重庆市西大银翔实验学校2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版）

重庆市西大银翔实验学校2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试
英语试题
(满分：150分;考试时间：120分钟)
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、班级、考场/座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔填涂;答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔书写;必须在题号对应的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写无效;保持答卷清洁、完整。
3. 考试结束后，将答题卡交回(试题卷学生保存，以备评讲)。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How does the woman want her meat cooked
A. Rare. B. Medium-rare. C. Well done.
2. Which place will the man go to this weekend
A. A concert hall. B. A stadium. C. A gallery.
3. What are the speakers talking about
A. Polite greetings. B. Table manners. C. Body language.
4. What are the speakers doing
A. Taking a picture. B. Having a haircut. C. Looking at a photo.
5. What will the man do after he gets home
A. Drive to a furniture store.
B. Buy the woman a new table.
C. Borrow a truck from the woman.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman think of electronic music
A. It is clever. B. It is loud. C. It is modern.
7. How old was the woman when attending a classical concert
A. 16. B. 17. C. 18.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why does the man turn to the woman
A. He has to work late. B. He has to get groceries. C. He has a package to come.
9. What is the man getting
A. A box of fruit. B. Some alcohol. C. Some sports equipment.
10. What do we know about the speakers’ kids
A. They are under the age of 21.
B. They’ll return home by 3:00 p.m.
C. They’ll practice soccer at 5:00 p.m.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Father and daughter. B. Teacher and student. C. Classmates.
12. What does the woman want to become
A. A security guard. B. A computer security expert. C. A computer science teacher.
13. What does the man suggest the woman do
A. Do well in math. B. Major in math. C. See math as a career.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Where does the conversation take place
A. At school. B. At the zoo. C. At an amusement park.
15. Why is Lisa surprised
A. John was busy. B. John arrived late. C. John changed his mind.
16. Why did John lie to Lisa
A. He wanted to come alone.
B. He was afraid of roller coasters.
C. He wanted to give her a surprise.
17. What does John say about Lisa
A. Considerate. B. Brave. C. Reliable.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Why did the speaker buy a new umbrella
A. His old one was damaged. B. He really loved that one. C. He failed to bring one.
19. What is the main advantage of the hotel’s location
A. It is beside the Eiffel Tower.
B. It is very close to a bakery.
C. It is within walking distance to Louvre.
20. Why did the speaker go to Paris
A. To see some artworks. B. To eat some French food. C. To meet some good friends.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The International Consumer Electronics Show CES is known as the place where many companies across the globe show their latest technology offerings. Here is a look at some of the top products presented at CES 2023.
AirSelfie camera
Electronics maker AirSelfie launched its latest self-flying camera designed to take “selfie” pictures. The new device called Air Pix, is a small, light camera that flies through the air and takes high-quality photographs and videos. A video on the company’s website explains that Air Pix can fly, frame and take pictures all by itself before landing back on the user’s hand.
Labrador’s assistive robot
Robot maker Labrador announced the launch of its Retriever robot. The small, self-driving machine is designed to hold things and, as its name suggests, also retrieve (取回) things. The robot can be controlled by voice commands or from an app on a phone. It can also be programmed based on an exact map of a user’s home. The company says the Retriever is designed “to serve as an extra pair of hands and lighten the load of everyday tasks in the home.”
Self-driving tractor
American-based farm equipment producer John Deere presented a fully self-driving tractor. The company says the vehicle is equipped with six different cameras and a series of sensors to guide the tractor through the fields. Farmers can control the vehicle and see the tractor’s progress in real time through a mobile device. John Deere says the concept is to help farmers do more work with fewer tools and other people.
1. Who are most likely to be interested in Labrador’s assistive robot
A. Photographers. B. Cleaners. C. Housewives. D. Farmers.
2. What do Labrador’s assistive robot and the Self-driving tractor have in common
A. They both have voice control. B. They both are really very smart.
C. They both help with housework. D. They come from the same producer.
3. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To show the wide popularity of CES.
B. To advertise some famous technology companies.
C. To predict some future electronic products.
D. To introduce some technology products from CES.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了2023年消费电子展上展出的一些顶级技术产品。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。由Labrador’s assistive robot部分中“The company says the Retriever is designed “to serve as an extra pair of hands and lighten the load of everyday tasks in the home”. (该公司表示，Retriever的设计“是为了充当一双额外的手，减轻家里日常任务的负担”)”可知，家庭主妇们最可能会对这款产品感兴趣，故选C项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。由Labrador’s assistive robot部分中“The small, self-driving machine is designed to hold things and, as its name suggests, also retrieve (取回) things. The robot can be controlled by voice commands or from an app on a phone. It can also be programmed based on an exact map of a user’s home. (这台小型自动驾驶机器的设计初衷是用来装东西，正如它的名字所暗示的那样，它还可以执行取回任务。机器人可以通过语音命令或手机上的应用程序进行控制。它也可以根据用户家的精确地图进行编程)”和Self-driving tractor部分中“The company says the vehicle is equipped with six different cameras and a series of sensors to guide the tractor through the fields. (该公司表示，这辆车配备了六个不同的摄像头和一系列传感器，可以引导拖拉机穿过田地)”可知，这两个产品都是智能的，故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由第一段“The International Consumer Electronics Show CES is known as the place where many companies across the globe show their latest technology offerings. Here is a look at some of the top products presented at CES 2023 .(国际消费电子展（CES）是全球许多公司展示其最新技术产品的地方。以下是2023年国际消费电子展上展示的一些顶级产品。)”可知，本文主要介绍几款在2023年消费电子展上展出的一些顶级技术产品，故选D项。
B
I was trained as a gymnast in Hunan, China, in the 1970s. The government wanted to transfer (转学) me to a school for athletes while my parents wanted me to become an engineer, because they firmly believed there was only one sure way to happiness: a safe and well-paid job. But my dream was to become a Chinese opera singer. Although I tried everything I could to go to opera school, I knew I was too old to be trained and my dream would never come true.
But that’s so unfair. So I was determined to find another calling — books. I satisfied my hunger for parental advice from the Fu Lei’s Family Letters by Fu Lei and Zhu Meifu, found my role model of an independent woman from Jane Eyre, learned to be efficient from Cheaper by the Dozen, and inspired myself to study abroad after reading Complete Works of Sanmao and Lessons from History.
I came to the U. S. in 1995 where I started comparative paring and contrasting give scholars a more complete understanding of a topic. So I thought, well, if comparative reading works for research, why not do it in daily life too So I started reading books in pairs. They can be about people who are involved in the same event — Benjamin Franklin by Walter Isaacson and John Adams by David McCullough, for example, or friends with shared experiences. I also compare the same stories in different genres or similar stories from different cultures, as Joseph Campbell did in his wonderful book The Power of Myth.
Books have given me a magic portal (入口) to connect with people of the past and the present. I have come to believe that coming true is not the only purpose of a dream. Its most important purpose is to get us in touch with where dreams come from, where passion comes from and where happiness comes from. Even a shattered (遭受极大打击的) dream can do that for you. So may books be always with you.
4. What’s the purpose of paragraph 1
A. To provide background information. B. To list some examples.
C. To make a comparison. D. To summarize the paragraphs below.
5. From which book did the author get the motivation to study abroad
A. Fu Lei’s Family Letters. B. Jane Eyre.
C. Cheaper by the Dozen. D. Complete Works of Sanmao.
6. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The future of comparative reading.
B. The concept of comparative reading.
C. The writer’s experiences of comparative reading.
D. The writer’s achievements of comparative reading.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. How I Chase My Dreams B. How Books Open My Mind
C. Why I Am Keen on Comparative Reading D. Why a Shattered Dream Changes My Life
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了作者热爱阅读，他在出国后进行对比阅读研究并将其运用到生活之中，作者希望书籍可以伴随人们终身。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I was trained as a gymnast in Hunan, China, in the 1970s. The government wanted to transfer (转学) me to a school for athletes while my parents wanted me to become an engineer, because they firmly believed there was only one sure way to happiness: a safe and well-paid job. But my dream was to become a Chinese opera singer. Although I tried everything I could to go to opera school, I knew I was too old to be trained and my dream would never come true.”（20世纪70年代，我在中国湖南接受体操训练。政府想把我调到一所运动员学校，而我的父母则希望我成为一名工程师，因为他们坚信只有一条通往幸福的可靠途径：一份安全且高薪的工作。但我的梦想是成为一名中国戏曲歌手。尽管我想尽一切办法去上歌剧院，但我知道我太老了，无法接受训练，我的梦想永远不会实现。）可知，这一段的目的是介绍了故事发生的背景信息。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I satisfied my hunger for parental advice from the Fu Lei’s Family Letters by Fu Lei and Zhu Meifu, found my role model of an independent woman from Jane Eyre, learned to be efficient from Cheaper by the Dozen, and inspired myself to study abroad after reading Complete Works of Sanmao and Lessons from History.”（我从傅雷和朱梅馥的《傅雷家书》中满足了对父母建议的渴望，从《简·爱》中找到了独立女性的榜样，从《儿女一箩筐》中学会了高效，读了《三毛全集》和《历史教训》后，我萌生了出国留学的念头。）可知，作者在阅读《三毛全集》后得到了出国的动力。故选D项。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“I came to the U. S. in 1995 where I started comparative paring and contrasting give scholars a more complete understanding of a topic. So I thought, well, if comparative reading works for research, why not do it in daily life too So I started reading books in pairs.”（我1995年来到美国，在那里我开始了比较阅读。比较和对比使学者们对一个主题有了更全面的了解。所以我想，如果比较阅读是为了研究，为什么不在日常生活中也这样做呢？所以我开始两人一组看书。）可知，第三段主要介绍了关于作者对比阅读的经历。故选C项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“I satisfied my hunger for parental advice from the Fu Lei’s Family Letters by Fu Lei and Zhu Meifu, found my role model of an independent woman from Jane Eyre, learned to be efficient from Cheaper by the Dozen, and inspired myself to study abroad after reading Complete Works of Sanmao and Lessons from History.”（我从傅雷和朱梅芙的《傅雷家书》中满足了对父母建议的渴望，从《简·爱》中找到了独立女性的榜样，从《儿女一箩筐》中学会了高效，读了《三毛全集》和《历史教训》后，我萌生了出国留学的念头。）及第三段“I came to the U. S. in 1995 where I started comparative reading.”（我1995年来到美国，在那里我开始了比较阅读。）及最后一段“Books have given me a magic portal (入口) to connect with people of the past and the present.”（书籍给了我一个与过去和现在的人们联系的神奇入口。）可知，本文讲述的是书籍使我出国从事研究并让我有了新的认识，说明本文主要介绍的是书籍如何开阔我的头脑。故选B项。
C
Imagine you found a wallet containing a stranger’s contact details but no cash. Would you return it to its owner Now imagine the same wallet contained a few banknotes. Would that change your response Does it depend on the amount of money And how do you think other people would react
Honesty makes the world go round. Without people trusting in one another, society would fall apart. Honesty is therefore studied academically. Most work in the area, though, takes place under controlled conditions in labs, often featuring well-off and well-educated Westerners as its subjects. By contrast Alain Cohn of the University of Michigan and his colleagues have taken such behavioral economics around the world, covering 40 countries, 355 cities and more than 17,000 people.
As the team report this week in Science, Dr Cohn’s research assistants entered public buildings. They handed in a wallet to the receptionist, saying they had found it on the street outside. Each wallet contains contact details. Importantly, some wallets also included $13.45, while others not. Then, the team simply waited to see who would return the wallet.
In 38 of the 40 countries, the wallets with money were returned more often than those without (51% vs 40%). In addition, wallets containing a larger sum of money ($94.15) were even more likely (by about another 10%) to be returned than those with less.
With greater temptation (诱惑), then, comes greater honesty — at least when it comes to lost wallets. Interestingly, though, such honesty is not reflected in people’s expectations of others. When surveyed, most of 299 volunteers predicted that the more money in a wallet, the less likely it would be returned.
A certain doubt about the motives of others is probably good for survival. But the warm inner thought of “doing the right thing” is also a powerful motivation. How this altruism developed is much debated — particularly when it extends, as in Dr Cohn’s experiments, to strangers whom the altruist has no expectation of ever meeting. Be that as it may, as this study shows, such altruism is real and universal.
8. How is Alain Cohn’s research different from the previous
A. It covered varied subjects and backgrounds.
B. More scientists participated in the research.
C. It was carried out in controlled situations.
D. It took no account of well-educated Westerners.
9. What can we learn from the research
A. Rate of honesty varies among countries.
B. People prefer returning wallets without money.
C. The less money in a wallet, the higher rate of returning.
D. Wallets with more money are more likely to be given back.
10. What does the underlined word “altruism” in the last paragraph mean
A. Doubt of others’ motivations. B. Concern for others’ needs.
C. The motivation for survival. D. Understanding of people’s doubt.
11. What’s the best title for the text
A. Money Answers All Things.
B. Money Makes the Mare Go.
C. Honesty Is Questioned in Face of Money.
D. Money Doesn’t Make the World Go Round.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个研究团队通过在全球范围内进行实地实验，发现大多数人倾向于归还他人丢失的钱包，尤其是当钱包里有钞票时，而且钞票数额越大，人们越倾向于采取诚实行为，这与人们原本的期望相反。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Most work in the area, though, takes place under controlled conditions in labs, often featuring well-off and well-educated Westerners as its subjects. By contrast Alain Cohn of the University of Michigan and his colleagues have taken such behavioral economics around the world, covering 40 countries, 355 cities and more than 17,000 people. (不过，该领域的大多数研究都是在实验室的受控条件下进行的，研究对象往往是富裕且受过良好教育的西方人。相比之下，密歇根大学的Alain Cohn和他的同事们将这种行为经济学带到了世界各地，覆盖了40个国家、355个城市和超过1.7万人)”可知，不同于以往的研究，Alain Cohn的研究它涵盖了不同的受试者和背景。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“In addition, wallets containing a larger sum of money ($94.15) were even more likely (by about another 10%) to be returned than those with less. (此外，装有较多金额（94.15美元）的钱包比装有较少金额的钱包更有可能（又高出10%）被归还)”可知，该研究显示钱包里的钱越多，就越有可能被归还。故选D项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“But the warm inner thought of “doing the right thing” is also a powerful motivation. (但是“做正确的事”这种温暖的内心想法也是一种强大的动力)”和下文“is much debated (有很多争议)”可推知，受到很多争议的是上文提到的这种“做正确的事”——归还他人钱包的“利他行为”的发展方式。由此猜测，画线词意思应该是“利他行为”，即关心他人的需要。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕一个关于诚实行为的研究展开，研究团队通过在全球范围内进行实地实验，发现大多数人倾向于归还他人丢失的钱包，尤其是当钱包里有钞票时，而且钞票数额越大，人们越倾向于采取诚实行为，这与人们原本的期望相反。再结合第二段中“Honesty makes the world go round. (诚实使世界运转)”可知，D项“金钱不能使世界运转”契合该研究反映的行为本质，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
D
When you’re super tired, you may be more likely to take a nap than grab a snack. What about mosquitoes Scientists have long been interested in mosquito sleep cycles.
However, it’s hard to study sleeping mosquitoes. That’s partly because mosquitoes will get excited when they sense a meal: the experimenter. That makes it difficult for the insects to nod off. And when mosquitoes do nod off, they look rather similar to those that are just resting to save energy.
Ajayi at the University of Cincinnati and his colleagues studied mosquitoes’ sleep. The team focused on three species known to carry diseases. The first, Aedes aegypti, is active by day. The second, Culex pipiens, prefers to dine after dusk. The third —the malaria-carrying Anopheles stephensi—is up at night. All these mosquitoes were left alone in a room. There, the team used cameras and sensors to spy on them. Together, these observations helped the researchers spot a sleeping mosquito.
After about two hours, the mosquitoes appeared to nod off. They didn’t move for a long time. And as time went on, Culex pipiens and Aedes aegypti showed less response when the experimenter walked in the room. This showed that a tasty smell was less likely to wake those species when in a deep sleep.
Then the insects were placed in clear tubes that were shaken every few minutes to keep them from falling into a deep sleep. After 4 to 12 hours, the team exposed the insects to some heated sweat. That mimicked(模仿) the presence of a host on which the mosquitoes could snack. In another experiment, a human volunteer offered up a leg for mosquitoes to feed on for five minutes.
In both cases, the mosquitoes that got a full night’s rest were much more likely to land on the host than sleep-deprived(剥夺) ones. In eight tests, an average of 77 percent of the well- rested mosquitoes went for a blood meal. Only 23 percent of mosquitoes that were sleepy did the same.
The findings open avenues for research into controlling mosquitoes, Ajayi says. That, in turn, could help keep people safe from mosquito-spread diseases.
12. What adds difficulty to studying sleeping mosquitoes
A. Mosquitoes’ daily routines. B. The smell of human beings.
C. The wide variety of mosquitoes. D. Mosquitoes’ different sleeping habits.
13. What did Ajayi do to study mosquitoes
A. He tracked mosquitoes’ behavior. B. He tested the mosquitoes on his leg.
C. He went over many previous studies. D. He exposed mosquitoes to many snacks.
14. What is the finding of the study
A. Mosquitoes need more sleep than humans.
B. Mosquitoes never bite when lacking sleep.
C. Sleepy mosquitoes like the smell of heated sweat.
D. Sleepy mosquitoes are more likely to sleep than to eat.
15. What is the significance of this study
A. It can help to understand human sleep.
B. It can help to control the spread of some diseases.
C. It can help to to find out technology to mimick mosquitoes.
D. It can help to discover the differences between various mosquitoes.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对蚊子睡眠的研究。研究表明，缺乏睡眠的蚊子往往对捕食缺少兴趣。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段内容“However, it’s hard to study sleeping mosquitoes. That’s partly because mosquitoes will get excited when they sense a meal: the experimenter. That makes it difficult for the insects to nod off. And when mosquitoes do nod off, they look rather similar to those that are just resting to save energy.(然而，很难研究睡眠中的蚊子。部分原因是当蚊子感觉到一顿饭：实验者时会感到兴奋。这使得这些昆虫很难瞌睡。)”可知，在场的实验者，人的气味会刺激蚊子，因此使蚊子很难进入睡眠状态。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“There, the team used cameras and sensors to spy on them. (在那里，该小组使用摄像机和传感器来监视它们。)”以及第四段内容“After about two hours, the mosquitoes appeared to nod off. They didn’t move for a long time. And as time went on, Culex pipiens and Aedes aegypti showed less response when the experimenter walked in the room. This showed that a tasty smell was less likely to wake those species when in a deep sleep.(大约两小时后，蚊子似乎睡着了。他们没有移动很长时间了。随着时间的推移，当实验者走进房间时，库蚊和埃及伊蚊的反应减少了。这表明，在深度睡眠时，美味的气味不太可能唤醒这些物种。)”可知，研究人员通过追踪蚊子的行为来进行实验。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容“In both cases, the mosquitoes that got a full night’s rest were much more likely to land on the host than sleep-deprived(剥夺) ones. In eight tests, an average of 77 percent of the well- rested mosquitoes went for a blood meal. Only 23 percent of mosquitoes that were sleepy did the same.(在这两种情况下，得到一整晚休息的蚊子比睡眠不足的蚊子更有可能落在宿主身上。在八次测试中，平均77%的休息良好的蚊子去吸血。只有23%的嗜睡的蚊子也做了同样的事情。)”可知，大多数缺乏睡眠的蚊子会选择睡觉而不去叮咬人类。故选D。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据末段内容“The findings open avenues for research into controlling mosquitoes, Ajayi says. That, in turn, could help keep people safe from mosquito-spread diseases.(阿嘉伊说，这些发现为控制蚊子的研究开辟了途径。反过来，这有助于人们免受蚊子传播的疾病。)”可知，研究蚊子的睡眠可以帮助人们预防和蚊子有关的疾病的传播。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Different Cultures
The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. ___16___.
The origin of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers—the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. ___17___.
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain—the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. ___18___Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlanta Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t distinguish from the European culture a lot.
At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. ___19___
The differences are everywhere. ___20___But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther.
A. Let us work together to keep a variety of cultures.
B. And these two are well- known as the base of the European culture.
C. One important thing is to learn about other cultures.
D. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.
E. They are obvious and affect people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world.
F. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
G. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. B 19. G 20. E
【解析】
【分析】本文属于说明文。本文介绍东西方文化的起源及发展和它们之间的差异。
【16题详解】
根据上文“The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot.” （东西方文化真的很有区别。）以及下文都是与两种不同的文化体系有关，说明这是造就文化差异总的原因，而D项（这是因为文化系统总体上是两个独立的系统。）中内容与下文内容相对应的。故选D项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers---the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India .”中国的母亲河是黄河，而印度的则是印度河，分析F项（它们帮助两种文化发展了几个世纪，形成了自己的风格。）与上句为承接关系，说明这两条河流的作用和意义，故选Ｆ项。
【18题详解】
上句中提到的“When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain—the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.”（ 当这两条母亲河孕育了东方文化时，美索不达米亚平原上孕育了另一种著名的文化——美索不达米亚文明。这种文明后来发展成为古希腊和古罗马的文化。）。而B项（希腊和古罗马文化是欧洲文化的根基。）与上文相对应，故选B项。
【19题详解】
根据上一句“But what s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries.” 更重要的是，由于遥远的东方和欧美地区之间的距离和陡峭的地区，几个世纪以来，这两种文化很少沟通。可知结果是各自成长。分析选项可知C项（他们完全以自己的方式成长，几乎没有其他人的干涉），说明所导致的结果。故选G项。
【20题详解】
根据上文The differences are everywhere.“差异无处不在。”可知，选项承接上文说明文化差异影响。故E选项“它们是显而易见的，影响着人们的思维方式和世界观”切题。故选E项。
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分45分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
Few 17-year-old girls know how to weld (焊接) two metal pipes together. I have learned this skill in the past five years as an assistant for my father’s personal plumbing (管道装置) business. This summer job often needs to deal with the mess that causes physical and mental ____21____, and, to some extent, ____22____ a tough and elegant attitude. It is often difficult to cope with. But I____23____.
Every morning, I had to put on a pair of men’s jeans. Most of my peers are ____24____ to wear it in public. I ____25____ tied my hair when I rushed out of the house, and climbed into the front passenger seat of the plumber’s construction ____26____ .
When my peers were part-time babysitters or lifeguards, I was ____27____ my father in the dirty bathroom or the wet basement. Thick dust covered my nose and mouth, and my hands became black. There is nothing beautiful and neat; everything in front of you is ____28____.
Honestly speaking, I felt powerless, discouraged and unable to think hard. Pipe work is a tough job, and I sometimes hate it. I asked myself why I had to tolerate these dust and sweat. I can even find another job, a ____29____ job more like my peers. ____30____, just as I hate messy pipes, I also hate being affected by these little ____31____ emotions. After all, the world is built by people who are willing to get their hands dirty. Life is a process of ____32____ chaos (混乱) and learning to clean up, and pipeline work is no ____33____.
My dad and I not only create chaos, we also create ____34____. When customers are ____35____ for our work, I understand that we have brought order to their lives in small places. The physical and mental discomfort of plumbing work is worth it.
21.
A. misfortune B. pleasure C. injury D. discomfort
22.
A. recovers B. reflects C. requires D. reviews
23.
A. determined B. insisted C. rejected D. hesitated
24.
A. keen B. unwilling C. willing D. impatient
25.
A. carefully B. eventually C. hurriedly D. normally
26.
A. spacecraft B. agency C. vehicle D. rocket
27.
A. assisting B. teaching C. protecting D. preventing
28.
A. ugly B. sufficient C. crucial D. flexible
29.
A. renewable B. regular C. realistic D. responsible
30.
A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Instead
31.
A. warning B. surprising C. touching D. disturbing
32.
A. controlling B. attempting C. judging D. accepting
33.
A. excuse B. puzzle C. description D. exception
34.
A. order B. fortune C. memory D. wealth
35.
A. ready B. grateful C. thirsty D. sorry
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者是一名17岁的女生，却利用假期时间在她父亲的公司学会了管道焊接技术。这项工作又脏又累，但作者却坚持了下来，并从中感受到了它的意义。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这份暑期工作经常需要处理由脏乱引起的身体和心理的不适，在某种程度上，需要一种坚强、优雅的态度。A. misfortune不幸、灾难；B. pleasure快乐；C. injury伤害、受伤；D. discomfort不舒服、不适。由句中“mess”并结合常识可知，脏乱的场面会让人感到很不舒服。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这份暑期工作经常需要处理由脏乱引起身体和心理的不适，在某种程度上，需要一种坚强、优雅的态度。A. recovers恢复、痊愈；B. reflects反射、反映；C. requires需要、需求；D. reviews复习。根据上文“This summer job often needs to deal with the mess that causes physical and mental 1 ,”可知，管道焊接这项工作会让人身心不适，因此需要工作者有一个坚强、优雅的工作态度。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我坚持下来了。A. determined决定；B. insisted坚持；C. rejected拒绝；D. hesitated犹豫。根据上文“It is often difficult to cope with.”以及“But”可知，工作虽然难以应付，但是作者没有放弃，坚持工作。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的大部分同龄人都不愿意当众穿它。A. keen热衷于；B. unwilling不愿意的；C. willing愿意的；D. impatient不耐心的。根据上文“Every morning, I had to put on a pair of men’s jeans.”可知，作者每天都不得不穿上男士工装裤去上班，这对于17岁的女生来说，是不愿意做的事，所以这里应该是不愿意。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我冲出家门时，我匆忙地扎好头发，爬上了水管工施工车的前排乘客座位。A. carefully仔细地；B. eventually最终地；C. hurriedly匆忙地；D. normally正常地。根据句中的“when I rushed out of the house”可知，作者上班很赶时间，所以匆忙扎好头发。故选C。
26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我冲出家门时，我匆忙地扎好头发，爬上了水管工施工车的前排乘客座位。A. spacecraft宇宙飞船；B. agency机构；C. vehicle车辆；D. rocket火箭。根据句中的“climbed into the front passenger seat”可知，作者坐上了前排的座位，所以她是乘坐车辆去上班。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的同龄人都在做兼职保姆或救生员时，我却在帮父亲清理肮脏的浴室或潮湿的地下室。A. assisting帮助；B. teaching教授；C. protecting保护；D. preventing防止。根据下文“Thick dust covered my nose and mouth, and my hands became black.”可知，作者是帮助父亲清理肮脏的浴室或潮湿的地下室，所以她的鼻子和嘴上都是灰尘，手也变黑了。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有任何漂亮整洁的东西，你面前的一切都是丑陋的。A. ugly丑陋的；B. sufficient充足的；C. crucial关键的；D. flexible灵活的。根据句中“ nothing beautiful and neat”可知，作者觉得她面前的一切都不美丽，也不整洁。由此可知，她觉得面前的一切都是丑陋的。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我甚至可以再找一份工作，一份和我同龄人一样的常规的工作。A. renewable可更新的；B. regular常规的、规律的；C. realistic现实的；D. responsible负责任的。根据上文“When my peers were part-time babysitters or lifeguards,”可知，作者的同龄人大部分做的都是常规的普通工作。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，就像我讨厌杂乱的管道一样，我也憎恨被这些小的令人烦恼的情绪所影响。 A. However然而；B. Therefore所以；C. Otherwise否则；C. Instead反而。根据上文“Pipe work is a tough job, and I sometimes hate it. ”可知，作者因一些负面情绪有时讨厌管道工作，这里又提到她讨厌被这些情绪影响，所以应该用转折关系。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，就像我讨厌杂乱的管道一样，我也憎恨被这些小的令人烦恼的情绪所影响。A. warning警告的；B. surprising令人惊讶的；C. touching令人触动的；D. disturbing令人烦恼的。 根据上文“ Honestly speaking, I felt powerless, discouraged and unable to think hard.”可知，作者有一些令人烦恼的负面情绪。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：生活是一个接受混乱，然后学会清除的过程，管道工作也不例外。A. controlling控制；B. attempting尝试、企图； C. judging判断； D. accepting接受。根据上文语境可知，作者的工作环境虽然比较脏乱，但她逐渐接受了它，并坚持学习技术。正如生活一样，是一个接受混乱，然后学会清理的过程。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活是一个接受混乱，然后学会清除的过程，管道工作也不例外。A. excuse借口；B. puzzle困惑；C. description描写、描绘；D. exception例外。根据上文“Pipe work is a tough job,”和“ just like I hate messy pipes,”并结合前文可知，管道工作很艰难，工作环境比较脏乱，管道开始也是交织在一起，很混乱。只有先接受混乱的现状，才能逐渐清理，就像生活一样，因此也不是例外的。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和爸爸不仅创造了混乱，我们也创造了秩序。A. order秩序；B. fortune运气；C. memory 记忆；D. wealth 财富。根据下文“I understand that we have brought order to their lives in small places”可知，作者和父亲为顾客的生活带来了秩序。order 是原词重现。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当顾客感谢我们的工作时，我明白我们为他们在小地方的生活带来了秩序。A. ready 备好的；B. grateful感谢的；C. thirsty口渴的、渴望的；D. sorry抱歉的。根据下文“The physical and mental discomfort of plumbing work is worth it.”可知，作者和父亲的工作给顾客带来了秩序，顾客是很感激的。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
At the opening session of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) on Oct 16, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, ____36____ (deliver) an important report in which he stressed that the work concerning young people is ____37____ (strategic) significant. “A nation will prosper only when its young people thrive (少年强，则国强).”
Close attention was focused ____38____ issues of immediate concern for young people in various areas. The country has established and continued to improve the system of ____39____(finance) aid for students, ____40____ offers full coverage from preschool to postgraduate (研究生) education. More young people have thus been granted equal opportunities to receive better education, according to the Youth of China in the New Era, ____41____ official report ____42____ (release) by the State Council in April.
The government has also taken a number of measures targeting youth employment, including encouragement and subsidies (补助) for ____43____ (company) to take on more young people, as well as guidance to help college graduates find jobs and vocational ____44____ (train).
Meanwhile, under the innovation-driven development strategy and open _____45_____ (compete) mechanisms (机制), a large number of world-class young scientists have come to the forefront of major scientific and technological programs.
【答案】36. delivered
37. strategically
38. on 39. financial
40. which 41. an
42. released
panies
44. training
petition##competitive
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了在 10 月 16 日召开的中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会开幕会上，习近平总书记作了重要报告，强调做好青年工作具有重大战略意义。指出“少年强，则国强”的指导方针。
【36题详解】
考查时态。句意：10月16日，在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会开幕式上，中共中央总书记习近平作了重要报告，强调青年工作具有战略意义。”根据上文on Oct 16可知发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填delivered。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：10月16日，在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会开幕式上，中共中央总书记习近平作了重要报告，强调青年工作具有战略意义。”修饰形容词significant应用副词strategically，故填strategically。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：密切注意各领域青年人直接关心的问题。短语focus on表示“注意，集中”。故填on。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：国家建立并不断完善学生资助体系，实现了从学前教育到研究生教育的全覆盖。修饰名词aid应用形容词financial，故填financial。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：国家建立并不断完善学生资助体系，实现了从学前教育到研究生教育的全覆盖。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词system，在从句作主语，指物。故填which。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：根据国务院4月份发布的一份官方报告《新时代的中国青年》，更多的年轻人因此获得了接受更好教育的平等机会。report为泛指，且official是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据国务院4月份发布的一份官方报告《新时代的中国青年》，更多的年轻人因此获得了接受更好教育的平等机会。分析句子结构可知release与逻辑主语report构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填released。
【43题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：政府还采取了一系列针对青年就业的措施，包括鼓励和补贴公司雇用更多的年轻人，以及指导大学毕业生就业和职业培训。company为可数名词，前文没有冠词表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填companies。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：政府还采取了一系列针对青年就业的措施，包括鼓励和补贴公司雇用更多的年轻人，以及指导大学毕业生就业和职业培训。作动词的宾语，应用名词training，不可数。故填training。
【45题详解】
考查名词或形容词。句意：同时，在创新驱动发展战略和开放竞争机制下，一大批世界级青年科学家走在重大科技项目前沿。此处修饰名词mechanisms，可用名词competition，也可用形容词competitive，作定语。故填competition /competitive。
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下列句子短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
46. I’d appreciate it if you could consider my __________(apply). I’m looking forward to your early reply. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】application
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。我期待您的早日回复。根据空前形容词性物主代词my可知，此处应用名词application，作consider的宾语。故填application。
47. It is highly recommended that you write your own _____________ (origin) compositions instead of imitating others’. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】original
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：强烈建议你写自己的原创作文，而不是模仿别人。修饰名词compositions应用形容词original，作定语。故填original。
48. Remembering new vocabulary once for all without repeated review is _____________ (extreme) challenging. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】extremely
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：在不反复复习的情况下一次性记住新词汇是极具挑战性的。此处修饰形容词challenging，应用副词extremely“极其，非常”，作状语。故填extremely。
49. When _____________ (absorb) in painting, the artist would forget all the pains he suffered in his life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】absorbed
【解析】
【详解】考查省略句。句意：当那位艺术家全神贯注于绘画时，他会忘记他一生中遭受的所有痛苦。when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，完整的从句是When he was absorbed in painting，相当于省略了he was，空处需填过去分词absorbed。故填absorbed。
50. After the fire, property _____________ (belong) to the local residents was greatly damaged. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】belonging
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：火灾发生后，当地居民的财产遭到严重破坏。分析句子结构可知belong与逻辑主语property构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填belonging。
51. There are stories about his ______(generous), the massive amounts of money he gave to charities. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】generosity
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：有关于他慷慨的故事，他给慈善机构捐了大量的钱。空格处用名词作宾语，generous的名词是generosity，是不可数名词，意为“慷慨”，故填generosity。
52. There are _____________ (vary) types of the disease, making it hard to provide the cure. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】various
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这种疾病种类繁多，很难提供治愈方法。分析句意再根据提示词可知，空格处应该用形容词various，表示“各种各样的”，作定语，修饰名词types。故答案为various。
53. With the girls giving a wonderful concert, their parents watched with a _____________ (satisfy) look. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】satisfied
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：女孩们开了一场精彩的音乐会，她们的父母满意地看着。修饰名词look，且表示人的心理活动，应用-ed结尾形容词satisfied，作定语。故填satisfied。
54. Your birthday is therefore the perfect time for being grateful _____________ what you have already experienced and achieved. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】for
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：因此，你生日是感激你已经经历和取得的成就的最佳时机。根据句意及空前的being grateful可知，此处使用介词for，be grateful for“感恩戴德”为固定短语。故填for。
55. We offer him our ________(congratulate) on his graduating from Peking University. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】congratulations
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们祝贺他从北京大学毕业。分析句子可知，空处被our修饰，作offer的宾语，应用congratulate的名词形式congratulation，意为“祝贺，恭贺”，且结合句意可知，此处表示说祝贺的话，congratulation需用复数形式congratulations。故填congratulations。
56. This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere _____________ the customers are tended warmly and carefully. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家餐厅有一种温馨的、像家一样的氛围，顾客们被热情而细心地接待。定语从句修饰先行词atmosphere，在从句作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
57. It is necessary to reflect _____________ the pains and gains of the project with the other members of the team. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】on
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：与团队的其他成员一起反思项目的付出和收获是必要的。短语reflect on表示“反思”。故填on。
58. China’s chip technology ___________ (impress) the rest of the world over the last decade with its independently developed smart phones. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has impressed
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，中国的芯片技术凭借其自主研发的智能手机给世界其他地区留下了深刻印象。根据后文over the last decade可知为现在完成时，主语为单数，助动词用has。故填has impressed。
59. To me, nothing is _____________ (significance) than his never betraying me. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】more significant
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：对我来说，没有什么比他从不背叛我更重要的了。作表语，应用形容词significant，且此处为否定词+比较级，相当于最高级含义，比较级在前面加more。根据than也可知，用比较级。故填more significant。
60. Don’t take a tour to the Siberia in December—the icy air is cold beyond _____________ (believe). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】belief
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：不要在12月去西伯利亚旅行——冰冷的空气冷得令人难以置信。 根据句意及英文提示词可知，此处使用名词belief“相信”，作beyond的宾语。beyond belief是固定短语，译为“难以置信”。故填belief。
第四部分 写作(满分25分)
61. 假如你是高二的学生李华，你的笔友Tom对中国传统文化很感兴趣，他来信让你推荐适合的中国读物。请根据下面的要求给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1.推荐读物的名称及内容;
2.推荐理由;
3.邀请他来中国体验文化。
注意：
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Tom，
How is everything going Having heard that you are keen on Chinese culture, I am more than glad to share you with one of the outstanding books—A Dream of Red Mansions to you.
A Dream of Red Mansions was written by Cao Xueqin in the middle of the 18th century, which mainly describes the rise and decline of a famous royal family and reflects the complicated relationships between people from all walks and classes of life in ancient China. It is not only regarded as one of the Four Great Classical Novels and an encyclopedia of Chinese culture, but also a gem of world literature. Therefore, it is worthwhile for you to read the book.
It will be appreciated if my recommendation is considered. By the way, why don’t you come to China and experience its culture in person
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给笔友Tom写一封回信，推荐适合的中国读物。
【详解】1.词汇积累
有益的：worthwhile→rewarding
被看作：be regarded as→be considered as
出色的：outstanding→excellent
高兴的：glad→delighted
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Therefore, it is worthwhile for you to read the book.
拓展句：Therefore, if you read the book, you will find it worthwhile.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Having heard that you are keen on Chinese culture, I am more than glad to share you with one of the outstanding books—A Dream of Red Mansions to you. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Therefore, it is worthwhile for you to read the book. (运用了it作形式主语)
听力答案：1-5 BCBCA 6-10 BACBA 11-15 ABACC 16-20 BACBA重庆市西大银翔实验学校2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试
英语试题
(满分：150分;考试时间：120分钟)
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、班级、考场/座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔填涂;答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔书写;必须在题号对应的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写无效;保持答卷清洁、完整。
3. 考试结束后，将答题卡交回(试题卷学生保存，以备评讲)。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How does the woman want her meat cooked
A. Rare. B. Medium-rare. C. Well done.
2. Which place will the man go to this weekend
A. A concert hall. B. A stadium. C. A gallery.
3. What are the speakers talking about
A. Polite greetings. B. Table manners. C. Body language.
4. What are the speakers doing
A. Taking a picture. B. Having a haircut. C. Looking at a photo.
5. What will the man do after he gets home
A. Drive to a furniture store.
B. Buy the woman a new table.
C. Borrow a truck from the woman.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman think of electronic music
A. It is clever. B. It is loud. C. It is modern.
7. How old was the woman when attending a classical concert
A. 16. B. 17. C. 18.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why does the man turn to the woman
A. He has to work late. B. He has to get groceries. C. He has a package to come.
9. What is the man getting
A. A box of fruit. B. Some alcohol. C. Some sports equipment.
10. What do we know about the speakers’ kids
A. They are under the age of 21.
B. They’ll return home by 3:00 p.m.
C. They’ll practice soccer at 5:00 p.m.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Father and daughter. B. Teacher and student. C. Classmates.
12. What does the woman want to become
A. A security guard. B. A computer security expert. C. A computer science teacher.
13. What does the man suggest the woman do
A. Do well in math. B. Major in math. C. See math as a career.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Where does the conversation take place
A. At school. B. At the zoo. C. At an amusement park.
15. Why is Lisa surprised
A. John was busy. B. John arrived late. C. John changed his mind.
16. Why did John lie to Lisa
A. He wanted to come alone.
B. He was afraid of roller coasters.
C. He wanted to give her a surprise.
17. What does John say about Lisa
A. Considerate. B. Brave. C. Reliable.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Why did the speaker buy a new umbrella
A. His old one was damaged. B. He really loved that one. C. He failed to bring one.
19. What is the main advantage of the hotel’s location
A. It is beside the Eiffel Tower.
B. It is very close to a bakery.
C. It is within walking distance to Louvre.
20. Why did the speaker go to Paris
A. To see some artworks. B. To eat some French food. C. To meet some good friends.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The International Consumer Electronics Show CES is known as the place where many companies across the globe show their latest technology offerings. Here is a look at some of the top products presented at CES 2023.
AirSelfie camera
Electronics maker AirSelfie launched its latest self-flying camera designed to take “selfie” pictures. The new device, called Air Pix, is a small, light camera that flies through the air and takes high-quality photographs and videos. A video on the company’s website explains that Air Pix can fly, frame and take pictures all by itself before landing back on the user’s hand.
Labrador’s assistive robot
Robot maker Labrador announced the launch of its Retriever robot. The small, self-driving machine is designed to hold things and, as its name suggests, also retrieve (取回) things. The robot can be controlled by voice commands or from an app on a phone. It can also be programmed based on an exact map of a user’s home. The company says the Retriever is designed “to serve as an extra pair of hands and lighten the load of everyday tasks in the home.”
Self-driving tractor
American-based farm equipment producer John Deere presented a fully self-driving tractor. The company says the vehicle is equipped with six different cameras and a series of sensors to guide the tractor through the fields. Farmers can control the vehicle and see the tractor’s progress in real time through a mobile device. John Deere says the concept is to help farmers do more work with fewer tools and other people.
1. Who are most likely to be interested in Labrador’s assistive robot
A. Photographers. B. Cleaners. C. Housewives. D. Farmers.
2. What do Labrador’s assistive robot and the Self-driving tractor have in common
A. They both have voice control. B. They both are really very smart.
C. They both help with housework. D. They come from the same producer.
3. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To show the wide popularity of CES.
B. To advertise some famous technology companies.
C. To predict some future electronic products.
D. To introduce some technology products from CES.
B
I was trained as a gymnast in Hunan, China, in the 1970s. The government wanted to transfer (转学) me to a school for athletes while my parents wanted me to become an engineer, because they firmly believed there was only one sure way to happiness: a safe and well-paid job. But my dream was to become a Chinese opera singer. Although I tried everything I could to go to opera school, I knew I was too old to be trained and my dream would never come true.
But that’s so unfair. So I was determined to find another calling — books. I satisfied my hunger for parental advice from the Fu Lei’s Family Letters by Fu Lei and Zhu Meifu, found my role model of an independent woman from Jane Eyre, learned to be efficient from Cheaper by the Dozen, and inspired myself to study abroad after reading Complete Works of Sanmao and Lessons from History.
I came to the U. S. in 1995 where I started comparative paring and contrasting give scholars a more complete understanding of a topic. So I thought, well, if comparative reading works for research, why not do it in daily life too So I started reading books in pairs. They can be about people who are involved in the same event — Benjamin Franklin by Walter Isaacson and John Adams by David McCullough, for example, or friends with shared experiences. I also compare the same stories in different genres or similar stories from different cultures, as Joseph Campbell did in his wonderful book The Power of Myth.
Books have given me a magic portal (入口) to connect with people of the past and the present. I have come to believe that coming true is not the only purpose of a dream. Its most important purpose is to get us in touch with where dreams come from, where passion comes from and where happiness comes from. Even a shattered (遭受极大打击的) dream can do that for you. So may books be always with you.
4. What’s the purpose of paragraph 1
A. To provide background information. B. To list some examples.
C. To make a comparison. D. To summarize the paragraphs below.
5. From which book did the author get the motivation to study abroad
A. Fu Lei’s Family Letters. B. Jane Eyre.
C. Cheaper by the Dozen. D. Complete Works of Sanmao.
6. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The future of comparative reading.
B. The concept of comparative reading.
C. The writer’s experiences of comparative reading.
D. The writer’s achievements of comparative reading.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. How I Chase My Dreams B. How Books Open My Mind
C Why I Am Keen on Comparative Reading D. Why a Shattered Dream Changes My Life
C
Imagine you found a wallet containing a stranger’s contact details but no cash. Would you return it to its owner Now imagine the same wallet contained a few banknotes. Would that change your response Does it depend on the amount of money And how do you think other people would react
Honesty makes the world go round. Without people trusting in one another, society would fall apart. Honesty is therefore studied academically. Most work in the area, though, takes place under controlled conditions in labs, often featuring well-off and well-educated Westerners as its subjects. By contrast Alain Cohn of the University of Michigan and his colleagues have taken such behavioral economics around the world, covering 40 countries, 355 cities and more than 17,000 people.
As the team report this week in Science, Dr Cohn’s research assistants entered public buildings. They handed in a wallet to the receptionist, saying they had found it on the street outside. Each wallet contains contact details. Importantly, some wallets also included $13.45, while others not. Then, the team simply waited to see who would return the wallet.
In 38 of the 40 countries, the wallets with money were returned more often than those without (51% vs 40%). In addition, wallets containing a larger sum of money ($94.15) were even more likely (by about another 10%) to be returned than those with less.
With greater temptation (诱惑), then, comes greater honesty — at least when it comes to lost wallets. Interestingly, though, such honesty is not reflected in people’s expectations of others. When surveyed, most of 299 volunteers predicted that the more money in a wallet, the less likely it would be returned.
A certain doubt about the motives of others is probably good for survival. But the warm inner thought of “doing the right thing” is also a powerful motivation. How this altruism developed is much debated — particularly when it extends, as in Dr Cohn’s experiments, to strangers whom the altruist has no expectation of ever meeting. Be that as it may, as this study shows, such altruism is real and universal.
8. How is Alain Cohn’s research different from the previous
A. It covered varied subjects and backgrounds.
B. More scientists participated in the research.
C It was carried out in controlled situations.
D It took no account of well-educated Westerners.
9. What can we learn from the research
A. Rate of honesty varies among countries.
B. People prefer returning wallets without money.
C. The less money in a wallet, the higher rate of returning.
D. Wallets with more money are more likely to be given back.
10. What does the underlined word “altruism” in the last paragraph mean
A Doubt of others’ motivations. B. Concern for others’ needs.
C. The motivation for survival. D. Understanding of people’s doubt.
11. What’s the best title for the text
A. Money Answers All Things.
B. Money Makes the Mare Go.
C. Honesty Is Questioned in Face of Money.
D. Money Doesn’t Make the World Go Round.
D
When you’re super tired, you may be more likely to take a nap than grab a snack. What about mosquitoes Scientists have long been interested in mosquito sleep cycles.
However, it’s hard to study sleeping mosquitoes. That’s partly because mosquitoes will get excited when they sense a meal: the experimenter. That makes it difficult for the insects to nod off. And when mosquitoes do nod off, they look rather similar to those that are just resting to save energy.
Ajayi at the University of Cincinnati and his colleagues studied mosquitoes’ sleep. The team focused on three species known to carry diseases. The first, Aedes aegypti, is active by day. The second, Culex pipiens, prefers to dine after dusk. The third —the malaria-carrying Anopheles stephensi—is up at night. All these mosquitoes were left alone in a room. There, the team used cameras and sensors to spy on them. Together, these observations helped the researchers spot a sleeping mosquito.
After about two hours, the mosquitoes appeared to nod off. They didn’t move for a long time. And as time went on, Culex pipiens and Aedes aegypti showed less response when the experimenter walked in the room. This showed that a tasty smell was less likely to wake those species when in a deep sleep.
Then the insects were placed in clear tubes that were shaken every few minutes to keep them from falling into a deep sleep. After 4 to 12 hours, the team exposed the insects to some heated sweat. That mimicked(模仿) the presence of a host on which the mosquitoes could snack. In another experiment, a human volunteer offered up a leg for mosquitoes to feed on for five minutes.
In both cases, the mosquitoes that got a full night’s rest were much more likely to land on the host than sleep-deprived(剥夺) ones. In eight tests, an average of 77 percent of the well- rested mosquitoes went for a blood meal. Only 23 percent of mosquitoes that were sleepy did the same.
The findings open avenues for research into controlling mosquitoes, Ajayi says. That, in turn, could help keep people safe from mosquito-spread diseases.
12. What adds difficulty to studying sleeping mosquitoes
A. Mosquitoes’ daily routines. B. The smell of human beings.
C. The wide variety of mosquitoes. D. Mosquitoes’ different sleeping habits.
13. What did Ajayi do to study mosquitoes
A. He tracked mosquitoes’ behavior. B. He tested the mosquitoes on his leg.
C. He went over many previous studies. D. He exposed mosquitoes to many snacks.
14. What is the finding of the study
A. Mosquitoes need more sleep than humans.
B. Mosquitoes never bite when lacking sleep.
C. Sleepy mosquitoes like the smell of heated sweat.
D. Sleepy mosquitoes are more likely to sleep than to eat.
15. What is the significance of this study
A. It can help to understand human sleep.
B. It can help to control the spread of some diseases.
C. It can help to to find out technology to mimick mosquitoes.
D. It can help to discover the differences between various mosquitoes.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Different Cultures
The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. ___16___.
The origin of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers—the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. ___17___.
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain—the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. ___18___Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlanta Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t distinguish from the European culture a lot.
At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. ___19___
The differences are everywhere. ___20___But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther.
A. Let us work together to keep a variety of cultures.
B. And these two are well- known as the base of the European culture.
C. One important thing is to learn about other cultures.
D. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.
E. They are obvious and affect people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world.
F. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
G. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分45分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
Few 17-year-old girls know how to weld (焊接) two metal pipes together. I have learned this skill in the past five years as an assistant for my father’s personal plumbing (管道装置) business. This summer job often needs to deal with the mess that causes physical and mental ____21____, and, to some extent, ____22____ a tough and elegant attitude. It is often difficult to cope with. But I____23____.
Every morning, I had to put on a pair of men’s jeans. Most of my peers are ____24____ to wear it in public. I ____25____ tied my hair when I rushed out of the house, and climbed into the front passenger seat of the plumber’s construction ____26____ .
When my peers were part-time babysitters or lifeguards, I was ____27____ my father in the dirty bathroom or the wet basement. Thick dust covered my nose and mouth, and my hands became black. There is nothing beautiful and neat; everything in front of you is ____28____.
Honestly speaking, I felt powerless, discouraged and unable to think hard. Pipe work is a tough job, and I sometimes hate it. I asked myself why I had to tolerate these dust and sweat. I can even find another job, a ____29____ job more like my peers. ____30____, just as I hate messy pipes, I also hate being affected by these little ____31____ emotions. After all, the world is built by people who are willing to get their hands dirty. Life is a process of ____32____ chaos (混乱) and learning to clean up, and pipeline work is no ____33____.
My dad and I not only create chaos, we also create ____34____. When customers are ____35____ for our work, I understand that we have brought order to their lives in small places. The physical and mental discomfort of plumbing work is worth it.
21.
A. misfortune B. pleasure C. injury D. discomfort
22.
A. recovers B. reflects C. requires D. reviews
23.
A. determined B. insisted C. rejected D. hesitated
24.
A. keen B. unwilling C. willing D. impatient
25.
A. carefully B. eventually C. hurriedly D. normally
26.
A. spacecraft B. agency C. vehicle D. rocket
27.
A. assisting B. teaching C. protecting D. preventing
28.
A. ugly B. sufficient C. crucial D. flexible
29.
A renewable B. regular C. realistic D. responsible
30.
A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Instead
31.
A. warning B. surprising C. touching D. disturbing
32.
A. controlling B. attempting C. judging D. accepting
33.
A. excuse B. puzzle C. description D. exception
34.
A. order B. fortune C. memory D. wealth
35.
A. ready B. grateful C. thirsty D. sorry
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
At the opening session of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) on Oct 16, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, ____36____ (deliver) an important report in which he stressed that the work concerning young people is ____37____ (strategic) significant. “A nation will prosper only when its young people thrive (少年强，则国强).”
Close attention was focused ____38____ issues of immediate concern for young people in various areas. The country has established and continued to improve the system of ____39____(finance) aid for students, ____40____ offers full coverage from preschool to postgraduate (研究生) education. More young people have thus been granted equal opportunities to receive better education, according to the Youth of China in the New Era, ____41____ official report ____42____ (release) by the State Council in April.
The government has also taken a number of measures targeting youth employment, including encouragement and subsidies (补助) for ____43____ (company) to take on more young people, as well as guidance to help college graduates find jobs and vocational ____44____ (train).
Meanwhile, under the innovation-driven development strategy and open _____45_____ (compete) mechanisms (机制), a large number of world-class young scientists have come to the forefront of major scientific and technological programs.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下列句子短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
46. I’d appreciate it if you could consider my __________(apply). I’m looking forward to your early reply. (所给词的适当形式填空)
47. It is highly recommended that you write your own _____________ (origin) compositions instead of imitating others’. (所给词的适当形式填空)
48. Remembering new vocabulary once for all without repeated review is _____________ (extreme) challenging. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49. When _____________ (absorb) in painting, the artist would forget all the pains he suffered in his life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
50. After the fire, property _____________ (belong) to the local residents was greatly damaged. (所给词的适当形式填空)
51. There are stories about his ______(generous), the massive amounts of money he gave to charities. (所给词的适当形式填空)
52. There are _____________ (vary) types of the disease, making it hard to provide the cure. (所给词的适当形式填空)
53. With the girls giving a wonderful concert, their parents watched with a _____________ (satisfy) look. (所给词的适当形式填空)
54. Your birthday is therefore the perfect time for being grateful _____________ what you have already experienced and achieved. (用适当的词填空)
55. We offer him our ________(congratulate) on his graduating from Peking University. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
56. This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere _____________ the customers are tended warmly and carefully. (用适当的词填空)
57. It is necessary to reflect _____________ the pains and gains of the project with the other members of the team. (用适当的词填空)
58. China’s chip technology ___________ (impress) the rest of the world over the last decade with its independently developed smart phones. (所给词的适当形式填空)
59. To me, nothing is _____________ (significance) than his never betraying me. (所给词的适当形式填空)
60. Don’t take a tour to the Siberia in December—the icy air is cold beyond _____________ (believe). (所给词的适当形式填空)
第四部分 写作(满分25分)
61. 假如你是高二的学生李华，你的笔友Tom对中国传统文化很感兴趣，他来信让你推荐适合的中国读物。请根据下面的要求给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1.推荐读物的名称及内容;
2.推荐理由;
3.邀请他来中国体验文化。
注意：
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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听力答案：1-5 BCBCA 6-10 BACBA 11-15 ABACC 16-20 BACBA