北京师范大学附属中学平谷第一分校2023-2024学年度第一学期
高三年级英语学科期中试卷
共100分，考试时长90分钟
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Take an Option
Jerry was a natural motivator. He was always in a good mood and always had something ____1____ to say, which really made me curious. One day I went up to ask him how he did that. “Well, life is all about ____2____. It’s your option how you live your life,” Jerry replied.
Soon I moved to another city. Several months later, I heard that Jerry was seriously injured in the chest while skiing. ____3____, he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital. After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, he was ____4____ from the hospital.
Later, when we met again, I asked Jerry what had ____5____ his mind during the accident. “As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die. I chose to live,” Jerry said. “The paramedics (急救人员) were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they ____6____ me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors, I got really ____7____. In their eyes, I read, ‘He’s a dead man.’ I knew I needed to take action. I told them, ‘Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.’ You see, I just tried to ____8____ their confidence.” Finally Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing ____9____ to live.
Jerry has taught me a lot. I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. Your ____10____, after all, is everything.
1. A. regular B. familiar C. positive D. typical
2. A. choices B. trends C. relations D. secrets
3. A. Normally B. Obviously C. Hopefully D. Luckily
4. A. preserved B. released C. distinguished D. abandoned
5. A. gone through B. put up C. turned in D. called for
6. A. forced B. followed C. wheeled D. recommended
7 A. bored B. frightened C. confused D. embarrassed
8. A. express B. share C. gain D. inspire
9. A. talent B. achievement C. desire D. evidence
10. A. attitude B. standard C. ability D. control
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。“我”的朋友杰瑞总是很积极乐观，在一次事故中，杰瑞凭借强烈的求生欲望活了下来并且恢复了健康。“我”从杰瑞身上学到一个道理：选择和态度决定一切。
【1题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：他总是心情很好，总是说一些积极的话，这真的让我很好奇。A.regular规律的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.positive积极的；D.typical典型的。根据“He was always in a good mood”可知，此处是指总是说一些积极的话。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：生活就是选择。A.choices选择；B.trends趋势；C.relations关系；D.secrets秘密。根据“It’s your option how you live your life”（如何生活是你自己的选择）可知，此处是指生活就是选择。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：幸运的是，他很快被发现并送往医院。A.Normally正常地；B.Obviously明显地；C.Hopefully有希望地；D.Luckily幸运地。根据“he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital”可知，这件事很幸运。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：经过8个小时的手术和数周的精心护理，他出院了。A.preserved保存；B.released释放；C.distinguished区分；D.abandoned抛弃。根据“After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care”可知，此处是指他出院了。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，当我们再次见面时，我问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。A.gone through通过；B.put up张贴；C.turned in交上；D.called for要求。根据“As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die.”（当我躺在雪地上时，我知道我有两种选择：一种是活下去，另一种是死。）可知，此处是指 “我”问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室的时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.forced强迫；B.followed跟随；C.wheeled用车推；D.recommended推荐。根据“into the emergency room”可知，此处是指用病床推病人进急诊室。故选C。
【7题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.bored无聊的；B.frightened害怕的；C.confused困惑的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据“He’s a dead man.”（他是个死人）可知，当看到了医生们脸上的表情，“我”真的吓坏了。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我只是想激发他们的信心。A.express表达；B.share分享；C.gain获得；D.inspire激发。根据“Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指激发他们的信心。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：最后，杰瑞活了下来，这要感谢他的医生的医术，但也因为他惊人的求生欲望。A.talent天赋；B.achievement成就；C.desire欲望；D.evidence证据。根据“Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指他的求生欲望。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：毕竟，你的态度决定一切。A.attitude态度；B.standard标准；C.ability能力；D.control控制。根据“I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. ”（我从他那里学到了每一天我们都可以选择活得充实。）可知，选择很重要，态度很重要。故选A。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A London Marathon runner saw a competitor who needed help. The competitor had fallen to the ground, so he ____11____ (pick) him up. When he fell down again, he decided to support him to the finish line 200 metres away. Matthew, the runner who ____12____ (selfless) helped his competitor, became famous on the Internet. The two runners became friends and ____13____ (meet) at next year's London Marathon, hopefully.
【答案】11. picked
12. selflessly
13. will meet
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是马拉松选手马修在比赛中帮助竞争对手，并和对手成为了好朋友。
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意：竞争者摔倒在地上，所以他把他扶了起来。通篇时态一般过去时，空格处用过去式picked，故填picked。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：马修，那个无私地帮助他的竞争对手的赛跑者，在互联网上出名了。空格处用副词修饰动词helped，selfless的副词是selflessly，意为“无私地”，故填selflessly。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：这两位选手成为了朋友，并有望在明年的伦敦马拉松比赛上相遇。由next year's可知，句子用一般将来时，因此空格处是will meet，故填will meet。
B
阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Depop is a shopping app which young people use to buy and sell ____14____ (use) clothes. More than 30 million people from 150 countries use the app, and some experts believe that Depop will have a big impact on global clothes companies. One of the people ____15____ sell clothes on Depop is 20-year-old Moira Campos. She has about 40, 000 followers and ____16____ (sell) clothes online is her job. Moira and her brother buy old clothes, take photos of them, and then sell them. Young people like sustainable shopping ____17____ it is better for the planet.
【答案】14. used
15. who##that
16. selling
17. because
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了小程序Depop深受年轻人喜欢，他们可以在上面买卖旧衣服。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：Depop是一个年轻人用来买卖旧衣服的购物应用程序。分析句子可知，提示词在句中作定语，修饰名词clothes，应使用其形容词形式used，表示“用过的，旧的”。故填used。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：20岁的Moira Campos是在Depop上卖衣服的人之一。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who或that引导该定语从句。故填who/that。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她有大约4万名粉丝，在网上卖衣服是她的工作。分析句子可知，“(sell) clothes online”是句子主语，应用动名词selling作主语。故填selling。
【17题详解】
考查连词。句意：年轻人喜欢可持续购物，因为这对地球更好。根据句意可知，“it is better for the planet”是“Young people like sustainable shopping”是原因，所以用从属连词because引导原因状语从句。故填because。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Discovering yourself plays an important role in inspiring your confidence. By doing so, you could know ___18___ you are weak in. And you may also realize you’re quite a great person ___19___ great strengths. So when you’re in a hard situation, you will believe in yourself and spend the most difficult time with confidence. Otherwise, you may give up and then lose everything. Therefore, the ability ___20___ (trust) yourself will decide your future a lot.
【答案】18. what
19. with 20. to trust
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍发现自我可以激发自信心，让我们能充满自信地度过艰难时刻。
【18题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：通过这样做，你可以知道你弱点是什么。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
【19题详解】
考查介词。句意：你可能也会意识到你是一个非常优秀的人，有很多优点。表示“具有”应用介词with。故填with。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，相信自己的能力将在很大程度上决定你的未来。修饰名词ability需用动词不定式to trust，作后置定语。故填to trust。
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Occasions like anniversaries weddings and reunions call for special event venues （场地）.The following places may have a way out. There's no need to spend money creating atmosphere at special event venues. It's built right in!
Hard Rock Cafe Anchorage
415 E. STREET, ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501
Events, like great music are born of inspiration. Featuring a 13,600-square-foot facility that will seat 275 guests with private event space, we pride ourselves on delivering an exceptional experience with a rock and roll twist for each of our guests.
Business Expo Center
1960 S. ANAHEIM WAY, ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA 92805
The Business Expo Center is Orange County's premier event venue in Anaheim, California. Our flexible 36,000-square-foot expo center is home to space for conferences, trade shows and celebrations. We pride ourselves on providing a memorable experience with excellent flexibility, services, and cost savings. We won't charge customers for on-site parking and provide high-speed Wi-Fi.
Automobile Driving Museum
610 LAIRPORT STREET, EL SEGUNDO, CALIFORNIA 90245
Centrally located in the South Bay beach community of El Segundo, California, the ADM offers a wonderful venue for private parties and corporate events. Conveniently located 5 minutes south of LAX, right off the 405 and 105 Freeways, the 610 Lairport space has a vintage feel surrounded by our primary automobile collection. We offer several different venues inside and outside our facility for diverse events. To better our service, reservations are needed.
Yamashiro Hollywood
1999 N. SYCAMORE AVE., LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90068
Yamashiro Hollywood is a restaurant and therefore, all food and beverages must be handled in house. However, guests are allowed to bring in outside wine and champagne for a corkage fee.
21. What can you do in Business Expo Center
A. Enjoy free parking.
B. Bring in outside wine.
C. Experience a rock and roll twist.
D. See some automobile collections.
22. Which venue do you need to book in advance
A. Business Expo Center.
B. Yamashiro Hollywood.
C. Hard Rock Cafe Anchorage.
D. Automobile Driving Museum.
23. What do the four venues have in common
A. They offer optional places.
B. They are open to special events.
C. They are located in the same state.
D. They enjoy convenient transportation.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个适合举办周年纪念日、婚礼和团聚等活动的场所。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Business Expo Center部分中的“We won't charge customers for on-site parking and provide high-speed Wi-Fi.”可知，我们不会向客户收取现场停车费，并且会提供高速Wi-Fi，由此可知，在商务会展中心你可以享受免费停车，故A项正确。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Automobile Driving Museum部分中的“To better our service, reservations are needed.”可知，为了让您获得更好的服务，需要预订，由此可知，汽车驾驶博物馆需要提前预订，故D项正确。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Occasions like anniversaries, weddings and reunions call for special event venues. The following places may have a way out.”可知，像周年纪念日、婚礼和聚会这样的场合需要特殊的活动场所，以下地方就是这样的场所，由此可知，这四个场馆的共同之处是它们都对对特殊活动开放，故B项正确。
B
The Great Book Swap
Hi, sixth graders! My name is Tony Hill. I am president of the Windsor High School Student Council. Your teacher let me come to your class today to tell you about a reading project that we want to do, and we need your help.
If you’re like me, you love to read but sometimes have a hard time finding books you want to read. It seems as if the best books at the library are always checked out. To help get more books into people’s hands, we’re planning the Great Community (社区) Book Swap.
To make the project a success, we need everyone’s help. Ask your parents if there are any unused books taking up space. Ask your friends and neighbours to donate unwanted books. Maybe you have books you liked when you were younger but don’t read anymore. Bring them to school and make a young reader happy. We need all kinds of books for all kinds of readers!
There are many times I’d like to go buy new books, but I don’t have a lot of money to spend on them. Wouldn’t it be great to swap books right here in our community Volunteers will organize the donated books. Then the books will be displayed at the community center. Everyone will be able to read and hopefully find the perfect book. Students will be allowed to choose up to two books during each day of the swap. Our plan is to have the book swap the first Saturday of every month.
If you like reading, just come and look through the collection of books. Each grade will have its own week to bring in books. Right now, eighth grade is bringing in books. When every grade has brought in books, we will have quite a selection. You will probably find at least one new book that you’d like to read. Who knows Maybe you’ll find a book so good that you won’t be able to put it down.
What are you waiting for Go home and clean out your bookshelves and closets!
24. Why did Tony Hill come to the class of sixth graders
A. To explain a reading project.
B. To introduce a newly-built library.
C. To ask the students to help donate books.
D. To give the sixth graders advice on reading.
25. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. How the book swap will work.
B. When books will be brought in.
C. What kinds of books are needed.
D. Why the book swap is necessary.
26. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph indicate
A. More books are needed in the future.
B. Volunteers play an important role in the project.
C. Everyone is sure to be able to find the books he wants.
D. Students have already started helping with the book swap.
27. Which of the following words best describes Tony Hill
A. Realistic. B. Convincing. C. Independent. D. Ambitious.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要是托尼·希尔劝说六年级的学生捐赠图书的演讲，帮助实现一个阅读项目。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“My name is Tony Hill. I am president of the Windsor High School Student Council. Your teacher let me come to your class today to tell you about a reading project that we want to do, and we need your help.(我叫托尼·希尔。我是温莎高中学生会主席。你们的老师让我今天来你们班告诉你们一个我们想做的阅读项目，我们需要你们的帮助。)”可知，托尼·希尔来到六年级的课堂是为了要求学生帮助捐赠书籍。故选C。
【25题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Volunteers will organize the donated books. Then the books will be displayed at the community center. Everyone will be able to read and hopefully find the perfect book. Students will be allowed to choose up to two books during each day of the swap. Our plan is to have the book swap the first Saturday of every month.(志愿者将整理捐赠的图书。然后这些书将在社区中心展出。每个人都将能够阅读，并希望找到完美的书。学生将被允许在每天的交换中选择最多两本书。我们的计划是在每个月的第一个星期六进行图书交换。)”可知，第四段主要介绍了图书交换是如何进行的。故选A。
【26题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文“If you like reading, just come and look through the collection of books. Each grade will have its own week to bring in books.(如果你喜欢读书，就来看看我们的藏书吧。每个年级都有自己的一周来带书。)”可知，划线句子表明学生们已经开始帮助交换图书了。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What are you waiting for Go home and clean out your bookshelves and closets!(你还在等什么？回家把你的书架和壁橱清理干净！)”可知，Tony Hill来劝同学们捐赠书籍，因此他是一个又说服力的人。故选B。
C
NASA’s spacecraft Dart hit an asteroid (小行星) 11.3 million kilometers away at a speed, changing the asteroid’s orbit and lowered its cycle period by 15 minutes, the space organization announced on Monday.
Some said the move shows the world might now be able to prevent asteroids—the kind that made the dinosaurs extinct—from hitting the Earth. The asteroid that was controlled belonged to a double-asteroid system. It had a 160-meter diameter while the other asteroid’s diameter is over 500 meters. The bigger asteroid can be compared to the one that ended the dinosaur era 67 million years ago. A hit from an asteroid that size can cause unimaginable destruction.
However, it is too early to assert that the world has gained the ability to prevent asteroids from hitting us. The asteroid that was controlled was only 160 meters in size. Its cycle period was changed, without changing its orbit significantly. It is still not clear if the orbit of a much larger asteroid headed toward the Earth can be changed successfully.
In brief, NASA’s success in changing the course of a harmful asteroid is definitely praiseworthy, but much more needs to be done before we can say the world’s security from some unpredictable asteroid is guaranteed.
It should be noted that changing the orbit of an asteroid involves more than just sending an object into space and commanding it to hit the asteroid. While it is hard enough to hit an asteroid, it is even more difficult to lock onto one in the first place. It means having the ability to observe approaching asteroids, measuring their respective speeds, and deciding which ones might pose a danger to the Earth.
Therefore, there’s more to Dart hitting the asteroid than meets the eye. And these are key areas where global scientists need to work harder in the future.
28. What was the latest news about NASA
A. Its new program failed.
B. Its manned spaceship hit an asteroid.
C. Its spacecraft changed an asteroid’s orbit.
D. Its spacecraft saved the earth from being destroyed.
29. What can we learn about the asteroid that was hit
A. It was comparatively small in size.
B. Its orbit was changed significantly.
C. It travelled at a higher speed than before.
D. It was powerful enough to end dinosaur era.
30. What is the author’s attitude toward using spacecrafts to change the asteroids orbits
A. Neutral. B. Optimistic. C. Pessimistic. D. Not mentioned.
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了美国航天局的宇宙飞船击中了小行星，并改变了其运动轨道。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“NASA’s spacecraft Dart hit an asteroid (小行星) 11.3 million kilometers away at a speed, changing the asteroid’s orbit and lowered its cycle period by I5 minutes, the space organization announced on Monday. (国际空间组于周一宣布，美国航天局宇宙飞船Dart以极快的速度击中了1130公里以外的一颗小行星，改变了它的轨道并且缩短了它的周期)”可知，飞船由于撞击小行星，改变了小行星的运行轨道和周期。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The asteroid that was controlled was only 160 meters in size. Its cycle period was changed, without changing its orbit significantly. It is still not clear if the orbit of a much larger asteroid headed toward the Earth can be changed successfully.(被控制的小行星只有160米大。它的周期改变了，但轨道没有明显改变。目前还不清楚一颗更大的小行星朝向地球的轨道能否成功改变)”可推知，相对来说，这颗小行星比较小。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“In brief, NASA’s success in changing the course of a harmful asteroid is definitely praiseworthy, but much more needs to be done before we can say the world’s security from some unpredictable asteroid is guaranteed.(简而言之，NASA成功地改变了一颗有害小行星的运行轨迹，这无疑是值得称赞的，但我们还需要做更多的工作，才能保证世界免受一些不可预测的小行星的威胁)”可推知，作者对于太空飞船改变小行星轨道是赞赏的态度。故选B。
D
Don’t put it off, do it now!
Why do we spend so much time not doing the work we should do, or putting off small jobs that have piled up to create a big problem Procrastinating, as putting things off like this is called, is in our character we have naturally since birth; we avoid dull or difficult jobs until it’s too late to do anything else.
“We often put things off although we know it will make life more stressful,” says Dr. Steel, an authority on the science of motivation. “If these tasks were fun, we’d just do them now. We put off what is difficult or unpleasant, such as the paperwork that needs doing before leaving the office or cleaning the bits of your home that people can’t see. But the fact is, the less people procrastinate, the more money they have, the better relationships they have, and the healthier they are.” This is obvious when you look at the couples who don’t argue about whether anyone has cleaned the kitchen, and the people who simply go for a run instead of endlessly rescheduling it in their heads.
Of course, there are the rest of us, who feel the small jobs piling up around us daily. “We’ve evolved to respond to the moment, and not to set our sights too far in an uncertain world,” Dr. Steel adds. “We are not set up to appreciate long-term rewards, whether it’s the benefit of a four-year degree, doing exercise or dieting. We usually feel the cost now and the reward comes much later.” According to Dr. Steel, we have two decision-making systems. They are the limbic, which is responsible for the short term, and the prefrontal cortex, which deals with the future. We bounce between long-term goals and short-term temptations, so we need goals that will translate our plans for the limbic system.
Let’s take the example of students’ writing essays. They should set themselves targets and word counts per day. These are thus turned from seemingly endless tasks into something concrete with measured progress. Dr. Steel recommends such techniques, or “pre-commitments”, adding that leaving you a month before the “deadline” makes it more likely a task will be completed. The benefit is that you’ll avoid the embarrassment of not following up on something people are expecting you to do—telling everyone you are going to take up jogging makes you more likely to do so.
Overcoming procrastination finally comes down to planning, which, if you’re not careful, becomes procrastination in itself. But it is worth making sure you have everything in place. “Successful people don’t pretend they don’t procrastinate,” Dr. Steel says. “People who pretend they have willpower are less successful.” Instead, plan for procrastination: make your work environment a temple of productivity by cutting out what stops you paying your attention, so you can really focus on moving forward.
31. What does the author say about procrastination in Paragraph 1
A. It is something many people can’t help.
B. It is an excuse people often use in public.
C. It is caused by the technology in people’s life.
D. It is more common when people have small jobs to do.
32. In paragraph 3, Dr. Steel believes that people who procrastinate should ______.
A. attempt to overcome their natural tendencies
B. take the advice of others in the same situation
C. be aware that their problem is relatively small
D. find out more about the way they make decisions
33. Why does Dr. Steel recommend making “pre-commitments” in Paragraph 4
A. They are an alternative to impossible goals.
B. They make challenges feel more manageable.
C. They are an effective way of impressing others.
D. They allow people to achieve their aims sooner.
34. What does the author do by saying the underlined sentence
A. Encourage the reader to develop plans effectively.
B. Advise the reader to deal with complex tasks quickly.
C. Warn the reader against spending too long getting organized.
D. Remind the reader to take the time to focus properly on a task.
【答案】31. A 32. A 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【分析】本文属于议论文，主要介绍拖延症的影响以及处理拖延症需要注意的事项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段Procrastinating, as putting things off like this is called, is in our character we have naturally since birth; we avoid dull or difficult jobs until it’s too late to do anything else.可知，拖延症是我们出生就在我们的性格里面的东西，我们逃避一些枯燥或者困难的事情直到太晚而什么都做不了，故可知，拖延症是很多人无法摆脱的，因为天生就有，故选A.
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“We’ve evolved to respond to the moment, and not to set our sights too far in an uncertain world,” Dr. Steel adds.可知，我们进化为对当下的东西做出反应，而对未来的没有前瞻性，故可知，要克服拖延症，还必须要克服天性，故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段These are thus turned from seemingly endless tasks into something concrete with measured progress. Dr. Steel recommends such techniques, or “pre-commitments”, adding that leaving you a month before the “deadline” makes it more likely a task will be completed.可知，pre-commitments就是把一些似乎无尽的任务转换成一些可以量化进步的具体事务，在截止日期前给自己一个月的时间让任务完成得可能性更高，故可知，pre-commitments会让自己的要做的事情更可控，故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。本句意思为，最终解决拖延症落实到了计划，但是如果不小心，计划本身就会成为拖延症的一种表现，故可知，要计划，计划之后要立即落实，故作者说这句话的意义在于警告计划不能太拖延，故选C。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. ____35____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. ____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
【答案】35. D 36. F 37. G 38. B 39. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
【35题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
【36题详解】
根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
【37题详解】
空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
【38题详解】
根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。
【点睛】
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，32分)
第一节(共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分, 第 42 题 3 分, 第 43 题 5 分, 共 12 分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Finding and keeping friends is a skill that can take some time to develop.
From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist. “They become better at imagining someone else’s perspective and this stimulates more intimate (亲密的) friendships.”
Children often have a practical view of friendship, forming close bonds with peers in the playground or classroom, says Kennedy-Moore. “It is a ‘love the one you’re with’ approach.”
“The thing that kids have as an advantage over adults is that they are in the room with 25 others in their stage of life,” she says. “In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance (相识的人) to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection.
Psychologists say best friendships can help children prepare for close relationships, including romantic ones, as they grow up.
“Best friendship is really like falling in love, “says Kennedy-Moore.
“Close friendships in childhood help kids practice the skills they need in intimate relationships throughout their lives. They learn about other people, and about themselves, to deal with feelings like envy, loneliness, and sadness.”
“If children don’t talk about friends at home, it doesn’t mean they don’t have any,” she says, adding that this may because they prefer a quieter style of interacting with others.
Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.”
40. What capacity do children develop from about the age of four according to Kennedy-Moore
41. What is the disadvantage for adults to develop friendships compared with children
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
43. List some other ways you usually use to develop or maintain your friendship.(In about 40 words)
【答案】40. Children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs.
41. It takes thoughtful effort more time to find and develop friendships.
42. Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
According to the passage, parents should encourage their children to watch and slide into the action without interrupting instead of correcting them from time to time.
43. I will directly tell my friends that I want to talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen to them carefully. Most importantly, I will let them know that I am trustworthy and that we can become closer friends.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了发展和维持友谊是一项需要时间培养的技能，童年时期的亲密友谊有助于孩子的成长，家长可以采取方式帮助孩子建立友谊。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist.(从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受。临床心理学家艾琳·肯尼迪·摩尔说，这种被称为心理理论的新兴能力有助于儿童交朋友)”可知，从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受，故答案为Children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段““In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection.(“成年后，寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力。”根据一项研究，成年人必须在一起50个小时左右，才能从单纯的熟人变成普通朋友；在一起90个小时后，才能把彼此视为朋友；在一起200个小时以上，才能成为拥有共同情感的亲密朋友)”可知，与儿童相比，成年人发展友谊的劣势是成年人寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力，故答案为It takes thoughtful effort more time to find and develop friendships.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.”(家长可以在校外组织有趣的聚会，帮助孩子建立友谊。“方法是：观察然后参与。”肯尼迪·摩尔说。“家长应该教孩子观察其他孩子在做什么，然后鼓励他们在不打断的情况下投入到行动中。”)”可知，父母应该鼓励他们的孩子观看并在不打断的情况下进入动作，而不是时不时地纠正他们，故答案为Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
According to the passage, parents should encourage their children to watch and slide into the action without interrupting instead of correcting them from time to time.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。我会采取这样的方式来发展或维持友谊：我会直接告诉我的朋友，我想和他们谈谈，花时间和他们在一起。此外，当他们说话时，我会仔细听他们说话。最重要的是，我会让他们知道我是值得信赖的，我们可以成为更亲密的朋友。故答案为I will directly tell my friends that I want to talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen to them carefully. Most importantly, I will let them know that I am trustworthy and that we can become closer friends.
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校组织了主题为“爱阅读，爱思考”的系列读书活动。请你用英文给英国笔友Jim 写一封邮件，向他介绍该活动。内容包括：
1. 活动目的及形式;
2. 个人收获及后续计划。
注意：1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How are you doing I am writing to tell you about some details about the activity “Love reading, Love thinking” organized by my school, Red Star High School.
The purpose of this activity is to encourage students to develop the habit of reading and to enhance our critical thinking abilities. The activities include book sharing sessions, reading contests, book reviews, and discussions on various topics related to literature.
Personally, I find this activity very meaningful and inspiring. I have found that it has broadened my horizons, enriched my knowledge and stimulated my interest in reading. After the activity, I plan to continue to read widely and to share my insights with my classmates.
I would love to hear your thoughts on this. Looking forward to your reply.
Best regards,
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim介绍学校组织的主题为“爱阅读，爱思考”的系列读书活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
活动：activity→event
鼓励：encourage→inspire
提高：enhance→improve
各种各样的：various→a variety of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am writing to tell you about some details about the activity “Love reading, Love thinking” organized by my school, Red Star High School.
拓展句：I am writing to tell you about some details about the activity “Love reading, Love thinking” which was organized by my school, Red Star High School.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to tell you about some details about the activity “Love reading, Love thinking” organized by my school, Red Star High School.(运用了过去分词作后置定语）
【高分句型2】I have found that it has broadened my horizons, enriched my knowledge and stimulated my interest in reading.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)北京师范大学附属中学平谷第一分校2023-2024学年度第一学期
高三年级英语学科期中试卷
共100分，考试时长90分钟
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Take an Option
Jerry was a natural motivator. He was always in a good mood and always had something ____1____ to say, which really made me curious. One day I went up to ask him how he did that. “Well, life is all about ____2____. It’s your option how you live your life,” Jerry replied.
Soon I moved to another city. Several months later, I heard that Jerry was seriously injured in the chest while skiing. ____3____, he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital. After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, he was ____4____ from the hospital.
Later, when we met again, I asked Jerry what had ____5____ his mind during the accident. “As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die. I chose to live,” Jerry said. “The paramedics (急救人员) were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they ____6____ me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors, I got really ____7____. In their eyes, I read, ‘He’s a dead man.’ I knew I needed to take action. I told them, ‘Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.’ You see, I just tried to ____8____ their confidence.” Finally Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing ____9____ to live.
Jerry has taught me a lot. I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. Your ____10____, after all, is everything.
1. A. regular B. familiar C. positive D. typical
2. A. choices B. trends C. relations D. secrets
3. A. Normally B. Obviously C. Hopefully D. Luckily
4. A. preserved B. released C. distinguished D. abandoned
5. A. gone through B. put up C. turned in D. called for
6 A. forced B. followed C. wheeled D. recommended
7. A. bored B. frightened C. confused D. embarrassed
8. A. express B. share C. gain D. inspire
9. A. talent B. achievement C. desire D. evidence
10. A. attitude B. standard C. ability D. control
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A London Marathon runner saw a competitor who needed help. The competitor had fallen to the ground, so he ____11____ (pick) him up. When he fell down again, he decided to support him to the finish line 200 metres away. Matthew, the runner who ____12____ (selfless) helped his competitor, became famous on the Internet. The two runners became friends and ____13____ (meet) at next year's London Marathon, hopefully.
B
阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Depop is a shopping app which young people use to buy and sell ____14____ (use) clothes. More than 30 million people from 150 countries use the app, and some experts believe that Depop will have a big impact on global clothes companies. One of the people ____15____ sell clothes on Depop is 20-year-old Moira Campos. She has about 40, 000 followers and ____16____ (sell) clothes online is her job. Moira and her brother buy old clothes, take photos of them, and then sell them. Young people like sustainable shopping ____17____ it is better for the planet.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Discovering yourself plays an important role in inspiring your confidence. By doing so, you could know ___18___ you are weak in. And you may also realize you’re quite a great person ___19___ great strengths. So when you’re in a hard situation, you will believe in yourself and spend the most difficult time with confidence. Otherwise, you may give up and then lose everything. Therefore, the ability ___20___ (trust) yourself will decide your future a lot.
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Occasions like anniversaries, weddings and reunions call for special event venues （场地）.The following places may have a way out. There's no need to spend money creating atmosphere at special event venues. It's built right in!
Hard Rock Cafe Anchorage
415 E. STREET, ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501
Events, like great music are born of inspiration. Featuring a 13,600-square-foot facility that will seat 275 guests with private event space, we pride ourselves on delivering an exceptional experience with a rock and roll twist for each of our guests.
Business Expo Center
1960 S. ANAHEIM WAY, ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA 92805
The Business Expo Center is Orange County's premier event venue in Anaheim, California. Our flexible 36,000-square-foot expo center is home to space for conferences, trade shows and celebrations. We pride ourselves on providing a memorable experience with excellent flexibility, services, and cost savings. We won't charge customers for on-site parking and provide high-speed Wi-Fi.
Automobile Driving Museum
610 LAIRPORT STREET, EL SEGUNDO, CALIFORNIA 90245
Centrally located in the South Bay beach community of El Segundo, California, the ADM offers a wonderful venue for private parties and corporate events. Conveniently located 5 minutes south of LAX, right off the 405 and 105 Freeways, the 610 Lairport space has a vintage feel surrounded by our primary automobile collection. We offer several different venues inside and outside our facility for diverse events. To better our service, reservations are needed.
Yamashiro Hollywood
1999 N. SYCAMORE AVE., LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90068
Yamashiro Hollywood is a restaurant and therefore, all food and beverages must be handled in house. However, guests are allowed to bring in outside wine and champagne for a corkage fee.
21. What can you do in Business Expo Center
A. Enjoy free parking.
B. Bring in outside wine.
C. Experience a rock and roll twist.
D. See some automobile collections.
22. Which venue do you need to book in advance
A Business Expo Center.
B. Yamashiro Hollywood.
C. Hard Rock Cafe Anchorage.
D. Automobile Driving Museum.
23. What do the four venues have in common
A. They offer optional places.
B. They are open to special events.
C. They are located in the same state.
D. They enjoy convenient transportation.
B
The Great Book Swap
Hi, sixth graders! My name is Tony Hill. I am president of the Windsor High School Student Council. Your teacher let me come to your class today to tell you about a reading project that we want to do, and we need your help.
If you’re like me, you love to read but sometimes have a hard time finding books you want to read. It seems as if the best books at the library are always checked out. To help get more books into people’s hands, we’re planning the Great Community (社区) Book Swap.
To make the project a success, we need everyone’s help. Ask your parents if there are any unused books taking up space. Ask your friends and neighbours to donate unwanted books. Maybe you have books you liked when you were younger but don’t read anymore. Bring them to school and make a young reader happy. We need all kinds of books for all kinds of readers!
There are many times I’d like to go buy new books, but I don’t have a lot of money to spend on them. Wouldn’t it be great to swap books right here in our community Volunteers will organize the donated books. Then the books will be displayed at the community center. Everyone will be able to read and hopefully find the perfect book. Students will be allowed to choose up to two books during each day of the swap. Our plan is to have the book swap the first Saturday of every month.
If you like reading, just come and look through the collection of books. Each grade will have its own week to bring in books. Right now, eighth grade is bringing in books. When every grade has brought in books, we will have quite a selection. You will probably find at least one new book that you’d like to read. Who knows Maybe you’ll find a book so good that you won’t be able to put it down.
What are you waiting for Go home and clean out your bookshelves and closets!
24. Why did Tony Hill come to the class of sixth graders
A. To explain a reading project.
B. To introduce a newly-built library.
C. To ask the students to help donate books.
D. To give the sixth graders advice on reading.
25. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. How the book swap will work.
B. When books will be brought in.
C. What kinds of books are needed.
D. Why the book swap is necessary.
26. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph indicate
A. More books are needed in the future.
B. Volunteers play an important role in the project.
C. Everyone is sure to be able to find the books he wants.
D. Students have already started helping with the book swap.
27. Which of the following words best describes Tony Hill
A. Realistic. B. Convincing. C. Independent. D. Ambitious.
C
NASA’s spacecraft Dart hit an asteroid (小行星) 11.3 million kilometers away at a speed, changing the asteroid’s orbit and lowered its cycle period by 15 minutes, the space organization announced on Monday.
Some said the move shows the world might now be able to prevent asteroids—the kind that made the dinosaurs extinct—from hitting the Earth. The asteroid that was controlled belonged to a double-asteroid system. It had a 160-meter diameter while the other asteroid’s diameter is over 500 meters. The bigger asteroid can be compared to the one that ended the dinosaur era 67 million years ago. A hit from an asteroid that size can cause unimaginable destruction.
However, it is too early to assert that the world has gained the ability to prevent asteroids from hitting us. The asteroid that was controlled was only 160 meters in size. Its cycle period was changed, without changing its orbit significantly. It is still not clear if the orbit of a much larger asteroid headed toward the Earth can be changed successfully.
In brief, NASA’s success in changing the course of a harmful asteroid is definitely praiseworthy, but much more needs to be done before we can say the world’s security from some unpredictable asteroid is guaranteed.
It should be noted that changing the orbit of an asteroid involves more than just sending an object into space and commanding it to hit the asteroid. While it is hard enough to hit an asteroid, it is even more difficult to lock onto one in the first place. It means having the ability to observe approaching asteroids, measuring their respective speeds, and deciding which ones might pose a danger to the Earth.
Therefore, there’s more to Dart hitting the asteroid than meets the eye. And these are key areas where global scientists need to work harder in the future.
28 What was the latest news about NASA
A. Its new program failed.
B. Its manned spaceship hit an asteroid.
C. Its spacecraft changed an asteroid’s orbit.
D. Its spacecraft saved the earth from being destroyed.
29. What can we learn about the asteroid that was hit
A. It was comparatively small in size.
B. Its orbit was changed significantly.
C. It travelled at a higher speed than before.
D. It was powerful enough to end dinosaur era.
30. What is the author’s attitude toward using spacecrafts to change the asteroids orbits
A. Neutral. B. Optimistic. C. Pessimistic. D. Not mentioned.
D
Don’t put it off, do it now!
Why do we spend so much time not doing the work we should do, or putting off small jobs that have piled up to create a big problem Procrastinating, as putting things off like this is called, is in our character we have naturally since birth; we avoid dull or difficult jobs until it’s too late to do anything else.
“We often put things off although we know it will make life more stressful,” says Dr. Steel, an authority on the science of motivation. “If these tasks were fun, we’d just do them now. We put off what is difficult or unpleasant, such as the paperwork that needs doing before leaving the office or cleaning the bits of your home that people can’t see. But the fact is, the less people procrastinate, the more money they have, the better relationships they have, and the healthier they are.” This is obvious when you look at the couples who don’t argue about whether anyone has cleaned the kitchen, and the people who simply go for a run instead of endlessly rescheduling it in their heads.
Of course, there are the rest of us, who feel the small jobs piling up around us daily. “We’ve evolved to respond to the moment, and not to set our sights too far in an uncertain world,” Dr. Steel adds. “We are not set up to appreciate long-term rewards, whether it’s the benefit of a four-year degree, doing exercise or dieting. We usually feel the cost now and the reward comes much later.” According to Dr. Steel, we have two decision-making systems. They are the limbic, which is responsible for the short term, and the prefrontal cortex, which deals with the future. We bounce between long-term goals and short-term temptations, so we need goals that will translate our plans for the limbic system.
Let’s take the example of students’ writing essays. They should set themselves targets and word counts per day. These are thus turned from seemingly endless tasks into something concrete with measured progress. Dr. Steel recommends such techniques, or “pre-commitments”, adding that leaving you a month before the “deadline” makes it more likely a task will be completed. The benefit is that you’ll avoid the embarrassment of not following up on something people are expecting you to do—telling everyone you are going to take up jogging makes you more likely to do so.
Overcoming procrastination finally comes down to planning, which, if you’re not careful, becomes procrastination in itself. But it is worth making sure you have everything in place. “Successful people don’t pretend they don’t procrastinate,” Dr. Steel says. “People who pretend they have willpower are less successful.” Instead, plan for procrastination: make your work environment a temple of productivity by cutting out what stops you paying your attention, so you can really focus on moving forward.
31. What does the author say about procrastination in Paragraph 1
A. It is something many people can’t help.
B. It is an excuse people often use in public.
C. It is caused by the technology in people’s life.
D. It is more common when people have small jobs to do.
32. In paragraph 3, Dr. Steel believes that people who procrastinate should ______.
A attempt to overcome their natural tendencies
B. take the advice of others in the same situation
C be aware that their problem is relatively small
D. find out more about the way they make decisions
33. Why does Dr. Steel recommend making “pre-commitments” in Paragraph 4
A. They are an alternative to impossible goals.
B. They make challenges feel more manageable.
C. They are an effective way of impressing others.
D. They allow people to achieve their aims sooner.
34. What does the author do by saying the underlined sentence
A. Encourage the reader to develop plans effectively.
B. Advise the reader to deal with complex tasks quickly.
C. Warn the reader against spending too long getting organized.
D. Remind the reader to take the time to focus properly on a task.
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. ____35____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. ____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，32分)
第一节(共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分, 第 42 题 3 分, 第 43 题 5 分, 共 12 分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Finding and keeping friends is a skill that can take some time to develop.
From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist. “They become better at imagining someone else’s perspective and this stimulates more intimate (亲密的) friendships.”
Children often have a practical view of friendship, forming close bonds with peers in the playground or classroom, says Kennedy-Moore. “It is a ‘love the one you’re with’ approach.”
“The thing that kids have as an advantage over adults is that they are in the room with 25 others in their stage of life,” she says. “In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance (相识的人) to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection.
Psychologists say best friendships can help children prepare for close relationships, including romantic ones, as they grow up.
“Best friendship is really like falling in love, “says Kennedy-Moore.
“Close friendships in childhood help kids practice the skills they need in intimate relationships throughout their lives. They learn about other people, and about themselves, to deal with feelings like envy, loneliness, and sadness.”
“If children don’t talk about friends at home, it doesn’t mean they don’t have any,” she says, adding that this may because they prefer a quieter style of interacting with others.
Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.”
40. What capacity do children develop from about the age of four according to Kennedy-Moore
41. What is the disadvantage for adults to develop friendships compared with children
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
43. List some other ways you usually use to develop or maintain your friendship.(In about 40 words)
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校组织了主题为“爱阅读，爱思考”的系列读书活动。请你用英文给英国笔友Jim 写一封邮件，向他介绍该活动。内容包括：
1. 活动目的及形式;
2. 个人收获及后续计划。
注意：1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
