A lack of safe places for them to play outside the home also contributes to kids obesity.
D. It also suggested prescribing weight-loss drugs to children 12 and older and surgery to teens 13 and older.
E. Increased screen time and changing norms around letting kids play outdoors are unsupervised.
F. They have significant side effects for both kids and adults.
