2024届高考英语二轮总复习 专题课件（共10份打包）

(共165张PPT)
考前抢分
必背
第二部分　背语篇中的常考词汇
英 语
一、常考的熟词生义
Group 1
1.about(熟义: prep.关于; 在……附近)
The manager seems to have no money about him.(prep.在……身上)
2.across (熟义: prep.从……一边到另一边)
The yard measures about 50 feet across.(adv.宽)
3.address (熟义: v.致函　n.地址)
We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.(v.设法解决; 处理)
4.advance(熟义: v.& n.前进)
The new assistant asked for an advance on her salary.(n.预付款)
5.against(熟义: prep.反对; 紧靠; 与……相反)
The painting looks nice against the white wall.(prep.以……为背景; 衬托)
6.age(熟义: n.年龄)
As he aged, his memory got worse.(v.变老)
7.announce(熟义: v.宣布)
Footsteps announced his return.(v.显示)
8.around(熟义: prep.四周; 周围)
I knocked but there was no one around.(adv.出现)
Around 200 people were present at the conference.(prep.大约)
9.back(熟义: n.后面　adv.在背面)
If you back your car out of the driveway, I can get mine in.(v.倒退)
Many of his friends backed his plan of creating another platform.(v.支持)
10.badly(熟义: adv.拙劣地; 差)
Both sides want to win the coming final so badly.(adv.很, 非常)
11.balance(熟义: v.& n.平衡)
Make sure to check your bank balance.(n.余额)
12.bar(熟义: n.棒; 条; 酒吧)
Poor health may be a bar to success in life.(n.障碍)
13.blue(熟义: adj.蓝色的)
Your elder sister appeared blue when she failed in her experiment last time.(adj.忧伤的)
14.build(熟义: v.建设)
My personal bodyguard has an average build.(n.身材; 体形)
15.cause(熟义: v.导致)
These young graduates are working for a good cause and I am proud of them.(n.事业)
Group 2
1.chance(熟义: n.机会)
I'm not sure of my success, but let me take a chance.(n.冒险)
They chanced to be staying at the same hotel.(v.碰巧)
2.cost(熟义: v.需付费　n.费用; 成本; 代价)
The accident cost me a visit to the doctor.(v.使做不愉快的事)
3.count(熟义: n.& v.数数)
There are 10 parents in the classroom counting two teachers.(v.包括)
Every point in this game counts.(v.重要)
4.cover(熟义: v.覆盖)
The tourists had covered 20 miles before dark.(v.行走)
Yesterday's discussion covered a lot of topics.(v.涉及)
Your parents will have to cover your tuition fees.(v.足以支付)
5.cross(熟义: v.穿越; 渡过　n.十字形记号)
I was cross with him for being late.(adj.生气的)
6.cut(熟义: v.割)
His cruel remarks cut her deeply.(v.伤害)
7.develop(熟义: v.发展; 开发; 研制)
Did you have the films developed [v.冲洗(胶片)]
His son developed asthma when he was two.(v.患病)
8.digest(熟义: v.消化　n.文摘)
I struggle to digest the news in today's newspaper.(v.理解; 领悟)
9.do(熟义: v.做)
How is the business doing (v.进展, 进行)
10.down(熟义: adv.向下; 在下面)
I have been down ever since I heard the news.(adj.情绪低落)
11.employ(熟义: v.雇用)
The police employed force to open the door.(v.使用)
12.escape(熟义: v.逃跑; 逃脱)
His name escapes me.(v.被忘掉; 被忽视)
13.even(熟义: adv.甚至)
He spoke in a steady,even voice.(adj.温和的; 镇定的)
The two players were pretty even.(adj.同一水平的;不相上下的)
14.express(熟义: v.表达)
Is there an express from Nanjing to Shanghai (n.特快列车)
I'll express the seafood to my parents.(v.快递邮寄)
15.fail(熟义: v.失败)
Her eyesight is failing.(v.衰退)
When he lost his job, he felt he had failed his family.(v.使失望; 有负于)
Group 3
1.fair(熟义: adj.公正的; 合理的)
My sixty-year-old grandma has long fair hair.(adj.浅色的)
An antique fair will be held in the city of Qufu.(n.商品交易会; 展销会)
2.figure(熟义: n.数字; 图形)
I figured that if I took the night train, I could be in Scotland by the morning.(v.认为; 认定)
Happily, my former deskmate is a leading figure in the music industry.(n.人物)
3.fine(熟义: adj.美好的; 晴朗的)
The man will be fined if he parks the car there.(v.对……处以罚款)
4.force(熟义: v.强迫)
The hostess forced her way through the crowd of reporters.(v.用力; 强行)
My head teacher forced a smile when he saw me.(v.强装欢笑)
5.fresh(熟义: adj.新鲜的)
There is a shortage of fresh water on the island.(adj.淡的; 无盐的)
6.gain(熟义: v.获得; 赢得)
My watch gains two minutes every 24 hours. [v.(钟表)快]
7.given(熟义: prep.考虑到)
They were to meet at a given time and place.(adj.规定的)
8.go(熟义: v.去; 走)
This information goes to prove my point.(v.有助于)
How does that song go [v.(歌曲)唱道]
9.hit(熟义: v.击中; 打击)
Her new series is a smash hit.[n.很受欢迎的人(或事物)]
I couldn't remember where I'd seen him before, and then it suddenly hit me.(v.使突然想起)
10.hot(熟义: adj.热的)
We're waiting for the hot news on the election results.(adj.最新的)
This is one of the hottest clubs in town.(adj.走红的)
11.ill(熟义: adj.有病; 坏的; 不良的)
They live in an area ill served by public transport.(adv.差劲)
12.inch(熟义: n.英寸)
She moved forward, inching towards the rope.[v.(使朝某方向)谨慎移动]
13.industry(熟义: n.工业; 行业)
We were impressed by their industry.(n.勤奋)
14.just(熟义: adv.正好; 恰好)
Many lawyers no longer viewed it as a just case.(adj.公正的)
15.key(熟义: n.钥匙; 答案)
He was a key figure in the campaign.(adj.关键的)
Group 4
1.kid(熟义: n.小孩)
Take it easy. The captain is just kidding.(v.开玩笑)
2.kill(熟义: v.杀死)
The chemist's joke killed the audience.(v.使笑得前仰后合)
3.last(熟义: adj.最后的　v.延续; 持续)
This salesgirl is the last person to tell a lie.(adj.最不可能的)
4.leave(熟义: v.离开; 遗弃)
Having worked hard for a long period, he decided to take a month's paid leave.(n.休假)
5.let(熟义: v.让)
The couple decided to let the smaller flat at a lower price.(v.出租)
6.long(熟义: adj.长久的)
The clerks are longing to see the poet in the near future.(v.渴望)
7.mean(熟义: v.意思是; 本意是)
Don't be so mean to your little brother!(adj.不善良; 刻薄)
8.narrow(熟义: adj.狭窄的)
He had a narrow escape when his car skidded on the ice.(adj.勉强的; 刚刚好的)
9.nobody(熟义: pron.没有人)
The coach wants to be famous. He is tired of being a nobody.(n.小人物)
10.observe(熟义: v.注意到; 观察到)
Do they observe the Spring Festival in this country (v.庆祝; 庆贺)
The workers belonging to the factory must observe the rules.[v.遵守(规则、法律等)]
11.occur(熟义: v.发生)
Sugar occurs naturally in fruit.(v.存在于; 出现在)
12.particular(熟义: adj.专指的)
She is very particular about what she eats and wears.(adj.挑剔; 讲究)
13.practice(熟义: n.实践; 练习)
It's his practice to read several books a week.(n.习惯)
Where is your medical practice [n.(医师、律师的)工作地点]
14.present(熟义: n.礼物　adj.现存的; 当前的)
The local MP will start the race and present the prizes.(v.颁发)
15.press(熟义: v.按; 压)
She pressed a letter into his hand and ran away.(v.将……塞进)
The story was reported in the press and on television.(n.报刊)
Group 5
1.price(熟义: n.价格)
Giving up his job was a small price to pay for his children's happiness.(n.代价)
2.promise(熟义: v.& n.许诺)
It promises to be an exciting few days.(v.使很可能)
3.raise(熟义: v.提高; 饲养)
We had to raise money for our project.(v.筹募)
His behaviour has raised some people's doubt.(v.引起)
4.read(熟义: v.阅读)
The thermometer(温度计) has been reading over 90 degrees all day.(v.显示)
5.reason(熟义: n.原因)
She reasoned that she must have left her bag on the train.(v.推理)
6.receive(熟义: v.收到)
The first customers were received as honoured guests in the newly-opened supermarket.(v.接待; 欢迎)
She won the toss and chose to receive.[v.接(发球)]
7.reflect(熟义: v.映出; 反射)
Before I decide, I need time to reflect.(v.认真思考)
8.rest(熟义: v.休息　n.休息时间)
She rested her head on her husband's shoulder.[v.(使)倚靠]
9.return(熟义: v.回来; 退还)
Would you like a single or a return (n.来回票)
10.rich(熟义: adj.富有的)
I don't like that kind of rich chocolate dessert.(adj.油腻的)
11.ripe(熟义: adj.成熟的)
The conditions were ripe for social change.(adj.时机成熟的; 适宜的)
12.round(熟义: prep.& adv.环绕　adj.圆形的)
There was a great round of applause when the dance ended.(n.一阵)
Kate was knocked out of the tournament in the third round.(n.轮次)
13.run(熟义: v.跑)
My father runs a fruit shop in our neighbourhood.(v.经营; 管理)
14.rush(熟义: v.迅速移动)
Don't rush me. I need time to think about it.[v.(使)仓促行事]
15.say(熟义: v.说)
Say you lose your job, what would you do (v.假设)
Group 6
1.see(熟义: v.看见)
I can't see her changing her mind.(v.设想;想象)
2.shape(熟义: n.形状)
He's in good shape for a man of his age.(n.状况)
His generation firmly believed they could shape the future.(v.影响……的发展)
3.share(熟义: v.分享)
Next year we hope to have a bigger share of the market.(n.股份)
4.sharp(熟义: adj.锋利的; 锐利的)
Please come here at seven o'clock sharp.(adv.……整)
There was a sharp knock on the door.(adj.突然而响亮的)
5.shock(熟义: n.& v.震惊)
Don't touch that wire or you will get a shock.(n.电)
6.shoot(熟义: v.射击; 发射)
The trees put out new shoots in spring.(n.嫩枝; 芽)
7.shoulder(熟义: n.肩膀)
Young people should learn to shoulder the duty.(v.承担)
8.soul(熟义: n.灵魂)
There wasn't a soul in sight.(n.人)
9.sound(熟义: n.声音)
He gave me some very sound advice.(adj.明智的; 合理的)
The boy had a sound sleep with her mother lying beside him.(adj.酣畅的)
10.spare(熟义: adj.备用的; 空余的　v.拨出; 抽出)
You could have spared yourself an unnecessary trip by phoning in advance.
(v.免去)
11.stand(熟义: v.站立; 承受)
There used to be a newspaper stand at the corner.(n.货摊; 售货亭)
12.strength(熟义: n.力气)
Each of us has our own strengths and weaknesses.(n.优势)
13.stress(熟义: n.压力)
The educator stressed the importance of a good education.(v.强调)
14.strike(熟义: n.突击; 罢工)
It struck me that we might have made the wrong decision.(v.突然想到)
15.succeed(熟义: v.成功)
One idea succeeded to another with a rush.(v.接连)
Jim has just succeeded to his father's estate.(v.继承)
Group 7
1.taste(熟义: n.味道; 味觉)
The colour and style is a matter of personal taste.(n.爱好)
The disabled girl has very good taste in music.(n.欣赏力; 鉴赏力)
2.tell(熟义: v.告诉)
Can you tell the difference between them.(v.辨别; 辨析)
Your unselfish work is at last beginning to tell.(v.产生效果)
3.ticket(熟义: n.票)
Both the new drivers got a ticket for speeding.(n.罚款单)
4.tight(熟义: adj.牢固的; 紧的)
To be honest, we have a very tight budget recently.(adj.拮据的)
5.touch(熟义: n.& v.触摸)
What the general manager said really touched me.(v.感动; 触动)
6.treat(熟义: v.以……态度对待; 处理; 治疗)
Be brave and I'll treat you to an ice-cream after the hiking.[v.款待, 请(客)]
7.view(熟义: n.看法; 风景)
How do you view the online learning during the long holiday (v.以……看待)
8.voice(熟义: n.噪声)
The man in charge voiced some doubts about our plan.(v.表示; 表达)
9.walk(熟义: v.& n.行走; 步行)
People from all walks are working hard to build a stronger and richer country.(n.阶层)
He always walked her home.(v.陪伴……走; 护送……走)
10.wander(熟义: v.漫游; 游荡)
Try not to let your mind wander.[v.走神; 神志恍惚; (思想)开小差]
11.warm(熟义: adj.温暖的)
I warmed to her mother from the start.(v.同情)
12.wear(熟义: v.穿; 戴)
The ticket collector always wears a happy smile.[v.流露, 面带, 呈现(某种神态)]
I suggest you buy this new material, because it wears well.(v.耐用)
13.weigh(熟义: v.重; 有……重)
You must weigh up the pros and cons.(v.权衡; 斟酌)
14.weight(熟义: n.重量)
How can you ignore the sheer weight of medical opinion.(n.重要性)
15.work(熟义: v.& n.工作)
The pills the doctor gave me aren't working.(v.奏效)
二、阅读理解障碍词
Group 1
1.abandon v.放弃; 抛弃　　　　　　　 2.abnormal adj.反常的; 变态的
3.absolutely adv.完全地; 绝对地 4.abstract adj.抽象的　n.摘要
5.academic adj.学术的　n.高等院校教师 6.access n.通道; 入径; 机会
7.accommodation n.住处; 住宿 8.accompany v.陪伴; 为……伴奏
9.accountant n.会计 10.accurate adj.精确的; 准确的
11.acknowledge v.承认; 感谢 12.acquire v.获得
13.adaptation n.适应; 改编本 14.addicted adj.有瘾; 入迷
15.additional adj.额外的; 附加的 16.administration n.管理; 行政部门
17.adopt v.收养; 采用 18.adorable adj.可爱的
19.advocate v.提倡　n.拥护者 20.agency n.服务机构
21.agenda n.议程表 22.agreeable adj.愉悦的; 欣然同意
23.alcohol n.酒; 酒精 24.allowance n.津贴
25.alternative adj.可供替代的　n.供选择的事物
26.amateur adj.业余爱好的　n.业余爱好者
27.ambitious adj.有野心的; 有雄心的 28.ambulance n.救护车
29.angle n.角度 30.annual adj.每年的; 年度的
31.anticipate v.预料; 预期 32.antique n.古董　adj.古老的
33.apparently adv.显然; 看来 34.appealing adj.有吸引力的
35.appropriate adj.恰当的; 合适的 36.approval n.赞成; 批准
37.arch n.拱门 38.architect n.建筑师　
39.artificial adj.人造的; 人工的 40.aspect n.方面; 外观
41.assess v.评定; 估定 42.association n.协会; 社团; 交往
43.assumption n.假定; 假设 44.astronomer n.天文学家
45.athletic adj.健壮的; 体育运动的 46.attainable adj.可达到的
47.automatic adj.自动的; 无意识的 48.autonomous adj.自治的; 自主的
49.availability n.可用性 50.barbecue n.烤架　v.烧烤
Group 2
1.barely adv.仅仅; 几乎没有 2.bearable adj.可忍受的
3.biological adj.生物学的 4.bond n.纽带; 关系　v.使牢固结合
5.bonus n.奖金; 红利
6.boost v.使增长; 使兴旺　n.增长; 提高
7.botanical adj.植物学的 8.bounce v.反射; 弹跳
9.brochure n.资料手册 10.budget n.预算
11.calendar n.日历; 挂历 12.calligraphy n.书法
13.campaign n.运动; 战役　v.参加运动 14.capability n.能力; 才能
15.capacity n.容量; 领悟能力 16.capsule n.(装药物的)胶囊; 太空舱
17.carbon n.碳; 复写纸 18.category n.种类; 类别
19.celebrity n.名人; 著名
20.certificate n.证明; 证明书　v.发给结业证书
21.characteristic adj.典型的; 特有的　n.特点; 特征
22.charge v.收费;控告 23.chorus n.合唱曲; 合唱团
24.circuit n.环形; 电路 25.circulation n.血液循环
26.circus n.马戏团; 圆形广场 27.cite v.列举;引述
28.civil adj.平民的 29.civilian n.平民; 老百姓
30.claim v.宣称;断言;索取;认领 31.clarify v.澄清; 阐明
32.clay n.黏土; 陶土 33.client n.客户; 委托人
34.collapse v.& n.倒塌; 崩溃 35.column n.柱; 栏
bination n.结合; 联合 edy n.喜剧; 喜剧片
ic adj.喜剧的　n.喜剧演员; 连环画杂志
mercial adj.商业的 mitment n.承诺; 奉献
41.comparison n.比较; 对比 42.competence n.能力, 胜任
plex adj.复杂的; 复合的 plicated adj.复杂的; 难懂的
ponent n.组成部分; 成分 pose v.组成; 构成; 作曲; 创作
prehension n.理解力 prehensive adj.全部的; 所有的
promise n.& v.妥协; 让步 50.concept n.概念; 观念
Group 3
1.concerning prep.关于; 涉及 2.concrete adj.具体的　n.混凝土
3.confirm v.证实, 证明 4.conflict n.冲突; 争执
5.Confucianism n.儒教; 孔子学说 6.confusion n.困惑; 混淆
7.consequent adj.随之发生的 8.conservation n.保护
9.considerate adj.体贴的; 考虑周到的 10.consistent adj.一致的; 连续的
11.constitution n.宪法; 章程 12.consultant n.顾问; 会诊医师
13.consultation n.咨询; 商讨 14.consumption n.消耗量; 消费
15.contact n.& v.联系; 联络
16.contemporary adj.同一时代的　n.同代人
17.continent n.大陆; 洲 18.contract n.合同; 契约
19.contradictory adj.相矛盾的; 对立的
20.contrary n.相反的事实　adj.相反的
21.contrast n.明显的差异; 对照
22.conventional adj.依照惯例的; 传统的 23.cooperate v.合作; 协作
24.core n.果心; 核心; 要点　adj.主要的; 基本的
25.corporation n.(大)公司 26.correspond v.相一致, 符合; 通信
27.costume n.戏装; 服装 28.council n.地方议会
29.courageous adj.勇敢的; 无畏的 30.coverage n.新闻报道; 覆盖范围
31.crash v.& n.碰撞 32.crayon n.彩色铅笔
33.creature n.生物; 动物 34.credit n.信用; 信款
35.crisis n.危机; 危急关头 36.criterion n.(pl.criteria) 标准; 准则
37.critical adj.批评的; 挑剔的; 关键的 38.criticise v.批评; 指责
39.crucial adj.至关重要的; 关键性的 40.cuisine n.菜肴; 烹饪
41.decent adj.像样的; 得体的
42.define v.给……下定义; 阐明; 明确; 界定
43.definitely adv.肯定; 当然 44.deletion n.删除
45.delicate adj.易损的; 易碎的; 精致的 46.demonstrate v.证明; 说明
47.dependent adj.依靠的; 依赖的 48.depress v.使沮丧; 使消沉
49.detect v.发现; 查明 50.device n.装置; 设备; 方法
Group 4
1.dignity n.庄严; 尊严 2.dimension n.维; 规模
3.discipline n.纪律; 训练　v.处罚 4.discrimination n.歧视
5.distinct adj.清晰的; 不同的 6.distinguish v.区别; 识别
7.distribution n.分配; 分布; 分发 8.dizzy adj.头晕目眩的
9.domain n.领域; 范围; 领土
10.domestic adj.本国的; 国内的; 家用的
11.dominate v.支配; 控制 12.dramatic adj.戏剧的; 激动人心的
13.duration n.持续时间; 期间
14.dynamic adj.充满活力且个性鲜明的　n.动力
15.ecological adj.生态的; 生态学的 16.efficient adj.效率高的
17.elegant adj.优雅的; 简明的 18.emerge v.出现; 显露
19.emergency n.紧急情况; 突发事件 20.emphasis n.强调; 重读
21.encounter v.遭遇; 与……邂逅 22.enhance v.提高; 增强
23.enormous adj.巨大的; 极大的 24.enterprise n.公司; 事业
25.entry n.进入; 参赛人数; 条目 26.episode n.(小说的)片段; 插曲
27.essential adj.必不可少的; 极其重要的　n.必需品
28.establish v.建立; 创立
29.estate n.个人财产; 庄园 30.estimate n.估计　v.估价, 估计
31.evaluation n.评价; 评估 32.evidence n.证据; 证明
33.exceptional adj.杰出的; 特别的 34.expand v.扩大; 扩展
35.expansion n.扩张; 扩大 36.explosion n.爆炸; 激增
37.exposure n.揭露; (在电视、报纸等上的)亮相
38.extend v.使伸长; 扩展
39.extension n.扩大; 延伸 40.extent n.程度; 范围
41.external adj.外部的 42.extinction n.灭绝; 消亡
43.extreme adj.严重的; 极度的 44.fabric n.织物; 布料
45.facilitate v.促进; 促使 46.facility n.设施; 设备
47.fantasy n.幻想; 想象
48.feature n.特色; 特征; 专题节目　v.以……为特色
49.fibre (fiber) n.(食物中的)纤维素; 纤维制品
50.fiction n.小说; 虚构的事
Group 5
1.financial adj.财政的; 金融的
2.flavour(flavor) n.味道　v.给(食物或饮料)调味
3.fluency n.流利; 流畅 4.foundation n.地基; 基础; 根据
5.fountain n.喷泉 6.frankly adv.坦率地; 直率地
7.frequently adv.频繁地; 经常地 8.friction n.摩擦
9.frontier n.边境; 边远地区
10.fundamental adj.十分重大的; 根本的
11.generate v.产生; 引起 12.genius n.天才; 天才人物
13.genuine adj.真的; 真诚的 14.geometry n.几何(学)
15.grand adj.宏伟的; 壮丽的 16.guarantee v.保证; 担保　n.保修单
17.guilty adj.感到内疚的; 感到惭愧的 18.gymnastics n.体操; 体操训练
19.harmonious adj.和谐的; 协调的 20.harmony n.和睦; 融洽
21.herb n.药草; 草本 22.heroine n.女英雄; 女主角
23.highlight v.突出; 强调　n.最好的部分
24.humble adj.谦逊的; 卑微的　v.使感到卑微
25.hydrogen n.氢气
26.ideal adj.理想的　n.完美的人(或事物)
27.identical adj.相同的; 同一的 28.identify v.确认; 认出; 鉴定
29.identity n.身份; 特征; 相同 30.ignore v.忽视; 对……不予理会
31.illustrate v.加插图于; (用示例、图画等)说明, 解释
32.incredible adj.不能相信的; 极好的
33.indicate v.标示; 表明; 暗示
34.individual adj.单独的; 独特的　n.个人
35.infection n.传染; 传染病 36.infer v.推断; 推理
37.initial adj.最初的; 开始的 38.initiative n.倡议; 新方案
39.innocence n.清白; 无辜; 天真; 单纯 40.innovation n.创新; 改革
41.insight n.洞察力; 领悟 42.inspection n.视察; 检查
43.institution n.机构; 制度 44.insurance n.保险; 保险费
45.integrate v.(使)合并; 成为一体 46.integrity n.诚实正直; 完整
47.intelligent adj.聪明的; 有智力的 48.intense adj.强烈的; 严肃紧张的
49.interaction n.相互影响; 交互作用 50.internal adj.内部的; 里面的
Group 6
1.interpret v.说明; 口译 2.interrupt v.打岔; 插嘴
3.intervention n.介入; 干预 4.investigate v.调查
5.investment n.投资; 投资额
6.issue n.重要议题; 争论的问题　v.发表; 宣布
7.joint adj.联合的; 共同的　n.关节
8.justify v.证明……正确; 对……作出解释
9.landscape n.风景　v.美化……的环境 10.leisure n.闲暇; 空闲
11.liberation n.解放 12.liberty n.自由
13.literally adv.按字面; 字面上 14.logical adj.符合逻辑的; 合乎常理的
15.lunar adj.月球的 16.luxury n.奢华; 奢侈品
17.maintain v.维持; 保持; 维修 18.massive adj.大而重的; 结实的
19.mature adj.成熟的
20.maximum adj.最多的; 最大极限的　n.最大量
21.mechanic n.机械师; 技工
22.medium n.(pl.media)媒介; 手段　adj.中等的; 中号的
23.memorial adj.纪念的　n.纪念物; 纪念碑
24.merciful adj.仁慈的; 宽大的
25.minimum adj.最低的; 最小的　n.最小值
26.mission n.代表团; 使命 27.mode n.方式; 风格; 模式
28.motion n.运动; 动作　v.做动作; 示意
29.motive n.动机; 原因 30.multiple adj.数量多的　n.倍数
31.narrowly adv.勉强地; 狭隘地 32.negotiate v.谈判; 协商
33.nuclear adj.核能的 34.nutrient n.营养素; 营养物
35.objective n.目标; 目的　adj.客观的 36.occupation n.职业; 占领
37.occurrence n.发生的事情 38.opponent n.对手; 竞争者
39.oppose v.反对; 抵制 40.optimism n.乐观; 乐观主义
41.option n.选择; 选择权 42.orbit n.轨道　v.沿轨道运行
43.organ n.器官
44.organic adj.有机的; 绿色的; 器官的
45.origin n.起源; 出身
46.original adj.最早的; 独创的　n.原作; 原稿
47.output n.产量; 输出　v.输出 48.panel n.嵌板; 专家咨询组
49.participate v.参加; 参与 50.passion n.强烈情感
Group 7
1.passive adj.被动的; 消极的 2.pattern n.式样; 模型
3.peak n.山峰　v.达到高峰 4.perceive v.注意到; 察觉到
5.permanent adj.永久的; 长久的 6.personal adj.个人的; 私人的
7.pessimistic adj.悲观的; 悲观主义的
8.phenomenon n.(pl.phenomena) 现象
9.philosophy n.哲学 10.plain adj.清楚的; 朴素的
11.plot n.故事情节 12.plug n.插头　v.堵塞
13.polish v.擦光; 润饰 14.pose v.摆好姿势　n.姿势
15.possession n.拥有; 具有 16.postpone v.延迟; 延期
17.potential adj.潜在的; 可能的　n.可能性; 潜在性
18.precisely adv.准确地; 恰好地
19.prejudice n.偏见; 成见 20.premier adj.首要的　n.总理, 首相
21.presentation n.授予; 展示; 介绍 22.preserve v.保护; 保留; 保存
23.previously adv.先前; 以前 24.primary adj.主要的; 基本的
25.primitive adj.原始的; 落后的 26.principle n.原则; 原理; 行为准则
27.prior adj.先前的; 较早的; 优先的 28.priority n.优先; 优先事项
29.proceed v.继续做(或从事、进行) 30.profile n.侧面轮廓　v.概述
31.prohibit v.禁止; 阻止
32.property n.所有物; 财产; 不动产; 房地产
33.proposal n.提议; 建议; 求婚 34.prospect n.希望; 前景; 前途
35.protein n.蛋白质 36.protest n.抗议; 抗议书
37.psychology n.心理学; 心理 38.pursue v.追求; 致力于
39.qualification n.资格; 资格证书 40.quote v.& n.引用; 引述
41.radiation n.辐射; 放射线 42.radium n.镭
43.random adj.随意的; 随机的　n.随意; 随机
44.rating n.等级; 级别
45.realistic adj.现实的; 实际的; 逼真的 46.receipt n.接收; 收据; 收条
47.recipe n.食谱; 烹饪法 48.recreation n.娱乐; 消遣
49.reference n.提到; 谈及; 参考; 查阅 50.reform v.& n.改革; 改良
Group 8
1.region n.地区; 区域 2.register v.登记, 注册　n.注册簿
3.release v.& n.释放; 放出; 发布 4.relevant adj.紧密相关的
5.remarkable adj.非凡的; 显著的 6.remote adj.偏远的; 遥远的
7.representative n.代表 8.reputation n.名声; 名誉
9.reserve v .预订; 预约　n.储备(量); 保护区
10.resident n.居民; 住户
11.resign v.辞职; 辞去(某职务) 12.resistance n.反对; 抵制; 抗拒
13.resolution n.决议; 决心 14.resolve v.解决; 决心
15.respective adj.分别的; 各自的 16.response n.反应; 回答
17.restore v.恢复; 修复; 整修 18.restrict v.限制; 约束
19.retiree n.退休者 20.reveal v.揭示; 透露; 展示
21.revise v.修改; 复习; 温习 22.rhyme n.押韵词　v.押韵
23.rigid adj.死板的; 僵硬的 24.ripen v.(使)成熟
25.risky adj.有危险(或风险)的
26.romantic adj.浪漫的; 爱情的　n.浪漫的人
27.royal adj.皇家的; 王室的　n.王室成员
28.rural adj.乡村的; 农村的 29.sample n.样本; 样品　v.抽样检验
30.schedule n.工作计划; 日程安排　v.预定
31.scream v.& n.尖叫 32.sculpture n.雕刻; 雕刻品
33.secondary adj.次要的; 从属的 34.section n.部分; 部门
35.secure adj.可靠的　v.获得, 实现;拴牢 36.security n.保护措施; 安全工作
37.separately adv.单独地; 分别地 38.session n.一段时间; 一场
39.setting n.环境; 背景 40.severe adj.十分严重的; 严厉的
41.sheet n.床单; 薄片; 一张
42.shelter n.庇护处; 避难处　v.保护; 掩蔽
43.shift v.& n.转移; 改变; 转向 44.significant adj.有重大意义的
45.similarly adv.相似地; 同样 46.simplify v.使简化; 使简易
47.sincerely adv.真诚地; 诚实地 48.skilfully adv.熟练地
49.socially adv.社会上; 交际上 50.socialist n.社会主义者
Group 9
1.solar adj.太阳的; 太阳能的 2.solid adj.固体的; 坚硬的　n.固体
3.solution n.解决办法; 答案 4.somewhat adv.有点; 稍微
5.sorrow n.悲伤; 悲痛 6.sour adj.酸的; 有酸味的
7.source n.来源; 出处; 起源; 根源 8.specialist n.专家; 专科医生
9.specially adv.专门地; 特意; 特别; 尤其
10.species n.种; 物种
11.specific adj.具体的, 特定的; 明确的 12.spiritual adj.精神的; 心灵的
13.splendid adj.壮丽的; 豪华的 14.sponsor n.赞助者　v.赞助
15.sportsmanship n.体育精神 16.spot n.地点; 斑点; 污渍　v.发现
17.stability n.稳定(性); 稳固(性)
18.stadium n.(pl.stadia)体育场; 运动场
19.statistic n.统计数据 20.statue n.雕像; 雕塑
21.stimulate v.促进; 激发; 激励 22.strategy n.策略; 策划; 战略
23.stretch v.拉长; 拽宽; 撑大　n.一片 24.striking adj.引人注目的; 显著的
25.string n.线; 细绳 26.stuff n.东西; 物品　v.装满; 塞满
27.subjective adj.主观的; 主语的
28.submit v.提交, 呈递(文件、建议等); 顺从
29.subscribe v.订阅; 报名 30.subsequent adj.随后的; 后来的
31.substance n.物质; 物品; 实质
32.substantial adj.大量的; 重大的; 牢固的
33.suburb n.郊区; 城外 34.sufficient adj.足够的; 充足的
35.summarise v.总结; 概括 36.super adj.顶好的; 超级的
37.superb adj.极佳的; 卓越的
38.superior adj.更高的; 占优势的　n.上级
39.surgeon n.外科医生 40.surgery n.外科手术; 外科学
41.suspect v.怀疑; 不信任 42.suspend v.悬; 挂; 吊; 暂停
43.sustain v.维持; 使保持 44.switch v.转换; 改变　n.开关
45.symbolise v.象征; 是……的象征 46.sympathy n.同情; 支持
47.symphony n.交响乐; 交响曲 48.systematic adj.系统的; 有条理的
49.tackle v.应付, 处理, 解决(难题或局面)
50.technique n.技术; 技能; 工艺
Group 10
1.technology n.科技; 工艺 2.temporary adj.暂时的; 临时的
3.tendency n.倾向; 趋势 4.tension n.紧张; 拉伸
5.territory n.领土; 版图 6.theoretical adj.假设的; 理论上的
7.threaten v.威胁; 恐吓 8.tightly adv.紧紧地; 牢固地
9.tissue n.纸巾; 薄纸; (细胞)组织 10.tolerate v.容忍; 忍受
11.tone n.语气; 口气; 腔调; 情调
12.tough adj.棘手的; 强硬的　n.粗暴的人
13.tournament n.锦标赛; 联赛 14.transform v.使改观
15.transport n.交通运输系统 16.trunk n.树干; 象鼻;行李箱
17.typically adv.通常; 一般; 典型地 18.ultimately adv.最终; 根本上
19.uniquely adv.唯一地 20.universal adj.全世界的; 普遍的
21.update v.更新; 向……提供最新信息 22.urban n.都市的; 城市的
23.urge v.催促; 力劝 24.urgent adj.紧急的; 急切的
25.valueless adj.没有价值的; 不值钱的 26.variation n.变化; 变更
27.vary v.改变; 变化 28.vast adj.巨大的; 辽阔的
29.vehicle n.交通工具; 车辆; 手段 30.venue n.活动场地
31.version n.版本; 描述
32.violently adv.强烈地; 激烈地; 凶猛地
33.virtual adj.事实上的; 实际上的; 虚拟的
34.virtue n.美德; 优秀品质 35.virus n.病毒
36.visible adj.看得见的; 明显的 37.vision n.视力; 视野; 想象
38.visual adj.视觉的; 视力的　n.视觉资料
39.vital adj.对……极重要的; 必不可少的 40.vivid adj.逼真的; 生动的
41.volcano n.火山 42.volume n.体积; 容积; 容量; 音量
43.ward n.病房; 受监护人 44.weapon n.武器; 凶器
45.welfare n.幸福; 福利 46.widespread adj.分布广的; 普遍的
47.withdraw v.撤离; 提,取 48.wrapping n.包装材料; 包装纸
49.wrestle v.摔跤; 全力解决 50.wrinkle n.皱纹　v.起皱纹; 起皱褶
三、完形填空高频词
Group 1
1.anxiety n.焦虑; 担心; 害怕　　　 2.anxious adj.焦虑的; 不安的
3.apart adv.分离; 分开; 成碎片 4.appear v.出现; 显现; 似乎
5.appointment n.预约; 约会; 委任 6.appreciate v.欣赏; 重视; 感激; 领会
7.approach n.方法; 途径; 接近　v.接近; 接洽; 靠近
8.arrival n.到达 9.ashamed adj.羞耻的; 惭愧的
10.assist v.帮助; 协助; 援助
11.attach v.把……固定; (使)与……有联系
12.attack n. & v.攻击 13.avoid v.避免; 回避
14.awkward adj.令人尴尬的; 难对付的
15.basic adj.基本的; 基础的 16.behaviour n.行为; 举止; 活动方式
17.benefit n.益处　v.使受益; 得益于
18.besides adv.而且; 此外
19.beyond prep.在……较远的一边; 超出
20.bitter adj.严寒的; 激烈而不愉快的; 味苦的
21.blame v.把……归咎于; 责怪; 指责　n.责备; 指责
22.bravery n.勇敢; 勇气 23.broad adj.宽阔的; 广阔的; 广泛的
24.burden n.(义务、责任等的)重担, 负担　v.(使)负担
Group 2
1.calm adj.镇静的; 沉着的　v.使平静; 使镇静
2.care n.照料; 照顾; 小心　v.在意; 关心; 担忧
3.carve v.雕刻
4.challenge n.挑战; 艰巨任务　v.对……怀疑; 向……挑战
5.chance n.机会; 可能性
6.cheerful adj.兴高采烈的; 快乐的 7.choice n.选择; 挑选
8.circumstance n.条件; 环境; 状况
9.clap v.鼓掌; 拍手; 击掌　n.鼓掌; 拍手; 掌声
10.clean adj.干净的　v.使……干净 11.colleague n.同事
12.colour n.颜色　v.给……着色; 涂色
bine v.(使)结合; 混合
fort n.安慰; 令人感到安慰的人(或事物); 舒服; 安逸　v.安慰; 抚慰
fortable adj.使人舒服的; 舒适的
ment n.议论; 评论　v.表达意见
munication n.交流; 表达; 通信
pany n.公司; 商行; 陪伴 19.conclusion n.结论; 推论
20.condition n.条件; 状况 21.confuse v.使迷惑; 将……混淆
22.consequence n.结果; 后果 23.continue v.持续; 继续存在
24.contribute v.捐献; 撰稿 25.contribution n.捐款; 贡献; 捐赠
Group 3
1.convenient adj.方便的; 近便的
2.correct adj.正确的; 恰当的　v.改正; 纠正
3.cost　v.价钱为　n.花费; 价钱; 代价
4.courage n.勇敢; 勇气
5.cover v.覆盖; 遮盖; 掩蔽　n.覆盖物; 掩蔽物
6.crazy adj.不理智的; 疯狂的
7.crowd n.人群; 观众; 民众　v.挤满; 使……拥挤
8.cure v.治愈; 治好(疾病); 解决(问题)　n.药物; 治疗; (解决问题、改善糟糕情况等的)措施
9.curious adj.好奇的; 求知欲强的 10.decade n.十年; 十年期
11.decide v.决定; 选定 12.deed n.行为; 行动
13.defend v.防御; 保卫; 防守
14.delay v.推迟; 延期(做某事); 耽误; 耽搁　n.延误; 延迟的时间; 延期
15.deliberately adv.故意地; 蓄意地; 存心地
16.describe v.描述
17.design n.设计; 设计方案　v.设计; 筹划
18.destroy v.摧毁; 毁灭 19.determine v.查明; 决定
20.different adj.不同的 21.dig v.掘(地); 凿(洞); 挖(土)
22.digest v.消化; 领会; 领悟 23.direction n.方向; 方位
24.disappointment n.失望; 沮丧 25.discover v.发现; 发觉
26.disturb v.打扰; 搅乱; 使烦恼 27.dream n.梦想; 睡梦　v.做梦; 梦想
Group 4
1.drive v.驾驶; 迫使; 驱赶 2.drop v.掉下; 落下; 降低　n.滴; 下降
3.during prep.在……期间 4.eagerly adv.渴望地; 热切地
5.earn v.挣得; 赚得; 赢得; 博得 6.easy adj.容易的; 不费力的
7.education n.教育 8.embarrass v.使窘迫; (使)尴尬
9.empty adj.空的; 空洞的 10.energy n.能源; 能量; 精力
11.enjoy v.享受……的乐趣; 喜爱 12.enjoyable adj.令人愉快的; 有乐趣的
13.enter v.进来; 进去
14.entertainment n.招待; 娱乐活动; 文娱节目
15.enthusiastic adj.热情的; 热心的 16.entrance n.入口; 进入
17.environment n.环境 18.envy v.& n.羡慕; 忌妒
19.equal n.同等的人; 相等物　adj.相同的; 同样的
20.equipment n.设备; 装备 21.escape v.逃走; 逃脱; 避开
22.even adv.甚至; 连; 愈加 23.eventually adv.最后; 终于
24.excellent adj.极好的; 优秀的 25.excite v.使兴奋; 使激动
26.expect v.预料; 期待 27.expensive adj.昂贵的
Group 5
1.experiment n.实验; 试验 2.explain v.解释; 说明
3.extra adj.额外的; 附加的 4.extremely adv.极其; 非常
5.fade v.(使)变淡; 逐渐消失 6.failure n.失败; 失败的人(或事物)
7.fair n.商品交易会; 展销会　adj.公正的; 合理的; 白皙的
8.fall v.倒塌; 跌倒; 跌落　n.落下; 减少
9.familiar adj.熟悉的; 常见到的
10.feel v.感到; 觉得; 摸起来　n.触觉; 感受
11.finally adv.最后; 最终 12.find v.找到; 发现; 感到
13.finish v.完成; 做好 14.fire n.火; 火灾　v.开火; 射击
15.firm n.公司; 商行　adj.结实的; 坚固的; 坚定的
16.fond adj.喜爱 17.forbid v.禁止; 不准
18.forget v.忘记; 遗忘 19.forgive v.原谅; 宽恕
20.form n.形式; 类型 21.fortunately adv.幸运地
22.fortune n.大笔的钱; 运气
23.freedom n.自由; 不受……影响的状态
24.freeze v.结冰; (使)冻住; 惊呆 25.friendly adj.友好的
26.friendship n.友谊; 友情
Group 6
1.frighten v.使惊恐; 使惊吓 2.front n.前面; 前线　adj.前面的
3.function n.功能; 作用; 机能　v.起作用; 正常工作; 运转
4.future n.将来; 未来
5.gain v.获得; 赢得; 取得; 增加　n.好处; 增加
6.game n.游戏; 运动; 比赛 7.gather v.聚集; 收集; 收割; 集合
8.generally　adv.大体上; 普遍地 9.generous adj.慷慨的; 大方的
10.gift n.赠品; 礼物 11.goal n.目标; 球门; 射门
12.graduation n.毕业; 毕业典礼 13.gratefully adv.感激地
14.greedy adj.贪婪的; 贪心的 15.greet v.欢迎; 迎接
16.guess v.猜测; 估计 17.guide n.向导; 导游
18.habit n.习惯; 习性 19.half adj.& n.一半
20.hand n.手; 指针　v.交; 递 21.happen v.发生; 出现
22.hard adv.努力地; 猛烈地　adj.坚硬的; 艰难的
23.hardly adv.几乎不; 几乎没有 24.harmful adj.有害的
25.head n.头; 头脑; 负责人; 标题　v.朝(某方向)行进
26.height n.身高; 高度
Group 7
1.help n.& v.帮助; 援助
2.hire v.聘用; 雇用; 租用　n.租借; 租用
3.hold v.抓住; 拥有; 举行; 进行 4.holiday n.假日; 假期
5.honest adj.诚实的; 老实的 6.hope n.& v.希望
7.hopefully adv.有希望地
8.hopeless adj.没有好转(或成功)希望的; 感到无望的
9.however adv.然而; 不过; 无论如何 10.hurry v.赶快; 急忙
11.impossible adj.不可能存在(或做到)的; 不可能的
12.innocent adj.天真无邪的; 无辜的; 无恶意的
13.inspire v.鼓舞; 激励; 启发思考 14.instead adv.代替; 反而; 却
15.instruction n.指示; 命令
16.interest n.兴趣; 关注; 利息　v.使感兴趣; 使关注
17.interesting adj.有趣的 18.interview n.& v.面试; 采访; 访谈
19.main adj.主要的; 最重要的
20.manner n.举止; 行为方式; 方法　[pl.]礼貌; 礼仪
21.mean v.意思是; 打算; 意欲 22.merry adj.愉快的; 高兴的
23.mix v.(使)混合; 融合　n.混合; 配料
24.move v.移动; 搬家
25.national adj.国家的; 民族的
26.nature n.自然界; 大自然; 基本性质
Group 8
1.nervous adj.焦虑的; 担忧的 2.noisy adj.吵闹的
3.normal adj.典型的; 正常的; 一般的　n.常态; 通常标准; 一般水平
4.note n.笔记; 记录; 钞票; 音符　v.注意; 指出
5.notice n.布告; 通告; 注意　v.注意; 留意
6.observe v.观察到; 注视; 遵守 7.once adv.一次; 曾经　conj.一旦
8.only adj.唯一的; 仅有的　adv.仅; 只
9.open v.开; 打开　adj.张开的; 敞口的
10.operation n.手术; 企业; 操作 11.opinion n.意见; 想法; 看法
12.optimistic adj.乐观的 13.otherwise adv.否则; 不然
14.outgoing adj.爱交际的; 外向的 15.owe v.欠(账、债、情等)
16.pain n.痛苦; 疼痛; 苦恼 17.painful adj.令人疼痛的; 令人痛苦的
18.pass v.给; 递; 走过; 通过 19.passenger n.乘客; 旅客
20.patience n.耐心; 忍耐力; 毅力 21.pattern n.模式; 图案
22.perfect adj.完美的; 完全的 23.plan n.& v.计划; 打算
24.pleased adj.高兴的; 满意的 25.pleasure n.高兴; 愉快
26.positive adj.积极的; 正面的; 乐观的; 肯定的
Group 9
1.poster n.海报
2.power n.电力供应; 能量; 力量; 控制力
3.powerful adj.效力大的; 强有力的; 强壮的
4.practical adj.切实可行的; 实际的 5.practice n.练习
6.praise n. & v.赞扬; 称赞 7.predict v.预言; 预报
8.pressure n.压力; 要求 9.preview n.预告; 预演
10.pride n.自豪; 骄傲 11.prize n.奖; 奖品; 奖金
12.problem n.棘手的问题; 难题 13.produce v.生产; 制造; 出产
14.progress n.进步; 进展　v.进展; 行进
15.promise n.& v.承诺; 许诺 16.proud adj.自豪的; 骄傲的
17.publish v.发表(作品); 出版 18.pull v.拉; 拖　n.拉; 引力
19.punish v.惩罚; 处罚 20.put v.放; 安置
21.question v.表示疑问; 怀疑; 正式提问　n.问题
22.quiet adj.安静的
23.quit v.停止; 戒掉; 离开(工作职位、学校等)
24.rank n.地位; 级别; 行列 25.read v.读; 阅读
26.realise v.理解; 领会; 认识到; 实现
Group 10
1.reason n.理由; 原因　v.推理; 思考
2.reasonable adj.合乎情理的
3.recite v.背诵; 吟诵; 列举
4.regular adj.定时的; 规则的
5.reject v.拒绝接受; 不录用
6.relief n.(焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻, 消除; (不快过后的)宽慰, 轻松; 解脱
7.repair n. & v.修理; 修补 8.repeat v.重复; 重做
9.reply n.回答; 答复 10.report n. & v.报告; 报道
11.reporter n.记者 12.requirement n.所需的东西; 必要条件
13.rescue v.营救; 抢救　n.救援; 营救
14.research n. & v.研究; 调查
15.respond v.回答; 回复; 做出反应; 响应
16.responsibility n.责任; 义务 17.responsible adj.负责的; 有责任的
18.rest n.休息时间; 剩余部分　v.休息; 放松
19.review v.复习; 复查; 回顾; 写评论　n.复习课; 审查; 评论; 报告
20.rule n.规则; 规章　v.统治; 支配
21.run v.跑; 奔跑; 褪色 22.satisfaction n.满足; 满意; 欣慰
23.save v.救; 救助; 节省
24.scene n.(戏剧或歌剧的)场; 现场; 场面
25.scientific adj.科学(上)的; 关于科学的
26.search n. & v.搜索; 搜查 27.seize v.抓住; 夺取; 控制
28.select v.选择; 挑选; 选拔
Group 11
1.send v.邮寄; 发送; 派遣
2.sense v.感觉到; 意识到　n.感觉; 意识
3.set n.一套; 布景　v.设置; 安排
4.shelter n.避难处; 居所; 庇护　v.保护; 掩蔽; 躲避(风险或危险)
5.shock n.震惊; 令人震惊的事; 休克　v.使震惊
6.sign n.符号; 标志 7.silence n.沉默; 缄默; 无声
8.similar adj.相像的; 类似的 9.simple adj.简单的; 易做的
10.single adj.单一的; 单个的; 单程的; 未婚的
11.skate v.滑冰 12.soon adv.不久; 很快
13.sorry adj.抱歉的; 难过的; 惋惜的
14.special adj.特别的; 特殊的　n.特别活动; 特价
15.speech n.讲话; 发言 16.spread v.传播; 展开　n.蔓延; 传播
17.stage n.(发展或进展的)时期; 阶段; (多指剧场中的)舞台
18.stand v.站立; 位于; 忍受 19.start v.开始; 着手; 出发
20.stay n.& v.停留; 待 21.strength n.力量; 体力
22.still adv.仍然; 还　adj.静止的
23.storm n.暴风雨
24.strange adj.奇怪的; 奇特的; 陌生的
25.strong adj.强壮的; 强烈的; 坚固的; 坚强的
Group 12
1.suggestion n.建议 2.suitable adj.合适的; 适用的
3.surprise v.使惊奇; 使诧异　n.惊奇; 惊讶
4.talent n.有才能的人; 天资; 天赋 5.teach v.教; 讲授
6.tear n.眼泪 v.扯破; 撕开 7.terrible adj.非常讨厌的; 可怕的
8.therefore adv.因此; 所以
9.though adv.不过; 可是; 然而　conj.虽然; 尽管; 不过
10.thought n.思考; 思想; 念头
11.through prep.以; 凭借; 穿过　adv.通过; 径直
12.thus adv.如此; 因此 13.tiny adj.极小的; 微小的
14.tired adj.疲劳的; 厌倦的 15.touch v.触动; 触摸
16.trouble v.使苦恼; 使忧虑; 麻烦　n.问题; 苦恼
17.trust v.相信; 信任 18.unless conj.如果不; 除非
19.until prep. & conj. 到……时; 直到……为止
20.unusual adj.特别的; 不寻常的 21.usually adv.通常地; 一般地
22.wave n.海浪; 波浪　v.挥手; 招手
23.wealthy adj.富裕的 24.wedding n.婚礼; 结婚庆典
25.while conj. 当……的时候; 而; 然而; 虽然　n.一会儿; 一段时间
26.wise adj.明智的; 英明的; 有判断力的
27.wonderful adj.精彩的; 令人惊奇的
28.worried adj.担忧的
四、课标核心短语
Group 1
1.account for (数量上、比例上)占……; 是……的原因; 解释; 说明
2.accuse sb of (doing sth) 指责/控告某人(做某事)
3.add up to sth 总计为; 总共是
add... to... 把……加到……
4.agree with sth 同意; 与……相符
agree to sth 同意(安排、建议、计划等)
agree on sth 在……上持一致意见
5.answer for sth=be responsible for sth 对……负责
6.apologise to sb for doing sth 为做……向某人道歉
7.appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事
appeal to sb 吸引某人; 使某人感兴趣
8.apply for 申请; 请求
9.approve of sb/sth 赞成/同意……
10.arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论
11.attend to 照料; 处理
12.attract/draw/catch the attention of... 吸引……的注意
13.base sth on/upon sth 以……为基础(或根据)
14.bear... in mind 记住……; 把……记在心里
15.begin with sth 从……开始
16.behave oneself (使)举止规矩; (使)表现得体
17.believe it or not 信不信由你
18.belong to 属于
19.benefit from sth 从……中受益
20.blow down 刮倒
blow out 吹灭
Group 2
1.break away (from) 脱离; 逃脱
break down 出故障; 分解
break in 破门而入; 打断
break through 突破
break up 结束; 粉碎
2.break the silence 打破沉默
break the habit of 改掉……的习惯
break one's word 食言
3.bring about 导致; 引起
bring forward 提议; 将……提前
bring out 使显现; 生产; 出版
bring up 抚养; 养育
4.bring... to life 使……苏醒过来; 使……恢复生气
bring... to light 将……曝光; 揭露
5.build up 加强; 增多
6.burn down (被)焚毁
burn out 烧尽
7.burst into sth 突然爆发
burst out 突然激动地喊叫; 突然开始
8.bury oneself in=be buried in 专心致志于
9.call at 停靠; (短时间)停留
call for 要求; 需要
call off 取消; 停止进行
call on/upon 探访; 号召, 呼吁
call up 使想起; 打电话给……
10.calm down (使)平静; (使)镇静
11.care for 照顾; 照料
care about 关心; 关怀
12.carry out 实施; 执行; 落实
carry on 继续做; 坚持干
13.catch up with 赶上
14.catch sight of 看见
catch/get/take (a) hold of 抓住; 拿着; 握住
15.catch a cold 伤风; 感冒
16.catch fire 着火
17.check in 登记; 报到
check out 结账离开; 得到证实
18.cheer up (使)变得更高兴; 振奋起来
19.clear away 把……清除掉
clear up (天气)转晴; 清理; 解决
e about 发生
come across (偶然)遇见
come out 出版; 出现
come up 发生; 被提及
come up with 想出; 提出
Group 3
1.come into existence 开始存在; 产生
come into sight/view 进入视线; 映入眼帘
come into use 开始被使用
2.come to life 苏醒过来; 变得活跃
come to light 显露; 暴露
come to a decision/a conclusion/an agreement 做出决定/得出结论/达成协议
3.come true 实现; 成为现实
4.communicate with... 与……交流
5.compare with... 与……相比
compare A to B　把A比作B
6.concentrate on 全神贯注于
7.consist of... 由……组成; 由……构成
consist in 在于; 存在于
8.contribute to 贡献; 捐献
9.count on 指望; 依靠; 依赖
10.cut away 切除; 剪去
cut down 削减
cut in 插嘴; 打断
cut off 打断; 中断
cut out 删除; 删去
11.depend on/upon 依靠; 依赖
12.devote... to... 献身; 致力; 专心
13.die down 逐渐变弱; 逐渐平息
die off 相继死去
die out 消失; 灭绝
14.differ from 与……不同
15.do good to... 对……有好处
do harm to... 伤害……; 对……有害
do sb good/harm 对某人有好处/对某人有害
16.draw in (白昼)渐短
17.drop in 顺便访问
18.be dying to do sth 渴望做某事
19.earn a/one's living 谋生
20.end up 最终成为
end in... 以……结尾
Group 4
1.enter for 报名参加
2.equip with 用……装备……
3.fade away 逐渐消失
fade out 淡出; 渐弱
4.fall behind 跟不上; 落在……后面
fall down 倒塌; 跌倒
fall off 从……掉下; 跌落
5.fall/get into the/a habit of 沾染上……的习惯
fall/get/run into debt 负债
form/develop/have the/a habit of 养成……的习惯
6.feed on 以……为食
7.fight back 抵抗; 还击
8.figure out 计算; 弄清楚; 弄明白
9.find out 发现; 查明
10.fit in (with) 与……合得来; 适应
11.fix... on/upon 集中……于
12.focus on/upon 聚焦于……
13.get along/on with 相处融洽
get away (from) 逃脱; 离开
get across 被理解; 把……讲清楚
get down to (doing) sth 开始(做)某事
get in 收割; 到达
get off 下车; 离开
get on 进展; 进步;获得成功
get over 克服; 从疾病(或震惊、断绝关系等)中恢复常态
get through 到达; (用电话)打通; (使)正式通过
get up 起床; 站起
14.give away 赠送; 丧失(优势); 泄露
give in 屈服; 让步; 交上
give off 发出(气味、热、光等)
give out 分发; 放出(热、光等)
give up 停止; 放弃
15.give sb a lift 让某人搭车
16.give way to 让步于; 屈服于
17.get sb into trouble 使某人陷入困境; 使某人遇上麻烦
18.go after 追求; 追赶
go against sb 对某人不利; 不利于某人
go by 流逝; 过去
go for 努力争取; 适用于
go in for sth 参加考试(或竞赛)
go off 爆炸; (警报器等)突然发出巨响
go out 熄灭; 外出
go over 仔细检查
go up 上涨; 上升
go without 没有……也行
19.graduate from 从……毕业
20.grow into 变成; 发展成
grow up 成熟; 形成; 逐渐发展
Group 5
1.hand down 把……传下去
hand in 提交; 交上
hand out 分发
hand over 把……移交给
2.hang on 抓紧; 不要挂断
hang up 挂断电话
3.have an eye for 对……有鉴赏力
4.have... in common with... 与……有共同之处
5.have no alternative/choice but to do sth 除了做某事别无选择
have nothing to do with 和……无关
6.have words with 与……争论
have a word with sb 与某人谈一谈
7.have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
have fun 玩得开心
8.head for 朝……方向走
9.hear from 收到……的信件
10.help out 帮助……摆脱(困境)
can't help doing sth 忍不住做某事
help oneself to 自己取(食物等)
11.hold back 阻挡; 抑制(感情等)
hold down 使保持低水平
hold on (to) 抓紧; 保住
hold out 伸出; 递出; 坚持
hold up 举起; 抬起; 支撑; 阻碍
12.insist on 坚决要求
13.join in 参加(某种活动)
14.keep an eye on 照看; 照顾
keep one's word 遵守诺言
15.keep/stay in touch with 与……保持联系
16.keep sb company 陪伴某人
17.keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
18.keep up (天气)持续不变;跟上
keep up with sth 熟悉,了解(消息、形势等)
19.keep watch 注视; 监视
20.keep/lose track of 与……保持/失去联系; 了解/不了解……的动态
Group 6
1.knock at/on... 敲……
knock down/over 撞倒
knock into 撞在……上
2.live/lead/have a... life 过……的生活
3.lose sight of 看不见; 忽略
4.lose oneself in 专心于; 全神贯注于
5.lay down 放下
6.lay stress on/upon 强调; 着重于
7.lead to 导致
8.leave behind 把……抛在后面
leave out 遗漏; 不包括; 不提及
9.let alone 更不用说
let sb down 使某人失望; 辜负某人
let out 发出; (把衣服)加宽, 放大
10.live on 继续活着; 以吃……为生
11.look after 照顾
look around/round 环顾; 四下察看
look back on 回忆; 回顾
look into 调查
look out 当心; 留神
look through 浏览; 快速查看
look up 抬头往上看; (在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅
12.lose control of 对……失去控制
lose heart 灰心
lose touch with... 与……失去联系
13.make out 弄懂; 辨认清楚
make up 构成, 组成; 编造; 化妆
make up for 弥补
14.make use of 使用; 利用
15.make sense 讲得通; 有道理; 合乎情理
16.make a difference 有影响; 有重要作用
make fun of... 取笑; 拿……开玩笑
17.make an effort/every effort/all efforts to do sth 努力做某事
18.make sure 查明; 确保
Group 7
1.mind/watch one's step 走路小心
2.name after... 以……命名
3.object to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
4.occur to sb 出现在某人头脑中; 被某人想起
5.owe... to... 把……归功于……
6.pack up 把……打包
7.pass by 通过; 经过
pass down 使世代相传
pass on 递给; 传给
8.pay back 还钱; 报复
pay off 成功; 奏效; 偿清
9.pay attention to 注意
10.pay a visit to 参观; 访问; 拜访
11.pick up 拿起; 举起; 接人; (偶然)学会; 接收; 好转
12.play a(n) ... role in 在……中起……作用13.point out 指出
14.pull down 拆毁; 摧毁
pull in 进站停靠; 驶向路边停靠
pull over 驶向路边; 令(司机或车辆)停靠路边
15.push aside 不考虑; 不去想
16.put away 把……收起; 把……放回原处
put down 写下; 镇压; 降落; 着陆
put off 推迟
put on 穿上; 戴上
put out 熄灭; 扑灭; 出版; 公布
put up 举起; 抬起; 张贴; 建造
put up with 忍受; 容忍
17.put... into practice 将……付诸实践
18.recover from 从……恢复
19.refer to 查阅; 参考; 提到, 谈及; 与……相关
20.reflect on/upon 思考; 反省
Group 8
1.result from... 由……产生; 因……而造成
result in 导致
2.rely on/upon 依靠; 指望
3.remind sb of sb/sth 使某人想起某人/某事
4.remove... from... 把……从……中去掉; 撤职
5.run across 偶然遇见
run after 追求; 追赶
run away 逃离; 躲避
run into 撞上; 遇到(困难等)
run out of 用完; 用尽(无被动式)
6.search for 搜寻……
7.see about 安排; 照料
see off 为……送行
see through 看透; 识破
8.send for 请某人来(帮忙等)
send out 发出(光、信号、声音等); 分发
9.separate from... 与……分离
10.set about 开始; 着手
set... aside 留出; 把……放到一旁
set down 记下; 写下
set off 出发; 引起; 使爆炸
set out 出发; 阐明
set up 开办; 设立
11.set... on fire 使……燃烧
set... free 释放; 使获得自由
12.settle down 定居下来; 舒适地坐下(或躺下)
settle down to 开始认真对待; 定下心来做
13.show... around 领……参观
show up 出现; 露面
14.shut down 关闭; 停止运转
shut off 关闭; 切断
shut up 关上; 住口
15.sign up 报名参加(课程等)
16.sort out 整理; (从……中)挑选出
17.spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事
18.speak highly of 赞扬
speak of 谈到; 提及
speak up 大声点说; 明确表态
19.speed up 加快速度
20.spread out 伸展; 摊开; 散开
Group 9
1.stand out 出色; 突出
stand by 袖手旁观
stand for 代表; 支持
2.starve to death 饿死
3.stay away 离开; 不接近
4.stay up 熬夜
5.stick out 伸出; 突出
stick to 坚持; 维持
6.struggle with/against 与……斗争
struggle for... 为争取……而斗争
7.suffer from 遭受
8.suit... to ... 使……适合……
9.supply sth to sb/supply sb with sth 把某物提供给某人
10.suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做)某事
11.switch off 关上(电灯、机器等)
switch on 打开(电灯、机器等)
12.take apart 拆开
take back 退回; 收回
take down 拆除; 写下
take in 吸收; 欺骗
take off 脱下; (飞机等)起飞
take on 呈现
take over 接手; 接管
take up 继续; 占用
13.take action 采取行动
14.take a positive attitude to/towards... 对……持积极态度
15.take sth into consideration/account 考虑到某物; 顾及某物
16.take effect 生效; 起作用
17.take turns 轮流; 依次
18.take ... for granted 认为……理所当然
Group 10
1.take the place of 代替
take place 发生
2.take one's seat 就座
take/have a seat 坐下
be seated 就座; 坐下
3.take/run a risk 冒险
take/run the risk of doing sth 冒险做某事
4.tear down 拆毁
5.tear up 撕碎
6.tell the difference between A and B　辨别出A和B的区别
7.tend to/towards... 倾向; 趋向
tend to do sth 易于做某事; 往往会做某事
8.think about 关心; 考虑
think highly of 对……高度评价
think of 记得; 想象到; 想出
think over 仔细考虑
think up 想出
9.throw away 扔掉; 浪费; 错过
throw off 匆匆脱掉; 摆脱
throw out 逐出; 撵走
10.to start with 首先; 起初
to begin with 首先; 第一
to tell the truth 老实说(=to be honest)
11.transform into 变成
12.try on 试穿
try out 试验
try out for 参加……选拔
13.turn around/round 转身; 好转
turn away 把某人拒之门外; 不准某人进入
turn down 关小; 调低; 拒绝
turn in 上交
turn off 关掉(水、煤气、电流等)
turn on 接通(水、煤气、电流等)
turn out 原来是; 证明是; 结果是
turn over 翻身; 翻转
turn to 转向; 求助于
turn up 偶然出现; 露面
14.use up 用尽; 吃光
used to do sth 过去常常做某事
15.warm up (使)活跃起来, 热情起来
16.wash away 冲掉; 冲走
17.watch out for 密切注意; 留意
watch over 保护; 监督; 照管
18.wear out 穿破; 磨损; 使疲乏
19.work on 从事; 致力于
work out 计算出; 解决; 锻炼身体
20.write back 回信
write down 写下; 记下
Group 11
1.be absent from 缺席; 不在
2.be accustomed/used to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事
3.be accessible to sb 可让某人接近的; 可让某人使用的; 可让某人理解的
4.be addicted to... 对……上瘾的
5.be allergic to... 对……过敏的
6.be anxious about sth/for sb 为某事/某人担心
7.be aware of 意识到
8.be beneficial to... 对……有利
9.beyond/without doubt 毫无疑问
10.be blind to... 对……视而不见
11.be bored with... 对……感到厌烦
12.be bound to do sth 必定做某事
13.be busy with/(in) doing sth 忙于做某事
14.be cautious about... 对……小心谨慎
15.be confident about/of... 对……有信心; 对……有把握
16.be crazy about... 对……痴迷的
17.be curious about... 对……好奇的
18.be desperate for... 非常需要……; 渴望……
19.be distant from... 与……不相似的/不同的
20.be dying for sth 渴望某物
Group 12
1.be enthusiastic about... 对……热情的/热心的
2.be equal to... 与……相等/平等
3.be familiar with sth/to sb 对某物熟悉的/为某人所熟悉的
4.be faced with... 面临……
5.be fed up with(=be bored with) 对……感到厌烦
6.be fit for 适合
7.be fluent in 在……方面流利的
8.be foreign to... 对……陌生的
9.be free from/of... 不含……的
10.be gifted at... 在……方面有天赋
11.be grateful to sb for sth 因为某事感激某人
12.be guilty about... 为……感到内疚/悔恨
13.be harmful to... 对……有害的
14.be honest about sth/with sb 在某事上是坦率的/对某人是坦诚的
15.be independent from/of... 独立于……
16.be intended for... 为……而打算(或设计)的
17.be interested in (doing) sth 对(做)某事感兴趣
18.be junior to... 比……地位(或级别、职位)低
19.be mistaken about... 弄错……
Group 13
1.be native to 原产于……
2.be occupied/busy with sth/(in) doing sth 忙于(做)某事
3.be optimistic about ... 对……乐观
4.be parallel to/with ... 与……平行
5.be particular about/over ... 对……挑剔
6.be patient with ... 对……有耐心
7.be popular with ... 为……所喜欢
8.be proud of 骄傲的; 自豪的
9.be relevant to ... 与……紧密相关
10.be responsible for ... 对……负责
11.be sceptical about/of ... 怀疑……
12.be senior to ... 比……地位(或级别)高
13.be sensitive to ... 对……敏感的
14.be similar to ... 与……相似; 与……相近
15.be/get stuck in 卡住; 陷入
16.be successful in (doing) sth 成功(做)某事
17.be suitable for 适合
18.be tired of ... 厌烦……
19.be true of ... 对……适用
20.be uncertain about/of ... 对……没把握; 拿不准
21.be worth doing sth 值得做某事
22.be to blame for sth 对某事负有责任
Group 14
1.be about to do sth正要做某事
2.above all最重要的是; 尤其是
3.according to 根据; 按照
4.one after another一个接一个地
5.A is one thing ...,B is another ... A是一回事, B是另一回事
6.anything but 决不; 根本不
7.apart from 除了……之外(还)
8.as to/for 至于; 关于
9.to one's astonishment令某人惊讶的是
10.at the cost/price of以……为代价
11.on average平均; 一般
12.back and forth 反复来回
13.from bad to worse 每况愈下
14.badly off 贫困的; 境况不佳的
15.because of 因为; 由于
16.at/in/from the beginning 起初
from beginning to end从头到尾
17.on behalf of sb/on sb's behalf 代表(或代替)某人
18.on board 在船上(或飞机上、火车上)
19.out of breath 上气不接下气
20.in brief 总而言之
21.but for 若非; 要不是
Group 15
1.by accident 偶然; 意外地
by mistake错误地
by the way顺便提一下
by way of 经由; 经过
2.in charge of负责
3.in common with sb/sth与……相同
4.in conclusion最后
5.in (a) good/bad condition 处于良好的/糟糕的状况
out of condition健康状况不佳
on/under no condition 决不
6.on the contrary 与此相反
to the contrary相反地
7.at sb's convenience在某人方便时
8.(just) around/round the corner在附近; 即将来临
9.at all cost/costs 不惜任何代价
10.in danger处于危险中
out of danger脱离危险
11.out of habit出于习惯
12.up to date 最新的; 拥有最新信息的
13.to a/some degree在某种程度上
14.with difficulty困难地
without difficulty容易地
in difficulty/difficulties处境困难
15.at a disadvantage处于不利地位
16.due to由于; 因为
17.in effect在实施中; 有效; 事实上
18.in general大体上
19.at sb's expense由某人付钱
at the expense of在牺牲……的情况下
Group 16
1.as a matter of fact事实上
in fact实际上
2.far from it 绝非
3.at first起先; 起初
first of all首先; 第一
4.in the flesh亲自; 本人
5.for example/instance 例如
6.for free/free of charge 免费
7.on guard值班; 站岗
8.in the habit of有……的习惯
9.in the hope of怀着……的希望
10.in response to作为对……的回答; 作为对……的反应
11.with sb's help/with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下
12.in honour of sb/in sb's honour为向某人表示敬意
13.in spite of尽管
14.in terms of就……而言; 在……方面
15.in the form of以……的形式
16.in the manner of sb/sth 以某人(或某物)的典型风格
17.in the process of在……的过程中
18.in time最后; 迟早
19.instead of代替
20.last but not least最后但同样重要的
21.no less than不少于; 多达
Group 17
1.at the risk of doing sth冒着做某事的风险
2.in the long run 从长远来看
in the long/short term长/短期内
3.as the saying goes 常言道
4.in search of 寻找; 寻求
5.in a sense从某种意义上说
in no sense决不
6.to sb's shame 令某人感到惭愧的是
7.in good shape 身体健康
out of shape变形的; 身体不健康
8.be short of 缺少
be short for是……的缩写
in short总之; 简言之
9.from all sides 从四面八方; 到处
from side to side左右来回(摇摆)
side by side并肩地
10.at first sight初看时; 乍一看
at the sight of一看见
11.on purpose故意; 有意地
12.ever since自从
13.or so 大约
so as to为了
14.in spite of/despite尽管
15.on the spot 当场; 在现场
16.in store即将发生
17.all of a sudden突然
18.in summary总的来说
in silence沉默
in surprise惊奇地
in theory在理论上
in support of支持
in practice实际上; 事实上
19.to sb's surprise/to the surprise of sb使某人吃惊的是
be surprised at对……感到惊讶
20.thanks to 幸亏; 由于
21.for one thing 一来, 一方面
Group 18
1.thought of sth……的想法
2.on time按时; 准时
at times有时; 间或
at a time每次; 逐一
3.in total总共; 合计
4.be in touch (with sth) 了解(某课题或领域的情况)
be out of touch (with sth) 不再了解(某课题或领域的情况)
5.in truth事实上; 的确
in trouble处于困境中
in use在使用中
6.by turns轮流; 交替
in turn依次; 轮流
7.up to达到; 最多有; 直到; 从事着; 能胜任
8.ups and downs 兴衰; 浮沉
9.as usual 像往常一样; 照例
10.on vacation 在度假
11.in vain徒劳无益; 白费力气
12.in view of 鉴于; 考虑到
13.on watch 值班
14.all the way 完全地; 自始至终
in a way在某种程度上
in no way一点儿也不; 决不
15.in a word总之; 简言之; 一句话
in other words也就是说; 换句话说
16.all (the) year round 一年到头
year after year年年; 每年
year by year一年一年地; 年复一年(共77张PPT)
考前抢分
必背
第三部分　背写作中的增分词句
英 语
一、写作高级词句
Group 1
1.用inform sb of/that替换tell sb that表示 “告诉”
Please inform us of your decision in advance.
请提前告知我们你的决定。
2.用convey替换express 表示 “表达”
I'm writing to convey my sincere thanks to you.
我写这封信是要表达对您的真诚感谢。
3.用intend to do替换want to do表示 “想要做”
So far as I know, all of them intend to be excellent students.
据我所知, 他们都想成为优秀的学生。
4.用be aware替换realise表示 “意识到”
As a teenager, I am aware that being responsible is very important.
作为青少年, 我意识到负责任是很重要的。
5.用attentively替换carefully表示 “仔细地”
We stood around her and watched attentively.
我们站在她身边, 仔细地观察。
6.用be of great benefit/be beneficial to替换be helpful to表示 “对……有好处”
A good diet is beneficial /of great benefit to health. 良好的饮食有益于健康。
7.用as a consequence替换 as a result表示 “结果”
As a consequence, children started to like that activity.
结果, 孩子们开始喜欢那个活动了。
8.用acquire/obtain替换get表示 “获得”
We should try to acquire some medical knowledge.
我们应该试着获得一些医学知识。
9.用have a good command of/have a good knowledge of/have a good understanding of替换be good at表示 “擅长, 精通”
The tailor has a good command of English. 那位裁缝精通英语。
10.用request替换ask表示 “要求”
She requested that no one should be told of her decision.
她要求不要向任何人透露她的决定。
Group 2
1.用increasingly替换more and more表示 “越来越……”
Badminton is becoming increasingly popular in our neighbourhood.
羽毛球在我们这一带越来越流行了。
2.用keep/bear in mind替换remember表示 “记住”
I will keep/bear our friendship in mind all the time.
我会一直记住我们的友谊。
3.用participate in/get involved in替换take part in表示 “参加”
Students should participate in outdoor activities frequently.
学生应该经常参加户外活动。
4.用personally (speaking)替换in my opinion表示 “在我看来”
Personally, it is better to read those magazines.
依我看, 阅读那些杂志更好。
5.用make great efforts to do/spare no effort to do替换try to do表示 “努力做”
We will spare no effort to help the victims.
我们将不遗余力地去帮助那些受害者。
6.用various/varieties of/a variety of/a wide range of替换all kinds of表示 “各种各样的”
There are a variety of/a wide range of positions for you to choose from.
有各种各样的职位供你们选择。
7.用be occupied in doing sth/with sth替换be busy in doing sth/with sth表示 “忙于……”
I am occupied in my study and seldom have time to surf the Internet.
我忙于研究, 很少有时间上网。
8.用outstanding/extraordinary替换good表示 “优秀的”
He is an outstanding scientist. 他是一位杰出的科学家。
9.用despite/in spite of the fact that替换though/although表示“尽管”
In spite of the fact that he is very busy,he tries to accompany his family on weekends.
尽管很忙,周末他也尽量陪伴他的家人。
10.用be accustomed to替换be used to 表示“习惯于”
He has become accustomed to the life here.他已经习惯了这里的生活。
Group 3
1.用better替换improve表示 “改善”
Immediate action should be taken to better the environment.
应该立即采取行动来改善环境。
2.用shoulder responsibility替换 take responsibility 表示 “承担责任”
Why are they afraid of shouldering responsibility
为什么他们不敢负责任
3.用around the corner替换be coming soon表示 “即将来临”
Our final exam is around the corner.
我们的期末考试即将来临。
4.用count/matter替换be important表示 “重要”
It is not the arrival but the journey that counts.
重要的不是到达目的地而是旅行本身。
5.用enable sb to do替换make sb do表示 “使某人做”
This job can enable me to support my family.
这份工作能使我养活我的家庭。
6.用occur to替换think of表示 “想到”
You need to explain how the idea occurs to you.
你需要解释一下你是如何想到这个主意的。
7.用a growing number of/an increasing number of替换more and more表示 “越来越多的”
A growing number of people are returning to full-time education.
越来越多的人重返学校接受全日制教育。
8.用a must替换something that you must do表示 “必须要做的事”
English is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life.
英语对我来说是日常生活中与他人交流所必备的。
9.用appeal to/take a great interest in替换be interested in表示 “对……感兴趣”
The volunteer work in Wuhan appeals to me greatly.
我对于在武汉的那份志愿者工作非常感兴趣。
Group 4
1.用be supposed to替换should表示 “应该”
We are supposed to be neatly dressed when at school.
在校期间, 我们应该衣着整洁。
2.用tend to替换usually表示 “常常”
Recently, the conductor tends to wake up very early.
最近, 这个售票员常常醒得很早。
3.用vital/of great significance/of great importance替换very important表示 “至关重要”
What the students do in their spare time is of great significance.
学生们在课余时间做什么至关重要。
4.用lend a hand 替换help表示 “帮忙”
The neighbours are always willing to lend a hand.
邻居们总是乐于帮忙。
5.用account for替换explain表示 “解释”
My consultant could not account for his being late again.
我的顾问无法解释他再次迟到的原因。
6.用be faced with替换face表示 “面临”
Faced with the difficulty, you must believe in yourself.
面临困难时, 你必须相信你自己。
7.用be fully/firmly convinced替换believe表示 “相信”
I am firmly convinced that the number of tourists should be limited.
我坚定地相信旅客的数量应得到限制。
8.用occasionally/once in a while替换sometimes表示 “有时”
Once in a while, we chat online to exchange our opinions.
有时, 我们通过网上聊天来交流观点。
9.用more than替换very表示 “非常, 极其”
I'm more than glad to learn that you are coming.
得知你要来, 我非常高兴。
Group 5
1.用 “let/make/have/get/keep/leave +宾语+宾语补足语”表示 “使/让……”
We can't leave such an important project unfinished.
我们不能让这样一个重要的项目半途而废。
2.用 “see/notice/watch/hear +宾语+宾语补足语” 表示 “看到/注意到/观察到/听到……”
I heard her practising her pronunciation when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天走过她房间时, 我听见她在练习发音。
3.用 “when/while/once/unless/... +doing/done ...” 表示 “当/在……期间/一旦/除非/……做/被做……”
When offered help, you should say “Thank you”.
当被提供帮助时, 你应该说 “谢谢”。
4.用 “having done...” 表示 “已经做……”
Having finished his English composition, he started to learn maths.
在已经完成了英语作文以后, 他开始学习数学。
5.用by doing... 表示 “通过做……”
Only by making greater efforts can you make greater progress.
只有更加努力, 你才能取得更大的进步。
6.用 “疑问词+to do” 表示 “如何/什么/何时/哪里……”
Our difficulty is where to raise so much money.
我们的困难是到哪里筹集这么多钱。
7.用 “only to do/to be done” 表示 “结果却……”
He hurried to the museum, only to find it was closed.
他匆忙赶到博物馆, 却发现关门了。
8.用 “have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth” 表示 “做……有困难/麻烦”
Now I still have some difficulty in communicating with the local people.
现在我与当地人交流仍然有一些困难。
9.用 “I wonder whether/if...” 表示 “我想知道是否……”
I wonder if you could do me a favour.
我想知道我能否请您帮个忙。
10.用 “What impressed/surprised/shocked me most was that...” 表示 “使我印象最深刻/最惊讶/最震惊的是……”
What impressed me most was that they never lost heart.
使我印象最深刻的是他们从不丧失信心。
Group 6
1.用 “It is+important/necessary/strange... that...” 表示 “重要的/必需的/奇怪的是……”
It is important that you should form healthy living habits.
重要的是你应该养成健康的生活习惯。
2.用 “That/This/It is why/because...” 表示 “那/这/它就是为什么/因为……”
That is why he likes Chinese culture so much.
那就是他如此喜欢中国文化的原因。
3.用 “for some reason” 表示 “出于某种原因”
For some reason, we all have to come in early tomorrow.
出于某种原因, 我们大家明天都不得不早来。
4.用 “The chances are (that)...” 表示 “可能……”
The chances are you won't have to pay.
你可能不用付钱。
5.用 “There's no denying(that) ...” 表示 “无可否认……”
There's no denying that this is an important event.无可否认, 这是个重要事件。
6.用 “on condition that...” 表示 “条件是……”
I'll lend this book to you on condition that you keep it clean.
我会把这本书借给你, 条件是你不把它弄脏。
7.用 “each/every time...” 表示 “每次/每当……”
Every time I hear that song I feel happy.
我每次听到那首歌都感到很愉快。
8.用 “the moment/the instant/directly/instantly” 表示 “一……就……”
I want to see him the moment he arrives.
他一到我就要见他。
9.用 “the first/last time...” 表示 “第一次/最后一次……时”
The first time I saw a snake, I felt a little afraid.
第一次看见蛇时, 我感觉有点害怕。
10.用“with+宾语+宾语补足语”做状语表示原因、伴随等
With everything finished ahead of time,he went home happily.
所有的事都提前完成,他开心地回家了。
Group 7
1.用 “as/so long as” 表示 “只要……”
We can surely beat the disease as long as we continue to work hard.
只要继续努力, 我们就一定能战胜这种疾病。
2.用 “before” 表示 “……才……”
It was a long time before I went to sleep.
过了很长时间我才睡着。
3.用 “As we all know.../As is known to all...” 表示 “众所周知……”
As we all know, the answer is very important.
众所周知, 这个答案非常重要。
4.用 “which引导的非限制性定语从句” 表示 “……, 这……”
He failed his driving test, which surprised his parents.
他驾驶执照考试不及格, 这让他的父母很吃惊。
5.用 “only+状语/状语从句+部分倒装” 表示 “只有……才……”
Only in this way can you have a good knowledge of English.
只有用这种方法, 你才能精通英语。
6.用 “not only+部分倒装” 表示 “不仅……还……”
Not only do I speak Spanish, I'm also good with computers.
我不仅会说西班牙语, 还精通计算机。
7.用 “so+形容词/副词+部分倒装+that ...” 表示 “如此……以至于……”
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.
天气太冷, 我们只好待在家里。
8.用 “hardly ... when .../no sooner ... than ...+部分倒装” 表示 “一……就……”
No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off.
我们刚到机场, 飞机就起飞了。
9.用“Not until+时间状语”放在句首,表示“直到……才……”
Not until he told me did I know the truth.
直到他告诉我,我才知道真相。
二、写作一句多变句式
1.这次旅行大约持续了三周。
①The journey took roughly three weeks.
②The journey lasted three weeks more or less.
③The journey ended/came to an end about three weeks later.
2.这台电脑花了我2 000美元。
①I paid $2,000 for the computer.
②I bought the computer for $2,000.
③I spent $2,000 on the computer.
④I spent $2,000 in buying the computer.
⑤The computer cost me $2,000.
3.他们的饮食以蔬菜为主。
①Their diet consists largely of vegetables.
②Their diet is mainly made up of vegetables.
③Their diet is composed mainly of vegetables.
④Vegetables mainly make up their diet.
4.她不但懂英语, 日语也说得很好。
①Besides knowing some English, she speaks Japanese very well.
②Apart from knowing some English, she speaks Japanese very well.
③She knows some English, and speaks fluent Japanese as well.
④She not only knows some English, but also speaks Japanese fluently.
5.他沉迷于科学研究之中。
①He became addicted to scientific research.
②He abandoned himself to scientific research.
③He buried himself in scientific research.
④He applied himself to scientific research.
6.那个问题太难了, 我无法解决。
①That problem is too difficult for me to solve.
②That problem is so difficult that I can't solve it.
③That problem is not easy enough for me to solve.
④That problem is beyond my ability.
⑤It is so difficult a problem that I can't solve it.
⑥It is such a difficult problem that I can't solve it.
7.我的录音机坏了。
①My tape recorder is out of order.
②My tape recorder doesn't work.
③There is something wrong with my tape recorder.
④Something is wrong with my tape recorder.
⑤My tape recorder has broken down.
8.他不仅是我们的老师, 还是我们的朋友。
①He is more than our teacher. He is also our friend.
②He is not only our teacher but also our friend.
③He is our teacher as well as our friend.
④Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend.
9.地球上有各种各样的植物和动物。
①There are all kinds of plants and animals on the earth.
②There are various plants and animals on the earth.
10.他的成功归功于他受过良好的教育。
①The good education he had received led to/resulted in/contributed to his success.
②His success was due to the good education he had got.
③His success lay in/resulted from the good education he had received.
11.你可以从因特网上获得大量信息。
①You can obtain plenty of information on the Internet.
②An ocean of information is accessible to you on the Internet.
③There is abundant information for you to get on the Internet.
12.什么导致了火灾对警察来说是个谜。
①What caused the fire is a puzzle to the police.
②What resulted in the fire puzzled the police.
③What puzzled the police was what contributed to the fire.
④The police are in a puzzle about the cause of the fire.
⑤The police are puzzled about what led to the fire.
13.我们如何来处理这个问题
①What can we do with the problem
②How can we deal with/cope with the problem
③How can we handle the problem
④How can we solve/resolve/settle the problem
14.你会从这次有价值的经历中获益很多。
①The valuable experience is beneficial to you.
②You will benefit from/profit from the valuable experience.
③This valuable experience will benefit/do good to/be helpful for you.
④You will gain/obtain benefit from the valuable experience.
⑤The valuable experience is of benefit to you.
15.毫无疑问, 他们的方法令人不满意。
①No doubt that their approach is unsatisfactory.
②It is undoubted that their approach is far from being satisfying.
③Undoubtedly, their approach still has a long way to go to be satisfactory.
16.参加会议的人员提出了有关环保的问题。
①People who attended the meeting put forward the problem of the environmental protection.
②People who were present at the meeting came up with the problem of the environmental protection.
③People who were present at the meeting brought forward the problem of the environmental protection.
17.当地政府必须采取措施阻止动物灭绝。
The local government must take measures/steps/action to stop animals dying out.
18.他把一生都献给了那些贫困的孩子。
①He devoted all his life to helping the needy children.
②He was devoted to helping the needy children in his whole life.
③He was always busy helping the needy children all through his life.
④He was always occupied in helping the needy children all through his life.
⑤He occupied himself in helping the needy children throughout his life.
三、读后续写高分语料
Group 1　准确叙述故事背景
1.The wind and rain whipped the house.
风和雨击打着屋子。
2.It's raining cats and dogs outside now.
现在外面下着倾盆大雨。
3.The wind is whispering in the trees.
风在树林中沙沙作响。
4.The wind whipped her hair into her eyes.
风把她的头发吹进了眼睛里。
5.The needle-cold wind pierced his face.
寒风如针, 刺着他的脸。
6.The wind is getting up and it is becoming cloudy.
风势渐大, 天空开始阴云密布。
7.That night, the temperature dropped below zero.
那天晚上, 温度降到了零度以下。
8.It was freezing cold outside.
外面极为寒冷。
9.We were caught in the storm and got drenched to the skin.
我们遇上了暴雨, 淋得浑身湿透。
10.The icy wind started howling, cutting my face like a sharp knife.
寒风开始咆哮, 像锋利的刀子一样刺痛了我的脸。
11.By the time we got home, the rain had mostly stopped.
我们到家的时候, 雨已经基本停了。
12.Even worse, the temperature suddenly dropped.
更糟糕的是, 气温突然下降。
13.The swollen river flooded the road.
上涨的河流淹没了道路。
14.The wind dropped and the sea quietened.
风势减弱了, 大海平静了下来。
15.The beach was bathed in the sunshine.
海滩沐浴在阳光里。
16.Moonbeams streamed in through a window.
月光从一扇窗户倾泻而入。
17.I was very happy to hear the birds singing in the woods.
听到鸟儿在树林里歌唱, 我非常高兴。
18.The smell of the sea called up memories of her childhood.
大海的气味勾起了她对童年的回忆。
19.The water is deep blue and sunlight glitters on its clear surface.
水是深蓝色的, 阳光在清澈的水面上闪闪发光。
20.However, the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.
然而, 湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜, 景色迷人。
21.There was almost no wind—only the flames of our fire for company.
几乎没有风, 只有篝火的火焰和我们做伴。
22.The rose gives out a sweet smell, which promises to be a perfect day.
玫瑰花散发出香甜的味道, 预示着完美的一天开始了。
Group 2　生动描写人物特征
1.Her lovely face looked pale.
她可爱的面庞看上去苍白。
2.She is charming when she smiles.
她笑起来的时候很迷人。
3.She is tall and slim with long hair reaching her waist.
她又高又痩, 长发齐腰。
4.He is about 1.75 metres in height and has broad shoulders.
他身高大约一米七五, 肩膀宽阔。
5.He had the most beautiful blue eyes I had never seen.
他有一双我从未见过的最漂亮的蓝眼睛。
6.My uncle is middle-aged and of average/medium height with a pair of thick glasses.
我叔叔处于中年, 中等身高, 戴一副厚眼镜。
7.He usually smiles a little and has a friendly look on his face. He isn't fat and isn't thin. He is a man of average build.
他通常面带微笑, 非常友好。他不胖也不瘦, 中等身材。
8.His eyes are deep-set because he has worked till midnight for a long time.
他的眼睛深陷, 因为他长期工作到半夜。
9.Once he set a goal, he will make great efforts to realise it.
一旦设定了目标, 他就会竭尽全力去实现它。
10.Although his mother is sometimes strict, she has a gentle side.
他的妈妈虽然有时严厉, 但也有温柔的一面。
11.His eyes were hard and unsmiling.
他目光严厉冷峻。
12.He is a man with great determination.
他是一个意志坚强的人。
13.Her husband was a kind-hearted and considerate man.
她的丈夫是一个善良而且体贴的人。
14.She really cared about other people and was an extremely talented listener.
她真的关心他人并且极其擅长倾听。
Group 3　生动刻画人物心理
1.I was wild with joy.
我欣喜若狂。
2.She had the pleasure of seeing him look surprised.
看他好像吃了一惊, 她感到开心。
3.The smile on her face shone like a diamond.
她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。
4.His dark eyes danced with pride, love and excitement.
他黑色的眼睛闪动着骄傲、爱和兴奋。
5.Although I was tired and in bad mood, I also felt warm and happy.
尽管我疲惫且心情不好, 但是我依然感受到了温暖和幸福。
6.Her heart raced when she opened the parcel and found a card.
当她打开包裹发现一张卡片时, 她的心加速跳了起来。
7.His heart leaped with joy.
他的心欢喜得怦怦直跳。
8.I was pleased beyond description.
我高兴得难以言表。
9.Her smile lit up the whole room.
她的笑容照亮了整个房间。
10.The crowd cheered and shouted happily.
群众欢呼着, 高兴地喊着。
11.Her hands were shaking. She was on the verge of tears.
她的双手在颤抖, 差点儿哭了出来。
12.He was disappointed to see she wasn't at the party.
看到她没来参加派对, 他感到很失望。
13.He was so disappointed that he went off in a huff.
他很失望, 怒气冲冲地走了。
14.She burst into tears and ran out of the kitchen.
她突然大哭起来, 跑出了厨房。
15.She looked pale and upset.
她看起来脸色苍白, 一脸苦恼。
16.He seemed anxious about the meeting.
他似乎对这次会议忧心忡忡。
17.I was close to tears as I told them the news.
我告诉他们这一消息时都快要哭出来了。
18.She sobbed, hiding her face in her hands.
她掩面啜泣。
19.Her eyes showed no fear. 她的眼神没有丝毫畏惧。
20.His voice was shaking as he announced the news.
当他宣布这个消息时, 他的声音在颤抖。
21.Hearing this news, I felt very shocked and puzzled.
听到这个消息, 我感到非常震惊和迷惑。
22.When I saw a snake, I felt so scared that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak.
当我看到一条蛇时, 我感到非常害怕, 我的喉咙发紧, 膝盖发软。
23.When a tiger was approaching me, I froze with terror.
当一只老虎向我逼近时, 我吓得呆住了。
24.She's been very depressed and upset about this whole situation.
整个境况使她感到非常沮丧, 心烦意乱。
Group 4　生动讲述故事发展
1.He stood there, head back, framed against the blue sky.
他站在那里, 头向后仰, 衬托在蓝天下。
2.She leapt out of the back seat, and gave him a hug.
她从后座上一跃而起, 给了他一个拥抱。
3.He was treading quietly and cautiously.
他蹑手蹑脚地走着。
4.He sprang to his feet and rushed after her.
他立刻站了起来, 冲过去追她。
5.I dragged myself out of bed and into the bathroom.
我吃力地下床走进浴室。
6.She walked slowly down the road, evidently in pain.
她沿路慢慢地走着, 显然很痛苦。
7.He burst into tears and stormed off.
他突然大哭起来, 气呼呼地跑了。
8.She felt very depressed about the future.
她感到前途无望。
9.She ran off when she heard the sound of his voice.
听到他的说话声, 她跑开了。
10.She woke to feel a searing pain in her feet.
她醒来后感到脚上一阵火辣辣的疼痛。
11.I can smell something burning in the kitchen.
我能闻到厨房里有东西烧焦了。
12.I heard a faint rustle in the bushes.
我听到树丛里发出一阵轻微的窸窣声。
13.She was aware of a tall dark figure watching her.
她发现有个高高的黑影在注视着她。
14.He was aware of the wind blowing in his face.
他感到风在他脸上吹拂。
15.He was alarmed to discover that his car was gone.
他惊慌地发现自己的车不见了。
16.She soon spotted me in the crowd.
她很快在人群中发现了我。
17.The crowd drifted away from the scene of the accident.
人群渐渐从事故现场散去。
18.A good idea suddenly flashed across his mind.
一个好主意突然闪过他的脑海。
19.He leaned back in his chair.
他仰靠在椅背上。
20.He plucked up the courage and knocked at the door.
他鼓起勇气, 敲了敲门。
Group 5　高调阐明故事意义
1.I would always love her till the end of my life.
我将爱她一生。
2.The two brothers waved grateful goodbye to him.
兄弟俩感激地向他挥手告别。
3.It is an unforgettable moment to me, which I will treasure forever.
这对我来说是一个难忘的时刻, 我将永远珍重。
4.My patience and love convinced him that the world was full of kindness.
我的耐心和爱让他相信这个世界充满了善良。
5.I will do well what I should do in my future life.
在未来的生活中我会做好自己该做的事情。
6.I admire her determination to get it right.
我赞赏她非把事情弄清楚的决心。
7.I realised that a sincere heart was more significant than money.
我意识到一颗真诚的心比金钱更有意义。
8.The happiest people are not those who own the best things, but the ones who can really appreciate the beauty of life.
最幸福的人并非是那些拥有最好的东西的人, 而是那些真正懂得欣赏生活之美的人。
9.Don't take people's concern for granted. No matter how much they love you, people get tired eventually.
不要把别人的关心当成理所当然。不管他们有多爱你, 最终也会有疲惫的一天。
10.After that, our relationship became closer and I was more like a friend than a teacher to them.
从那以后, 我们的关系变得更亲密, 并且我对他们而言更像是朋友而不是老师。
Group 6　恰当使用高级语法结构
◆形容词短语做状语
1.He approached us, full of apologies.
他连声道歉地朝我们走过来。
2.He stared at the footprints, full of fear.
他盯着这些脚印, 内心里充满了恐惧。
3.Surprised and happy, he stood up and accepted the prize.
他又惊又喜地站起来领奖。
4.Lost in the mountain for two days, they were finally saved by the local police.
他们在山里迷路两天后, 最终被当地警察救了出来。
5.Angry at the girl's oversleeping, Mr Green went and woke her up.
格林先生对女孩睡过头很生气, 于是去把她叫醒。
6.Tom, glad to accept the suggestion, nodded his agreement.
汤姆乐意接受这个建议, 点头同意了。
7.Wet or fine, he always got up at six and took a walk in the park.
不管是雨天还是晴天, 他总是六点钟起床, 并在公园里散步。
8.She just stood there for a moment, unable to believe what had just happened.
她就在那儿站了一会儿, 无法相信刚才发生的事情。
◆with复合结构
1.The girl looked up with tears in her eyes.
那女孩眼泪汪汪地抬起头。
2.She walked out in the rain, with her clothes all wet.
她冒雨出去, 衣服都湿透了。
3.With his parents absent, Tom became more naughty.
父母不在, 汤姆变得更淘气了。
4.With the door and windows open wide, the room was very cold.
门窗大开, 屋内很冷。
5.With summer drawing near, it is becoming hotter and hotter.
随着夏天的到来, 天气变得越来越热。
6.The girl smiled, with her long hair flowing in the breeze.
那女孩微笑着, 她的长发在微风中飘荡。
7.He left home at midnight with nobody knowing where he was.
他半夜离开家, 没有人知道他在哪里。
◆动词-ing形式做状语
1.He held his breath, trying not to make the slightest sound.
他屏住呼吸, 尽量不发出任何声音。
2.Having reviewed his lessons for a whole weekend at home, he expected the coming exam with confidence.
在家里复习了整整一个周末的功课后, 他满怀信心地期待着即将到来的考试。
3.Having wandered aimlessly in the street for hours, she felt a little hungry and wished for something to eat.
在街上漫无目的地游荡了几个小时后, 她感到有点饿了, 想吃点东西。
4.Having greeted our neighbours, we began to set up our tent.
与邻居们打过招呼后, 我们开始搭起我们的帐篷。
5.I opened the letter carefully, hoping for the clue to the identity of the wallet's owner.
我小心地打开信, 希望能找到有关钱包主人身份的线索。
6.Having experienced failures one after another, she finally made it.
经历了一次又一次的失败后, 她终于成功了。
7.She felt exhausted and sat by the stream, resting her aching feet.
她感到精疲力竭, 就坐在小溪边, 休息一下疼痛的双脚。
8.Feeling extremely exhausted, Jane was quite at a loss as to how to cope with the terrible situation.
简极度疲惫, 完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。
四、概要写作高分语料(备用)
Group 1　一词多译
◆ 常用名词
方法 way, method, approach, means
困难 difficulty, challenge, barrier
问题 problem, question, trouble, issue
事情 thing, matter, affair, business
机会 chance, opportunity, occasion
目标 goal, target, aim
责任 duty, responsibility
发展 development, progress, advance
职业 job, career, employment, profession
优势 advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, strength
劣势disadvantage, shortcoming, weakness, drawback, downside, limitation
◆重点动词(短语)
认为think, consider, insist
知道know, realise, be aware of, learn about
相信believe (in), have faith in, trust, be convinced of
使用use, apply, employ
完成finish, achieve, accomplish, complete
获得gain, get, acquire, attain, obtain
提供offer, provide, supply, afford
鼓励encourage, motivate, stimulate, inspire
发生happen, occur, take place, come about
同意agree, approve, consent
要求request, demand, require, claim
影响influence, impact, affect
表明show, suggest, imply, indicate, demonstrate
导致lead to, bring about, result in, contribute to
◆描绘性形容词
好的good, excellent, outstanding, favourable
坏的bad, awful, terrible, negative, harmful
大的big, massive, huge, enormous, giant, vast
小的small, tiny
富的rich, wealthy, well-off
穷的poor, needy
有益的helpful, beneficial, rewarding, advantageous
有害的harmful, damaging, destructive
勇敢的brave, bold, courageous, fearless, daring
害怕的afraid, frightened, scared, fearful
严重的serious, severe
困难的difficult, tough, challenging
悲伤的sad, depressed, sorrowful, heartbroken
高兴的happy, delightful, glad, joyful, merry, cheerful
重要的important, essential, significant, vital, crucial, critical
漂亮的 beautiful, charming, attractive, fascinating, pretty, eye-catching
◆高频副词(短语)
经常often, regularly, frequently
很少rarely, seldom, hardly ever
起先firstly, originally, initially, to begin with
然后then, subsequently, afterwards, thereafter
最后lastly, ultimately, eventually, finally
立刻immediately, shortly, right now, right away
偶尔occasionally, at times, now and then
也also, too, as well, likewise, either
因为because, as, due to, since, in that
非常very, exceedingly, extremely, highly, pretty, terribly
目前now, at present, nowadays, recently
忽然suddenly, all of a sudden, all at once
当然certainly, definitely, undoubtedly
但是however, nevertheless, while, yet, though
大约approximately, about, around, roughly, almost, some
平稳地steadily, smoothly
实际上actually, as a matter of fact, indeed, in fact, truly
完全地totally, completely, absolutely, entirely, fully
因此so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result, in consequence
◆介词(短语)和其他
关于about, concerning, involving, regarding
提前ahead of time, ahead of schedule, in advance
例如for instance, for example, such as
随着时间的推移as time goes on/by, with time going on/by
随着……的到来with the coming/approaching/arrival of...
在某种程度上to some extent, to some degree, in a sense, in a way
Group 2　词性转换
在概要写作中, 学生若是不能完全用自己的语言进行转换表达, 可以通过词性转换法来改变原句中一些词的词性以避免照搬原文。
1.We found it difficult to solve this complicated problem. (形容词与名词的转换)
We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.
2.The buses are safe for the environment. (名词与副词的转换)
The buses are environmentally safe.
3.The white and the black should be equally treated. (副词与形容词的转换; 动词与名词的转换)
The white and the black should receive equal treatment.
4.What he had said left a deep impression on me. (形容词与副词的转换; 名词与动词的转换)
His words deeply impressed me.
5.It is absolutely necessary to think independently in study. (形容词与名词的转换; 副词与形容词的转换)
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. (共34张PPT)
考前抢分
必背
第一部分　背词形转换核心词汇
英 语
一、高考可能会考的词形转换
Group 1
1.absent adj.缺席的; 不在的→　　　　　　 n.缺席; 不在
2.accept v.接受; 认可→　　　　　　　 adj.可接受的→　　　　　　 n.
同意; 认可
3.access n.通路→　　　　　　　　 adj.可接近的→　　　　　　 adj.难到达的;不可及的
4.act v.行动; 扮演→　　　　　　 adj.忙碌的; 活跃的→　　　　　　 n.活动; 活跃
5.adjust v.适应; 调整→　　　　　　　　 n.调整; 调节→　　　　　　 adj.可调节的
absence　
acceptable
acceptance　
accessible　
inaccessible
active
activity
adjustment　
adjustable　
6.admire v.钦佩→　　　　　　　 adj.可钦佩的; 值得赞赏的
→　　　　　　　 n.钦佩; 赞赏
7.admit v.承认→　　　　　　　 n.承认
8.advance v.前进; 进展→　　　　　　　 adj.先进的; 高级的
9.advertise v.做广告→　　　　　　　　 n.广告; 启事
10.agree v.同意; 赞成→　　　　　　　　 n.协定; (意见)一致
→　　　　　　 v.不同意
11.agriculture n.农业; 农学→　　　　　　　 adj.农业的; 农用的
12.amaze v.使惊奇; 使惊愕→　　　　　　　 n.惊奇
→　　　　　　　 adj.令人惊讶的
13.amuse v.逗乐; (使)娱乐→　　　　　　　 n.可笑; 娱乐
admirable
admiration　
admission　
advanced
advertisement　
agreement　
disagree
agricultural　
amazement　
amazing　
amusement
14.anger n.怒火→　　　　　　 adv.生气地
15.announce v.宣布→　　　　　　　　 n.通告; 公告; 宣布
16.apply v.申请; 应用→　　　　　　　 n.申请书; 应用
→　　　　　　 n.申请人
17.appreciate v.感激; 欣赏→　　　　　　　　 n.感激; 欣赏
18.approve v.赞成; 批准→　　　　　　 n.赞成; 批准
19.argue v.争论; 争吵→　　　　　　　 n.争辩
20.arrange v.安排; 筹备→　　　　　　　　 n.安排; 筹备
angrily　
announcement　
application　
applicant
appreciation　
approval
argument　
arrangement
Group 2
1.attract v.吸引; 引起(反应)→　　　　　　　 adj.有吸引力的→　　　　　　 n.吸引力
2.bear v.忍受; 承受→　　　　　　 adj.可忍受的
3.beauty n.美丽→　　　　　　　 adj.美丽的
4.believe v.相信; 认为真实→　　　　　　 n.信念; 信心 →　　　　　　 adj.可信的
5.breath n.呼吸的空气→　　　　　　　　 adj.(使)气喘吁吁的
6.careful adj.小心; 谨慎→　　　　　　　　 n.粗心; 疏忽
7.celebrate v.庆祝→　　　　　　　 n.庆祝; 庆祝活动
attractive　
attraction
bearable　
beautiful　
belief　
believable
breathless　
carelessness
celebration　
8.centre n.中心点; 中心→　　　　　　 adj.最重要的; 主要的
9.change v.改变; 变化→　　　　　　　 adj.可能变化的
10.cheer v.欢呼; 喝彩→　　　　　　　 adj.快乐的; 高兴的
11.choose v.选择; 挑选→　　　　　　 n.选择; 挑选
12.collect v.收集; 采集→　　　　　　　 n.收藏品 →　　　　　　
n.收藏家
fortable adj.舒服的→　　　　　　　 adv.舒服地
→　　　　　　　 adj.使人不舒服的→　　　　　　 n.舒适;舒服　v.使舒服→　　　　　　 v.使不舒服　n.不舒服
mit v.犯(罪); 承诺→　　　　　　　　 n.承诺; 投入
central　
changeable　
cheerful　
choice　
collection　
collector　
comfortably
uncomfortable　
comfort
discomfort
commitment　
municate v.沟通; 传达→　　　　　　　　 n.交流; 传递
pete v.竞争; 对抗→　　　　　　　　 n.竞争者,对手→　　　　　　 n.竞争;比赛
17.concentrate v.集中(注意力)→　　　　　　　　 n.专心; 专注
18.conclude v.得出结论→　　　　　　　 n.结论
19.confident adj.自信的; 有自信心的→　　　　　　　　 n.信心; 信任
20.confuse v.使迷惑; (将……)混淆→　　　　　　　 adj.难以理解的
→　　　　　　　 adj.迷惑的 →　　　　　　 n.混淆
communication　
competitor
competition
concentration　
conclusion　
confidence　
confusing
confused
confusion
Group 3
1.congratulate v.祝贺→　　　　　　　　 n.恭喜; 祝贺
2.connect v.(使)连接; 联结→　　　　　　　 n.联系; 连接
3.consider v.仔细考虑, 细想→　　　　　　　　 n.仔细考虑; 斟酌
→　　　　　　　 adj.值得考虑的→　　　　　　　adj.深思熟虑的
4.construct v.建筑; 修建→　　　　　　　 n.建筑; 建造
→　　　　　　　adj.建设性的
5.contain v.包含; 容纳→　　　　　　　 n.容器; 集装箱
6.contribute v.捐献; 捐赠→　　　　　　　　 n.捐款; 捐资; 贡献
→　　　　　　　　 n.捐助者
7.convenient adj.方便的; 便利的→　　　　　　　　 n.方便; 便利
→　　　　　　　　adj.不方便的→　　　　　　　　 n.不方便
congratulation　
connection　
consideration　
considerable
considerate　
construction　
constructive
container
contribution　
convenience　
contributor　
inconvenient
inconvenience　
8.danger n.危险; 风险→　　　　　　 adj.危险的→　　　　　　 adv.危险地
9.decide v.决定; 选定→　　　　　　　 n.决定; 抉择→　　　　　　 adj.决定性的
10.declare v.宣布; 宣告→　　　　　　　　 n.宣布; 宣告
11.decorate v.装饰; 装潢→　　　　　　　 n.装饰品→　　　　　　　adj.装饰性的
12.deep adj.深的; 厚的→　　　　　　 n.深(度)→　　　　　　 v.加强; 加深(理解)
dangerous
dangerously　
decision
declaration　
decoration　
depth
deepen　
decisive
decorative
13.depend v.信赖; 依靠→　　　　　　　 n.依赖; 依靠
→　　　　　　　　 adj.依赖的; 依靠的→　　　　　　　 adj.独立的
→　　　　　　　 n.独占
dependence
dependent
independent
independence　
14.describe v.描述; 形容→　　　　　　　 n.形容; 说明
→　　　　　　　adj.描述性的
15.determine v.决定; 确定→　　　　　　　　 n.决心; 决定
→　　　　　　　adj.坚决的
16.develop v.(使)成长; 发展→　　　　　　　　 n.发展
17.devote v.致力; 献身→　　　　　　 n.挚爱; 奉献 →　　　　　　　adj.专心致志的
description　
descriptive　
determination　
determined　
development　
devotion　
devoted　
18.differ v.不同于; 有区别→　　　　　　　 n.差别; 差异
→　　　　　　 adj.不同的
19.disagree v.不同意; 有分歧→　　　　　　　　 n.意见不一; 分歧
20.educate v.教育→　　　　　　　 n.教育→　　　　　　　 n.教育家
difference
different
disagreement　
education
educator
Group 4
1.effect n.效应; 影响→　　　　　　 adj.有效的
2.employ v.雇用→　　　　　　　 n.雇主; 老板→　　　　　　　 n.雇工; 雇员 →　　　　　　　 adj.失业的
3.encourage v.鼓励; 激励→　　　　　　　　 n.鼓励; 鼓舞
4.enjoy v.欣赏; 喜爱→　　　　　　　 adj.令人愉快的; 使人快乐的
5.enter v.进来; 进去→　　　　　　　 n.大门(口); 入口(处)
6.equip v.装备; 配备→　　　　　　　 n.装备; 设备
7.explain v.解释; 说明→　　　　　　　　 n.解释; 说明
effective　
employer
employee　
encouragement　
enjoyable　
entrance
equipment　
explanation　
unemployed
8.express v.表达; 表示→　　　　　　　　 n.表达; 表示; 表情
9.extreme adj.极度的; 极大的→　　　　　　　 adv.极其; 极端
10.fail v.失败→　　　　　　　 n.失败
11.fortune n.巨款; 运气→　　　　　　 adj.幸运的→　　　　　　 adv.幸运地→　　　　　　　 adj.不幸的
12.graduate v.毕业→　　　　　　　 n.毕业
13.harm n.& v.伤害; 损害→　　　　　 adj.有害的→　　　　　　 adj.无害的
expression　
extremely　
failure　
fortunate
fortunately
unfortunate　
graduation　
harmful
harmless　
14.health n.健康→　　　　　　 adj.健康的; 健壮的→　　　　　　 adj.不健康的
15.help n.& v.帮助→　　　　　　 adj.有帮助的→　　　　　　　 adj.无助的
16.hope n.& v.希望→　　　　　 adj.抱有希望的→　　　　　　　　 adj.无望的 →　　　　　　　 adv.有希望地
17.humour n.幽默感→　　　　　　　 adj.有幽默感的
→　　　　　　　 n.幽默的人;幽默作家
healthy　
unhealthy
helpful
helpless　
hopeful
hopeless　
hopefully　
humorous　
humorist
18.hunger n.饥饿; 饥荒→　　　　　　 adj.感到饿的; 饥饿的
→　　　　　　 adv.饥饿地
19.impress v.给……留下深刻的好印象→　　　　　　　　 n.印象
→　　　　　　　　 adj.令人赞叹的
20.improve v.改善; 改进→　　　　　　　　 n.改善; 改进
hungry
hungrily　
impression
impressive　
improvement
Group 5
1.instruct v.命令; 指示→　　　　　　　　 n.命令; 操作指南
→　　　　　　　 adj.富有教益的
2.intend v.计划; 打算→　　　　　　　 n.意图; 目的
3.interview n.& v.面试→　　　　　　　 n.采访者→　　　　　　　 n.参加面试者; 接受采访者
4.introduce v.(自我)介绍; 引见→　　　　　　　　 n.(正式的)介绍; 引见
5.invent v.发明; 创造→　　　　　　 n.发明; 创造→　　　　　　　 n.发明者; 发明家
6.invite v.邀请→　　　　　　　 n.邀请; 请柬
instruction　
instructive
intention　
interviewer
interviewee　
introduction
invention
inventor　
invitation　
7.joy n.高兴; 愉快→　　　　　　 adj.高兴的; 令人愉快的
8.laugh v.笑; 发笑→　　　　　　　 n.笑; 笑声
9.lazy adj.懒散的; 懒惰的→　　　　　　　 n.懒散; 懒惰
10.limit v.限制; 限度→　　　　　　 adj.有限的→　　　　　adj.无限的
11.major adj.主要的; 重要的→　　　　　　　 n.大部分; 大多数
12.manage v.负责; 管理→　　　　　　 n.经理→　　　　　　　　 n.经营; 管理
13.marry v.(和某人)结婚; 嫁; 娶→　　　　　　　 n.婚姻
joyful　
laughter　
laziness　
limited
majority　
manager
management　
marriage　
limitless　
14.memory n.记忆力; 记性→　　　　　　　 adj.纪念的; 悼念的
15.mix v.(使)混合; 融合→　　　　　　 n.混合物
16.mountain n.高山; 山岳→　　　　　　　 adj.多山的
17.nation n.国家; 民族→　　　　　　 adj.国家的; 民族的
18.nature n.自然界; 大自然→　　　　　　 adj.自然的; 天然的
→　　　　　　　 adv.自然地
19.noise n.噪声→　　　　　　 adj.喧闹的; 嘈杂的→　　　　　　 adv.喧闹地; 嘈杂地
20.occupy v.使用, 占用→　　　　　　　 n.工作; 职业; 侵占
memorial　
mixture
mountainous　
national　
natural
naturally　
noisy
noisily　
occupation
Group 6
1.operate v.动手术; 运转; 操作; 经营→　　　　　　　 n.手术; 运转
→　　　　　　 n.操作人员
2.organise v.组织→　　　　　　　 n.机构; 组织→　　　　　 n.组织者
3.pain n.疼痛; 痛苦→　　　　　　 adj.令人痛苦的
4.patient adj.有耐心的→　　　　　　　 n.忍耐力; 耐心
→　　　　　　adj.不耐烦的
5.peace n.和平→　　　　　　 adj.平静的; 和平的→　　　　　　 adv.平静地
6.perform v.表演; 演出→　　　　　　　　 n.表演; 演出
→　　　　　　　 n.表演者; 演员
operation
operator　
organisation
organiser　
painful　
patience
impatient　
peaceful
peacefully　
performance
performer　
7.permit v.准许; 允许→　　　　　　　　 n.许可; 批准
8.person n.人→　　　　　　 adj.个人的; 私人的→　　　　　　　　 n.个性; 性格→　　　　　　 adv.就个人而言
9.please v.使愉快; 使满意→　　　　　　　 adj.令人愉快的
→　　　　　　　 n.快乐; 乐事
10.poison n.毒药; 毒物→　　　　　　　 adj.引起中毒的; 有毒的
11.pollute v.污染→　　　　　　　　 n.污染
12.possess v.拥有; 有→　　　　　　　　 n.拥有; 具有
13.possible adj.可能→　　　　　　 n.可能; 可能性→　　　　　　 adj.不可能的
permission　
personal
personality　
personally
pleasant
pleasure　
poisonous　
pollution　
possession　
possibility
impossible　
14.prepare v.使做好准备→　　　　　　　 n.准备; 预备
15.press v.按; 压→　　　　　　　 n.压力
16.private adj.私有的; 私用的→　　　　　　 n.隐私; 私密
→　　　　　　　 adv.私下地
17.promote v.促进; 推动→　　　　　　　 n.提升; 提拔
18.proud adj.骄傲的; 自豪的→　　　　　　 adv.骄傲地; 自豪地
19.real adj.真的; 真正的→　　　　　　 adv.事实上; 真正地
→　　　　　　 n.现实
20.realise v.理解, 领会; 实现→　　　　　　　 n.实现; 认识
preparation　
pressure　
privacy
privately　
promotion　
proudly　
really
reality　
realisation
Group 7
1.reason n.理由; 原因→　　　　　　　 adj.合乎情理的
→　　　 　　　 adj.不合理的; 不公正的
2.relax v.放松; 休息→　　　　　　　 n.放松; 休息
3.rely v.依赖; 依靠→　　　　　　 adj.可信赖的; 可依靠的
4.require v.需要; 依靠→　　　　　　　 n.所需的(或所要的)东西
5.satisfy v.使满意; 使满足→　　　　　　 adj.满意的; 满足的
→　　　　　　　　 n.满意; 满足 →　　　　　　　　adj.令人满意的
6.science n.科学→　　　　　　 n.科学家→　　　　　　 adj.科学(上)的→　　　　　　　　 adv.科学地
reasonable
unreasonable　
relaxation　
reliable　
requirement　
satisfied
satisfaction　
satisfactory
scientist
scientific
scientifically　
7.secure adj.安心的; 有把握的→　　　　　　 n.安全; 安全工作
8.serve v.(给某人)提供; 端上→　　　　　　 n.接待, 服务
→　　　　　　 n.仆人; 佣人
9.sharp adj.锋利的; 尖的→　　　　　　 adv.尖刻地; 猛烈地
→　　　　　　 v.(使)变得锋利
10.simple adj.简单的; 简朴的→　　　　　　 adv.简单地
→　　　　　　 v.使简化; 使简易
11.succeed v.成功; 做到→　　　　　　 n.成功→　　　　　　　　 adj.成功的→　　　　　　　　 adv.成功地
12.suit v.合(某人)心意→　　　　　　　 adj.合适的; 适宜的
security　
service
servant
sharply
sharpen　
simply
simplify　
success
successful
successfully
suitable　
13.survive v.生存; 存活→　　　　　 n.生存; 存活→　　　　　 n.幸存者
14.tend v.倾向; 照顾→　　　　　　　 n.倾向; 趋势
15.tradition n.传统→　　　　　 adj.传统的→　　　　　　 adv.传统上
16.translate v.翻译→　　　　　　　 n.翻译; 译文→　　　　　　　 n.翻译家; 译员
17.value n.(商品)价值→　　　　　　　 adj.很有用的; 宝贵的
→　　　　　　　adj.无价值的
18.violent adj.暴力的; 强暴的→　　　　　　　 n.暴力; 暴行
19.warm adj.温暖的; 暖和的→　　　　　　 n.温暖; 暖和
20.wealth n.财富→　　　　　　 adj.富有的; 富裕的
survival
survivor　
tendency　
traditional
traditionally
translation
translator　
valuable　
valueless　
violence　
warmth　
wealthy
二、高考必用的词形变化规则
◆动词过去式、过去分词的变化规则
1.一般情况下, 动词词尾加-ed。如:
work→worked　play→played　want→wanted　act→acted
2.以不发音的e 结尾的动词, 词尾加-d。如:
live→lived　move→moved　taste→tasted　hope→hoped
3.以 “辅音字母+y” 结尾的动词, 把y变为i 再加-ed。如:
study→studied　copy→copied　cry→cried　carry→carried
4.以“一个辅音字母+一个元音字母+一个辅音字母” 结尾的动词, 即“辅+元+辅”, 且为单音节的词时, 双写词尾辅音字母, 再加-ed。如:
stop→stopped　beg→begged　drag→dragged　drop→dropped　plan→planned fit→fitted
5.有两个音节并且重音在第二音节,词尾为“辅+元+辅”的动词, 双写词尾辅音字母, 再加-ed。如:
regret→regretted　control→controlled　admit→admitted　occur→occurred　prefer→preferred　refer→referred　permit→permitted　equip→equipped
注意: quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写(英式英语)也可不双写(美式英语)。
◆可数名词复数形式的规则变化
1.一般情况下, 名词词尾加-s。如:
teacher→teachers　doctor→doctors　student→students　table→tables
2.以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词, 词尾加-es。如:
dish→dishes　box→boxes　glass→glasses
注意: stomach的复数形式直接加s, 即stomachs。
3.以 “辅音字母+y” 结尾的名词, 变y为i再加-es。如:
baby→babies　army→armies　family→families　body→bodies
4.以 “元音字母+y” 结尾的名词, 词尾加-s。 如:
toy→toys　boy→boys　way→ways　key→keys
5.以f或fe结尾的名词, 大多数变f或fe为v, 再加-es, 但少数加-s。如:
knife→knives　shelf→shelves　wife→wives　proof→proofs　roof→roofschief→chiefs　belief→beliefs
6.以o结尾的名词, 通常词尾加-s, 但有的加-es。如:
video→videos　radio→radios　zoo→zoos　hero→heroes　tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes
◆可数名词复数形式的不规则变化
1.名词前有man或woman修饰, 变复数时, 做定语的man或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如:
woman doctor→women doctors
2.常见单复数同形的名词: Chinese, means, works, sheep, deer, series, fish, fruit。但fish, fruit表示种类时可变复数形式, 即fishes, fruits。
3.自身有特殊变化的名词。如:
child→children　man→men　foot→feet　tooth→teeth　medium→media　mouse→mice　phenomenon→phenomena
4.有些名词通常只用作复数。如:
clothes, goods, trousers, belongings, surroundings, cattle, congratulations
5.固定搭配中的名词常用复数。如:
have words with sb (同某人吵架), in high spirits(情绪高昂), give one's regards to sb (向某人问候), in rags(衣衫褴褛), have good manners(有礼貌), take pains to do... (努力干……)
◆形容词转换为副词的变化规则
1.形容词变副词通常在词尾加-ly。如:
quick→quickly　polite→politely　sad→sadly
2.少数以e结尾的形容词, 要去掉e再加-ly。如:
true→truly
3.绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词, 直接加-ly。如:
polite→politely　wide→widely　wise→wisely
4.以 “辅音字母+y” 结尾的形容词, 要把y改成i, 再加-ly。如:
happy→happily　heavy→heavily　angry→angrily　busy→busily
5.以ic结尾的形容词, 词尾加-ally。如:
economic→economically　basic→basically　automatic→automatically　energetic→energetically scientific→scientifically
6.以 “辅音字母+le” 结尾的形容词, 去e加-y。如:
simple→simply　gentle→gently　terrible→terribly　possible→possibly
注意: 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词: friendly; motherly; lovely; heavenly; manly。
◆形容词、副词比较等级的变化规则
1.一般情况下, 形容词、副词词尾加-er, -est。如:
high→higher→highest　warm→warmer→warmest
2.以字母e结尾只加-r, -st。如:
brave→braver→bravest　able→abler→ablest
3.以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节, 双写该辅音字母后再加-er, -est。如:
big→bigger→biggest　fat→fatter→fattest　thin→thinner→thinnest
4.以 “辅音字母+y” 结尾的词, 将y变为i再加-er, -est。如:
happy→happier→happiest　early→earlier→earliest　easy→easier→easiest
5.多音节词的比较级和最高级在词前加more, most。如:
difficult→more difficult→most difficult　careful→more careful→most careful　popular→more popular→most popular
6.much, even, still, rather, any, by far, a lot, far, a little, a bit等修饰形容词的比较级。
7.favourite, perfect, superior, right, wrong等没有比较级和最高级。(共32张PPT)
核心语法
必备
专题二　非谓语动词
英 语
内容索引
要点精讲 破疑解难　
对点演练 精准提升
要点精讲 破疑解难　
重点一　非谓语动词做主语、表语和宾语
1.非谓语动词中能做主语的有动词-ing形式和动词不定式
(1)动词-ing形式做主语时表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作; 动词不定式做主语时表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
(2)it可做形式主语, 代替真正做主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见的句型有It is/was no use/good doing sth; It is/was useless doing sth; It's a waste of time doing sth; It's+adj.+for/of sb+to do sth等。
2.非谓语动词中能做表语的有动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和动词不定式。注意:动词-ing形式做表语时, 意为 “令人感到……的”, 而动词-ed形式做表语时, 意为 “本身感到……的”。
3.非谓语动词中能做宾语的有动词-ing形式和动词不定式
(1)跟动词不定式做宾语的动词(短语)有beg, offer, wish, hope, decide, refuse, fail, pretend, manage, want, plan, promise, choose, would like等。
(2)跟动词-ing形式做宾语的动词(短语)有advise, admit, appreciate, allow, avoid, advocate, consider, deny, delay, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, fancy, forbid, feel like, get down to, imagine, insist on, keep, keep on, mind, mention, miss, oppose, object to, permit, put off, practise, risk, recommend, suggest等。
重点二　非谓语动词做定语
考点 1　动词不定式做定语
用法 例句
to do做定语表示将来的动作; to be done做定语表示将来且被动的动作 The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.
会上将要讨论的这个问题非常重要。
动词不定式可修饰序数词、最高级或由no, all, any等限定的中心词, 且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校, 最后一个离校。
用法 例句
被修饰词是抽象名词时, 常用动词不定式做定语。该类名词有, idea,ability, chance, hope, attempt, way, fact, promise, wish等 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同样重要。
考点2　分词做定语
1.分词形式做定语的用法
形式 用法 例句
动词-ing 被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为逻辑上的主动关系, 动词-ing形式表示被修饰词的特征 He found her a charming girl.
他发现她是位迷人的姑娘。
being done 被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为逻辑上的动宾关系, 表示动作正在进行 The houses being built are for the teachers.
正在建的那些房子是为老师们建的。
形式 用法 例句
done 被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为逻辑上的动宾关系, 表示状态或动作已经完成; 不及物动词的过去分词做定语,只表示完成不表示被动 “Things lost never come again!” I couldn't help talking to myself.
我不禁自言自语道: “失去的东西不会再来!”
fallen leaves 落叶
2.现在分词与过去分词做定语时的比较
形式 用法 示例
现在分词 表示动作 正在进行
过去分词 表示动作 已经完成 重点三　非谓语动词做状语
考点 1　动词不定式做状语　
用法 例句
做目的状语, 有时动词不定式前可加in order 或so as, 但so as to 不能用于句首 The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
公共汽车停下来以便搭载乘客。
做结果状语表示出乎意料的结 果, 常用于结构only to do, enough to do, too... to do, so/such... to do We hurried to the station, only to be told that the train had left.
我们急匆匆地赶到车站, 结果被告知火车已经开走了。
用法 例句
常与表示情绪的形容词, 如anxious, happy, frightened, surprised 等连用, 表示引起某种情绪的原因 You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.
你永远不会知道我昨天见到她有多高兴。
在 “主语+系动词+形容词+to do” 的结构中,动词不定式做修饰性状语, 主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy, hard, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant等 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on.
这把椅子看上去很硬, 但实际上坐上去很舒服。
考点 2　分词做状语
分词做状语时, 其逻辑主语是句子的主语, 一般在句中做时间、原因、结果、方式、条件、伴随、让步等状语。
用法 例句
现在分词做状语时, 与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系 More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
中国已经修建了更多的公路, 这让人们从一个地方到另一个地方旅行变得更容易。(做结果状语)
过去分词做状语时, 与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系 Used with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
如果小心使用, 一罐可以用六个星期。(做条件状语)
提示
(1)某些过去分词(短语)已经形容词化, 它们既不表示被动, 也不表示完成, 而表示一种状态, 如lost, seated, hidden, lost/absorbed in, dressed in, tired of等。
Absorbed in the book, he didn't notice me enter the room.
他全神贯注地看书, 没有注意到我进了房间。
(2)独立成分做状语时, 其形式不受上下文的影响。常用的有considering..., generally speaking, judging by/from..., supposing that..., providing that..., owing to..., talking/speaking of..., given..., provided that..., to tell the truth, to be honest等。
命题特点
重点四　非谓语动词做补语
考点1　动词不定式做补语　
用法 例句
有些动词(短语)后可接不定式做宾语补足语, 即 “动词(短语)+宾语+to do”, 如advise, want, allow, permit, persuade, remind, invite, depend on, call on等 Father advised me to say something.
父亲建议我说点什么。
常用动词不定式做主语补足语的句型有sb/sth be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought +to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done... He is said to have been found in the street.
据说他在大街上被找到了。
考点2　分词做补语　
现在分词做宾语补足语时, 句中的宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系; 过去分词做宾语补足语时, 宾语补足语与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.
他们用电脑保持交通畅通。(the traffic 与run是逻辑上的主谓关系)
Please remember that I want to see it carried out immediately.
请记住, 我想看到它立即执行。(carry out 与it是逻辑上的动宾关系)
提示
常考的分词做补语的几种情况:
(1)感官动词(组), 如see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel等后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式, 即do/doing/done。do 表示主动(在被动句中需要还原to); doing表示主动或正在进行; done 表示被动或完成。
As I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
当我走近时, 我看见他的腿在空中乱踢, 呼吸沉重。
(2)表示 “使, 让” 的动词, 如make/let/have/get/keep/leave+宾语+补语
结构 to do doing done
makelet/+宾语 do × √
keep+宾语 × √ √
have+宾语 have sb do sth 意为“让某人做某事”; have sth to do意为“有某事要做”, to do做后置定语 √(表示主体使客体处于某种状态或一直做某事) √(表示让别人做某事或让某事被做)
get+宾语 √ √ √
leave+宾语 √ √ √
Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时, 克莱尔将行李进行了安检。
(3)with/without的复合结构: with+n.+doing(主动、进行)/done(被动、完成)/to do(目的、将来)。
Without anyone noticing, I went into the room.
我走进了房间, 没有人注意到。
重点五　常考固定句式中的非谓语形式
考点1　动词不定式用于固定句式中　
用法 例句
主语+系动词+形容词+to do结构, 这类形容词有easy, cheap, comfortable, impossible等, 表示主语的特性或性质,不定式和句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系 In my view, the book is very hard to understand.
依我看, 这本书很难理解。
It is/was+adj.+for sb to do sth结构, 做表语的形容词表示事物的性质, 如difficult, important, necessary等 It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in an hour.
我们难以在一个小时内写完这篇作文。
用法 例句
It is/was+adj.+of sb to do sth 结构, 做表语的形容词表示人物的特征, 如honest, foolish, nice等 It was generous of him to offer to pay for us.
他主动为我们付钱真是大方。
主语+be likely to do sth结构, 表示 “……可能做某事” Tickets are likely to be expensive.
入场券可能很贵。
It takes(sb) some time to do sth结构, 表示 “(某人)花时间做某事” It takes about half an hour to get to the airport.
到机场大概需要半小时。
疑问词(who, what, where, when, how等)+to do 结构, 该结构在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语等 He didn't know how to work out the question, so he asked the teacher for help.
他不知道如何解这道题, 因此他向老师求助。
考点2　动词-ing形式用于固定句式中
用法 例句
It's no good/no use/no fun/no pleasure doing sth 做某事没好处/没用处/没意思/不高兴 It is no use complaining without taking action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。
It's useless/worthwhile doing sth 做某事没用/值得 It is worthwhile making an appointment before you go.
你去之前预约一下是值得的。
It's a waste of time/money doing sth 做某事浪费时间/钱 It is a waste of time talking with such a stubborn man.
和如此固执的人交谈浪费时间。
用法 例句
spend/waste time/money(in) doing sth 花时间/钱做某事 I spent too much time watching television.
我看电视花的时间太多了。
have difficulty/trouble/fun(in) doing sth 做某事有困难/费力/好玩 I have difficulty(in) making myself understood.
我表达自己的意思有困难。
对点演练 精准提升
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2023·广西北海高三一模)A group of young people from the city come together 　　　　　　　　　(produce) a positive comedy programme.
2.My experience awakened me to not only the limitations 　　　　　(place) on ourselves, but also our amazing ability to adapt.
3.An ancient temple 　　　　　　　(date) back to the Qing Dynasty was destroyed in flames, 　　　　　　　(cause) concerns about the effective protection of cultural remains.
4.(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4,700 kilometres from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20, 　　　　　　(plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
to produce　
placed　
dating
causing　
planning
5.On tea plantations, 　　　　　　　(pull) the leaves easily, people cut them back to a bush of about a metre in height.
6.The giant panda, also 　　　　　　(know) as the panda bear or simply panda, is a bear native to south central China.
7.However, most of the fires this year are believed 　　　　　　　　(cause) by those farmers, who use fire as a traditional way to clean land.
to pull
known　
to be caused
8.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether 　　　　　(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth.
9.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the 　　　　　　(recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace.
10.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to
　　　　　　(visit)Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas,which are on loan from China.
to bite
recognized
visiting
Ⅱ.微语法填空
1.Poetry is a beautiful art form. Its power lies in the ability
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　(transform) ordinary experiences by capturing a moment or emotion. ②　　　　　　　(write) poetry is a privilege and struggle. That is partly because we need to create ourselves in a new way of ③　　　　　　　(observe) the world. Most of our time at the desk is spent ④　　　　　　　(struggle) with our imagination, and we know that a successful poem arrives on the back of failure. There are moments when an idea will not translate onto paper. Yet, failure is good, because every ⑤　　　　　　　(abandon) line we painstakingly remove prepares us for the ripe poem around the corner.
①答案 to transform　
解析 ability后常用动词不定式做后置定语, 故填to transform。
②答案 Writing　
解析 分析句子结构可知, write在句中应用非谓语动词形式, 因本句缺少主语, 且设空处位于句首, 单词首字母要大写, 故填Writing。
③答案 observing　
解析 设空处前是介词of, 应用动词-ing形式做宾语, a way of doing sth “做某事的一种方法”, 故填observing。
④答案 struggling　
解析 spent的宾语是Most of our time, 所以此处是spend time (in) doing sth结构, 此处应填动词-ing形式做宾语, 故填struggling。
⑤答案 abandoned　
解析 分析句子结构可知, 设空处应用非谓语动词形式, 因与line是逻辑上的动宾关系, 应用动词-ed形式做定语, 表示 “废弃的”, 故填abandoned。
2.　　I'll find a way ①　　　　　　　　(improve) on my own so that I can make the team next year. I joined a volunteer club instead. Every Wednesday, we work at a soup kitchen and hand out food to homeless people in the community.
I know I'll have to work harder as a senior high school student and get used to ②　　　　　　(be) responsible for a lot more. I'm a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my advanced course, and it'll be quite difficult ③　　　　　　(get) used to all the homework. Still, I'm happy to be here. ④　　　　　　(study) hard isn't always fun, but I'll be well ⑤　　　　　　　(prepare) for university or whatever comes in the future.
①答案 to improve
解析 a way to do sth 意为“做……的方法”, 此处用动词不定式做定语。
②答案 being
解析 get used to 意为“习惯于……”, 短语中的to为介词, 后接动词-ing形式做宾语。
③答案 to get
解析 该处动词不定式做主语, 用于it+be+adj.+to do sth句型中, 句首的it是形式主语。
④答案 Studying
解析 该处为动词-ing形式做主语。
⑤答案 prepared
解析 be well prepared for 为固定搭配, 意为“为……做好了准备”。(共26张PPT)
核心语法
必备
专题三　名词、形容词和副词
英 语
内容索引
要点精讲 破疑解难　
对点演练 精准提升
要点精讲 破疑解难　
重点一　名词
考点1　名词的数 　
1.可数名词中规则的复数变化
(1)一般情况下, 在词尾直接加-s: book→books, mouth→mouths, house→houses, girl→girls。
(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词, 在词尾加-es: glass→glasses, box→boxes, match→matches, brush→brushes。
(3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词, 变y为i再加-es: city→cities, country→countries, party→parties, factory→factories。
(4)以-o结尾的名词变为复数时, 常在词尾加-s, 但下列名词要加-es: hero→heroes, echo→echoes, potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes。
*下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es, 也可以加-s: mosquito→mosquitos(mosquitoes), volcano→volcanos(volcanoes), mangos(mangoes)。
(5)以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时, 一般需要把f或fe去掉后加-ves: self→selves, life→lives, thief→thieves, wife→wives, knife→knives, leaf→leaves, shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, half→halves。
*下列以-f结尾的单词可在其后直接加-s, 如belief→beliefs, roof→roofs, proof→proofs, chief→chiefs等; 下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves, 也可以直接加-s, 如handkerchief→handkerchiefs(handkerchieves), scarf→scarfs(scarves)。
2.可数名词中不规则的复数变化
情况 例词
变内部元音 man→men, woman→women,
foot→feet, mouse→mice,
goose→geese, tooth→teeth
词尾加-en或-ren ox→oxen, child→children
单复数同形 fish, sheep, deer, means, series,
Chinese, Japanese, Swiss
3.合成名词的复数变化
合成名词在变成复数时, 通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数, 如果没有主体名词, 则将最后一部分变为复数。如 son-in-law→sons-in-law, passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on, grown-up→grown-ups。
4.常考的不可数名词
(1)表示物质的不可数名词: baggage/luggage, cash, meat, paper等。
(2)表示抽象概念的不可数名词: work, knowledge, luck, scenery, traffic等。
(3)其他常考的重点不可数名词: advice, equipment, fun, furniture, progress, news等。
考点2　名词的格与名词做定语　
名词所有格用来表示名词之间的所有关系, 可分为of所有格(如a waste of time浪费时间), 's所有格(如the boy's book)以及双重所有格(如a friend of my brother's)等。如果不清楚句意和结构, 考生就容易将名词所有格与名词做定语的用法混淆。
名词做定语时可以用来修饰另一个名词, 表示材料、类别、用途等, 做定语的名词有以下三种情况:
(1)一般用单数形式。如a stone bridge, a meeting room, an exercise book。
(2)man, woman要与所修饰的名词的数保持一致。如a woman teacher, two women teachers。
(3)sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等用复数形式。如a sports club, a goods train, a customs officer, a sales manager。
重点二　形容词和副词
考点1　形容词和副词的基本用法　
1.形容词和副词的句法功能
词性 功能 例句
形容词 在句中做定语、表语、补语和状语(说明主语的状态、性质和特征等) Optimistic, she is the sort of lady to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
乐观的她是那种通过微笑把阳光传递给他人的女士。
副词 在句中做状语, 修饰动词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语和句子等 I couldn't find my way out, so I stayed there all along.
我找不到出去的路了, 因此我一直待在那里。
提示
有些副词如actually, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, fortunately, personally 等做评注性状语时, 往往修饰整个句子, 对整个句子进行说明或解释, 以表示说话人的态度与看法。这类词通常位于句首, 常用逗号与句子分开。
Surprisingly, no one in the class could work out the problem.
令人惊讶的是, 班里没人能解决这个问题。
2.常用的连接性副词(完形填空中常考)
though一般用于句末, 意为 “然而, 可是”, 表示转折 besides意为 “此外, 而且”, 表示递进
meanwhile意为 “在此期间, 与此同时”, 表示两个动作同时发生 however意为 “然而”, 表示让步和转折, 常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开
therefore/thus/consequently意为 “因此, 所以”, 表示结果 instead意为 “反而, 却”, 表示相反
moreover/furthermore/additionally意为 “此外”, 表示承接关系 anyway/anyhow意为 “尽管, 即使这样”, 表示让步
考点2　比较等级的用法　
高考对形容词和副词比较等级的考查主要体现在两个方面: 一是通过标志词than或表示比较意义的语境推出用比较级或最高级; 二是考查一些固定结构中比较级和最高级的用法。
1.比较等级用法的固定句型
(1)同级比较: as+形容词/副词的原级+as。其否定形式是 “not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”。
Although he was disabled, he tried to lead as normal a life as possible.
虽然他是残疾人, 但他尽可能去过正常的生活。
(2)比较级结构: 形容词/副词的比较级+than; more/less+多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+than。常见的修饰比较级的词(组)有any, rather, much, even, still, far, by far, a lot, a little, a bit, a great deal等。
The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.
这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。
(3)最高级结构: the+形容词的最高级(+名词)+比较范围(in/of/among短语); one of the+形容词的最高级+名词复数。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far, almost及序数词等。
Jack's parents wanted him to have the best possible education.
杰克的父母想让他尽可能接受最好的教育。
2.比较级的常用句型
(1)结构 “比较级+and+比较级” 或 “more and more+原级” 表示 “越来越……”。
The tickets are getting less and less expensive here.
这里的票越来越便宜了。
(2)结构 “the+比较级..., the+比较级...” 表示 “越……, 就越……”。
The more you listen and read, the better you write and speak.
你听和读得越多, 你写和说得就越好。
(3)结构 “the+比较级+of(the)+名词/代词” 表示 “(两者中)较……的”。
Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.
这两个照相机中, 我更喜欢较小的一个, 它很容易携带。
3.比较级形式表达最高级的含义
(1)结构 “否定词+比较级” 表示最高级含义。
Your story is perfect; I've never heard a better one before.
你的故事太完美了, 我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。
(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义:
①比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数;
②比较级+than+all the other+可数名词复数;
③比较级+than+any of the other+可数名词复数。
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.
长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。
4.倍数表达法
常见的倍数表达句型主要有:
(1)A is+倍数+比较级+than+B
(2)A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
(3)A is+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height等)+of+B
(4)A is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句
Smoking is harmful to people's health, killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.
吸烟有害健康,每年因吸烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的多7倍。
对点演练 精准提升
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.This evening's 　　　　　　　　(perform) will begin at 9:00 p.m.
2.The ring is one of her most treasured 　　　　　　　　(possession).
3.So with a group of 　　　　　　(equal) eager young graduates, I went on my journey.
4.(2023·山东潍坊高三一模)For those who once planned to work here
　　　　　　 (temporary), maybe it will be a few years before they move to bigger cities.
5.In fact, many people are willing to pay a little 　　　　　　(high) price for the things that are friendly to the environment.
performance　
possessions　
equally　
temporarily
higher
6.The airport added staff members to ensure the 　　　　　　(safe) of passengers and also released its travel tips recommending passengers to plan ahead to avoid heavy traffic around the holiday.
7.People travel to other countries, learn other languages and cultures and gain new 　　　　　　　　　　　(experience).
safety　
experiences
8.(2023·全国甲卷)　　　　　　(difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
9.(2023·全国乙卷)The 　　　　　　　　(remark)development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here.
10.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is 　　　　　(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy.
Different
remarkable
rarely
Ⅱ.微语法填空
1.As a child growing up in England, James was always
①　　　　　　　　　　(excite) by thunderstorms. Now, he runs straight towards them as a “storm chaser”. Specialising in hurricanes and ②________　　　　　　　(volcano), James travels the world to shoot pictures of Earth's most extreme weather events. The pictures are used by TV news channels around the world. It's a ③　　　　　　　(danger) job, though. He has almost been hit by flying window frames twice in the past 18 ④　　　　　　(month). However, he says the chase is always worth it for the places he has been to and the brilliant people he has met along the way.
①答案 excited　
解析 设空处在句中做表语, 修饰人, 表示 “激动的; 兴奋的”, 故填形容词excited。
②答案 volcanoes　
解析 根据设空处前面的hurricanes提示可知, 此处应用名词复数, 故填volcanoes。
③答案 dangerous　
解析 设空处在句中修饰名词job, 应用形容词做定语, 表示 “危险的”, 故填dangerous。
④答案 months　
解析 month是可数名词, 根据空前的18可知, 此处应用名词复数, 故填months。
2.For ①　　　　　　　(thousand) of years, people have been trying to predict the weather. In ancient China, people recorded weather forecasts on animal bones and tortoise shells. ②　　　　　　　(century) later, in Greece, the philosopher, Aristotle wrote his theories about how weather conditions formed. Weather forecasting advanced over time, with more and ③　　　　　　(much) instruments used to measure temperature, humidity and air pressure. Today, satellite data and computer technology help scientists predict the weather more ④　　　　　　　(precise).
①答案 thousands　
解析 此处是固定短语thousands of “成千上万的”, 故填thousands。
②答案 Centuries　
解析 century是可数名词, 其前无表示 “一” 的限定词, 应用复数形式, 且位于句首, 故填Centuries。
③答案 more　
解析 根据语境和设空处前的more and可知, 此处是more and more结构, 意为 “越来越多”, 故填much的比较级more。
④答案 precisely　
解析 设空处在句中做状语, 修饰predict, 应用副词, 故填precisely。(共44张PPT)
核心语法
必备
专题四　冠词、代词和介词
英 语
内容索引
要点精讲 破疑解难　
对点演练 精准提升
要点精讲 破疑解难　
重点一　冠词
考点1　不定冠词a/an的用法　
1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前, an用在以元音音素开头的单词前, 如:an honest man, a university
2.泛指 “一个”, 如: an English lecture, a professor
3.表示类别, 指一类人或物, 如: A horse can run fast.
4.表示 “(每)一个”, 相当于per, each, every
5.表示 “某一个人或物”, 相当于some或a certain, 如: a Mr Green
6.用于固定短语中, 如: as a rule, in a way, in a hurry, in a moment, keep an eye on
考点2　定冠词the的用法　
1.用于特指、双方都知道的或上文提到的人或物
2.用于单数可数名词前表示一类人或物
3.用于表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前
4.用于形容词或副词的最高级前
5.用于序数词前表示顺序
6.用于乐器名词前、姓氏的复数前(表示全家人或夫妇)、表示年代的名词前, 如: the Browns, in the 1970s
7.用于某些形容词或分词前表示一类人或物, 如: the rich, the young
8.用于某些江、河、海、洋、海湾、山脉、群岛等专有名词前, 如: the Yangtze River
9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前, 如: the History Museum, the University of Washington
10.用于固定短语中, 如: on the right, at the age of, on the whole, in the long run
考点3　不用冠词的情况　
1.不可数名词或复数名词表示泛指时不用冠词
2.物质名词或抽象名词前不用冠词, 如: water, luck
3.有些专有名词(人名、国家、城市、街道、山峰、湖泊等)前不用冠词, 如: China, Qingdao, Mount Tai
4.表示季节、月份、星期及节日、假日的名词前不用冠词, 但特指季节、日期和传统中国节日时多使用定冠词, 如: the Spring Festival, the spring of Beijing
5.表示三餐、球类或棋类运动等的名词前不用冠词
6.表示学科、语言的名词前不用冠词
7.表示职位、头衔、称呼的名词做表语、宾语补足语或同位语时不用冠词
8.在表示使用某种交通工具的by词组中, 交通工具名称之前通常不用冠词, 如: by taxi, by ship, by bike, by sea, by water, by air
9.在 “名词+and+名词” 和 “名词+介词+名词” 形式的习语中, 名词前通常不用冠词, 如: face to face, hand in hand
10.在某些固定短语中不用冠词, 如: at home and abroad, in debt
重点二　代词
考点1　人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的功能和形式　
类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 功能 主语 宾语、表语 定语 主语、表语、宾语 宾语、表语、同位语
第一 人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二 人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三 人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
考点2　反身代词的习惯用法
与介词搭配 by oneself 独自地
for oneself 替自己; 为自己
与动词搭配 apply oneself to 专心致志于
behave oneself 举止得体
dress oneself 打扮; 自己穿衣
devote oneself to 致力于; 献身于
help oneself to 随便吃/用
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
seat oneself 就座
teach oneself 自学
考点3　it的用法　
1.it的基本用法
用法 例句
指天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等 It is early spring, but it is already hot.
现在是初春, 但是天气已经很热了。
指代前面提到过的事物或代替指示代词 That vase is valuable. It is more than 200 years old.
那个花瓶很珍贵, 它有200多年的历史。
指不知性别的婴儿或身份不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知道对方是谁) The baby cried because it was hungry.
这个婴儿饿得啼哭。
用法 例句
it用来代替不定式、动词-ing形式短语或名词性从句做形式主语或形式宾语 I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.
我已经讲得很清楚了, 任何人都不准在此吸烟。
2.it做形式主语或形式宾语的常用句型
it做形式主语 It is a pity/shame that...真可惜……
It is no wonder that...难怪……
It seems/appears that...似乎/看来……
It looks/seems as if/though... 看起来好像……
It happens that...碰巧……
It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb that... 某人突然想起……
It is said/reported/considered...that... 据说/据报道/认为……
It is certain that... ……是一定的。
It is no use/good doing...做……没有用/好处。
It takes sb some time to do... 做……花费某人若干时间。
it做形式宾语 ①主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel...+it+adj./n.+for/of sb to do/that从句
②主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel...+it+useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy... +doing...
3.it的常用短语或句型
(1)When it comes to learning English, reading widely is of great importance.
当谈到学习英语, 广泛阅读很重要。
(2)You can count on/rely on/depend on it that he will help you out.
你可以相信他能帮助你摆脱困境。
(3)We finally made it to the airport though it was rainy.
尽管下雨, 但是我们最终及时赶到了机场。
(4)As someone puts it, practice makes perfect.
正如某人所说, 熟能生巧。
(5)Please see to it that you fasten the safety belt when driving.
开车时请确保系好安全带。
(6)I take it that you don't agree with the manager.
我想你不同意经理的意见。
(7)It is/has been three years since he joined the army.
他参军三年了。
(8)It was three years before he returned home.
过了三年他才回家。
考点4　不定代词　
1.other, others, the other/others, another
other 常与复数名词连用, 如果前面有the, some, any, each, every, no以及形容词性物主代词时, 也可以与可数名词单数连用
others 表示泛指, 相当于 “other+复数名词”, 可构成some... others... 的搭配, 意为 “一些……另一些……”
the other/ others “the other+单数可数名词” 特指两者中的另一个, 常有one... the other... 的搭配, 意为 “一个……另一个……” ; the others或 “the other+复数名词”, 特指在某些人或物中, 除去一部分后, 其余的人或物
another 指三者或三者以上中的另一个, 表示泛指, 后接单数名词, 也可以用于 “another+数词+名词复数”, 表示 “另外几个……”
2.one(s), that, those
为避免重复, one(s), that, those等都可以用来代替上文出现的名词。
one(s) one代替的是前面提到的同类事物中的任何一个, 相当于 “a/an+单数名词”; ones用来代替前面出现的复数名词, 也表示泛指 one=a/an+可数名词单数;
ones=可数名词复数;
the one=the+可数名词单数;
that=the+可数名词单数/不可数名词;
those/the ones=the+可数名词复数
that 代替前面提到的事物, 所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数, 也可以是不可数名词, 其前面通常不能有修饰语 those 代替前面提到的事物, 只能指代可数名词复数, 相当于the ones 3.both, all, either, any, neither, none
范围 都 任一 都不
两者 both either neither
三者或三者以上 all any none
4.something, anything, nothing
单词 句式 含义
something 肯定句 某事; 某物
疑问句 请求; 征求意见
anything 条件句、否定句、疑问句 任何东西; 任何事物
肯定句 任何东西; 任何事物
nothing 陈述句 没有什么
提示
固定搭配: anything but(根本不), nothing but(只不过; 仅仅), all but(几乎; 差一点), none but(仅仅; 只有)。everything意为 “每件事物; 所有事物”, 强调整体, 与not连用时表示部分否定, 意为 “并不是所有事物都……”。
重点三　介词
考点1　常见
介词的用法　
考点2　介词短语　
1.at+名词
at a loss 不知所措　　　　
at dinner 在吃晚餐
at peace 处于和平状态
at war 在战争中
at work 在工作
2.其他高频介词短语
against time 争分夺秒
at the sight of 一看到……
in the face of 面对; 面临
in addition(to) 除了……以外(还)
in case of 万一
in charge of 负责; 主管
in favour of 赞成; 支持
in need of 需要
in no time 立刻
in a hurry 匆忙
in preparation for 为……做准备
in return for 作为对……的回报
of help/use 有帮助的/有用的
of importance 重要的
on behalf of 代表
3.by+名词
by accident 偶然; 意外地
by chance 偶然地
by hand 手工
by mistake 错误地
by month 按月
4.beyond+名词
beyond comparison 无与伦比
beyond control 失控
beyond description 难以描述
beyond doubt 毋庸置疑
beyond expression 难以表达
beyond (one's) reach 够不到
5.in+名词
in bed 在床上; 卧床
in danger 处于危险中
in debt 负债
in high spirits 情绪高昂
in need 需要帮助的
in order 整齐; 井然有序
in surprise 吃惊地
in trouble 在困难中
in use 使用中
6.on+名词
on a trip 在旅行
on business 出差
on display/show 陈列; 展出
on duty 值班
on holiday/vacation 在度假
on sale 出售
on strike 罢工
on the way 在途中
7.out of+名词
out of balance 失去平衡
out of control 失去控制
out of danger 脱离危险
out of date 过期
out of order 出故障
out of work 失业
8.under+名词
under consideration 在考虑中
under construction 在建造中
under control 处于控制之下
under discussion 在讨论中
under pressure 在压力下
under repair 在修理中
under treatment 在治疗中
对点演练 精准提升
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.As countries around the world try to improve their recycling rates, some may look to Eskilstuna as 　　　　　　example to follow—as long as they think they can persuade their citizens to get busy sorting at home.
2.The waiters and waitresses are also trained to supply a separate spoon or pair of chopsticks for the diners, and so far, 　　　　　　service has been well accepted by the majority of the public.
3.And he did it in six hours and 48 minutes, a personal record nearly double
　　　　　　of his previous finish time.
an　
the　
that　
4.However, he had no regrets or complaints about giving up romantic evenings with his wife or dinners with relatives and friends so that he could devote
　　　　　　(he) to community work.
5.We Chinese people believe that only with 　　　　　　(we) own hands can we create a happy and wonderful life.
6.They keep their babies at home until they are physically able to survive
　　　　　　their own.
himself　
our　
on　
7.Easy access 　　　　　　a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted.
8.Because she was lacking in training, she was afraid of making 　 exhibition of herself.
9.(2023·广东佛山高三教学质检一) Wu admitted that this is his dream coffee shop, which not only serves high-quality coffee but is also an expression
　　　　　　　　his personality.
10.He was born 　　　　　　Hangzhou and brought up by his grandma in a seaside village.
to　
an
of
in
Ⅱ.微语法填空
1.Written Chinese has also become an important means ①______________　　　　　　 which China's present is connected with ②　　　　　　(it)past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. ③　　　　　　 high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as ④_______________　　　　　　　　 art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.
①by
解析 which 引导定语从句修饰先行词means, by...means为固定搭配, 意为“通过……方式”。
②its
解析 空格后面为名词past, 故用形容词性物主代词its做定语。
③The
解析 根据后面的定语for the Chinese writing system判断, 该处需用定冠词the 表示特指。
④an
解析 该处an art form 指“一种艺术形式”, art以辅音音素开头, 故用不定冠词an。
2.Ma was born into a doctor's family in 1933 and became ①____________　　　　　　military doctor in 1947.She applied to become a paratrooper in 1961, but she failed because there were no female paratroopers at that time. But she learnt to parachute by ②　　　　　　　(she) in secret. Finally, she became China's first female paratrooper. She set a national record as the oldest enlisted woman to do a parachute jump ③　　　　　　　　 the age of 51.She completed over 140 parachuting jumps over a period of 20 years. In 2018, Ma donated
④　　　　　　(she) entire life savings to support local education and public welfare.
①答案 a　
解析 她在1947年成为一名军医, 此处表示泛指, 故用不定冠词a。
②答案 herself　
解析 此处为learn...by oneself 结构, 意为 “自学”, 故填herself。
③答案 at　
解析 句意: 她在51岁时创下了年龄最大的现役女兵跳伞纪录。表示在具体多少岁的时候, 应用介词at。
④答案 her　
解析 空格处在句中做定语, 修饰名词短语entire life savings, 应用形容词性物主代词, 故填her。(共33张PPT)
核心语法
必备
专题五　并列连词、3大从句和特殊句式
英 语
内容索引
要点精讲 破疑解难　
对点演练 精准提升
要点精讲 破疑解难　
重点一　并列连词
重点二　3大从句
考点1　定语从句
提示
(1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词, 如point, situation, case, stage等时, 如果引导词在从句中做状语, 常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
(2)先行词occasion意为 “时机”时, 用关系副词when引导定语从句; 意为 “场合” 时, 用关系副词where引导定语从句。
(3)当先行词way意为 “方法; 方式”, 且在从句中做状语时, 可用that, in which或省略关系词这三种形式。
(4)若介词放在关系代词之前, 关系代词指人时常用whom, 指物时常用which。另外, whose也可以放在介词后, 构成 “介词+whose+名词” 结构。
He is the person on whom you can depend.
他是你可以信赖的人。
He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen the bag.
他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。
(5) “名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词” 结构。
He told us a story in English, the meaning of which I couldn't understand completely.
他用英语给我们讲了一个故事, 我不能完全理解它的意思。
There are about 30 students in our class, most of whom are from Shandong.
我们班大约有30名学生, 其中大多数来自山东。
考点2　状语从句　
考点3　名词性从句
重点三　特殊句式(祈使句、感叹句、省略句、强调句、倒装句)
考点1　祈使句、感叹句和省略句　
1.祈使句
祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)。
祈使句的4种形式:
①动词原形(+宾语+其他成分);
②Be+表语, 如Be honest.;
③Let's/Let us do/not do sth.;
④祈使句+and/or+简单句(简单句谓语用一般将来时)。
2.感叹句
(1)what引导的感叹句
What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!
What lovely children they are!
他们是多么可爱的孩子啊!
(2)how引导的感叹句
How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!
How+主语+谓语!
How interesting a story it is!
=What an interesting story it is!
这是多么有趣的一个故事啊!
3.省略句
常考的几种省略情况如下:
(1)状语从句的省略: 在when, while, if, as if, though, as, whether等连词引导的状语从句中, 如果谓语中有be, 且从句的主语又和主句的主语相同或是it, 则从句的主语和be常常省略。
(2)不定式中的省略: 在一定的上下文中为了避免重复, 可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语), 只保留不定式符号to, 否定形式的省略用not to, 但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be或have(做助动词用), 通常保留be或have。
(3)if引导的虚拟条件句的省略: 当if从句中有had, should, were时, 可以省略if, 同时把had, should, were置于句首。
考点2　强调句　
强调句是高中语法的难点, 在理解强调句时, 学生要注意以下6点:
1.被强调部分指人时, 连接词用that/who都可以; 指物时, 用that。
2.强调句的一般疑问句结构: Is/Was+it+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分 。
3.强调句的特殊疑问句结构: 特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分 。
When was it that he made up his mind to take this course
他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的
4.含not... until...的强调句型: It is/was not until+...+that+其他部分。
5.把强调句中的 “It is/was... that/who” 去掉之后, 句子依然成立。
6.如果需要强调谓语, 应用助动词do, does或did。
The family did manage to send him to a technical school.
家里的确设法送他去上了技术学校。
考点3　倒装句　
1.部分倒装
(1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有: never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely... when..., no sooner... than..., not only... but also..., not until, nowhere, neither... nor...等。
Not until I lost my job did I realise I should improve my working skills.
直到我失业了, 我才意识到我应该提高我的工作技能。
(2)“only+状语” 置于句首时,句子主要部分要进行部分倒装。
Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.
只有当你能找到内心的平静, 你才能和别人保持良好的关系。
(3)so/such... that...结构中的so, such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时, 主句要用部分倒装。
Such great progress did he make that he was praised.
他取得了如此大的进步, 以至于受到了表扬。
(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时, 用倒装结构 “so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语” (so表示肯定意义, neither/nor表示否定意义)。
I saw the film last week, so did she.
我上周看了那部电影, 她也看了。
2.完全倒装
当here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首, 且句子主语为名词时, 句子用完全倒装结构。
The Public Square is an eye-catching spot of the city. There stand many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.
大众广场是这个城市引人注目的地方, 许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。
对点演练 精准提升
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.He said that the industry shouldn't be pushed forward by capital
　　　　　　by creativity.
2.(2022·全国甲卷) On the 1,100-kilometre journey, the man Cao Shengkang,
　　　　　lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
3.WHO will offer member states a series of suggestions 　　　　　　are aimed at controlling the spread of the disease and providing support to the affected areas.
4.But 　　　　　really makes the system stand out is the bright colour code.
but　
who
that/which
what　
5.It is obvious to the students 　　　　　　they should get well prepared for their future.
6.(2023·广东深圳高三第一次调研) It is fascinating to see a rapidly-developing city that invests so much effort in preserving its past, which is
　　　　　　I decided to pursue my career here.
7.　　　　　　　　　 something unexpected happens, I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
8.On the night, they were awoken by sweet music, 　　　　　　was played by a band of children in shining garments.
that　
why
Unless　
which　
9.(2023·江苏泰州高三一模) It argues that psychologists should investigate not only mental illness but also 　　　　　　makes life worth living.
10.(2023·全国甲卷) Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,
　　　　　Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
11.(2023·全国乙卷) It is a distinct visual contrast(反差)that shouldn't work,
　　　　　somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
12.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) This is 　　　　　　they need an English trainer.
what
as
but/yet　
why
Ⅱ.微语法填空
1.Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles telling us ①　　　　　　 the Internet has made our lives more convenient. We no longer have to wait in line or carry cash around
②　　　　　　 we go shopping. We can get the most updated information from large databases. We can download software, documents, and images
③　　　　　　 we need them. But the Internet has done much more for people, ④　　　　　　 simply make life more convenient.
①how
解析 根据上下文可知, 该处表示“文章告诉我们因特网是如何改变了我们的生活”, 故用连接副词how。
②when
解析 根据上下文语境可知, 该处为时间状语从句“当我们购物的时候”。
③whenever
解析 该处用whenever 引导时间状语从句, 意为“无论何时”, 强调网络的便利性。
④which
解析 该处为which引导非限制性定语从句, 关系代词which代替整个上句内容。
2.Nowadays, the reason ①　　　　　　 young people are suffering from greater loneliness and pressure is partly ②　　　　　　 the cost of living has been rising. They are so busy working all day in a competitive environment
③　　　　　　 they have little time for fun and friends. That may explain ④　　　　　　 more and more young people are choosing to keep pets for companionship. Apart from relieving loneliness, there is evidence
⑤　　　　　　 keeping a pet reduces stress and may even improve overall health.
①why
解析 分析句子成分可知, 空格处引导定语从句, 先行词是reason, 故用关系副词why引导定语从句。
②that
解析 空格处引导表语从句, 从句在句意和结构上均完整, 故用that引导表语从句。The reason why ... is that ... “……的原因是……”。
③that
解析 句意: 他们整天忙于在一个竞争的环境中工作, 没有时间娱乐和与朋友相处。根据句意和该句中的so可知, 此处是so ...that ...结构, 意为 “如此……以至于……”, 故填that。
④why
解析 分析句子成分可知, 空格处引导宾语从句, 且从句中缺少状语, 结合上文提到的年轻人忙于工作, 没时间娱乐和交友可知, 此处解释年轻人养宠物的原因, 故用why引导宾语从句。
⑤that
解析 分析句子成分可知, 空格处引导同位语从句, 先行词是evidence, 从句在结构和意义上均完整, 应用that引导同位语从句。(共43张PPT)
核心语法
必备
专题一　谓语动词(动词的时态、语态、
主谓一致、情态动词和虚拟语气)
英 语
内容索引
要点精讲 破疑解难　
对点演练 精准提升
要点精讲 破疑解难　
重点一　热考的5种时态
考点1　一般现在时(am/is/are或do/does)　
用法 例句
表示现在经常性、习惯性、反复性的动作或状态 Susan talks every night in her dream. It somewhat bothers us.
苏姗每天晚上都说梦话。这有点困扰我们。
表示科学事实、客观真理或自然现象(在过去的语境中也用一般现在时) The teacher told us Earth moves around the sun.
老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
用法 例句
按时间表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作, 只限于go, arrive, leave, start, return, begin, finish, come, take off 等动词(短语) The flight takes off at 8:30 every Wednesday and Friday.
这个航班每周三和周五八点半起飞。
用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中或the more..., the more... 句型的第一个分句中, 用一般现在时表将来 When I grow up, I will be a nurse and look after patients.
我长大后要当一名护士, 照顾病人。
考点2　一般过去时(was/were或did)　
用法 例句
表示过去某一时间发生的动作、所处的状态或过去一段时间内习惯性的动作或状态 I had one trip last year when I was caught by a hurricane in America.
去年有一次出行, 我在美国遇上了飓风。
如果从句中有过去的时间状语, 虽从句动作先于主句的动作发生, 从句仍用一般过去时 He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
他告诉我他昨晚读了一本有趣的小说。
考点3　现在完成时(have/has+动词-ed形式)　
用法 例句
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常与already, yet, ever, never, in the past +时间段等连用 In the last few years, thousands of films have been produced throughout the world.
在过去的几年里, 全世界拍摄了数千部电影。
表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态, 可能还会继续下去。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用, 如: for+时间段; since+过去时间点/从句 His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.
他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来就受到了好评。
提示
用现在完成时的常用句型:
①This/That/It is the first/second/...time+that从句, 从句用现在完成时。
②It has+been+时间段+since从句, 主句用现在完成时, 从句用一般过去时。
考点4　过去完成时(had+动词-ed形式)　
用法 例句
表示在过去某一时间或过去某一动作之前已经发生并完成的动作, 即“过去的过去” The film had begun when we got to the cinema yesterday.
昨天我们到达电影院时, 电影已经开始了。
表示一个从过去某一时间之前已经开始, 一直持续到过去这一时刻的动作或状态 By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college.
杰克从英国回到家中时, 他的儿子已经大学毕业。
用法 例句
intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词用于过去完成时时, 可表过去未曾实现的愿望或意图 I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
我本来打算昨天去拜访你, 但我这里来了一个不速之客。
提示
用过去完成时的常用句型:
①This/That/It was the first/second/... time+that 从句, 从句用过去完成时。
② “Hardly/Scarcely had+主语+动词-ed形式... when...” 及 “No sooner had+主语+动词-ed形式... than...”, 主句用过去完成时, 从句用一般过去时。
考点5　现在完成进行时(have/has+been+动词-ing形式)　
用法 例句
表示从过去某一时刻开始, 一直持续到现在且仍在进行的动作。常与recently, since等连用 Tom has been working every night over the last three months.
在过去的三个月, 汤姆每天晚上都在工作。
现在完成进行时有时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行, 而是在不断地重复发生 I have been ringing you several times in two days.
这两天内我给你打过几次电话。
重点二　动词的语态
1.被动语态的构成
时态 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 is/am/are+动词-ed形式 was/were+动词-ed形式 will/shall+be+动词-ed形式 would+be+动词-ed形式
进行 is/am/are+being+动词-ed形式 was/were+being+动词-ed形式
完成 have/has+been+动词-ed形式 had+been+动词-ed形式 will/shall have+been+动词-ed形式 would have+been+动词-ed形式
2.主动形式表示被动意义
用法 例句
系动词smell, taste, feel, look, sound, prove等后接形容词做表语 Her voice sounds beautiful.
她的嗓音听起来很美妙。
表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词, 如read, write, sell, wash, clean, cook, draw等, 常与well, easily, smoothly等副词连用 The shirt doesn't wash well.
这件衬衫不好洗。
open, close, lock, move, keep等动词常与won't, can't, wouldn't 连用 The drawer won't lock.
这个抽屉锁不上。
重点三　主谓一致3原则
原则 主语 谓语
语法 一致 原则 单数 单数
复数 复数
就近 一致 原则 由or, either... or..., neither... nor..., not only... but (also)..., not... but...等连接 与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致
原则 主语 谓语
意义 一致 原则 由and连接的两个并列成分表示的是同一概念 单数
no/each/every/many a+单数名词+and (+no/each/every/many a)+单数名词 one/every one/each/either/the number/the variety of+复数名词 clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment等无生命的不可数名词 以-s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称的词 时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等复数名词表示一个整体概念 由every-, any-, some-, no-和-one, -thing, -body等构成的不定代词 单个的动词-ing形式、动词不定式或主语从句 原则 主语 谓语
意义 一致 原则 由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念 复数
有生命的集体名词, 如people, police, cattle等 一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词, 如goods, stairs, arms等 山脉、群岛、瀑布等以-s结尾的专有名词 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, company, population, enemy, party, crew, audience, committee, government, majority, group等强调整体时谓语动词用单数, 指个体成员时谓语动词用复数 单复数视情况而定
单复数同形的名词, 如means, deer, fish, sheep等 all, none, some, any等不定代词 “half/most/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数/百分数+of+名词” 做主语, 谓语要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致 提示
①主语后接介词短语或其他插入语, 如with, together with, as well as, along with, besides, like, but, except, including, rather than等, 谓语动词的人称和数与主语的人称和数保持一致。
The artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.
那位艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。
②many a, more than one后加可数名词的单数形式, 谓语动词用单数。
More than one student gets involved in the activity.
不止一个学生参加了这个活动。
③a quantity of后既可接不可数名词, 也可接可数名词复数, 谓语动词的单复数根据名词的单复数来决定。quantities of后无论是接复数名词还是不可数名词, 谓语动词均用复数形式。
A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.
=Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.
大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。
④ “a number of+复数名词” 做主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式, 意为 “许多”;“the number of+复数名词” 做主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 意为 “……的数量”。
A number of people have applied for the job.
许多人申请了这份工作。
The number of new students in the school has decreased greatly.
这所学校的新生人数大大减少。
重点四　情态动词和虚拟语气
考点1　情态动词　
1.must/have to
(1)must表示主观上 “必须, 一定要”; have to强调来自 “外界” 的义务, 即表示 “不得不”。
(2)mustn't用来表示禁止, don't have to表示没有义务、没有必要做。
2.used to/be used to
(1)used to表示 “过去常常”, 没有人称和数的变化, 可以与过去的时间状语连用, 其否定形式为usedn't to 或 didn't use to, 其一般疑问句形式将used 提到主语前或用Did...use to...形式。
(2)be used to多用来表示 “习惯于”, to是介词, 其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
3.情态动词+be+doing
表示对现在和将来正在进行的行为进行推测, 意为“或许正在, 应当正在, 想必正在, 准是正在”。
4.情态动词+have+动词-ed形式
情态动词+have+动词-ed形式 含义和用法
must have+动词-ed形式 过去一定做过……(肯定句)
can/could (not) have+动词-ed形式 过去可能做过……(肯定句)
过去不可能做过……(否定句)
could have+动词-ed形式 本来能够做但却未做(肯定句)
may/might (not) have+动词-ed形式 过去可能做过……(肯定句)
过去可能没有做过……(否定句)
should/ought (not) to have+动词-ed形式 本来应该做但是实际上未做……(肯定句)
本来不应该做而实际上做了……(否定句)
needn't have+动词-ed形式 没必要做而做了……
We could have faced the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me
我们本来可以一起面对困难, 但是你为什么不告诉我
Mark needn't have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
马克本不必着急。他开快车后, 早到了半小时。
5.情态动词的特殊句式
(1)cannot help but do表示 “不得不” 之意。
(2)can't help doing sth表示 “禁不住做某事”。
(3)can't help (to) do表示 “不能帮忙做某事”。
(4)cannot/never...too...表示 “无论怎样……都不过分, 越……越好”。
(5)may/might as well表示有礼貌的劝告, 意为 “还是……的好, 不妨……”。
(6)if you must...表示不想让某人做某事但也没办法, 意为 “非要, 一定要……”。
考点2　虚拟语气　
1.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用
条件 从句谓语 主句谓语 例句
与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词用were) would/should/could/might+动词原形 If I were you, I would seize the chance.
如果我是你, 我就会抓住这个机会。
与过去事实相反 had+动词-ed形式 would/should/could/might+have+动词-ed形式 If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed.
如果你听了我的建议, 你就不会失败。
条件 从句谓语 主句谓语 例句
与将来事实相反 ①过去式 ②should+动词原形 ③were to+动词原形 would/should/could/might+动词原形 If he shouldn't come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.
如果他明天不来, 我们就推迟这个会议。
2.虚拟条件句的特殊用法
(1)如果条件句谓语含有were, had, should, 可以将if省略, 再把were, had, should移到主语之前; 如果从句中没有were, had或should, 则不能省略if。
(2)but for(要不是), without(要是没有)表示条件, 谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
3.虚拟语气在从句中的应用
(1)虚拟语气用在wish, if only, as if/though后的从句中。
条件 从句谓语 例句
从句谓语动作与主句谓语动作同时发生 过去式(be动词用were) How I wish I were a flying bird!
我多希望我是一只会飞的鸟儿啊!
He looks as if he were an artist.
他看上去好像是名艺术家。
条件 从句谓语 例句
从句谓语动作先于主句谓语动作发生 had+动词-ed形式 If only I had seen the film! =How I wish I had seen the film!
我要是看过那部电影该多好啊!
She speaks English so fluently as if she had stayed in America for a long time.
她说英语如此流利, 好像她在美国待过很长时间似的。
从句谓语动作后于主句谓语动作发生 would+动词原形 He learns English so hard as if he would go to America.
他如此努力学习英语, 就好像他要去美国似的。
(2)虚拟语气用在主句含 “坚持、命令、建议、要求” 的名词性从句中。
类别 从句谓语 例句
一坚持: insist should+动词原形(should可以省略) He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.
他建议我们第二天早点出发。
His suggestion was that we (should) start off early the next day.
他的建议是我们第二天早点出发。
It was suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.
人们建议我们第二天早点出发。
二命令: order, command 四建议: advise, suggest, propose, recommend 四要求: require, request, demand, ask 提示
suggest做 “暗示, 表明” 讲, insist做 “坚持说” 讲, 后面宾语从句的谓语动词不使用虚拟语气形式, 而使用陈述语气。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
他脸上的微笑暗示着他对我们的工作很满意。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
那个人坚持说他从来没有偷过钱。
(3)虚拟语气用在 “would rather+that从句” 中。
条件 从句谓语 例句
对现在或将来的虚拟 过去式(be动词用were) I'd rather they didn't hear of the news.
我宁愿他们没有听到这个消息。
对过去的虚拟 had+动词-ed形式 I'd rather I had not told him the bad news.
我宁愿没有告诉过他那个坏消息。
(4)虚拟语气用在 “It is (high) time+that从句” 中。
that从句谓语 例句
过去式或should do(should不能省略) It is (high) time that you went to school.
你们该去上学了。
对点演练 精准提升
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years,
I 　　　　　(amaze) by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.
2.You'll miss the deadline.Time 　　　　　　　　　　(run) out.
3.Before we 　　　　　　(finish) our meal he ordered us back to work.
4.Every morning I 　　　　　　(take) a walk when I lived in the countryside.
5.Both my legs are nearly to give out.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　(walk) for hours.
was amazed
is running
had finished
took　
have been walking
6.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 　　　　　　(be) previously unprotected.
7.I wonder if my complaint about the quality of your products
　　　　　　　　　　　(handle) tomorrow.
8.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I 　　　　　　(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
9.If he 　　　　　　　(receive) six more votes,he would be our chairman now.
10.(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 　　　　　　(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
were
will be handled
wished
had received
be employed
Ⅱ.微语法填空
1.Shadow plays, the earliest of which started over 2,000 years ago,
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　(enjoy) a long history in China and consist of many styles. One famous branch displayed in museum is called “Tai'an Shadow Play”. It is believed that it ②　　　　　　　　　　　　(originate) in the Song Dynasty when an emperor came to Mount Tai to offer sacrifice. In the past, the authentic shadow figures ③　　　　　　　　　　(make) of donkey skin. But to save the lives of many donkeys, they have found some man-made materials, which ④　　　　　　　　　(use) nowadays for the figures in the hands-on area.
①答案 have enjoyed　
解析 句意: 皮影戏最早出现在2,000多年前, 在中国历史悠久、风格各异。根据语境可知, 此处表示从过去到现在已经发生的动作, 应用现在完成时, 故填have enjoyed。
②答案 originated　
解析 句中时间状语是in the Song Dynasty, 该句应用一般过去时, 故填originated。
③答案 were made　
解析 根据时间状语In the past可知, 句子叙述的是过去的情况, 应用一般过去时; 该句主语the authentic shadow figures和make之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系, 应用被动语态, 因此用一般过去时的被动语态be done; 主语the authentic shadow figures是复数, 谓语动词也应该用复数形式, 故填were made。
④答案are used　
解析 which引导的非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词materials, 故从句谓语用复数形式, which与use存在逻辑上的动宾关系, 应用被动语态, 而且从句时间状语是nowadays, 从句应用一般现在时的被动语态, 故填are used。
2.At 8, I started taking art lessons to improve my painting skills. However, I ①　　　　　　　　　　(focus) too much on mastering different techniques before I later realised that. Eventually, I ②　　　　　　　　(become) more upset when my expectations weren't matched.So, in the 11th Grade, I returned to the basics. On a sketchbook I forced myself to draw whatever interested me. Over time, I ③　　　　　　　　　(release) from the tight control. I have learnt that a good painting is not about having perfect techniques. In fact, what I need to do ④　　　　　　(be) to trust my creative talents and find moments of joy in life.
①答案 had focused　
解析 主句谓语所表示的动作先于before引导的从句谓语realised发生, 表过去的过去, 应用过去完成时, 故填had focused。
②答案 became　
解析 when引导的时间状语从句是一般过去时, 主句应用一般过去时, 故填became。
③答案 have been released　
解析 句中时间状语是Over time, 故该句用现在完成时; 主语I 与release存在逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用现在完成时的被动语态, 填have been released。
④答案 is　
解析 设空处在句中做谓语, 且what引导的主语从句是一般现在时, 故主句用一般现在时; what在从句中做宾语, 谓语与表语的数一致, 该句表语是不定式, 谓语应用单数形式, 故填is。(共143张PPT)
第一部分
专题二　七选五
英 语
内容索引
No . 1　考情透析 明晰七选五考什么　
No.2　读文总策略 缩小七选五选项范围必备3大策略
No.3　题型微技法 提升七选五解题7大技法
No.4　真题实战 经典对练拿高分
No.1　考情透析 明晰七选
五考什么
高考命题透析
卷名 话题 设空位置 段首 段中 段尾
2023 新高考Ⅰ卷 人与自我 面对错误如何自我谅解 0 4 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 人与自我 如何开始艺术之旅 1 3 1
全国乙卷 人与自然 室内种植植物的好处 0 3 2
全国甲卷 人与自我 成为一个有耐心的人 1 3 1
卷名 话题 设空位置 段首 段中 段尾
2022 新高考Ⅰ卷 人与社会 如何选择锻炼伙伴 0 4 1
全国乙卷 人与社会 如何与相距较远的朋友保持长久的友谊 3 1 1
全国甲卷 人与社会 在不同文化中,外出就餐注意的事项 1 3 1
卷名 话题 设空位置 段首 段中 段尾
2021 新高考Ⅰ卷 人与社会 感悟巴黎人的与众不同 1 4 0
浙江卷 人与社会 创建网站的过程及其现状 0 4 1
全国乙卷 人与自我 如何做一个有趣的聚餐人 2 2 1
全国甲卷 人与社会 通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法 1 4 0
命题专家谈高考
1.体裁特征
以说明文为主, 着重考查逻辑推理
2.文章结构
文章结构清晰, 内容完整, 考查段落标题、主旨句和过渡句等。篇章结构以 “提出问题→解决问题” 为主。
3.选项特点
七个选项中有两个干扰项, 句型不同, 长短不一, 排列由短到长。
4.设空特点
以考查上下文逻辑关系为主, 考查段落主旨句为辅。间或考查段尾的结论概括性语句。
5.词数
正文词数200左右, 选项词数100左右。
解题策略指导
No.2　读文总策略 缩小七选
五选项范围必备3大策略
策略一　利用外在线索, 缩小选项范围
七选五共有七个选项, 每个题目有七种选择, 对很多考生来说, 难度很大。但是, 明确挖空特点和篇章结构, 利用语篇标记信息, 例如, 小标题、主旨句、首段尾句和标点符号等, 就能缩小选择范围, 降低题目难度。
策略二　依据内在关系, 确保解题正确
解答七选五的内在关系主要指语篇内部的逻辑关系和词汇线索, 包括词汇复现、代词的指代关系等。
策略三　多维思考, 提升读文速度
【典例印证】(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
No.3　题型微技法 提升七选五解题7大技法
类型一　利用外在线索
技法1　关注小标题　
在 “总—分” 结构的文章中, 有些段落由小标题引领。如设空处恰好处于小标题的位置, 则该处应为一个小标题。而小标题的供选项一般为祈使句, 相对于其他选项, 句子较短, 特征比较突出。一个小标题常有两个供选项, 其中一个为迷惑选项, 通常也是最终多余的两个选项之一, 不会是任何题的答案。小标题线索题目较为明显, 题目较为简单, 学生容易发现小标题的特征, 可优先做该题。
【典例印证】
(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)
...
· 　39　
Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else you think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic(过敏) to any medicines, be sure to mention that to your doctor.
·Ask questions.
...
A.This will make getting answers easier.
B.Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.
C.You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work.
D.Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling.
E.Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.
F.Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.
G.Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information.
思维流程
第一步: 根据第39题所在的位置可知, 这是一个小标题。
第二步: 分析语篇可知, 小标题是祈使句。选项中只有E项和F项是祈使句, 因此只能从这两项中选择。 根据下段内容可知, 讲述的内容与medical history有关, 这是解题的关键。
第三步: 比对选项, 确定答案为F项。
【对点微练习】
A
(2022·全国乙卷)
...
·　39　
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don't rely on technology alone
...
A.Remember important dates
B.Compensate by writing letters
C.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
答案 A
解析 根据空白处位置可知, 该题考查小标题。小标题是该段大意的概括。根据该段的内容可知, 周年纪念日、生日等是非常重要的日期, 为避免遗忘, 要用日记本把一些重要的日期记录下来, 故小标题应为“记住重要的日期”。故选A项。
B
(2021·河北衡水名校联盟押题)
...
Summarise the complaint.
If your complainer keeps repeating himself, ask something like, “Can I tell you that I've heard and gotten it ” Using “I” statements (“I've heard...”) rather than “you” statements (“You keep repeating yourself”) shows that you're interested rather than trying to shut the person up.
　38　.
When a frequent complainer tells you about her latest problem, ask nicely what she's done to improve it. This isn't the usual direction a grievance-laden conversation takes, and it may help to abruptly end a rant.
Be honest.
...
A.Focus on the effect
B.Challenge the person to act
C.When you have things to do
D.Avoid saying the word complaining
E.It's important to talk about the problem
F.Sometimes a complaint changes an unfavourable situation into a more desirable one
G.If your co-worker is saying bad words about your boss, ask whether he met the new employee
答案 B　
解析 设空处是小标题形式, 分析语篇可知, 前后的标题都是祈使句, 可以把答案锁定在A、B和D三个选项中, 根据下文的ask nicely what she's done to improve it可以确定是act, 而非the effect或者the word complaining。故选B项。
技法2　留意主旨句　
在 “总—分” 结构的文章中, 观察每一部分的段落结构, 如果每个段落都有主旨句引领, 这些主旨句往往句式相同, 并且前面常有实心圆点标注。如果设空处恰恰在这个位置, 那么它就是一个段落主旨句, 然后就要根据本段内容做出选择。
【典例印证】
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
...
●　37　 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures.
A.Feeling upset again
B.Where do you start
C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D.Remember,you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
G.When does the comparison game start
思维流程
第一步: 根据每段前的实心圆点来看, 这是一个段落主旨句。再观察下一段首句 “Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.” 是祈使句, 就应把范围缩小在D、E和F三个选项之间。
第二步: 根据后面的 “Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.”, 以及后面的两个问句“Why do you follow them Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs ” 可知,本段主要讲不要把自己和他人对比。F项的意思是 “停止你自己与他人做比较。”
第三步: 比对选项, 确定答案为F项。
【对点微练习】
A
(2021·福建福州6月适应性练习)
...
●　19　 If you are the kind of person who is open to advice, complain to a friend about your stress. Friends can work as a support group, and they may provide you with solutions. Sometimes, you can't see the easy way out of situation when you are standing right in the middle of it.
●Make a list. Having too much to do may cause you to rush around. If you are moving faster, it feels as if you are getting more done...
A.Talk it through.
B.Be a good listener.
C.These aren't solutions.
D.It pays to try new things.
E.But this is a false impression.
F.It can also impact how your body functions.
G.Focus on the first kind and ignore the others.
答案 A　
解析 根据每段前的实心圆点来看, 这是一个段落主旨句。再观察下一段首句 “Make a list.” 是祈使句, 就应把范围缩小在A、B和G三个选项之间。根据下文的 “If you are the kind of person who... when you are standing right in the middle of it.” 可知, 通过向朋友倾诉自己的压力来缓解压力, 即通过交谈来缓解压力, 由此可知, A项 “好好谈一谈。” 符合语境。故选A项。
B
(2023·广东汕头高三一模)
...
Growth of the restaurant industry
　40　 The wide reach of delivery services put restaurants more visible and thus will help in attracting new customers. Restaurants will be able to increase their sales and improve the overall income of the restaurant. By partnering with third-party delivery platforms, the restaurants can save their marketing costs as well.
A.Promotion does not always work.
B.Now everything is available within our reach.
C.The restaurant and grocery industry are no different.
D.Online food delivery brought them great convenience.
E.But with online shopping, we do not buy a product on our impulse.
F.Neither do they have time to go out and order their food from outside.
G.The restaurant industry has also been profiting from the booming food delivery services.
答案 G
解析 分析该段落结构可知, 设空处应该是位于段首的主题句。根据该段中的“help in attracting new customers”“increase their sales”“improve the overall income ”“save their marketing costs”来看, 该段主要介绍“delivery services”给餐饮业带来的好处(profiting from the booming food delivery services)。故选G项。
技法3　观察挖空位置　
【典例印证】
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
...
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
　39　 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
...
A.Not all the customers are tourists.
B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E.That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.
思维流程
第一步: 设空处位于段首, 此题属于段落间的过渡句, 需要阅读上一段结尾部分和本段, 然后将两段内容连接起来。
第二步: 分析语境与选项。结合上一段内容, 再根据本段内容, 尤其是最后一句 “But they cost $18!” 可知, 本段主要讲述 “巴黎食物的价格较贵” 这一点。E项“那并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因。” 既对上一段内容进行了总结, 又引出了法国人吃得少的另一个原因。
第三步: 比对选项, 确定答案为E项。
【对点微练习】
A
(2021·山东泰安高三模拟)
How to Simplify Your Home Cleaning Routine
There are many ways to clean a house, but the best methods are those that save time and effort, while avoiding poisonous cleaning chemicals ...
1.Keep stuff dry
Wetness is the enemy when it comes to keeping bathrooms and kitchens clean because it attracts bacteria. Leave the shower door or curtain open when not in use to increase the circulation of air through the room ...
2.　18　
You know how you move your face in a mirror, using different angles to get a clear look The same logic applies to cleaning. Use a flashlight to shine on surfaces, floors, and corners in order to spot dust and dirt you might have missed.
...
A.Light the dirt
B.Purchase a flashlight
C.The same goes for the kitchen sink
D.Always run a fan or open a window when showering to let out steam
E.Here are some simple tricks that will make the task easier and healthier
F.Keep the proper tricks up your sleeve, and you'll always feel ready for the job
G.have to climb a flight of stairs to get the right tools, you may just ignore it
答案 A　
解析 本文属于 “总—分” 结构, 小标题引领各部分。小标题选项一般为祈使句, 句子较短, 特征突出。根据 “Use a flashlight to shine on surfaces, floors, and corners in order to spot dust and dirt you might have missed.” 可知, 这一段的建议是用手电筒照亮地面、地板和角落, 找出你可能错过的灰尘。A项 “照亮灰尘”, 与下文一致, 最适合做段落标题。故选A项。
B
(2022·全国甲卷)
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette(礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 　36　. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.
...
A.The more friends you make in your lifetime
B.The more time you spend in any given country
C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D.Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E.It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
答案 D
解析 该句出现在段落中间并且后面为句号, 说明它在文中应该是起过渡作用。上一句提到与文化有关的进餐礼节可能有一些重要的规则会使你惊讶。下一句提到知道一些有用的提示可以确保不管在世界的哪一个角落, 你都能与朋友或家人拥有一次愉快的用餐体验。D项中的“at a restaurant”与文章标题中的“When Dining Out”呼应。故选D项。
技法4　利用标点符号　
通常情况下, 设空处后面是句号。但如果设空处后面是逗号, 则该处填入的应为 “未完待续” 的句子, 这些句子往往是从句或是主句; 如果设空处前面是逗号, 则该处填入的句子的首字母应为小写(专有名词除外)。我们可以据此来迅速锁定选择范围。
【典例印证】
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication
...
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 　37　, encouraging better and more frequent communication.
...
A.Messages with emojis feel more conversational
B.Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C.Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D.The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
思维流程
第一步: 设空处后为逗号可知, 这个设空处应填入不完整的句子。
第二步: 分析语境与选项。设空前一句中的emojis与选项 A 中的 emojis 相呼应, more conversational (更适合交谈)与设空后的more frequent communication(更频繁的交流)相呼应。句意: 使用表情符号可以增加幽默感和感情, 保持意图清晰。 带有表情符号的信息让人感觉更适合交谈, 鼓励更好、更频繁的交流。
第三步: 比对选项, 确定答案为A项。
【对点微练习】
A
(2021·山东部分重点中学4月联考)
...
Beginners might think they need to run nearly every day to meet their fitness or weight-loss goals, but nothing could be further from the truth. 　39　, especially for beginners whose muscles and bones haven't yet been conditioned for such intense (剧烈的) exercise. So it's important to give your body ample rest between workouts. Follow a training plan that includes rest days.
...
A.Not running every day
B.Not taking rest days
C.Running is a demanding activity which can be really hard on your body
D.As mentioned, a healthy routine is what they attach importance to.
E.When starting out with running, it's tough not to compare yourself to others.
F.Many make a number of common mistakes, which can interfere (干扰) with training or lead to injury.
G.It will help reduce the risk of injury, so you can continue with your new running routine.
答案 C　
解析 根据下文的 “...especially for beginners whose muscles and bones haven't yet been conditioned for such intense exercise.” 可知, 特别是对那些肌肉和骨骼不适合如此剧烈的运动的初跑者, 此处是想表达跑步是一项有难度的运动, 连接下文, C项 “跑步是一项要求很高的运动, 对你的身体有很大的负担。” 符合语境。又因设空处后为逗号, 该处填入的句子应为不完整的句子。故选C项。
B
(2022·全国甲卷)
...
Hands or Utensils(餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 　38　, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
...
A.The more friends you make in your lifetime
B.The more time you spend in any given country
C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D.Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E.It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
答案 C
解析 根据空格处后面的标点符号——逗号来判断, 空白处和后面“instead preferring to use their hands”应为一句话。Instead暗示句子前后两部分之间为选择关系(二选一)。Mexicians consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils(墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭不合适)与instead preferring to use their hands(相反地他们喜欢用手吃饭)构成否定前者肯定后者的关系。故选C项。
类型二　利用内在关系
技法1　词汇复现法　
复现不是指词语的简单再现, 而是指某个词语可能以不同的词性、数、格、时态及语态等形式出现。有时也会以同义词或反义词的形式出现。
【典例印证】
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
...
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 　38　 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
...
A.Not all the customers are tourists.
B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E.That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.
思维流程
第一步: 设空处位于段中, 属于上下文关联句。
第二步: 分析语境与选项。通读本段可知, 本段主要讲述了巴黎的饮食。与之表述在意义和语境上有重叠的是D项、E项和G项。结合设空前后出现的关键词great food, French strawberries以及flavor bombs等可知, G项 “食物是如此美味, 你不需要太多就能使你快乐。” 符合语境。
第三步: 比对选项, 确定答案为G项。
【对点微练习】
A
(2021·山东青岛高三自主检测)
... They range from birds to fish and to other marine animals. Most of the deaths to them are caused by starvation. Small pieces of plastic have been found in more than 100 marine species, including fish, shrimp, and some seashells. In many cases, these tiny bits pass through their stomachs. 　19　 Stomachs packed with plastic reduce the urge to eat, making them die eventually.
...
A.Nearly every species of seabird eats plastic.
B.This makes plastic waste even harder to notice.
C.Millions of animals are killed by plastic every year.
D.Some pieces have even been found blocking their organs.
E.Half of all plastic ever produced has been made in the last 15 years.
F.It could be done with improved waste management systems and recycling.
G.However, they may remain in the environment for hundreds of years and cause a lot of harm.
答案 D　
解析 根据上文的 “Small pieces of plastic have been found in more than 100 marine species, including fish, shrimp, and some seashells. In many cases, these tiny bits pass through their stomachs.” 以及下文的 “Stomachs packed with plastic reduce the urge to eat, making them die eventually.” 可知, 在包括鱼、虾和一些贝壳在内的100多种海洋物种中发现了小塑料碎片。动物的胃部塞满了塑料, 可见塑料的碎片会堵塞它们的器官。故D项 “一些碎片甚至被发现阻塞了它们的器官。” 符合语境。其中Small pieces of plastic和选项中的Some pieces相呼应。故选D项。
B
(2022·全国乙卷)
...
　38　. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
...
A.Remember important dates
B.Compensate by writing letters
C.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
答案 G
解析 根据下文出现的is remaining, has moved, new environment等关键信息可知, 朋友可能会搬走或者被留在原地。G项符合语境。故选G项。
技法2　代词线索法　
英语文章中有时会用代词或定冠词来指代前面提及的名词或者前面的一个句子,如it, they, this, these, the, all等。分析逻辑关系时也应注意这些代词所指代的内容。
【典例印证】
(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)
...
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation.This is quite important,because it is directly related to your commitment.There are times when your heart is not in your work.　38　 So,slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment.Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives,keeping in mind your beliefs,values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible.　39　 They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
...
A.This can affect your work.
B.So how should you motivate yourself
C.However,this should not discourage you.
D.So why should we try to set specific goals
E.They can change according to circumstances.
F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G.Without motivation,you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
思维流程
第一步: 留意选项和设空前后的代词。选项A中有代词This, 选项E中有代词They。this指代单数名词或者前面句子出现的情况; they指代复数名词。
第二步: 分析题目可知, 第38题设空前意为 “有时候你的心思不在工作上。” A项“这样会影响你的工作。” A项中的This指代这种情况。第39题设空前的goals are flexible 意为 “目标是灵活的”, 故E项 “它们可以根据情况而改变。” 与之相符, They指代goals。
第三步: 比对选项, 确定第38题答案为A项, 第39题答案为E项。
【对点微练习】
A
(2023·山东日照高三一模)
UK exercise guidelines suggest that adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week for good health.　17　 It is about whether or not you can still get the benefits of exercise if you squeeze(挤出) it all in on a weekend instead of spreading it throughout the week.
A.But debate is growing around the issue.
B.This finding is consistent with previous research.
C.Regularly active people had the best health overall.
D.Most people find it hard to do exercise at the weekend.
E.For many of us, the weekend is the only time to exercise.
F.However, it may cause serious diseases, such as heart attacks.
G.Also, it improves other aspects of our health like lowering blood pressure.
答案 A
解析 该空后“It is about whether or not you can still get the benefits of exercise if you squeeze it all in on a weekend instead of spreading it throughout the week.”中的It代指前面提到的某件事, 从句中的whether or not...是就某件事的“争论”或“辩论”, 所以选A项, 与debate呼应。
B
(2021·北京东城区综合练习)
...
Oh yes, we all have been trained and conditioned to work hard to achieve our dreams, and that is a good thing. The problem arises when all these inspirational quotes start confusing us. These messages tell people not to give up, 　37　. They tell one to “try and try again” until they succeed, but that amount of effort should only be put toward what you really want in life and one should never quit what they think to be their life purpose...
A.Let go of your life goal and live in the moment
B.You have to live it and you have to be your own boss
C.Try to recognise your talent, your ability and your skills
D.and it proves that only efforts can make a big difference
E.Make timely adjustment and run in other directions
F.The rest is all just there to confuse and depress you, so don't let it
G.but they don't tell you that it should only apply to your true dreams
答案 G　
解析 根据设空前的逗号可知, 设空处为D项或G项, 根据设空后一句中表述的 “它们告诉人们要不断尝试直到成功, 但是这种努力只应该被用于自己生活中真正想要的东西”上可知, G项符合语境。选项中的they指代前面的These messages, 也与后面的They相一致。
技法3　逻辑关系法　
英语中段落之间、句子之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接或过渡, 以使文章更加连贯、表达更加清楚, 因此文章中表示各种逻辑关系的关联词在选择答案时都是很好的线索。
【典例印证】
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 　36　 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
...
A.Not all the customers are tourists.
B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E.That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.
思维流程
第一步: 设空处后位于段中, 属于上下文关联句。
第二步: 分析语境与选项。根据下文的 “So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.” 可知,作者做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵的六楼公寓。据此可推测, 设空处的内容与下一句之间构成了因果关系。F项 “我们的目的是看一下, 在某种程度上, 我们能否像真正的巴黎人那样生活。” 与下文能够形成因果关系。
第三步: 比对选项, 确定答案为F项。
【对点微练习】
A
(2021·湖北九师联盟质量检测)
...
Download the latest security updates. 　38　 Instead, you are more often attacked because of bugs (漏洞) that have been publicly reported, and that security updates have been published. If you do not download the updates on time, you do not get the benefit of the work of the security engineers.
...
A.Be aware of fishing.
B.Don't use 1234567890.
C.Keep passwords in different places.
D.Don't read and reply those strange emails.
E.It includes stealing the passwords of your online accounts.
F.But even such basic steps can make your accounts much more secure.
G.Usually, you are not attacked because of those problems that nobody knows about.
答案 G　
解析 根据设空后的 “Instead, you are more often attacked because of bugs that have been publicly reported, and that security updates have been published.” 可知, 经常受到攻击的原因是已经公开报告的漏洞和已经发布的安全更新。根据句中的Instead可推知, 设空处表达的内容应该是与之相反的, G项 “通常, 你不会因为那些不为人知的程序漏洞而受到攻击。” 符合语境。故选G项。
B
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
...
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all,decide what you want from that person. 　37　 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
...
A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C.You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E.How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
答案 D
解析 该题考查逻辑关系。根据下文的“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility ”可知,所填的句子也应该是一个一般疑问句。D项“你想在你最喜欢的运动中成为一名更好的运动员吗 ”可以和下文构成选择关系。故选D项。
No.4　真题实战 经典对练
拿高分
Group 1
A
(2021·全国甲卷)
Swap, Don't shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源) to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor 　1　. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun it had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. 　2　, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
● 　3　. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. 　4　. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go” ,or turn on a certain song, or whatever. 　5　. And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对, 以及一些具体的流程。
A.Less people than that
B.Hold a clothing swap
C.If two people are competing
D.Just keep music playing throughout
E.Donate whatever clothes are left over
F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
1.答案 B　
解析 根据上文的 “So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor ” 提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文的 “It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.” 提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以设空处应起承上启下的作用。因而设空处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项 “Hold a clothing swap.(进行衣物交换。)” 给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法, 承上启下, 符合语境。故选B项。
2.答案 A　
解析 根据上文的 “Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection.” 说明了应该邀请的人数。下文的 “and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.” 可知, 多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以设空处应是针对下文中的more than that提出的相反的假设, 即少于一定数量的人。A项 “Less people than that(少于这些人)”提出一种假设, 和下文中more than that相对, 说明人数不宜太多, 也不能太少, 符合语境。故选A项。
3. 答案 G　
解析 根据下文的 “They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their 'new' clothes home.” 可知, 去的时候应该为交换所得的 “新衣服” 准备袋子。G项内容说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服, 其中的bring和下文中carry相对, 都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词, 并且其中They指代G项的everyone。故选G项。
4. 答案 F　
解析 根据上文的 “Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.” 可知, 衣服应该归类放置。下文的 “Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.” 提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见, 本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法, 所以设空处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项 “Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.” 说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置, 符合语境。故选F项。
5.答案 D　
解析 根据上文的 “Set a starting time. Maybe you say 'go', or turn on a certain song, or whatever.” 可知, 只要打开音乐或其他什么, 聚会就开始了。根据下文的 “And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!” 可知, 聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而, 设空处应是承接上文, 讲述聚会期间要保持应有的内容。D项 “Just keep music playing throughout.” 承上启下, 说明在派对上要有音乐, 与前文形成意义上的一致, 符合题意。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①swap v.交换(东西)
②(熟词生义)score v.获得; 取得
③pointer n.建议; 提示
重点语块
④end with 以……结束
⑤loads of 大量;许多
⑥do with 处理
⑦get rid of 扔掉
精彩句式
⑧Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.
在你的房间周围放几面镜子, 这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。
B
(2021·全国乙卷)
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it's not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
　1　, if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living ”, you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you're talking to. 　2　, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
　3　 If you can't take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox(讲台). If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 　4　.
And what about that other dinner-party killer:awkward silence If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment(赞扬).　5　. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn't that hard.
A.How do you know the host
B.The first step is to go exploring
C.If you ask the question “How did you get here ”
D.Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F.What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking
G.He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在晚餐聚餐时如何做一个有趣的人, 给出了几点建议。
1.答案 B　
解析 第一段总起, 指出文章的中心思想。本段紧随其后, 提出第一条建议。故选B项。
2.答案 C　
解析 下文提到骑车或者坐公共汽车, 可知接下来要问的问题是 “你怎么来的 ”故选C项。
3. 答案 F　
解析 下文说的是: “如果你拿不走他们的酒, 就拿走他们的讲台。” 可知这里是问 “万一碰到喝多酒的人或者不停说话的人怎么办 ”故选F项。
4.E　
解析 上句是应对醉酒或者喋喋不休的人的第一种解决办法。这里是第二种解决办法:或者把对话变成一个他们没什么可说的话题。故选E项。
5. 答案 G　
解析 上句提到如果出现尴尬的沉默, 可以通过赞扬主人来缓解尴尬氛围。因此接下来应选择过渡句 “她/他(主人)是受尴尬影响最重的人”。故选G项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①adventurous adj.有冒险精神的;大胆开始的
②awkwardness n.尴尬
重点语块
③show up 如约赶到
④bring in 带来;引入
精彩句式
⑤If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment.
如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默, 唯一能让大家再次交谈的方法就是赞美主人。
C
(2023·全国甲卷)
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here's a riddle:What do traffic jams,long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer.　1　.
In the Digital Age,we're used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.However,research suggests that if we practiced patience,we'd be a whole lot better off.Here are several tricks.
Practice gratitude(感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits:Research shows it makes us happier,less stressed and even more optimistic.　2　.“Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li,researcher at the University of California.
Make yourself wait
Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time,but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run.And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.　3　.Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.You'll soon find that the more patience you practice,the more you start to apply it to other more annoying situations.
　4　
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate,and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone,we get impatient about the circumstances.You should learn to say to yourself,“　5　.”You'll then gradually become more patient.
A.Find your causes
B.Start with small tasks
C.Accept the uncomfortable
D.All this adds up to a state of hurry
E.It can also help us practice more patience
F.This is merely uncomfortable,not intolerable
G.They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要为读者提供“成为一个更有耐心的人”的方法: 表达感谢、学会等待、走出舒适区。
1.G
解析 根据第一段第一句“Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common ”可知, 交通堵塞、排长队、等待假期开始都是需要耐心的事情, 这与G项“They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience.”相吻合, 且呼应第二段中的“practiced patience”。
2.E
解析 第三段第一句“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.”讲的是表达感谢的好处。E项“It can also help us practice more patience.”也是表达感谢的好处。故选E项, 形成“it makes us...It can also help...”并列关系。
3.答案 B
解析 根据第四段第二句“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.”提到了practice, 空后的句子“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.”列举了一些等待的事情。由此推出B项“Start with small tasks(从小事开始做起)”符合题意。
4.答案 C
解析 根据最后一段第一句“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.”可推知, 本段的主题句应为“接受令人不舒适的事情”, 故选C项。
5.F
解析 根据最后一段第一句“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.”的后半句可知, 当我们经历舒适区外的事物时, 我们会变得不耐烦。因此, 我们应该学会对自己说“这只是不舒服, 不是不可忍受”, 故选F项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①optimistic adj.乐观的
②impatient adj.不耐烦的
重点语块
③be better off 更富裕
④in the long run 从长远来看
⑤put off 推迟;延迟
⑥say to oneself 自言自语
精彩句式
⑦You'll soon find that the more patience you practice,the more you start to apply it to other more annoying situations.
你很快就会发现,你练习耐心的次数越多,你就越能够开始把它运用到更加恼人的情况中去。
Group 2
A
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 　1　 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.
　2　 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn't a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
　3　 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 　4　
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 　5　 Now most homes have central heating and don't use fires to keep warm.
A.This isn't usual though.
B.It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C.You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D.If you're lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 “温锅” 聚餐这一习俗的相关内容。
1. 答案 E　
解析 上文提到 “暖房” 是朋友和家人对乔迁新居的人进行的一种祝贺方式, 下文讲 “暖房” 也是在用爱和礼物来填充新空间的时刻。由此可以推知, 设空处很有可能也是在讲有关 “暖房” 的意义。结合语境内容可知, E项中的代词It指housewarming party, 而且also表明了和上一句之间的逻辑关系。故选E项。
2.答案 B　
解析 结合空后内容可知, 此段主要讲 “暖房” 的时候, 人们通常会带礼物。故选B项。
3.答案 C　
解析 根据文中的 “... there isn't a lot of food served.” 可知, 此处讲的是人们来参加乔迁派对时也可以带着食物, 据此可知C项 “你也可以带着食物和饮料与其他客人一同分享” 符合语境。
4.答案 A　
解析 根据设空前的 “... people may be asked to help unpack boxes.” 可知, 此处是在描述派对活动时可能会做的事情, A项 “不过这并不常见” 是对设空前内容的补充。A项中的代词This指代空前的people may be asked to help unpack boxes这种情况。
5. 答案 G　
解析 此段中的firewood和central heating是答题的关键。这与G项中的keep their home warm for the winter的表述一致。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①register v.登记
②registry n.登记处; 注册处
重点语块
③congratulate... on祝贺……
④decorate... with... 用……装饰……
精彩句式
⑤House warming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.
暖房派对之所以得名, 事实上是在很久以前, 人们确实会把木柴作为礼物带到新家。
B
(2020·浙江卷)
I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 　1　 His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. 　2　 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children's books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. 　3　
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 　4　 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
　5　 My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They're all memories I treasure today.
A.I wasn't alone any longer.
B.I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C.I was invited to play with another kid.
D.I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E.Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F.Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G.My older brother couldn't be bothered to play with me.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者分析了自己几个生活习惯的成因。
1. 答案 G　
解析 根据设空后一句 “His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.” 可知, 设空句应提及His的身份, 即G项中的My older brother。故选G项。
2.答案 D　
解析 根据设空前一句提到 “我对书写字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候” 和下文提到 “我很快就从读典型的儿童读物变成了读插图少、章节多的书” 可知此处应指 “我喜欢书中的彩色照片” 与上句构成递进与下文形成对比。结合选项可知D项最符合语境。故选D项。
3.答案 A　
解析 根据前一句提到阅读为 “我” 打开了新世界可知, 接下来应描述作者的感受。结合选项可知A项 “我不再孤独” 与设空前一句形成了因果关系, 符合语境。故选A项。
4. 答案 F　
解析 根据前一句 “当我的母亲看到我的创作时, 她说我的设计很有创意” 及下文make things和F项making things属于同词复现。故选F项。
5. 答案 E　
解析 根据后一句 “无论天气或季节, 我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在户外” 可知关键词outside, 结合选项可知E项outdoors属于同词复现。故选E项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①tease v.取笑; 戏弄
②typical adj.典型的
③creation n.创造; 创作
④extend v.延伸; 扩大
重点语块
⑤on one's own 独自
⑥transform...into...把……变成
精彩句式
⑦My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season.
我的父母总是让两个孩子在户外度过时光, 无论天气或季节。
C
(2023·全国乙卷)
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much,but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.　1　,but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood(心情),reducing stress and helping their memory.What's more,indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants,also known as houseplants or pot plants,are plants that like to grow indoors.Many of these species(物种)are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK,especially in the winter.　2　.
Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra,who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens,says,“　3　.I find during the winter months,plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity,focus and memory.There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.　4　.
Which plants can you grow
Aloe vera,peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors.You can buy plants from supermarkets,garden centres or online.Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones,and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants.“　5　,” Spoelstra says.“It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A.All plants are different
B.Not only do they look beautiful
C.There are many benefits of growing plants indoors
D.Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E.Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best
F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G.Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在室内种植植物的好处以及如何选择适宜室内种植的植物。
1.答案 B
解析 根据空后的“but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood, reducing stress and helping their memory”可知, 应该选B项, 构成“not only...but (also)...(不仅……, 而且……)”句型, 本句交代了室内植物的两个优点。
2.答案 D
解析 根据“Many of these species are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.”可知, 应该选D项, 选项中的Instead与该句中的not构成“不是……, 而是……”句式。outside与inside, winter与warmer相对应。
3.答案 C
解析 根据“Why are indoor plants good for you ”和空后的内容可知, 应该选C项, good与benefits相一致。空后的“lift your mood”“improve creativity, focus and memory”“clean the air around them”和“remove some harmful chemicals”概括起来都是不同的“好处(benefits)”。
4.E
解析 空前的“They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.”综述“它们还可以去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害的化学物质。” 选项E点明具体实例: peace lilies和devil's ivy这样的植物最有效。
5.G
解析 根据“It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”可知应该选G项, it指代“Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding.”, 即Spoelstra认为“了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的, 它可以给人们的生活带来新的兴趣和关注点, 并有助于将家与自然联系起来。”
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①promote v.提高;提升
②ideally adv.理想地
③mature v.成熟
重点语块
④be suited to 合适
⑤back ...up 支持
精彩句式
⑥Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much,but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.
室内植物也许看起来好像闲置着毫无用处,但在很多方面他们是家里的无名英雄。(共125张PPT)
第三部分
专题六　读后续写
英 语
内容索引
No.1　考情透析 明晰读后续写考什么
No.2　读文总策略 破解读后续写必备3大策略
No.3　题型微技法 提升读后续写解题5大技法
No.4　真题实战 经典对练拿高分
No.1　考情透析 明晰读后续写考什么
高考命题透析
卷名 话题
2023 新高考Ⅰ卷&Ⅱ卷 起初作者不喜欢写作,但在老师的鼓励下体会到了写作的乐趣
2022 新高考Ⅰ卷 作者发现一名学生在越野赛跑前打算放弃比赛,在作者的鼓励下,这名学生勇敢地参加了比赛
1月浙江卷 作者在完成心理学课程项目的过程中,克服与队友之间的种种困难,最终完成了项目
2021 新高考Ⅰ卷 一对双胞胎在母亲节为妈妈做早餐
浙江卷 作者上学时的一次打工挣钱的经历
命题专家谈高考
1.高考读后续写以学科素养为导向, 突出综合性和创新性, 倡导读写融合。
2.语篇文体为记叙文,文章结构简单, 时间、地点明确, 语言生动, 但难度不大。
3.段落的开头语提供了明确的信息。段落的开头语规划了写作思路和框架, 写作内容基本明确。
4.话题积极向上, 传播正能量, 倡导人与自然的和谐共处。
解题策略指导
◆方向和努力一样重要。研透题型特点, 明确考查的各项能力, 加强针对性训练。
◆千里之行,始于足下。要想快速提炼出故事梗概, 弄清人物特点, 理清故事情节的发展脉络, 就要加大日常词汇背诵, 大量阅读记叙文材料, 总结归纳其写作特点。
◆整体布局, 科学规划。读后续写是一个写作大工程, 除了要有厚实的阅读基础外, 还要对读后续写的思路进行整体布局, 并对整个写作训练的过程进行科学规划。除了加大词汇量外, 还要系统地梳理各种情景描写、人物刻画、情节发展、故事结局与启示的高级语句与段落, 并在写作中尝试使用。
◆走出一条属于自己的路。二轮复习时间短, 一篇完整的读后续写用时多, 因此在课堂上练习的时间比较有限。但是, 读后续写分值较高, 这就要求我们有自己的复习计划和节奏, 合理安排阅读和写作的练习。小段的时间可以进行小语段、小情节的微写作; 大段的时间就可以进行整篇的续写, 养成提笔能写、见情景能表达的写作习惯, 走出一条属于自己的路, 享受读写的快乐。
No.2　读文总策略 破解读后续写必备3大策略
策略一　学习评分标准, 实现高分有方向
(一)评分原则
1.本题总分为25分, 按七个档次进行评分。
2.评分时, 应主要从内容、词汇语法和篇章结构三个方面考虑, 具体为:
(1)续写内容的质量、完整性及与原文情境的融洽度;
(2)所使用词汇和语法结构的准确性、恰当性和多样性;
(3)上下文的衔接和全文的连贯性。
3.评分时, 应先根据作答的整体情况确定其所属的档次, 然后以该档次的要求来综合衡量, 确定或调整档次, 最后给分。
4.评分时还应注意:
(1)词数少于120的, 酌情扣分;
(2)书写较差以致影响交际的, 酌情扣分;
(3)单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面, 评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑, 英、美式拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
(二)各档次的给分范围和要求
档次 描述
第七档 (22~25分) —创造了新颖、丰富、合理的内容, 富有逻辑性, 续写完整, 与原文情境融洽度高;
—使用了多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构, 表达流畅, 语言错误很少, 且完全不影响理解;
—自然有效地使用了段落间、语句间衔接手段, 全文结构清晰, 前后呼应, 意义连贯。
档次 描述
第六档 (18~21分) —创造了比较丰富、合理的内容, 比较有逻辑性, 续写比较完整, 与原文情境融洽度较高;
—使用了比较多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构, 表达比较流畅, 有个别错误, 但不影响理解;
—比较有效地使用了语句间衔接手段, 全文结构比较清晰, 意义比较连贯。
档次 描述
第五档 (15~17分) —创造了基本合理的内容, 有一定的逻辑性, 续写基本完整, 与原文情境相关;
—使用了比较恰当的词汇和语法结构, 表达方式不够多样, 表达有些许错误, 但基本不影响理解;
—使用了语句间衔接手段, 全文结构比较清晰, 意义比较连贯。
第四档 (11~14分) —创造了基本完整的故事内容, 但有的情节不够合理或逻辑性不强, 与原文情境基本相关;
—使用了简单的词汇和语法结构, 有部分语言错误和不恰当之处, 个别部分影响理解;
—尚有语句衔接的意识, 全文结构基本清晰, 意义基本连贯。
档次 描述
第三档 (6~10分) —内容和逻辑上有一些重大问题, 续写不够完整, 与原文有一定程度脱节;
—所用的词汇有限, 语法结构单调, 错误较多且比较低级, 影响理解;
—未能有效地使用语句间衔接手段, 全文结构不够清晰, 意义欠连贯。
第二档 (1~5分) —内容和逻辑上有较多重大问题, 或有部分内容抄自原文, 续写不完整, 与原文情境基本脱节;
—所使用的词汇非常有限, 语法结构单调, 错误极多, 严重影响理解;
—几乎没有使用语句间衔接手段, 全文结构不清晰, 意义不连贯。
档次 描述
第一档 (0分) —未作答; 所写内容太少或无法看清以致无法评判; 所写内容全部抄自原文或与题目要求完全不相关。
策略二　遵循4步骤, 读后续写保高分
策略三　研究典例, 掌握高分技巧
【典例印证】
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
A MOTHER'S DAY SURPRISE
The twins were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother's Day. How pleased and proud Mother would be when they brought her breakfast in bed. They planned to make French toast and chicken porridge. They had watched their mother in the kitchen. There was nothing to it. Jenna and Jeff knew exactly what to do.
The big day came at last. The alarm rang at 6 a.m. The pair went down the stairs quietly to the kitchen. They decided to boil the porridge first. They put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil while they made the French toast. Jeff broke two eggs into a plate and added in some milk. Jenna found the bread and put two slices into the egg mixture. Next, Jeff turned on the second stove burner to heat up the frying pan. Everything was going smoothly until Jeff started frying the bread. The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. This time, she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.
Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake. The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire. Jenna panicked. Thankfully, Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly. But the stove was a mess now. Jenna told Jeff to clean it up so they could continue to cook the rest of the porridge. But Jeff's hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him put his hand in cold water. Then she caught the smell of burning. Oh dear! The piece of bread in the pan had turned black as well.
As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared.
The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up.
【语篇解读】
第一步: 读出有效信息
这是2021年新高考Ⅰ卷的读后续写, 语篇文体为记叙文。文章讲述了母亲节来临, 一对双胞胎为妈妈做早餐的故事。在阅读文章时, 我们可根据when、where、who、what、why和how来理解语篇内容和梳理故事情节发展的脉络。在梳理故事情节发展的脉络时,我们要把握三条线索: 时间线、情节线和情感发展线。
1.故事的六要素:
2.情节脉络:
3.本文的三条线索:
4.本文的行文和语言特点:
本文语言平实地道, 行文流畅, 叙事娓娓道来。
①语言形象生动, 动作描写细腻, 富有感情。如: filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise; went down the stairs quietly; steam shooting out of the pot; the lid starting to shake; Jenna panicked等。
②语言运用准确、地道, 具有感染力。如: There was nothing to it; The big day came at last; Then she caught the smell of burning等。
第二步: 推测后续情节
1.开头语解读
读后续写所给的开头语提示了写作思路和框架。因此, 在写作前必须仔细研究两段的开头语。
第一段开头语提到, 正当双胞胎在失望中四周张望的时候, 爸爸出现了。下文要描写的是爸爸做了什么事。
第二段开头语提到, 这对双胞胎把早餐端到楼上, 然后叫醒了妈妈。下文要描写的是妈妈看到后的反应。
2.写作思路
写作思路的确定必须遵循故事发展的时间线、情节线和情感发展线。首先要确定故事情节, 然后再考虑情感的铺垫。续写第一段主要描写爸爸在厨房里对双胞胎的鼓励和帮助。续写第二段主要描写妈妈看到早餐后的反应, 以及与孩子们的互动, 也要有爸爸的参与。这样,一方面可以避免情节浮于表面或者过于简单,另一方面也可以有空间进行生动细致的描写。
构思写作要点:
续写第一段: 故事情节衔接上文, 双胞胎把厨房灶台弄得一团糟, 而且锅里的面包片又煳了。当他们失望地四周张望的时候, 爸爸出现了。
①爸爸看到这样的场面, 肯定立刻意识到发生了什么。爸爸会让他们收拾好灶台, 然后帮助他们做早餐。
②孩子们重拾信心, 并按照爸爸的指导继续做早餐。一会儿, 厨房打扫干净了, 早餐也做好了。
③爸爸了解到孩子们想给妈妈一个惊喜, 于是爸爸偷偷回到床上假装睡觉。
④第二段的开头语提到, 孩子们端着早餐上楼, 因此续写第一段最后一句应该是, 孩子们准备好餐盘, 放上准备好的贺卡, 然后走出厨房。
续写第二段: 这对双胞胎把早餐端到楼上, 然后叫醒了妈妈。
①首先描写孩子们的表现, 孩子们拥抱妈妈, 同时祝妈妈“母亲节快乐”。妈妈也会拥抱孩子们。
②描写妈妈看到早餐后的惊讶表情, 与文章开头的as they thought of the surprise相呼应。
③上文提到爸爸已经悄悄返回床上假装睡觉, 这时候也要描写爸爸的表现。爸爸还在假装酣睡, 被妈妈叫醒后, 看到早餐后表现出吃惊。
④妈妈吃着早餐, 赞扬孩子们的厨艺, 孩子们和妈妈一起共进早餐, 与爸爸偷偷用眼神交流彼此的默契, 呈现出一个有浓浓亲情的温馨场面。
第三步: 写出出彩作文
读后续写对考生的语言能力要求高。要想写好续写段落, 就要有丰富的词汇量, 能用生动的语言刻画细节。文章只有具备准确细致的动作描写、丰富生动的表情描写与恰当的心理活动描写, 才能让人物栩栩如生。
句子结构尽量丰富多样, 长短句结合。根据语言环境, 恰当使用复合句, 灵活使用非谓语动词, 适当增加直接引语, 注意衔接过渡的流畅, 表现力会更强, 文章内容就更加充实、饱满。
◆范文欣赏
As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared. One look and he knew what they were up to. Seeing their crestfallen faces, he told them to clean up the kitchen while he helped them make breakfast for Mother. The twins cheered up and did as told. Within an hour, the kitchen was cleaned, and Father helped the twins make some egg sandwiches and cooked some oat porridge. Then he sneaked back to bed. Meanwhile, the twins prepared the breakfast tray, added a card they had made and walked out of the kitchen.
The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up. They hugged her and yelled,“Happy Mother's Day, dear Mummy!” Mother hugged the twins. Her eyes widened at the sight of the breakfast tray. She shook Father who was pretending to snore. He feigned astonishment when he saw the breakfast. Mother bit into a sandwich and said it was the best she had ever tasted. Jeff immediately wanted to have a bite. Jenna caught her father's eye and they winked at each other secretly.
No.3　题型微技法 提升读后续写解题5大技法
技法1　描写故事背景
故事的背景对于故事的理解至关重要, 只有当读者了解了故事发生的时间、地点和环境等, 读者才会有代入感。背景描写不仅体现在开头, 而且应该贯穿于整篇文章之中。好的故事背景不应该只是简单介绍故事发生的时间和地点, 而是能够对人物角色、行为活动及整体情节产生一定的影响。
【必备素材】
◆故事发生的时间
1.in a flash 转瞬间; 立即
2.in an instant 瞬间; 马上
3.right away 立刻; 马上
4.in a while 一会儿; 过不久
5.at any moment 很快; 随时
6.in no time 立刻; 马上
7.in a minute/second 马上
8.for a short while 片刻
9.shortly after... ……后不久
10.at the beginning 起初
11.just now 刚刚
12.at first sight 乍一看
13.at that moment 在那时
14.at the same time 同时
15.in the meantime 其间; 同时
16.at this point 在这个时候
17.at that time 在那时
18.at dawn 在黎明
19.in the daytime 在白天
20.in the late afternoon 在傍晚
21.at dusk 在黄昏
22.before/after dark 天黑前/后
23.at nightfall 在傍晚
24.the day before yesterday 前天
25.on the following day 在第二天
26.three days later 三天之后
27.the day after tomorrow 后天
28.five days ago 五天前
29.at all times 总是; 随时;永远
30.at the age of 18 在十八岁时
31.in one's childhood 在某人小时候
32.in one's teens 在某人十几岁时
33.at the end of 在……结束时
34.in the end 终于; 最后
35.in (the) future 从今以后
36.for a long time 很长一段时间
37.so far 迄今为止
38.in advance 预先; 提前
39.at the stage of 在……阶段
40.on schedule 按预定时间
41.in one's spare time 在某人的闲暇时间
42.in some cases 在某些情况下
43.on New Year's Eve 在除夕
44.on Monday morning 在周一早上
45.in my future life 在我以后的生活中
46.at the end of the summer 在夏末
47.in the following days 在接下来的日子里
48.after ending a day's work 结束了一天的工作后
◆故事发生的地点
1.on the spot 在现场
2.in the woods 在树林里
3.in the sky 在天空中
4.in the sun 在阳光下
5.by the lake 在湖边
6.on a farm 在农场
7.in nature 在大自然中
8.in the open air 在户外
9.at the top of the hill 在山顶
10.at the foot of the mountain 在山脚下
11.along the stream 沿着小溪
12.at a distance 从远处
13.on the coast 在海岸上
14.at the doctor's 在诊所
15.at the grocery store 在杂货店
16.at the gas station 在加油站
17.at the railway station 在火车站
18.in the living room 在起居室
19.on the edge of 在……边缘
20.among the crowd 在人群中
21.on the sidewalk 在人行道上
22.in front of the building 在大楼的前面
23.in an amusement park 在游乐园
24.in the shopping centre 在购物中心
25.ten miles away 十英里之外
26.beneath the surface of the water 在水面以下
27.to the east of the village 在村子的东面
28.in the corner of the house 在屋子的角落里
29.in a busy and narrow street 在一条繁忙而狭窄的街道上
30.within a stone's throw of the beach 离海滩很近
31.in a village less than twenty miles away 在一个不到20英里远的村子里
32.in a train going at full speed for New York 在一辆全速驶向纽约的火车上
◆故事发生的环境
1.busy streets 繁忙的街道
2.the panicked crowd 慌乱的人群
3.many people coming and going 人来人往
4.busy and crowded cities 繁忙拥挤的城市
5.a variety of commodities 种类繁多的商品
6.in the dim light of the street lamps 在昏暗的路灯下
7.He stopped at the supermarket.他在超市门前停下来。
8.Heavy traffic blocked the road.
拥挤的交通阻塞了道路。
9.The streets were noisy and full of activity.
街上熙熙攘攘, 车水马龙。
10.We camped in a field near the village.
我们在靠近村庄的地里露营。
11.The village is further up the valley.
村庄在山谷的更深处。
12.An embarrassed silence blanketed the room.
尴尬的沉默笼罩了整个房间。
13.A sudden roar came from the expectant crowd.
期待的人群中突然欢声雷动。
14.The bus stop is on the left, across from the supermarket.
公共汽车站就在左边, 在超市的对面。
15.The farmhouse is remote from any other buildings.
这家农舍附近没有别的房屋。
技法2　描写自然环境
自然环境是指自然界的景物, 如季节变化、风雪雷雨、山河湖海、森林原野等。在读后续写时要着重描写事件发生的地理位置、天气变化等。天气状况的描写可以用来奠定故事的基调, 塑造人物个性, 反映人物心情。
【必备素材】
◆天气状况
1.clear up 放晴
2.a fresh breeze 一阵清风
3.the bright blue sky 蔚蓝的天空
4.the cloudless sky 无云的天空
5.dim moonlight 月色朦胧
6.a cool and refreshing breeze 凉爽清新的微风
7.be full of dark clouds 乌云密布
8.in the blinding rain 在茫茫大雨中
9.continuous/constant rain 连绵不断的雨
10.in a rainy season 在一个多雨的季节
11.fierce/heavy/violent storms 狂风暴雨
12.rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨
13.a stormy night 暴风雨之夜
14.a cold wind from the north 寒冷的北风
15.be buried in snow 深埋在雪中
16.unbearable heat 难以忍受的热
17.The snow soon melted away.
雪不久就化了。
18.It's pouring/raining really hard.
雨下得很大。
19.The storm is at its height.
暴风雨下得正猛。
20.The rain wetted his clothes.
雨水弄湿了他的衣服。
21.The fog is beginning to lift.
雾开始消散。
22.The dense/thick fog blanketed the field.
浓雾覆盖了田野。
◆自然景色
1.a mountain track 山间小路
2.a dense forest 茂密的森林
3.rough, stony ground 崎岖不平、多石的地面
4.the beauty of nature 大自然的美
5.stars twinkling their eyes 星星眨眼
6.the great sights along the way 沿途的美景
7.the countless stars in the curtain of night 夜幕下无数的星星
8.the night with fresh air and millions of stars 空气清新、满天繁星的夜晚
9.The beautiful scenery is beyond description.
这美丽的景色难以用语言形容。
10.The sky is dotted with stars.
天空中繁星密布。
11.The night closed in.夜幕降临。
12.The sun sank behind the hills.
太阳落山了。
13.The lotus flowers are now in full bloom.
荷花正在盛开。
14.The hills are bathed in the sunlight.
群山沐浴在阳光下。
15.The water glitters in the sunlight.
水面在阳光下闪闪发光。
技法3　描写人物特点
人物特点描写主要包括对人物的语言、动作、神态、心理和外貌等进行描写。在读后续写中,描写人物特点时要选用恰当的词句, 既要突出文章的中心, 也要与人物的个性特点相吻合, 符合事件发展的前后逻辑, 做到前后一致, 使人物的形象更加丰满。
【必备素材】
◆外貌特点
1.delicate looks 眉清目秀
2.rough hands 粗糙的双手
3.a double chin 双下巴
4.tall and strong 又高又壮
5.short and thin 又矮又瘦
6.a pale face 脸色苍白
7.have a good figure 体型好
8.be of medium height 中等身高
9.deep-set brown eyes 深陷的褐色眼睛
10.wear shoulder-length hair 留着齐肩发
11.tie in a pony tail 扎了个马尾辫
12.a girl in rags 一个衣衫褴褛的姑娘
13.a well-built man 一个强壮的男人
14.a weather-worn face 一张饱经风霜的脸
15.a dim figure in the moonlight 月光下一个模糊的人影
16.a middle-aged woman 一位中年女士
17.an accomplished young lady 一位年轻的才女
18.a girl in her early twenties 一个20岁出头的姑娘
◆性格特征
1.a strong-minded person 一个意志坚定的人
2.optimistic and ambitious 乐观并且有抱负的
3.lovely and good-natured personality 可爱善良的个性
4.be equipped with keen insight 具有敏锐的洞察力
5.be ready to help others 乐于助人
6.pleasant personality 性格和善
7.capable and aggressive 有才能且有进取心的
8.a difficult person 不好相处的人
9.easy to get along with 容易相处
10.lack of self-confidence 缺乏自信
11.fashion-minded 思想新潮的
12.kind and considerate 善良体贴的
13.a warm and kind little boy 一个热情而又善良的小男孩
14.an optimistic character 乐观的性格
15.not only very knowledgeable but also very helpful
不但很博学而且还非常乐于助人
◆心理活动
[开心、兴奋、激动]
1.be full of joy 充满欢乐
2.with a light heart 怀着愉快的心情
3.smile with relief 宽慰地笑了
4.break into a smile 突然笑起来
5.with a smile on one's lips 嘴角挂着微笑
6.dance with joy 高兴地跳起舞来
7.take delight in sth 以……为乐
8.be delighted at 对……感到高兴
9.a satisfied look 满意的表情
10.tremble with excitement 激动得颤抖
11.brighten sb's heart 使某人心情愉快
12.flush with excitement 激动得满脸通红
13.be over the moon 欣喜若狂
14.burst into laughter 突然大笑起来
15.jump for joy 高兴地跳起来
16.to one's delight 令某人高兴的是
17.a mixture of excitement and happiness 既兴奋又开心
18.flash a bright smile 绽放出灿烂的笑容
19.yell with delight 乐得大叫
20.in high spirits 情绪高涨
21.in a good mood 心情很好
22.in a cheerful voice 高兴地说
23.wear a shining smile on one's face 脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容
24.go wild with joy at the thought of 一想到……就欣喜若狂
[难过、沮丧、失望]
1.with a heavy heart 怀着沉重的心情
2.with tears in one's eyes 眼里含着泪水
3.be seized by sadness 突然感觉很悲伤
4.weep silently 默默地流泪
5.with tears streaming down one's face 泪流满面
6.feel sad and empty 感到难过和空虚
7.tears blur one's eyes 泪水模糊了视线
8.burst into tears 突然大哭起来
9.tears well up in one's eyes 热泪盈眶
10.close to tears 快要哭了
11.cry one's eyes out 痛哭流涕
12.in low spirits 情绪低落
13.fight back tears 强忍住泪水
14.wipe tears from one's face 擦去脸上的泪水
15.feel disappointed and frustrated 感到失望和沮丧
16.to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
17.a strong sense of loss 强烈的失落感
18.fall into despair 陷入绝望
[愤怒、恐惧、吃惊]
1.be filled with anger 满腔怒火
2.stamp one's feet in anger 气得直跺脚
3.flush with anger 气得脸通红
4.glare at sb angrily 怒视某人
5.mask anger with a smile 用微笑来掩饰愤怒
6.scream in anger 恼怒地大叫起来
7.in panic/terror 惊恐地
8.a feeling of fear 恐惧的感觉
9.feel shocked and ashamed 感到震惊和羞愧
10.His anger boiled over.
他的愤怒爆发了。
11.He could hardly contain his rage.
他几乎控制不住怒火。
12.His voice trembled with anger.
他的声音因愤怒而颤抖。
13.He glared at me with burning eyes.
他用炽热的目光怒视着我。
14.Fear slowly crept over her.
恐惧慢慢向她袭来。
15.Her eyes widened in surprise.
她惊讶地睁大了眼睛。
技法4　叙述故事情节
故事的情节一般包括开端、发展、高潮和结局。因此, 所续写的内容应该能推动情节的发展; 能将前后情节串联, 使情节发展连贯一致; 使行文更紧凑、集中, 使情节更丰富完整; 使故事发展一波三折、波澜起伏, 富有戏剧性; 为下文做铺垫, 层层推进; 照应开头。
【必备素材】
◆肢体动作
1.raise one's head 抬头
2.turn one's head 转过头去
3.hold one's head high 高抬着头
4.hang one's head in shame 羞愧得垂下了头
5.nod/lower/shake one's head 点头/低头/摇头
6.wave one's arm 挥舞手臂
7.raise one's hand 举手
8.tap sb on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀
9.hug sb tightly 紧紧拥抱某人
10.take sb in one's arms 把某人搂进怀里
11.put one's arms around sb 伸出双臂搂着某人
12.head for/to 前往
13.slip into 溜进
14.rush into 冲进
15.struggle out of the bed 挣扎着起床
16.quicken one's pace 加快脚步
17.jump to one's feet 一跃而起
18.pace back and forth 来回踱步
19.drag one's legs 拖着双腿
20.stagger to one's feet 摇摇晃晃地站起来
21.hobble down the stairs 一瘸一拐地走下台阶
22.walk on the street aimlessly 漫无目的地在大街上走着
23.I shook my head and said nothing.
我摇了摇头,什么也没说。
24.He scratched his head and looked thoughtful.
他挠了挠头, 显出一副深思的样子。
25.She asked over her shoulder,“Do you remember me ”
她扭过头问道,“你还记得我吗 ”
26.She was standing beside my bed staring down at me.
她正站在我的床边低头凝视着我。
27.He gave her an encouraging pat on the shoulder.
他轻拍她的肩膀以示鼓励。
28.I struggled out of the bed.
我挣扎着从床上爬起来。
◆感官动作
1.listen attentively 专心地听
2.be all ears 全神贯注地听
3.hear a dog barking 听到狗叫
4.look into sb's eyes 直视某人的眼睛
5.glance at 扫视
6.shout loudly 大声呼喊
7.say with tears 边哭边说
8.speak in a serious voice 严肃地说
9.ask with curiosity 好奇地问
10.talk to oneself 自言自语
11.read one's mind 看出某人的心思
12.look at me with a smile 微笑着看着我
13.look me up and down 上下打量着我
14.be lost in/absorbed in/buried in thought 陷入沉思
15.She began to hear her own nervous breathing.
她开始听到自己紧张的呼吸声。
◆日常活动
1.race home 快跑回家
2.pick up the phone 拿起电话
3.set off for school 启程去学校
4.tidy the room 整理房间
5.head for the station 朝车站走去
6.run after a rabbit 追赶一只兔子
7.run away from the spot 从现场逃跑
8.wander into the woods 漫步向树林里走去
9.carry water and plant trees 提水种树
10.walk along the path 沿着小路散步
11.catch up with the class 赶上同学们
12.go straight to the garden 径直朝花园走去
13.block one's way 挡路
14.put out forest fires 扑灭森林大火
15.lean against sb's shoulder 靠着某人的肩膀
16.get along well with others 与别人相处融洽
17.He gazed up at the sky silently.他静静地凝视着天空。
技法5　阐述结局, 升华主旨
读后续写的结尾方式主要有首尾呼应、主题升华、画面定格、对话收尾和结尾留白等。
【必备素材】
◆阐述故事的结局
1.feel a sense of warmth 感觉到了温暖
2.remain fresh in one's memory 记忆犹新
3.a truly memorable experience 一次真正难忘的经历
4.treasure the happy moment 珍惜这段快乐时光
5.lead to a brand-new future 通往一个崭新的未来
6.live in my heart forever 永远活在我的心中
7.be received with much appreciation 深受赞扬
8.an enchanting mental and physical business 一件有益身心的事情
9.recall the sweet moment of one's high school life 回忆高中生活的美好时刻
10.as if a great weight had been lifted from sb 某人好像卸掉了一个沉重的包袱
11.have no choice but to tell him the truth 别无选择,只能告诉他真相
12.be bathed in the atmosphere of confidence 沉浸在自信的气氛中
13.a trip that we'd remember forever 我们永远记住的一次旅行
14.achieve the dream of living in the countryside 实现了居住在乡村的梦想
15.brighten our lives and keep our dreams colourful 点亮我们的生活,让我们的梦想丰富多彩
◆升华故事的主旨
[人生感悟]
1.understand the meaning of life 理解生命的意义
2.the most valuable thing in the world 世界上最有价值的东西
3.the thing I valued most in my life 我一生中最珍视的东西
4.gain a better understanding of life 对生活有了更好的理解
5.enable us to understand each other better 使我们能更好地相互理解
6.find the significance of the race 发现比赛的真正意义
7.realise the real meaning of success 意识到成功的真正含义
8.It is never too late to learn.
活到老, 学到老。
9.Constant dripping water wears through the rock.
水滴石穿。
10.From small beginnings come great things.
伟大始于渺小。
11.Never judge people by their appearance.
永远不要以貌取人。
12.We should enjoy every moment and never escape challenges.
我们应该享受每一刻, 永远不要逃避挑战。
[助人为乐]
1.Helping others is a pleasure.
帮助别人是一件快乐的事。
2.Helping others is helping ourselves.
帮助别人就是帮助我们自己。
3.Helping others to realise their dreams gave me more pleasure.
帮助别人实现他们的梦想让我感觉更快乐。
4.Sometimes, a small act of kindness may be powerful enough to make a huge difference.
有时候, 一个小小的善行可能足以带来巨大的变化。
5.Sometimes, a small gesture of care will possibly melt people's loneliness.
有时候, 一个表达关爱的小举动也可能融化人们的孤独。
6.Then he drove the car away without even sharing his name.
然后他把车开走了, 甚至没有说出他的名字。
7.This kind act has a lasting influence on me. I always give others a helping hand if possible, even so many years later.
这种善意的行为对我产生了持久的影响。即使这么多年以后, 我总是尽可能地帮助别人。
8.She felt warmth in the cold day, and believed there was kindness in every corner.
她在寒冷的天气里感到了温暖, 相信每个角落都有善意。
[人际关系]
1.He's looking for love and he's looking for family; He's looking forward to being accepted and he's looking forward to being embraced by his father.
他一直在寻找爱, 寻找家人。他渴望被接受, 他期待能得到父亲的拥抱。
2.If you take your friends for granted, you may not have friendships for very long.
如果你把朋友视为理所当然, 那你也许不会有长久的友情。
3.I was fortunate in having a good teacher.
我很幸运, 有位好老师。
4.Honestly, I have fallen deeply in love with teaching and getting along with teenagers.
说实话,我已经深深地爱上了教学,以及和青少年相处。
[追寻梦想]
1.The world makes way for the person who has a dream.
世界会给有梦想的人让路。
2.Each man is the architect of his own fate.
每个人都是自己命运的建筑师。
3.Life is full of smiles and tears.
生活充满了微笑和泪水。
4.He knew no such word as failure.
他不知道有失败这样的字眼。
5.He knew if he had had a little more patience he would have succeeded earlier.
他知道如果他再耐心一点, 他早就成功了。
6.He was delighted that it helped him realise one requires more patience in any task being accomplished.
他很高兴, 这帮助他意识到一个人在完成任何任务时都需要更多的耐心。
7.As long as you have a dream, just go for it, and never give it up easily. Your dream might not come true in one or two days, but it will someday.
只要你有梦想, 就去追求, 不要轻易放弃。你的梦想可能不会在一两天内实现, 但总有一天会实现的。
8.Each individual has the right to accept more challenges and make more attempts.
每个人都有权利接受更多的挑战, 做出更多的尝试。
No.4　真题实战 经典对练
拿高分
Group 1
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route(路线) through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn't with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
What was wrong He had worked so hard for this event!
I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustration(懊恼). I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer—that's all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me. Tapping him gently on the shoulder, I asked David what had caused him to decide to give up the opportunity. Having hesitated for a moment, he replied in a low voice, “You know, I run very slowly and my running posture is ugly, which will result in others laughing at me.” I smiled, shook my head and said, “That's just your supposition. As a matter of fact, all the people respect and admire those who overcome their own difficulties and bravely achieve their goals.” “Really ” He seemed to be in doubt about my words. Seeing me nod firmly, he wore his big toothy smile again, his eyes sparkling with excitement and curiosity.
参考答案
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. As soon as the starting gun went off, the children began to run. After a while, David became the last in the team, as we had expected. However, David seemed calm, firm and persistent. During the whole cross-country race, nobody teased him. On the contrary, when he finally reached the finish line, all the people present cheered for him. It was David's strong determination and perseverance that helped him become a popular person.
Group 2
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest, I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did.
So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail His reply:“Because I love your stories. If you're willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.”Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
I chose Paul Revere's horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith(银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18,1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse's mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny, and unlikely to be anyone else's choice.
What did the horse think, as sped through the night Did he get tired Have doubts Did he want to quit I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere's horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half-dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them.
When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn't win. I wouldn't care.
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.
I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation.
参考答案
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. To my delight, I won first place. My teacher was very delighted, and my classmates stared at me in disbelief. The following week, the winners met with the head of the sponsoring organization. We were standing in the office waiting for the presentation when a woman came in, whispering something to him. Then he cleared his throat and explained that there had been an embarrassing mistake. I was now the second-place winner.
I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation. Tears in eyes, I expressed my doubts. Our entries were anonymous. How could she have known which child had won what My teacher comforted me and told me that winning was not important, but what mattered was that I took the first step and should keep going. From that day on, I got a taste for writing. I learned to respect a writer's labor and perseverance. And — despite the challenges of writing disabilities and English as a second language—I never stopped writing.
Group 3
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.
Mrs Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.
One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy—his name was Bernard—had interested her very much.
“I wish you could see him,” she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara.“He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do.”
After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard.“I wish we could help him to earn money,”said Clara.“His family is suffering so much.”
“So do I,” said Harry.“We really should do something to assist them.”
For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried,“I have a great idea!I have a solution that we can all help accomplish(完成).”
The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one.“I tell you what we can do,” said John.“You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us Well, we can make popcorn(爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.”
When Mrs Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too.
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.
When Mrs Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too. Very soon, the children were busy popping the corn, while their mother went out to buy the paper bags. When she came back, she brought Bernard with her. Bernard was very glad to join in the work and said,“So good an idea! I'll try right now.”They worked together until all the corn they prepared was all popped, the paper bags filled and arranged in the basket.
参考答案
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. Much sooner than expected, he returned with an empty basket. He had never earned so much money before in his life. For many weeks, the Meredith family continued to offer popcorn to Bernard. People began to watch for the “little popcorn boy”, and every week he had at least fifty cents, a significant income for him and his family, to take home. All of this was thanks to the good idea that John came up with.
Group 4
(2020·浙江卷改编)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
One fall, my wife Elli and I had a single goal: to photograph polar bears. We were staying at a research camp outside “the polar bear capital of the world”—the town of Churchill in Manitoba, Canada.
Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous. Polar bears—like all wild animals—should be photographed from a safe distance. When I'm face to face with a polar bear, I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens. But sometimes, that is easier said than done. This was one of those times.
As Elli and I cooked dinner, a young male polar bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed, and smelled our garlic bread.
The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence. He pulled and bit the wire. He stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden fence posts.
Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew. We yelled at the bear, hit pots hard, and fired blank shotgun shells into the air. Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off. Not this polar bear though—he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws(爪子).
I radioed the camp manager for help. He told me a helicopter was on its way, but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived. Making the best of this close encounter(相遇), I took some pictures of the bear.
Elli and I feared the fence wouldn't last through 30 more minutes of the bear's punishment. The camp manager suggested I use pepper spray. The spray burns the bears' eyes, but doesn't hurt them. So I approached our uninvited guest slowly and, through the fence, sprayed him in the face. With an angry roar(吼叫), the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes.
A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp.
At that very moment, the helicopter arrived.
A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp.Then we realized that the spray had only angered him even more, for he seemed much fiercer this time and violently pushed the fence like mad. My heart raced wildly, not knowing what to do. At this critical moment, Elli grabbed several pieces of garlic bread and threw them over the fence. It worked! The bear stopped the attack and ran to the bread. But it wasn't long before he ate up all the bread and came back again.
参考答案
At that very moment, the helicopter arrived.“Thank goodness, we are saved!” Elli cried out. Once the helicopter landed. we got onto it in no time, excited and relieved. When we were safe on the helicopter up in the air, I was amazed to spot that the bear had finally torn down the fence and ran towards the food we left behind. I quickly took out the camera and photographed the rare scene—we were robbed by a polar bear!
Group 5
(2020·1月浙江卷改编)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
“I'm going to miss you so much, Poppy,” said the tall, thin teenager. He bent down to hug his old friend goodbye. He stood up, hugged his parents, and smiled, trying not to let his emotions(情绪)get the better of him.
His parents were not quite able to keep theirs under control. They had driven their son several hours out of town to the university where he would soon be living and studying. It was time to say goodbye for now at least. The family hugged and smiled through misty eyes and then laughed.
The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder,and flashed a bright smile.“I guess this is it,” he said.“I'll see you back home in a month,okay ” His parents nodded, and they watched as he walked out of sight into the crowds of hundreds of students and parents. The boy's mother turned to the dog,“Okay, Poppy, time to go back home.”
The house seemed quiet as a tomb without the boy living there. All that week, Poppy didn't seem interested in her dinner, her favorite toy, or even in her daily walk. Her owners were sad too, but they knew their son would be back to visit. Poppy didn't.
They offered the dog some of her favorite peanut butter treats. They even let her sit on the sofa, but the old girl just wasn't her usual cheerful self. Her owners started to get worried.“What should we do to cheer Poppy up ” asked Dad.“We've tried everything.”
“I have an idea, but it might be a little crazy,” smiled Mom.“Without anybody left in the house but us, this place could use a bit of fun. Let's get a little dog for Poppy.”
It didn't take long before they walked through the front door carrying a big box. Poppy welcomed them home as usual, but when she saw the box, she stopped. She put her nose on it. Her tail began wagging(摆动)ever so slowly, then faster as she caught the smell.
Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared.
A few weeks later, the boy arrived home from university.
Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared. Then out of the box jumped a small mass of golden furry thing, shouting loudly and joyfully, as if he was asking why he couldn't see the sunshine for such a long time. Finding that she had a playmate again, Poppy was amazed. She appreciated her new little playmate, barking gently, walking slowly around it and wagging her tail cheerfully and constantly.“I don't have to be lonely any more!” thought Poppy to herself with satisfaction.“But if only my master were at home!”
参考答案
A few weeks later, the boy arrived home from university. He had missed Poppy and was looking forward to seeing her. Upon arriving at the door of his home, he was surprised to discover that it was two dogs that were greeting him, the old dog giving him a big hug and licking him while the little dog watching him curiously with the expression of shock on its face. “Who is he ” he asked. His parents laughed at the look on his face. “That's Pee-wee,” said Dad. Then the boy said,“I can't believe you got yourselves a puppy.” “We didn't,” replied Mom.“This puppy is for Poppy.”