人教课标版B9 Unit2 Sailing the oceans Language Points（课件68张）

课件68张PPT。人教课标
高三 选修 9
Unit 2Unit 2 Sailing the oceansLanguage Points We may well wonder how seamen
explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship’s position on a map. 在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样在海上探险的。 Page 12【考点 1】
it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语。
【考例】
The fact that she was foreign made ______ difficult for her to get a job in that country. (辽宁2010)
A. so B. much
C. that D. it 【点拨】
选 D。句意为“她是外国人的事实使得她在那个国家很难找到工作。” 句中的to get a job in that country 是动词不定式短语，作made的宾语，difficult是宾语补足语，此处it作形式宾语，其他词没有这种用法。【考点 2】
position 作名词，意为“位置，职位”。
【考例】
From their ______ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. (陕西2009)
A. stage B. position
C. condition D. situation【点拨】
选 B。句意为“从电视塔顶部的位置，游客们可以更好地看到城市的景色。” position 位置，符合句意。stage 舞台； condition 条件，环境； situation 形势，处境。2. The voyages of travelers before the 17th
century show that they were not at the
mercy of the sea even though they did
not have modern navigational aids.
17世纪以前的航海记录显示，即使没有
现代航海技术的帮助，他们也没有任凭
海洋摆布。【点拨】 此句是一个复合句。主句为：The voyages of travellers before the 17th century show；从句为 that 引导的 _____从句： that they were not ... modern navigational aids，作 _____ 的宾语。在此从句中，包含一个由 ___________ 引导的 _________ 从句：even though they did not have modern navigational aids。让步状语宾语showeven though (1) voyage n./ vi. 航海, 航行
e.g. The voyage from England to India used to take six months.
过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。
go on / make / take a sea voyage
去航海旅行
voyager n. 航行者, 航海者They have got everything ready to
make a _____ across the Atlantic.
A. trip B. travel
C. voyage D. tour(2) at the mercy of
【双语释义】
not able to stop sb. / sth. harming you because they have power or control over you 受……支配；对……无能为力；任由……摆布e.g. They were absolutely at the mercy of the king.
他们完全任国王处置。
We are at the mercy of the weather.
我们拿天气毫无办法。
I wouldn’t like to be at the mercy of such a cruel man.
我可不愿受如此残酷的人的摆布。 【小试】 根据所给提示完成下列句子。
They _______________ (对……毫不怜
悯) to the enemies.
2. ___________ (幸运的是) she wasn’t seriously hurt.
3. The old man was treated ____________ (无情地).showed no mercyIt is a mercywithout mercy4. The young man is not going to put
himself ______________________ (任
由银行摆布).at the mercy of the bank(3) even though 用作连词，意为“尽管，
即使”，引导让步状语从句。There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, ______ she was an only child.
A. ever since B. now that
C. even though D. even aseven though “尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。 ever since “自从……以来”，常和完成时态连用；now that “既然，由于”；even as “正当，恰恰在……的时候”。【拓展】
even though 和 even so 的区别：even though = even if 用作连词，引导让步状语从句；even so 用作副词，意思是“尽管这样/那样，即便如此”。
Your uncle seems to be a good driver; _____, I wouldn’t dare to travel in his car.
A. even so B. even though
C. therefore D. so3. This seems to have been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum amount of risk.
minimum (min)
adj. 最小的, 最低的
n. 最小值, 最小化。
其反义词为: maximum (max)
adj. 最高的, 最多的, 最大极限的
n. 最大量, 最大限度, 极大e.g. The minimum requirements for the job are a degree and two years’ experience.
该工作的最低要求是要有学位和两年
的工作经验。
You must get a minimum of 40
questions right to pass the examination.
你最少必须答对40道题才能通过考试。 keep / reduce sth. to a minimum
将某物保持在/降低到最低限度
e.g. The school manages to keep bullying to a minimum. 学校设法最低限度得减少 恃强凌弱的行为。
The maximum number of students in each class is 58.
每个班学生人数的最高限额是58名。4. Seabirds could be used to show the way
to land when it was nowhere to be seen.
【考点】 when在高考中常考的用法有：（1）作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。（2）作连接副词，引导名词性从句或不定式，意为“什么时候”。从句使用陈述句语序，时态根据实际情况而定。（3） 作关系副词，引导定语从句。（4） 意为“这时”，构成句型： ... was / were about to do ... when ...； ... was / were doing ... when ...； ... was / were going to do ... when ...； ... was / were on the point of doing ... when ...； ... had done ... when ...。【考例】 Tom was about to close the window _____ his attention was caught by a bird. (2010 大纲全国卷II)
A. when B. if
C. and D. till
【点拨】 选A。句意为“汤姆正要关窗，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引了。” be about to do sth. when ... 是一个固定句式，表示“某人正要做……这时……”。 nowhere adv.
无处, 到处都无
该词用于句首时，要用倒装语序。
e.g. I have no job and nowhere to live.
我没工作，也没地方住。
Nowhere could I see him.
我哪儿也看不到他。 Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else ______ such a beautiful palace.
A. can you find B. you could find
C. you can find D. could you findnowhere else 是否定词，以否定词开头的句子要进行倒装。根据上一个句子的谓语动词可确定用一般现在时。
注：nowhere 置于句首时，句子要用倒装的语序。5. So seamen could follow the birds to land
even if they were offshore and in the
open sea.
offshore adj./adv. 向海面吹的, 离岸的, 海
面上的, 海上/下作业的
offshore workers 海上作业的工人
offshore bank/company/investment
境外银行/公司/投资 offshore wind/current etc.
从陆地吹向海面的风/离岸的潮流
e.g. The storm moved offshore.
风暴离岸移动。
A boat moored offshore.
船在近海下锚。6. They could accelerate the speed, but
they could also be dangerous.
accelerate vi./vt.
= to (cause to) move faster 加速, 促进
e.g. She accelerated her car and passed the bus in front.
她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。
The car suddenly accelerated.
那辆车突然开始加速。 There was no secure method of
measuring longitude until the 17th century when the British solved this theoretical problem.
secure
adj. 安全的, 可靠的, 放心的, 无虑的
v. 保护, 使安全
e.g. Our house is secure from flood.
我们的房子没有被淹的危险。Page 13 security n.安全，保安，保护
e.g. Security was tight during the President’s visit. 总统来访期间，保安工作十分严 密。
For security reasons the visitors were searched. 为了安全起见，来宾受到了检查。Some measures are needed to secure the bank from a flood. 这道堤防需要采取一些措施, 免得被洪水冲坏。2. The compass has a special magnetic
pointer which always indicates the
North Pole.
magnetic adj. 磁的, 有磁性的, 有吸引
力的
magnet n. 磁体, 磁铁
a magnetic recorder 磁录音机 e.g. a magnetic compass bearing
可分辨磁极方向的罗盘
a magnetic person
有魅力的人
The iron has lost its magnetic force.
这铁已失去磁力。 3. Then he could tell if he was sailing on his correct rather than a random course.
random n. 随意, 任意
adj. 任意的, 随便的, 胡乱的
make a random choice 任意选择
at random = aimlessly; without any
plan 随机，随便e.g. The travelers at the airport were searched at random.
（搜查人员对）机场上的旅客随便选 几个人加以搜查。
Soiled dishes were piled at random.
脏碟子乱七八糟地堆着。4. It was awkward to use as one of the
points of reference was the moving ship
itself.
awkward adj. 难使用的, 笨拙的, 尴尬的;
棘手的, 难处理的An awkward situation arose during the peace talks.
在和平谈判中出现了棘手的情况。e.g. There was an awkward silence, when no one knew what to say.
当谁都不知道说什么时，出现了令人尴
尬的沉默。5. This was a more precise and simplified version of the astrolabe.
precise adj. 精确的, 准确的
precision n. 精确(性), 精密(度)
e.g. A lawyer needs a precise mind. 律师需要一丝不苟的精神。
A camera is an instrument of precision. 照相机是一种精密仪器。 【拓展】
precisely adv. 准确地；恰好地
to be (more) precise
确切地说，准确地说
e.g. The shelf is about a meter long —
well, 98 cm, to be precise.
架子长约1米。嗯，准确地说，是98
厘米。【小试】 用 precise 的适当形式填空。
I can be reasonably _______ about the
time of the incident.
2. The children are _________ the ones who will suffer if they get divorced.preciseprecisely simplify vt. 单一化, 简单化
simple adj. 简单的
e.g. The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to understand. 这个故事里的英语被简写以便更容易理解。
His father lived a simple life in the country.
他父亲在农村过着简朴的生活。6. It was easier to handle because it was
more portable.
【考点 1】
handle的意义和用法。句中的handle 是及物动词, 表示“操作, 操纵”。此外, handle还有“拿；指挥；管理, 处理； 经营”等含义。【考例】
As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to ________ the problem.
A. handle B. raise
C. face D. present【点拨】
本题考查动词辨析。句意为：因为这儿没有人知道机器到底出了什么毛病，所以我们必须派人去请一位工程师来处理这个问题。由句意可知，handle 符合语境。raise 举起，提高，提出；face 面对，朝；present 赠送，呈交。【考点 2】
句型“主语 + 系动词 + 形容词 + to do”的用法。在此结构中, 如动词不定式表示的动作与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，则用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。如果动词不定式的动词是不及物动词, 则要后接相应的介词。【考例】
I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____.
A. to be breathed B. to breathe
C. breathing D. being breathed
【点拨】第二个句子结构为 “be + 形容词 + to do”，用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。portable adj. 轻便的, 手提(式)的, 便携式的
a portable typewriter 提式打字机
a portable generator 便携式发电机7. Its shortcoming was that it still used
the moving ship as one of the fixed
points of reference.reference n. 提及, 涉及, 参考, 参考书目,
证明书(人), 介绍信(人)
e.g. At the meeting the teacher made
references to his heroic deeds.
在会上老师提到了他的英雄事迹。
These are reference books for teachers.
这些是教师参考书。 refer v. 提到, 涉及, 查阅, 咨询
e.g. Her pupils often refer to this dictionary.
她的学生经常查这本字典。
Don’t refer to it again. 别再提那件事。 shortcoming n. 缺点, 短处(常用复数)
e.g. In spite of all her shortcomings, she is still the best teacher the school has.
她尽管有些缺点，但仍然是该校最好的教师。8. The sextant was the updated version of
the astrolabe and quadrant which
reduced the tendency to make mistakes.
update v. 使现代化, 修正, 校正, 更新
n. 现代化, 更新
updated adj. 最新的, 现代化的, 适时的
an updated and revised edition
最新修订本tendency n. 趋向, 倾向
e.g. We’ve noticed a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices.
我们注意到一种趋势，越来越多的人在家里工作而不在办公室里上班。have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事, 往往会做某事
e.g. Jean’s nice but she has a tendency
to talk too much.
简人倒不错，就是往往太唠叨。9. It proved to be the most accurate and
reliable of these early navigational
instruments.
reliable adj. 可靠的, 可信赖的
rely v. 依赖, 依靠, 信赖, 信任, 依赖于
reliability n.可靠性
e.g. She may forget to come --- she is not
very reliable.
她可能忘来了，她太不可靠。课文长句难句剖析
The compass has a special magnetic pointer which always indicates the North Pole, so it is used to help find the direction that the ship needs to go. 译文：指南针有一个特殊的磁针，始终指着北极。因此人们用它来帮助找出船只所要去的方向。剖析: pointer 是先行词, which 是引导词, 在从句中作主语, 引导后面定语从句always indicates the North Pole; so 引导后面的是结果状语从句; it 作形式主语, 真正的主语是 to help find the direction; the direction 作为先行词, that 是引导词, 引导定语从句 the ship needs to go。I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示, 写出各单词的正确形式。
1. The v______ from England to India used to take 6 months.
2. A senior Chinese official said that China would actively plan its deep space ___________ (探险) over the next five years.voyageexploration练习坊3. Suddenly, the sun rose above the h________, and it looked just like a golden disk giving its dazzling sunshine.
4. ________ (海草), which can be very tiny, or quite large, growing up to 30 metres long, are a fascinating and diverse group of organisms living
in the earth’s oceans.horizonSeaweeds5. As the t_____ receded we were able to look for shells.
6. She s___________ the instructions so that the children could understand them easily.
7. His book on history contains many ____________ (提到) to George Washington. tidesimplifiedreferences8. He ________ (存) a sum of money in the bank each month.
9. The railway t________ shows the time when the trains arrive and depart.
10. The __________ (最低的) wage is 4.25 dollars an hour.timetableminimumdepositsII. 用适当的介词填空。
1. I have nothing to say ____ relation to that matter.
2. The refugees were ____ sea for forty days before reaching land.
3. What will you do when you’re ____ the mercy of the weather?
4. We were caught ____ the storm and got drenched.inatatin5. Many of the tourists _____ board had begun bargaining with the tradesman.
6. They set out ____ sunrise.
7. _____ addition to an album, I gave him a pen and a pencil.
8. He is ____ his journey to Canada.onatInonIII. 用方框内所给词组的适当形式完成下
列句子（其中有两个词组是多余的）。cope with, at the mercy of, work out, set loose, close to, take ... off, to one’s astonishment, attach ... to, take over, compare ... with, in addition to, aim to1. ______________ giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience.
2. He used to tell me that he ________
be a writer but it turned out
that he became a doctor.In addition toaimed to3. It was a reasonable assessment and probably pretty ________ the truth.
4. The workers find themselves absolutely ________________ the capitalists．
5. Inexperienced as he was, he could __________ the difficulties wonderfully well.close toat the mercy ofcope with6. He kept his men alive by keeping them busy so as to ____ their minds ___ their stomachs and their thirst.
7. She _________ great value ___ being financially independent.attaches totake off8. I spotted a shooting star which, ______ ____________, was bright green in color.
9. When she fell ill, her daughter ________ the business from her.
10. There will be a full investigation to ________ what caused the accident.astonishmenttook overwork outto my