2022-2023学年高一上学期南京市金陵中学期末
英语试卷
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
If you are ready to take your water adventures, the touring kayak (皮艇) may be for you. Check out our new Spring Group Kayaking Tour and join us for some fresh air and exercise!
Group Kayak Fitness
Suitable for experienced paddlers only. The kayak is bigger than the ordinary one to suit for the open waters. It also features other parts that will make your travels easier and safer. Coffee tea is not currently provided, but you can certainly bring your own in a reusable cup! $90 per class with a 10% discount for group booking.
Please email Laura@.au for details on how to purchase a 10 class pass.
Social Paddle
Suitable for all levels of fitness. Many people like to team up and go kayaking for several days in group. It is safe if you travel in numbers, because the kayak is designed heavier and larger, it could be very difficult to turn over. This two-day tour enables you to enjoy a night by an open fire and combine some other hobbies such as photographing and bird watching. But remember to carry all the necessary equipment needed to make your trip a safe and exciting one. $160 per class.
Please email Susan@.au for details on how to purchase a 10 class pass.
Clean-up Kayak Tour
Suitable for all levels of fitness. This two-mile round-trip paddle is a chance to explore the Lavender Bay and experience the wildlife while the site is closed to the public. It is a great way to try kayaking, get outside for some gentle exercise and help the surroundings at the same time. $50 per tour.
Please email Jenny@.au for details on how to purchase a 10 class pass.
Sunrise Kayak and Coffee
Suitable for beginners. It’s perfect for those who are fairly new to kayaking, as well as more experienced kayakers who enjoy and appreciate the calmness of the early mornings and a good coffee. Paddlers will experience a unique side to Sydney Harbour and learn some of the history of Sydney. Lots of tourist stops for photos and stories are waiting for you. $145 per person, per tour.
Please email Anna@.au for details.
1. Which tour is suitable for people who are concerned about the environment
A. Group Kayak Fitness.
B. Social Paddle.
C. Clean-up Kayak Tour.
D. Sunrise Kayak and Coffee.
2. What makes Social Paddle different from other tours
A. Group booking can have a discount.
B. It is suitable for inexperienced paddlers.
C. Lavender Bay is one of the stops in this tour.
D. The paddlers can enjoy overnight gatherings.
3. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A geographic magazine
B. A historical book
C. A travel brochure
D. An adventure fiction
B
J.K. Rowling frequently shows there is magic every day. Her Harry Potter series has helped people through times of stress and depression and she is always there to deliver wise words of encouragement.
She is one celebrity who is very active on Twitter. So when a single dad named Matt Burke sent her a message thanking her for the series, she noticed. Her series had helped strengthen his relationship with his 9-year-old daughter Bailey.
He included a link to his article titled Being a Broke Parent. He explained how he hadn’t found a level of financial stability that allowed him to pay bills on time and take his daughter on more activities and events. The family also doesn’t have the Internet or TV, which means there’s no “digital babysitter”, and he has to rely on his own creative ways to bond with his daughter. Since he received the series, the main thing that has occupied them these days is reading books together.
Burke admits that he thought he was “too cool” for the books when they first came out and he was in his twenties, but he’s loving reading them now. “We switch off chapter by chapter reading them out loud,” Burke explains. “This not only allows her to get more used to reading aloud in front of someone, but it gets me directly involved in something she loves, and it gives me the chance to be very dramatic when I read my chapters and bring myself into the characters in the book, which has proven to be a ton of fun.”
After hearing Burke’s story, Rowling said how honored she was when Harry Potter was a part of his family’s life and offered Burke more signed books. Besides, people are also offering to send Burke more books as gifts. For Burke, this experience, far more than gifts, will be what he treasures.
4. Why did Burke thank J.K. Rowling according to the text
A. She guided him how to write a good story.
B. She encouraged him when he was in trouble.
C. Her books helped him through times of confusion.
D. Her books helped him improve his bond with his daughter.
5. What is implied in Burke’s words in Paragraph 4
A. He has found it interesting to read the series.
B. He was too old to understand the series better.
C. He has chosen a better way of reading the series.
D. He hopes to play a role in the drama in the future.
6. Which word can best describe Burke’s experience according to the text
A Unique. B. Normal. C. Precious. D. Funny.
7. What is the main idea of this text
A. J.K. Rowling chooses to help improve kids’ health.
B J.K. Rowling gives a magical gift to a single father.
C. J.K. Rowling has a deep influence on others’ growth.
D. Burke comes to know J.K. Rowling through her series.
C
If you have a high temperature or are recovering from heart surgery, it is difficult to be fully focused at work. Sick days are meant to prevent people from hurting themselves, their co-workers, or customers on the job. However, working from home has changed this logic.
The work-from-home revolution has raised the bar for what counts as being sick. At the height of the pandemic people worked from home even with serious symptoms such as fever, shortness of breath or nausea. Many still do. Nicholas Bloom of Stanford University has been tracking work- from-home habits since before the Covid-19 popularized them. In a recent working paper, he presents the results of a randomized controlled trial at a large multinational company, where sick days fell by 12% for employees working from home two days a week relative to those coming in full time.
To be in bed not doing anything means discomfort both physically and mentally. Salaried workers, who are often evaluated on the basis of their attendance, find it hard to call in sick for a few days now that they don’t need to worry about spreading germs in the office. For high-achievers, putting in the hours is not a chore but a way of life. As the economic recession (萧条) puts future job security into question, showing yourself to be useful becomes even more important.
Though all this is understandable, it is also troubling. Being even mildly sick can impair brain function. It is difficult to exercise proper judgment if one cannot focus on the task at hand. It is why people with lower oxygen concentration sometimes remove protective clothes atop Mount Everest; some freeze to death. Firing off emails while feeling dizzy will put the body under further stress. Soldiering on (硬挺) may make the employee both sicker and less productive for longer. Digital presenteeism (超时工作), for that is what such persisting amounts to, is in no one’s interest.
8. How has the work-from-home revolution affected employees
A. It has heightened their enthusiasm.
B. It has made it harder to ask for sick leave.
C. It has popularized relevant studies.
D. It has improved their welfare.
9. What can we learn from the study of Nicholas Bloom
A. Whether to take a sick or not is a random choice.
B. The Covid-19 has popularized work-from-home habits.
C. Those who work full time in office tend to get more sick leave.
D. Work-from-home habits mostly happen in big companies.
10. What might be the biggest concern for the salaried workers on a medical leave
A. Endangering their current jobs.
B. Bringing germs to the office.
C. Failing to be high-achievers.
D. Feeling uncomfortable in bed.
11. What will the author probably talk about next
A. The importance of staying healthy.
B. The future of flexible working habit.
C The proper attitude towards taking a sick leave.
D. The benefits of working from home.
D
Plastic—Eating Worm
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that ends up in landfills(垃圾填埋场) , and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms(幼虫).
Researchers in Spain and England found that the worms of the greater wax moth(大蜡螟) can break down polyethylene(聚乙烯), which accounts for 40% of plastics.
That is to say part of plastics can be consumed by this kind of worms. The team left 100 wax worms on a plastic shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology.
Federica Bertocchini, co—author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic." Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon—carbon bond, is there as well," she explains. "The wax worm developed a method or system to break this bond."
Jennifer Debruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify where the enzyme comes from. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help make use of the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic."
12. What can we learn about the worms in the study
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
B. They can consume plastics.
C. They end up in landfills.
D. They are new creatures.
13. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to ________.
A. prove the research findings
B. discover other kinds of worms
C. increase the breakdown speed
D. find out the source of the enzyme
14. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might ________.
A. help to raise worms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used to clean the oceans
D. be produced in factories in future
15. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To propose new means to keep eco—balance.
B. To present a way to break down plastics.
C. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
D. To explain a study method on worms.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Can you remember a time when somebody was kind to you Perhaps a person allowed you to go in front of them in a queue. Maybe your sister phoned you to ask how your week was going. Or perhaps a stranger or a friend helped you in a much deeper way. ___16___
Few people would disagree with the idea that a kind action is good for the soul. It is a win-win situation, leading to a sense of well-being for both the receiver and the giver. As a simple example, let's imagine you have a workmate who always does a very good job. ___17___ Your workmate will be happy to receive some praise and, in addition, you will probably feel good about yourself for having spread a little joy.
___18___ The idea behind this is that it doesn't take any major plan to be kind, just a little bit of effort. They believe that kindness can be taught and that it is contagious（有感染力的）. So by being kind to others, a more bright community and world will be created.
Some websites suggest more imaginative ways to show kindness. ___19___ The first is interpersonal kindness. Some examples are donating old clothes to charity or writing a positive online comment about a restaurant that you like. The second is environmental kindness, which could mean simply recycling or organizing a group event to clean a local park or beach. The third category is less obvious: personal kindness, which means treating yourself kindly. Some examples are taking a walk in nature or setting yourself an objective to complain less. ___20___
A. Doing something good can be very hard.
B. You praise it and show your admiration.
C. Generally, these fall into three categories.
D Offering kindness can bring happiness.
E. There are a million ways to offer kindness.
F. People are encouraged to do random acts of kindness.
G. If you are kind to yourself, you will naturally be kinder to others.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Martin Strel knows a thing or two about rivers. He has been swimming in them ___21___ he was a young boy. Although he holds five world records in marathon swimming, he is best known for using his sport to raise ___22___ of water pollution. After years of swimming in dirty water, he decided he had to do ___23___. He began to swim to ___24___ “peace, friendship and clean water”. He hopes to see ___25___ laws strengthened.
So far, he has swum in many of the world's most famous rivers. In 2000,he ___26___ to swim in Europe's second longest river, the Danube. He swam 1,866 miles in 58 days and ___27___ a world record for long-distance swimming. In 2002, Strel swam in the Mississippi River and ___28___ a distance of 2,360 miles in 68 days. In 2007, he swam 3,274 miles of the Amazon River in 66 days. Most of the ___29___ in the Amazon comes from harmful chemicals used in gold mining and oil leaks from ___30___ maintained boats. He became very weak and ___31___ 42 pounds. In order to continue swimming, he had to be carried in and out of the ___32___.
Still, Strel plans to ___33___ swimming for peace, friendship and clean water, but he would prefer to do it in the ocean. ___34___, the world's rivers are simply too dirty. He ___35___ a day when everyone can go swimming in clean water.
21. A. before B. when C. since D. until
22. A. importance B. significance C. image D. awareness
23. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
24. A. promote B. permit C. perform D. perceive
25. A. political B. economic C. commercial D. environmental
26. A. refused B. failed C. tended D. managed
27. A. kept B. accessed C. held D. set
28. A. covered B. contained C. expanded D. extended
29. A. population B. poison C. pressure D. pollution
30. A. well B. poorly C. carefully D. instantly
31. A. gained B. weighed C. lost D. got
32. A. area B. hospital C. lake D. water
33. A. give up B. take up C. carry out D. keep on
34. A. First of all B. At last C. After all D. What's more
35. A. dreams of B. calls for C. opens up D. puts forward
第二节 语法填空(共10题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese scientists have created starch(淀粉) using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity, according to a study ____36____ was published in the journal Science on Sept 24.
It's the first time in the world that synthesis(合成) of starch from CO2 ____37____ (achieve). Scientists believe it will have a ____38____ (revolution) impact on future agricultural production and bio-manufacturing.
According to Ma Yanhe, ____39____ author of the study, the process of plants ____40____ (create) carbohydrates like starch through photosynthesis(光合作用)is complex and ____41____ (efficient). It takes a plant about 60 steps of metabolic(新陈代谢的) reactions to turn CO2, water and sunlight into starch. But now Chinese scientists have simplified the process from 60 steps into 11.
Creating carbohydrates more efficiently is so important for ____42____ (sustainable) on Earth, noted ChinaDaily. If such an approach can be scaled up(扩展) to the level of industrialization, it ____43____ (save) more than 90 percent of the farm land and freshwater resources, and avoid negative effects on the environment ____44____ pesticides and chemical fertilizers(肥料), and it will improve food _____45_____ (secure) and promote sustainable societies, according to Cai Tao, another author of the study.
第三节：单词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
46. Despite his lack ______________ experience, he got the job. (用适当的词填空)
47. A lot of people make the ________（assume）that poverty only exists in the third world. (所给词的适当形式填空）
48. The players had to change their daily __________ (常规) and life style. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
49. I stopped at the square and got out to ______(伸展)my legs（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
50. We acquire wisdom from our ancestors, which we can apply __________ our daily life. (用适当的词填空)
51. As a matter of fact, there exists a good way to solve the ______(exist) problem.（所给词的适当形式填空）
52. Seeing the girl struggling in the lake, he threw himself in the icy water without ______(hesitate), and saved her from drowning. （所给词的适当形式填空）
53. We must do what we can to prevent the rivers from __________(pollute) by factories. (所给词的适当形式填空)
54. People have a ______(tend) to place too much emphasis on what experts say. （所给词的适当形式填空）
55. Chinese New Year is a ______ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.（用单词适当形式填空）
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
56. 假如你是李华，你校计划举办介绍中国传统文化的主题班会，并在英文网站上展示。请你给外国友人Chris写封信，向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国朋友。内容包括：
1. 阐明写信事由；
2. 征求建议；
3. 表达感谢。
注意：
1·字数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
57. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day I got stuck in the Tube on my way to work.
The Tube—that’s what most people call it—is London’s underground railway system.
It was about nine o'clock in the morning, the middle of the rush-hour. Nobody had expected something unusual would happen later and everyone was doing their usual: a pretty girl gave her boyfriend sweet kisses one after another. Sitting next to me, a young woman with a suitcase and a baby took a scarf out of her suitcase and made her baby a nest, so that it could lie more comfortably. In fact, the train had just left Green Park Station when, instead of speeding up, it started to slow down and then came to a stand-still.
Ten minutes passed, though it seemed like half a day. the train didn’t move. Had the railwaymen forgotten all about our existence Had there been a crash on the line in front How serious was the breakdown We had no means of knowing. However, to anxious people who are stuck in the Tube, I suppose it doesn’t really matter what it is that has broken down. What they care is when they can get out of the trouble.
Twenty minutes passed. All hope of getting to work on time had long since gone. Had the train really broken down Several people thought so, but they were wrong. A railwayman at last came down the length of the train to tell us that the power supply had failed, and that we were not to worry as they were working to put it right.
We could not leave the train, as it had stopped in the tunnel (隧道), not at a station. There was nothing else to do. The weak signal disabled cellphones. Besides, the train was getting hot and stuffy (闷). I even began to wonder if we were going to stay there for the rest of the day.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左石：
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The hopeless waiting in the darkness drove us crazy.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As a commuter (上班族) who traveled to work on the train every day, I thought it my duty to do something.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2022-2023学年高一上学期南京市金陵中学期末
英语试卷
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
If you are ready to take your water adventures, the touring kayak (皮艇) may be for you. Check out our new Spring Group Kayaking Tour and join us for some fresh air and exercise!
Group Kayak Fitness
Suitable for experienced paddlers only. The kayak is bigger than the ordinary one to suit for the open waters. It also features other parts that will make your travels easier and safer. Coffee tea is not currently provided, but you can certainly bring your own in a reusable cup! $90 per class with a 10% discount for group booking.
Please email Laura@.au for details on how to purchase a 10 class pass.
Social Paddle
Suitable for all levels of fitness. Many people like to team up and go kayaking for several days in group. It is safe if you travel in numbers, because the kayak is designed heavier and larger, it could be very difficult to turn over. This two-day tour enables you to enjoy a night by an open fire and combine some other hobbies such as photographing and bird watching. But remember to carry all the necessary equipment needed to make your trip a safe and exciting one. $160 per class.
Please email Susan@.au for details on how to purchase a 10 class pass.
Clean-up Kayak Tour
Suitable for all levels of fitness. This two-mile round-trip paddle is a chance to explore the Lavender Bay and experience the wildlife while the site is closed to the public. It is a great way to try kayaking, get outside for some gentle exercise and help the surroundings at the same time. $50 per tour.
Please email Jenny@.au for details on how to purchase a 10 class pass.
Sunrise Kayak and Coffee
Suitable for beginners. It’s perfect for those who are fairly new to kayaking, as well as more experienced kayakers who enjoy and appreciate the calmness of the early mornings and a good coffee. Paddlers will experience a unique side to Sydney Harbour and learn some of the history of Sydney. Lots of tourist stops for photos and stories are waiting for you. $145 per person, per tour.
Please email Anna@.au for details.
1. Which tour is suitable for people who are concerned about the environment
A. Group Kayak Fitness.
B. Social Paddle.
C. Clean-up Kayak Tour.
D. Sunrise Kayak and Coffee.
2. What makes Social Paddle different from other tours
A. Group booking can have a discount.
B It is suitable for inexperienced paddlers.
C. Lavender Bay is one of the stops in this tour.
D. The paddlers can enjoy overnight gatherings.
3. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A geographic magazine
B. A historical book
C. A travel brochure
D. An adventure fiction
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个皮划艇之旅。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Clean-up Kayak Tour部分的“It is a great way to try kayaking, get outside for some gentle exercise and help the surroundings at the same time. (尝试皮划艇是一种很好的方式，在户外进行一些温和的锻炼，同时帮助环境)”可知，该旅行有助于帮助环境，因此适合关心环境的人。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Social Paddle部分的“This two-day tour enables you to enjoy a night by an open fire and combine some other hobbies such as photographing and bird watching. (在这个为期两天的旅行中，你可以在篝火边享受夜晚，还可以结合摄影和观鸟等其他爱好)”可知，参加该行程的桨手们可以享受夜晚聚会。其他三个行程没有提到夜晚聚会，因此这是Social Paddle的特殊之处。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Check out our new Spring Group Kayaking Tour and join us for some fresh air and exercise!(看看我们新的春季团体皮划艇之旅，和我们一起呼吸新鲜空气，锻炼身体!)”以及下文对四个皮划艇之旅的介绍推知，本文很有可能出自一本旅游手册。故选C。
B
J.K. Rowling frequently shows there is magic every day. Her Harry Potter series has helped people through times of stress and depression and she is always there to deliver wise words of encouragement.
She is one celebrity who is very active on Twitter. So when a single dad named Matt Burke sent her a message thanking her for the series, she noticed. Her series had helped strengthen his relationship with his 9-year-old daughter Bailey.
He included a link to his article titled Being a Broke Parent. He explained how he hadn’t found a level of financial stability that allowed him to pay bills on time and take his daughter on more activities and events. The family also doesn’t have the Internet or TV, which means there’s no “digital babysitter”, and he has to rely on his own creative ways to bond with his daughter. Since he received the series, the main thing that has occupied them these days is reading books together.
Burke admits that he thought he was “too cool” for the books when they first came out and he was in his twenties, but he’s loving reading them now. “We switch off chapter by chapter reading them out loud,” Burke explains. “This not only allows her to get more used to reading aloud in front of someone, but it gets me directly involved in something she loves, and it gives me the chance to be very dramatic when I read my chapters and bring myself into the characters in the book, which has proven to be a ton of fun.”
After hearing Burke’s story, Rowling said how honored she was when Harry Potter was a part of his family’s life and offered Burke more signed books. Besides, people are also offering to send Burke more books as gifts. For Burke, this experience, far more than gifts, will be what he treasures.
4. Why did Burke thank J.K. Rowling according to the text
A. She guided him how to write a good story.
B. She encouraged him when he was in trouble.
C. Her books helped him through times of confusion.
D. Her books helped him improve his bond with his daughter.
5. What is implied in Burke’s words in Paragraph 4
A. He has found it interesting to read the series.
B. He was too old to understand the series better.
C. He has chosen a better way of reading the series.
D. He hopes to play a role in the drama in the future.
6. Which word can best describe Burke’s experience according to the text
A. Unique. B. Normal. C. Precious. D. Funny.
7. What is the main idea of this text
A. J.K. Rowling chooses to help improve kids’ health.
B. J.K. Rowling gives a magical gift to a single father.
C. J.K. Rowling has a deep influence on others’ growth.
D. Burke comes to know J.K. Rowling through her series.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。J.K. Rowling的书帮助一个单身父亲改善他和女儿的关系，他在Twitter上给J.K .Rowling留言表示感谢。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Her series had helped strengthen his relationship with his 9-year-old daughter Bailey.(她的系列帮助他加强了与9岁女儿Bailey的关系。)”可知，Burke感谢J.K. Rowling是因为她的书帮助他改善了和女儿的关系。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Burke admits that he thought he was ‘too cool’ for the books when they first came out and he was in his twenties, but he’s loving reading them now.(Burke承认，当这些书刚出版并且当时他才20多岁时，他觉得自己‘太酷了’，不适合读这些书，但他现在很喜欢读。)”和“This not only allows her to get more used to reading aloud in front of someone, but it gets me directly involved in something she loves, and it gives me the chance to be very dramatic when I read my chapters and bring myself into the characters in the book, which has proven to be a ton of fun.(这不仅让她更习惯于在别人面前大声朗读，而且让我直接参与到她喜欢的事情中，让我有机会在阅读我的章节并融入书中的角色时表现得非常戏剧化，这已经被证明是一件非常有趣的事。)”可知，他现在很喜欢读这些书，这不仅可以让他参与到女儿喜欢的事情中，也让他能够融入书中的角色，他认为这很有趣。由此可推测出，他现在觉得读这些书很有趣。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“For Burke, this experience, far more than gifts, will be what he treasures.(对Burke来说，这段经历将是他所珍视的东西，而不仅仅是礼物。)”可知，对于Burke来说，这样的经历将会是他一生都会珍视的东西，由此可推测出，这段经历将是很宝贵的。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“J.K. Rowling frequently shows there is magic every day. Her Harry Potter series has helped people through times of stress and depression and she is always there to deliver wise words of encouragement.(J.K. Rowling经常表现出每天都有魔法。她的《哈利·波特》系列帮助人们度过了压力和抑郁的时期，她总是在那里发表明智的鼓励话语。)”和第二段中的“So when a single dad named Matt Burke sent her a message thanking her for the series, she noticed. Her series had helped strengthen his relationship with his 9-year-old daughter Bailey.(因此，当一位名叫Matt Burke的单身父亲给她发信息感谢她的这个系列时，她注意到了这一点。她的系列帮助他加强了与9岁女儿Bailey的关系。)”可知，本文主要讲述了J.K. Rowling的书帮助一个单身父亲改善他和女儿的关系，是很有魔力的一份礼物。因此B项“J.K. Rowling给了一名单身父亲一份神奇的礼物”符合题意。故选B。
C
If you have a high temperature or are recovering from heart surgery, it is difficult to be fully focused at work. Sick days are meant to prevent people from hurting themselves, their co-workers, or customers on the job. However, working from home has changed this logic.
The work-from-home revolution has raised the bar for what counts as being sick. At the height of the pandemic people worked from home even with serious symptoms such as fever, shortness of breath or nausea. Many still do. Nicholas Bloom of Stanford University has been tracking work- from-home habits since before the Covid-19 popularized them. In a recent working paper, he presents the results of a randomized controlled trial at a large multinational company, where sick days fell by 12% for employees working from home two days a week relative to those coming in full time.
To be in bed not doing anything means discomfort both physically and mentally. Salaried workers, who are often evaluated on the basis of their attendance, find it hard to call in sick for a few days now that they don’t need to worry about spreading germs in the office. For high-achievers, putting in the hours is not a chore but a way of life. As the economic recession (萧条) puts future job security into question, showing yourself to be useful becomes even more important.
Though all this is understandable, it is also troubling. Being even mildly sick can impair brain function. It is difficult to exercise proper judgment if one cannot focus on the task at hand. It is why people with lower oxygen concentration sometimes remove protective clothes atop Mount Everest; some freeze to death. Firing off emails while feeling dizzy will put the body under further stress. Soldiering on (硬挺) may make the employee both sicker and less productive for longer. Digital presenteeism (超时工作), for that is what such persisting amounts to, is in no one’s interest.
8. How has the work-from-home revolution affected employees
A. It has heightened their enthusiasm.
B. It has made it harder to ask for sick leave.
C. It has popularized relevant studies.
D. It has improved their welfare.
9. What can we learn from the study of Nicholas Bloom
A. Whether to take a sick or not is a random choice.
B. The Covid-19 has popularized work-from-home habits.
C. Those who work full time in office tend to get more sick leave.
D. Work-from-home habits mostly happen in big companies.
10. What might be the biggest concern for the salaried workers on a medical leave
A. Endangering their current jobs.
B. Bringing germs to the office.
C. Failing to be high-achievers.
D. Feeling uncomfortable in bed.
11. What will the author probably talk about next
A. The importance of staying healthy.
B. The future of flexible working habit.
C. The proper attitude towards taking a sick leave.
D. The benefits of working from home.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了由于自疫情时代以来越来越盛行的“在家上班”文化，员工发现因病向公司请假越来越难的现象。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The work-from-home revolution has raised the bar for what counts as being sick. At the height of the pandemic people worked from home even with serious symptoms such as fever, shortness of breath or nausea. Many still do. (在家工作的这场革命提高了被算作是生病的标准。在疫情最严重的时候，即使有发热、呼吸急促或恶心等严重症状，人们也会在家工作。许多人仍然如此。)”可知，在家工作使请假更难。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“In a recent working paper, he presents the results of a randomized controlled trial at a large multinational company, where sick days fell by 12% for employees working from home two days a week relative to those coming in full time.(在最近的一篇工作论文中，他介绍了在一家大型跨国公司进行的随机对照试验的结果，在这家公司，每周在家工作两天的员工，请病假天数比全职员工减少了12%。)”可知，全勤去办公室上班的员工往往会得到更多的病假。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Salaried workers, who are often evaluated on the basis of their attendance, find it hard to call in sick for a few days now that they don’t need to worry about spreading germs in the office.(领薪水的员工通常是以他们的出勤情况来作为工作考核，他们发现现在哪怕是请几天病假也很困难，因为他们不必担心在办公室传播细菌。)以及第三段最后一句“As the economic recession (萧条) puts future job security into question, showing yourself to be useful becomes even more important.(经济萧条让未来的工作保障成为问题，让自己显得有用变得更加重要。)”可推知，对于请病假的员工来说，他们可能最担心此举会危及他们的工作。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Though all this is understandable, it is also troubling.(尽管这一切都是可以理解的，但也令人不安。)”和最后一句“Digital presenteeism (超时工作), for that is what such persisting amounts to, is in no one’s interest.(数字化超时工作，不符合任何人的利益，这种坚持办公就相当于超时工作。)”可知，作者在批评在家带病工作的弊端，由此可推断，接下来应该是提出解决措施，即如何采取恰当的态度来看待请病假。故选C。
D
Plastic—Eating Worm
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that ends up in landfills(垃圾填埋场) , and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms(幼虫).
Researchers in Spain and England found that the worms of the greater wax moth(大蜡螟) can break down polyethylene(聚乙烯), which accounts for 40% of plastics.
That is to say, part of plastics can be consumed by this kind of worms. The team left 100 wax worms on a plastic shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology.
Federica Bertocchini, co—author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic." Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon—carbon bond, is there as well," she explains. "The wax worm developed a method or system to break this bond."
Jennifer Debruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify where the enzyme comes from. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help make use of the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic."
12. What can we learn about the worms in the study
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
B. They can consume plastics.
C. They end up in landfills.
D. They are new creatures.
13. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to ________.
A. prove the research findings
B. discover other kinds of worms
C. increase the breakdown speed
D. find out the source of the enzyme
14. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might ________.
A. help to raise worms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used to clean the oceans
D. be produced in factories in future
15. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To propose new means to keep eco—balance.
B. To present a way to break down plastics.
C. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
D. To explain a study method on worms.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文，作者介绍了一项科学发现：一种吃塑料的虫子—大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers in Spain and England found that the worms of the greater wax moth(大蜡螟) can break down polyethylene(聚乙烯),which accounts for 40% of plastics.”(西班牙和英国的研究人员发现，大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以分解占塑料40%的聚乙烯。)可知研究人员发现大蜡螟蠕虫能够分解塑料，显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，与B项的 “消耗塑料”吻合，故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify where the enzyme comes from. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物) ” (DeBruyn说，下一步将是确定酶的来源。它是蠕虫本身产生的酶还是它的肠道微生物产生的酶 )可知，接下来人们需要证实的是酶是从哪里产生的，D项“查明酶的来源”与此吻合。故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic."” (但她希望在某种工业过程中使用这种化学物质，而不是简单地“把数百万只虫子扔在塑料上”)可推知，研究人员期望在某种工业流程中使用这种化学制品，而不仅仅是把数百万的虫子扔到塑料上。这与选项D中提到的 “今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品”吻合，故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，结合第二段“Researchers in Spain and England found that the worms of the greater wax moth(大蜡螟) can break down polyethylene(聚乙烯),which accounts for 40% of plastics.”(西班牙和英国的研究人员发现，大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以分解占塑料40%的聚乙烯)可知，作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为了人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Can you remember a time when somebody was kind to you Perhaps a person allowed you to go in front of them in a queue. Maybe your sister phoned you to ask how your week was going. Or perhaps a stranger or a friend helped you in a much deeper way. ___16___
Few people would disagree with the idea that a kind action is good for the soul. It is a win-win situation, leading to a sense of well-being for both the receiver and the giver. As a simple example, let's imagine you have a workmate who always does a very good job. ___17___ Your workmate will be happy to receive some praise and, in addition, you will probably feel good about yourself for having spread a little joy.
___18___ The idea behind this is that it doesn't take any major plan to be kind, just a little bit of effort. They believe that kindness can be taught and that it is contagious（有感染力的）. So by being kind to others, a more bright community and world will be created.
Some websites suggest more imaginative ways to show kindness. ___19___ The first is interpersonal kindness. Some examples are donating old clothes to charity or writing a positive online comment about a restaurant that you like. The second is environmental kindness, which could mean simply recycling or organizing a group event to clean a local park or beach. The third category is less obvious: personal kindness, which means treating yourself kindly. Some examples are taking a walk in nature or setting yourself an objective to complain less. ___20___
A. Doing something good can be very hard.
B. You praise it and show your admiration.
C. Generally, these fall into three categories.
D. Offering kindness can bring happiness.
E. There are a million ways to offer kindness.
F. People are encouraged to do random acts of kindness.
G. If you are kind to yourself, you will naturally be kinder to others.
【答案】16. E 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了友善的好处以及如何对人友善。
【16题详解】
上文“Can you remember a time when somebody was kind to you Perhaps a person allowed you to go in front of them in a queue. Maybe your sister phoned you to ask how your week was going. Or perhaps a stranger or a friend helped you in a much deeper way.（你还记得有人对你很好的时候吗 也许有人允许你排在他们前面。也许你姐姐打电话问你这周过得怎么样。或者可能是一个陌生人或朋友在更深层次上帮助了你。）”主要列举了几种别人对你的示好和友善举动，段尾句对本段有总结作用，E选项“有一百万种表达善意的方式。”说明表达善意的方式有很多，作为总结恰到好处。故选E项。
【17题详解】
上文“As a simple example, let's imagine you have a workmate who always does a very good job.（作为一个简单的例子，让我们假设你有一个工作总是做得很好的同事。）”，此空处于举例子的语境中，下文“Your workmate will be happy to receive some praise and, in addition, you will probably feel good about yourself for having spread a little joy.（你的同事会很高兴得到一些表扬，此外，你可能会因为传播了一点快乐而自我感觉良好。）”，由此可推测，中间句应该表达你对同事的工作表示赞扬，B项“你赞美它，表示你的赞赏。”符合语境。故选B项。
【18题详解】
下文“The idea behind this is that it doesn't take any major plan to be kind, just a little bit of effort.（这背后的想法是，它不需要任何重大的计划，只是一点点努力。）”可知，此处应该提到某种表达善意的主意，F项“人们被鼓励做一些随意的善举”符合语境。故选F项。
【19题详解】
由下文中的“The first…”，“The second…”，“The third…”可知，此空处的意义应该是这三种做法的统领和概括。C项“一般来说，这些可以分为三类。”符合语境。故选C项。
【20题详解】
上文“The third category is less obvious: personal kindness, which means treating yourself kindly.（第三种则不那么明显:个人善良，这意味着善待自己。）”可知，选项承接上文，说明善待自己的作用。故G项“善待自己，自然也会善待他人”符合语境。故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Martin Strel knows a thing or two about rivers. He has been swimming in them ___21___ he was a young boy. Although he holds five world records in marathon swimming, he is best known for using his sport to raise ___22___ of water pollution. After years of swimming in dirty water, he decided he had to do ___23___. He began to swim to ___24___ “peace, friendship and clean water”. He hopes to see ___25___ laws strengthened.
So far, he has swum in many of the world's most famous rivers. In 2000,he ___26___ to swim in Europe's second longest river, the Danube. He swam 1,866 miles in 58 days and ___27___ a world record for long-distance swimming. In 2002, Strel swam in the Mississippi River and ___28___ a distance of 2,360 miles in 68 days. In 2007, he swam 3,274 miles of the Amazon River in 66 days. Most of the ___29___ in the Amazon comes from harmful chemicals used in gold mining and oil leaks from ___30___ maintained boats. He became very weak and ___31___ 42 pounds. In order to continue swimming, he had to be carried in and out of the ___32___.
Still, Strel plans to ___33___ swimming for peace, friendship and clean water, but he would prefer to do it in the ocean. ___34___, the world's rivers are simply too dirty. He ___35___ a day when everyone can go swimming in clean water.
21. A. before B. when C. since D. until
22. A. importance B. significance C. image D. awareness
23. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
24. A. promote B. permit C. perform D. perceive
25. A. political B. economic C. commercial D. environmental
26. A. refused B. failed C. tended D. managed
27. A. kept B. accessed C. held D. set
28. A. covered B. contained C. expanded D. extended
29. A. population B. poison C. pressure D. pollution
30. A. well B. poorly C. carefully D. instantly
31. A. gained B. weighed C. lost D. got
32. A. area B. hospital C. lake D. water
33. A. give up B. take up C. carry out D. keep on
34. A. First of all B. At last C. After all D. What's more
35. A. dreams of B. calls for C. opens up D. puts forward
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Martin Strel从小游泳，在马拉松游泳比赛中保持了五项世界纪录，同时他利用这项运动提高人们对水污染的意识。
21题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：他从小就在里面游泳。A. before在……之前；B. when当……时候；C. since自从；D. until直到。引导时间状语从句，表示“自从”应用since。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管他在马拉松游泳比赛中保持了五项世界纪录，但他最出名的是利用这项运动提高人们对水污染的意识。A. importance价值；B. knowledge知识；C. idea想法；D. awareness意识。根据后文“of water pollution”指提高对水污染的意识，应用awareness。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：在经历了多年在脏水里游泳之后，他决定要做点什么。A. anything任何事；B. something某事；C. nothing没有什么；D. everything一切。根据上文“he decided he had to do”可知指为改善水污染做点什么，应用do something。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他开始游泳，以促进“和平、友谊和清洁的水。”A. promote促进；B. permit允许；C. perform表演；D. stop停止。根据后文“peace, friendship and clean water.”指通过游泳，来促进“和平、友谊和清洁的水”的理念，应用promote。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他希望看到环境法得到加强。A. political政治的；B. economic经济的；C. agricultural农业的；D. environmental环境的。Strel的行为主要是为了改善水污染，所以是环境法得到改善。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2000年，他成功地游完了欧洲第二长河多瑙河。A. refused拒绝；B. failed失败；C. tended倾向；D. managed设法。根据后文创下了世界纪录，可知他成功游完了欧洲第二长河多瑙河。manage to do sth.“设法做成某事”。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在58天内游了1866英里，创造了长距离游泳的世界纪录。A. kept保持；B. accessed访问；C. held握住；D. set设置。根据后文“a world record for long-distance swimming”指创下世界纪录，应用set。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2002年，斯特雷尔在密西西比河游泳，在68天内游了2360英里。A. covered包括，走完；B. contained包含；C. expanded扩大；D. extended延长。根据后文“a distance of 2,360 miles in 68 days”指在68天内游了2360英里，应用cover。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：亚马逊地区大部分污染来自采金过程中使用的有害化学物质和保养不善的船只泄漏的石油。A. population人口；B. poison毒药；C. pressure压力；D. pollution污染。根据后文“comes from harmful chemicals used”可知此处说明的是污染来源。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：亚马逊地区的大部分污染来自采金过程中使用的有害化学物质和保养不善的船只泄漏的石油。A. well好地；B. poorly差地；C. carefully小心地；D. exactly精确地。根据后文“maintained boats”可知船只漏油说明保养不善。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他变得非常虚弱，瘦了42磅。A. gained获得；B. weighed权衡；C. lost失去；D. got得到。根据上文“He became very weak and”以及后文的数字，可知此处指身体体重减少了42磅。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了继续游泳，他不得不被抬进抬出医院。A. area区域；B. boat小船；C. lake湖泊；D. water水。上文提到他身体很虚弱，因此是频繁进出医院。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管如此，Strel计划为了和平、友谊和干净的水继续游泳，但他更喜欢在海洋里游泳。A. give up放弃；B. take up从事；C. carry out实施；D. keep on继续。根据后文“swimming for peace, friendship and clean water”指为了和平、友谊和干净的水继续游泳，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：。A. Happily快乐地；B. Surprisingly出人意料地；C. Sadly 悲哀地；D. Hopefully有希望地。。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他梦想有一天每个人都能在干净的水里游泳。A. dreams of梦想；B. calls for要求；C. opens up打开；D. puts forward提出。根据后文“a day when everyone can go swimming in clean water.”是有一天每个人都能在干净的水里游泳他的梦想。故选A。
第二节 语法填空(共10题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese scientists have created starch(淀粉) using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity, according to a study ____36____ was published in the journal Science on Sept 24.
It's the first time in the world that synthesis(合成) of starch from CO2 ____37____ (achieve). Scientists believe it will have a ____38____ (revolution) impact on future agricultural production and bio-manufacturing.
According to Ma Yanhe, ____39____ author of the study, the process of plants ____40____ (create) carbohydrates like starch through photosynthesis(光合作用)is complex and ____41____ (efficient). It takes a plant about 60 steps of metabolic(新陈代谢的) reactions to turn CO2, water and sunlight into starch. But now Chinese scientists have simplified the process from 60 steps into 11.
Creating carbohydrates more efficiently is so important for ____42____ (sustainable) on Earth, noted ChinaDaily. If such an approach can be scaled up(扩展) to the level of industrialization, it ____43____ (save) more than 90 percent of the farm land and freshwater resources, and avoid negative effects on the environment ____44____ pesticides and chemical fertilizers(肥料), and it will improve food _____45_____ (secure) and promote sustainable societies, according to Cai Tao, another author of the study.
【答案】36. which##that
37. has been achieved
38. revolutionary
39. an 40. creating
41. inefficient
42. sustainability
43. will save
44. from##of
45. security
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国科学家利用二氧化碳、氢和电创造出了淀粉，并对未来的工业和农业有很大的可持续发展的价值。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：9月24日发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究表明，中国科学家利用二氧化碳、氢和电创造出了淀粉。根据句子成分分析，句子的先行词是study，从句中缺少主语，可以用which和that来连接从句。故填which/that。
【37题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：这是世界上首次实现从CO2合成淀粉。根据“It's the first time”可知，用现在完成时，且句子的主语synthesis of starch from CO2和谓语动词achieve之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，故填has been achieved。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意:科学家们认为它将对未来的农业生产和生物制造产生一个革命性的影响。根据前面的a和后面的impact可知，横线上应填一个形容词作定语，修饰名词impact，revolution的形容词为revolutionary。故填revolutionary。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意: 根据马彦河（音译）——该研究的作者所说，植物通过光合作用产生淀粉等碳水化合物的过程是复杂且效率低的。根据句子成分分析，此处是前面的Ma Yanhe的同位语，且根据后文最后一句another author of the study可知，这里所说的作者不是唯一的作者，所以应该用不定冠词泛指，author的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据马彦河（音译）——该研究的作者所说，植物通过光合作用产生淀粉等碳水化合物的过程是复杂且效率低的。根据句子成分分析，本句的谓语动词是is，create是非谓语，此处为“名词+动名词”的复合结构作介词of的宾语，故填creating。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意: 根据马彦河（音译）——该研究的作者所说，植物通过光合作用产生淀粉等碳水化合物的过程是复杂且效率低的。根据后面的It takes a plant about 60 steps of metabolic…可知，植物通过光合作用合成淀粉需要约60个步骤，因此这是一个效率很低的过程。故填inefficient。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：《中国日报》指出，更有效地创造碳水化合物对地球可持续发展非常重要。根据前面的for以及句意可知，这里需要一个名词来作介词for后面的宾语，抽象名词，不可数，故填sustainability。
【43题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：据该研究的另一位作者蔡涛（音译）说，如果这种方法可以扩展到工业化的水平，它将会节省90%以上的农田和淡水资源，并避免农药和化肥对环境的负面影响，它将改善粮食安全和促进社会可持续发展。根据前面的if such an approach can be scaled up(扩展) to the level of industrialization可知，这里是条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时。故填will save。
44题详解】
考查介词。句意：据该研究的另一位作者蔡涛（音译）说，如果这种方法可以扩展到工业化的水平，它将会节省90%以上的农田和淡水资源，并避免农药和化肥对环境的负面影响，它将改善粮食安全和促进社会可持续发展。根据句意，这里说的是农药和肥料的负面影响，有所属关系，可填of，也可填from，表示来源。故填from/of。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：据该研究的另一位作者蔡涛（音译）说，如果这种方法可以扩展到工业化的水平，它将会节省90%以上的农田和淡水资源，并避免农药和化肥对环境的负面影响，它将改善粮食安全和促进社会可持续发展。根据句子成分分析，这里是名词短语作improve后面的宾语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填security。
第三节：单词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
46. Despite his lack ______________ experience, he got the job. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】of
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管缺乏经验，他还是得到了这个工作。根据句意可知，此处为固定搭配lack of“没有，不足，缺乏”。故填of。
47. A lot of people make the ________（assume）that poverty only exists in the third world. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】assumption
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：许多人都认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。根据空格前的the可知空格处填名词，而assume的名词是 assumption。故填assumption。
48. The players had to change their daily __________ (常规) and life style. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】routine
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：球员们不得不改变他们的日常作息和生活方式。“常规”作宾语，用名词routine，不可数名词；daily routine“日常作息；日常生活”。故填routine。
49. I stopped at the square and got out to ______(伸展)my legs（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】stretch
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我在广场停了下来，下车伸展一下腿。根据汉语提示可知，此处用动词stretch(伸展)，此处与to构成动词不定式，用原形，故填stretch。
50. We acquire wisdom from our ancestors, which we can apply __________ our daily life. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】to
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：我们从祖先那里获得智慧，并将其应用到日常生活中。apply...to...意为“将……应用到……”，为固定搭配。故填to。
51. As a matter of fact, there exists a good way to solve the ______(exist) problem.（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】existing
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：事实上，有一个很好的方法来解决现存的问题。根据句意以及空后的problem名词可知，此处为形容词existing“现存的”修饰problem。故填existing。
52. Seeing the girl struggling in the lake, he threw himself in the icy water without ______(hesitate), and saved her from drowning. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】hesitation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：看到女孩在湖中挣扎，他毫不犹豫地跳进冰冷的水中，让她免于溺水。空处应填名词作宾语，hesitation“犹豫”符合题意，抽象名词，不可数，without hesitation“毫不犹豫”。故填hesitation。
53. We must do what we can to prevent the rivers from __________(pollute) by factories. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being polluted
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们必须尽我们所能防止工厂污染河流。介词from后跟动名词作宾语。pollute和逻辑主语the rivers之间是动宾关系，应用动名词的被动形式。故填being polluted。
54. People have a ______(tend) to place too much emphasis on what experts say. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】tendency
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：人们倾向于过分强调专家所说的话。此处应用名词tendency作宾语，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填tendency。
55. Chinese New Year is a ______ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.（用单词适当形式填空）
【答案】celebration
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
56. 假如你是李华，你校计划举办介绍中国传统文化的主题班会，并在英文网站上展示。请你给外国友人Chris写封信，向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国朋友。内容包括：
1. 阐明写信事由；
2. 征求建议；
3. 表达感谢。
注意：
1·字数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Chris,
How are you doing these days I’m writing to ask you some advice.
In order to promote Chinese traditional culture and post some class meetings on English websites, our school is going to organize class meetings, the theme of which is traditional Chinese culture. We can choose a variety of themes, such as calligraphy, martial arts, painting, paper cutting and so on. I’m wondering if you could let me know which of them you like best and which of them people from outside of China are more likely to be interested in.
Thank you for your help. I’d appreciate it if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给Chris写封信，向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国朋友，内容包括：阐明写信事由，征求建议，表达感谢。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
建议：advice→suggestion
推广：promote→spread/popularize
选择：choose→select
对……感兴趣：be interested in→show interest in
2. 句式拓展
简单句改为复合句
原句：We can choose a variety of themes such as calligraphy, martial arts, painting, paper cutting and so on.
拓展句：There are a variety of themes that we can choose from, such as calligraphy, martial arts, painting, paper cutting and so on.
【点睛】【高分句型1】In order to promote Chinese traditional culture and post some class meetings on English websites, our school is going to organize class meetings, the theme of which is traditional Chinese culture.(使用了In order to do…结构表目的、“介词+which”引导非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】I’m wondering if you could let me know which of them you like best and which of them people from outside of China are more likely to be interested in. (使用了if和which引导宾语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
57. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day I got stuck in the Tube on my way to work.
The Tube—that’s what most people call it—is London’s underground railway system.
It was about nine o'clock in the morning, the middle of the rush-hour. Nobody had expected something unusual would happen later and everyone was doing their usual: a pretty girl gave her boyfriend sweet kisses one after another. Sitting next to me, a young woman with a suitcase and a baby took a scarf out of her suitcase and made her baby a nest, so that it could lie more comfortably. In fact, the train had just left Green Park Station when, instead of speeding up, it started to slow down and then came to a stand-still.
Ten minutes passed, though it seemed like half a day. the train didn’t move. Had the railwaymen forgotten all about our existence Had there been a crash on the line in front How serious was the breakdown We had no means of knowing. However, to anxious people who are stuck in the Tube, I suppose it doesn’t really matter what it is that has broken down. What they care is when they can get out of the trouble.
Twenty minutes passed. All hope of getting to work on time had long since gone. Had the train really broken down Several people thought so, but they were wrong. A railwayman at last came down the length of the train to tell us that the power supply had failed, and that we were not to worry as they were working to put it right.
We could not leave the train, as it had stopped in the tunnel (隧道), not at a station. There was nothing else to do. The weak signal disabled cellphones. Besides, the train was getting hot and stuffy (闷). I even began to wonder if we were going to stay there for the rest of the day.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左石：
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The hopeless waiting in the darkness drove us crazy.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As a commuter (上班族) who traveled to work on the train every day, I thought it my duty to do something.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The hopeless waiting in the darkness drove us crazy. We could not bear the heat inside the train any longer. Those standing by the windows attempted to open them to let in fresh air but ended up in failure. The impatient complaints were mixed with angry punches on the wall, which made the baby in the comfortable nest burst out crying.
As a commuter who traveled to work on the train every day, I thought it my duty to do something. Clearing my throat, I picked up my courage and started a song for the baby as well as for everyone out there: Twinkle, Twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are…Unexpectedly, my neighboring passengers joined me immediately they heard me. Then, more and more passengers joined in the song. When we finished the song in chorus, a cheer went up. Because the light flashed and the train moved slowly off towards the next station. At the same time, I could see our faces lit up.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者一天上班途中，火车突然停了下来，车上的人们纷纷猜测发生了什么，二十分钟后，人们终于弄清楚，是火车电源失灵了，正在检修中，因为在隧道里，作者和其他乘客只能呆在又热又闷的火车里，怀疑自己是否会在那里呆一整天。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“黑暗中绝望的等待把我们逼疯了。”可知，第一段可描写作者他们在闷热的火车里很难受，新鲜空气进不来，乘客开始抱怨、焦躁起来。
②由第二段首句内容“作为一个每天坐火车上班的通勤者，我认为做点什么是我的责任。”可知，第二段可描写在这样的不安的情况下，作者唱起小星星，没想到越来越多的乘客加入唱歌，歌唱完，火车灯亮了，火车启动了，人们也露出喜色了。
2.续写线索：等待——抱怨——唱歌——一起唱——火车启动——露出喜色
3.词汇激活
行为类
①等待：waiting in the darkness
②开始唱歌：started a song
③立即加入我：joined me immediately
④露出喜色：lit up
情绪类
①绝望的：hopeless
②不耐烦的抱怨：The impatient complaints
③突然大哭起来：burst out crying
④一阵欢呼声：a cheer
【点睛】[高分句型1]. The impatient complaints were mixed with angry punches on the wall, which made the baby in the comfortable nest burst out crying.（由关系词which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]. Clearing my throat, I picked up my courage and started a song for the baby as well as for everyone out there: Twinkle, Twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are…（现在分词短语作状语）
