Unit 1 Friendship 语法Direct Speech and Indirect Speach

Direct Speech & Indirect Speech
Mr. Black said, “I’m busy.”
直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。(直接引语一般前后要加引号）
Mr. Black said that he was busy.
用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。(间接引语在多数情况构成宾语从句，不用引号）。
Ⅰ. 一般现在时
例：Jim says, “I play basketball every day.” →直接引语
Jim says that he plays basketball every day. →间接引语
这两个句子有什么变化？
练习1：
1. She says, “I am tired.”
She says ___ ____________.
2. Tom says, “I am happy.”
Tom says .
3. He says, “I like reading.”
He says .
4. They say, “We play tennis every Friday.”
They say .
5. He says, “I like singing and I want to be a singer.”
He says .
Ⅱ. 一般过去时
例：Mr. Black said, “I’m busy.” →直接引语
Mr. Black said that he was busy. →间接引语
一般过去时直接引语变为间接引语的时态变化：
直接引语direct speech 间接引语indirect speech
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去完成时
练习2：
1. The lawyer said, “I will come this morning.”
2. He said, “These books are mine.”
3. She said, “It is nine o’clock now.”
4. Bob said to me, “My sister was here three days ago.”
5. David said, “I haven’t seen her today.”
6. She said, “I went there yesterday.”
7. She said, “I’ll go there tomorrow.”
8. The captain said, “They will arrive the day after tomorrow.”
小结：
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this
these
时间状语 now
today
this week
yesterday
last week
four days ago
the day before yesterday
tomorrow
next month
地点状语 here
方向性动词 come
bring
小贴士：间接引语中不用say to sb，要用tell sb来引述。
将下面的句子改为间接引语：
The geography teache ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
Ⅲ.一般疑问句
例：“Do you think a d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iary can become your friend ” the writer asked Anne.
The writer aske ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d Anne if / whether she thought a diary could become her friend.
间接引语用连词 引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是 的语序。
再如：He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation ”
He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with pronunciation.
试试：He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you ”
练习3：
1. I asked him, “Are you satisfied with the results ”
2. “Did you go to the British Museum yesterday ” asked Kate.
3. The old man said ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to a passer-by, “Will you tell me the way to get to the Great Wall Hotel ”
4. He said, “Are you interested in English or not ”
5. “Do you like Chinese food or Japanese food ” he asked.
6. I said to myself, “Am I fit for the job ”
小贴士：引述词say to oneself常改成wonder。
Ⅳ. 特殊疑问句
例：“What do you call your diary ” Anne’s sister asked her.
Anne’s sister asked her what she called her diary.
间接引语用原句中的 ，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是 的语序.
练习4
1. “What do you do in your free time ” he asked me.
2. “Why did she go to America ” Paul asked.
3. He asked, “What’s the matter with you ”
4. He asked, “What’s wrong with you ”
Summary:
在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化:
1. 注意时态的变化
2. 注意人称变化
3. 注意语序的变化
4. 其他(指示代词、时间地点状语、动词等)
单项选择
1. He asked ________ for the computer.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. “Have you seen the film ” he asked me. →He asked me _______.
A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film
C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film
3. “Please close the window,” he said to me.
→He ______ me _____ the window.
A. said to; to close B. told to; closing
C. asked; to close D. said to; please close
4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said _________.
A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher
C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher
5. He said, “Mother, t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he boy is very naughty.” →He ________ very naughty.
A. said his mother that the boy was
B. said to his mother that the boy is
C. told his mother that the boy was
D. spoke to his mother that the boy was
6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you ” she asked.
→She asked ________.
A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you
B. whether I had already got well
C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.
7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member ”
→He asked me _________.
A. am I a Party member or a League member
B. was I a Party member or a League member
C. if I was a Party member or a League member
D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.
8. He asked, “How are you getting along ” →He asked _______.
A. how am I getting along
B. how are you getting along
C. how I was getting along
D. how was I getting along
9. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what the matter is B. what the mater was
C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter
Ⅴ. 祈使句
1. 祈使句表示命令时，要 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )把直接引语的动词say变成command, order, tell等动词，被转述的部分改为动词不定式。否定祈使句改为not to do结构。
例：“Stay where you are,” she said.
She told me to stay where I was.
“Don’t smoke in the room,” he said.
2. 祈使句表示请求时，常把直接引语的动词say变成ask, beg, request, urge等动词。
例： She said to me, “Please wait till I return, will you ”

3. 以Let’s开头的祈使的句，通常将引述动词改为suggest，然后再接that从句。
例： John said to Bill, “Let’s go hiking tomorrow.”

课后练习
一、将下列句子变为间接引语：
1. “You should be more careful next time,” his father said to him.
2. Mr. Wang ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children”
3. “I haven’t heard from my parents these days,” said Mary.
4. The geography teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.”
5. She said, “Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago, Mr. Li ”
6. Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”
7. John said to his parents, “I had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.”
8. “Write your names on your papers first,” the teacher said to us.
9. “Are you sorry ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for what you have done ” the mother asked the naughty boy.
10. “Have you anything interesting I can read, George ” she said.
11. “She’s here to ask for help, isn’t she ” he asked.
12. “Where are you going ” the father asked his son.
二、单选题
1. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again.
A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do
C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do
2. The teacher said to me, “Have you finished your homework ”
A. The teacher asked me whether I have finished my homework.
B. The teacher asked me whether I finished my homework.
C. The teacher asked me whether had I finished my homework.
D. The teacher asked me whether I had finished my homework.
3. She said to her son, “Don’t play in the street.”
A. She said to her son that he didn’t play in the street.
B. She told to her son not to play in the street.
C. She told her son that he didn’t play ion the street.
D. She told her son not to play in the street.
4. He asked _____.
A. where is the railway station. B. where the railway station is
C. where was the railway station D. where the railway station was
5. The inspector said, “This machine is the worst I’ve ever seen.”
A. The inspector said that machine was the worst I’d ever seen.
B. The inspector said that machine was the worst I’ve ever seen.
C. The inspector said that machine was the worst he ever saw.
D. The inspector sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id that that machine was the worst he had ever seen.
6. She told me this morning _____.
A. how had the accident happened B. how did the accident happened
C. how happened the accident D. how the accident had happened
7. The policeman asked him _____.
A. what was his name B. what his name was
C. which was his name D. who was his name
8. He told us he _____ a concert _____ .
A. had attended ... three days before
B. attended ... three days ago
C. would attend ... since three days
D. was attending ... for three days
9. The policeman asked him _____ .
A. what was his number plate B. what his number plate was
C. how much his number plate was D. how many his number plate was
10. The biology teacher said, “The leaves come out in spring.”
A. The biology teacher said that the leaves come out in spring.
B. The biology teacher said that the leaves came out in spring.
C. The biology teacher said that the leaves would come out in spring.
D. The biology ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )teacher said that the leaves should come out in spring.
11. He asked me _____.
A. whether I knew where his brother has gone
B. if I knew where his brother had gone
C. that I knew where his brother had gone
D. whether I knew where his brother went
12. I wondered _____ to come to the party.
A. should he been asked B. if he is asked
C. if he should have been asked D. if he should asked
13. He asked me how _____ my research work.
A. I’m getting on with B. am I getting on with
C. I was getting along with D. I were getting along with
14. Do you know _____
A. what the population of China is
B. how much is the population of China
C. what is the population of China
D. how many the population of china is
15. I wonder _____.
A. how much these shoes cost
B. how much cost these shoes
C. how much do these shoes cost
D. how much are these shoes cost
16. The teacher asked, “Where are you going, John ”
A. The teacher asked where was John going
B. The teacher asked him where John was going.
C. The teacher asked John where he was going.
D. The teacher asked John where he went.
17. “My sister is coming here with us tonight.” Ann said.
A. Ann said that her sister is coming here with us tonight.
B. Ann said that her sister was coming here with them tonight.
C. Ann said that her sister was coming there that night.
D. Ann said that her sister was going there with them that night.
18. The servant asked, “Is there anything else I can do ”
A. The servant asked was there anything else he can do.
B. The servant asked there was anything else he could do.
C. The servant asked if there was anything else he could do.
D. The servant asked whether there was anything else he could do.
19. The young policeman told the boys _____ .
A. never to play with fire B. not to play the fire
C. not to play fire D. don’t play with the fire
20. Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been