外研版（2019）必修第二册Unit6 Earth first Understanding ideas学案（无答案）

Unit 6 词汇学案
1. shark：音译词“鲨鱼”
2. scare：近义词：frighten；
派生词：scary, scared (分词形容词)
词块：scare … away / off
3. due to = because of
4. dive：一词多义：基本义“向下冲”
隐喻：具体的“跳水” → 抽象的“冲向；俯冲”
词块：dive into, go diving；
派生词：diver
5. target：隐喻：具体的“靶子（目标）”→ 抽象的“目标（靶子）”
词块：set a target, achieve / realise one’s target, target audience
名词动词化：be targeted at
6. fortunately：fortunate + -ly；同义词 luckily，句子副词
词族：fortune, fortunate, fortunately, unfortunate, unfortunately
7. extinction：extinct (adj 灭绝的) + -tion
词块：be in danger of / be on the edge of extinction
8. attitude：精准的汉语释义“态度”
词块：a good / bad / positive / negative attitude towards / to sth
9. devote：由de- (表示强调) + -vote (to vow 说、发愿)构成。词源义是“发下宏愿”，引申为“致力于”“献身于”。
词块：devote oneself to, devote … to
10. ocean：英式英语用sea，美式英语用ocean
11. highlight：high + light，原为绘画术语，即最明亮的部分，后引申为“做标记、强调”
12. cruelty：cruel (adj 残忍的) + -y (名词后缀)
13. hunting：hunt (v 打猎) + -ing；
词块：go hunting
词族：hunt, hunter, hunting
14. presentation：present + -ation；
词块：give a presentation
15. reserve：re- (back 回) + -servare (protect 保护)
同根词：observe (必修一U3)
词块：reserve the right to do sth, reserve a room, oil reserves, a wildlife reserve
派生词：reservation (make a reservation)
16. staff：精准的汉语释义“全体职工”，作主语时谓语动词用复数
17. establish：近义词：set up, open, found (found更强调注入资金)
词块：establish oneself as
派生词：established (an established company 老牌公司)
18. damage：精准的汉语释义“损害；损坏”
词块：cause / do damage to
19. flood：隐喻：具体的“洪水” → 抽象的“大量 / 大批”
名词动词化（基本义“像洪水一样涌入”）
affect：基本义“影响”；熟词生义：使感动；使感染 (疾病)
21. supply：n 词块：school / medical supplies, supply and demand, the electricity supply；
v 词块： supply sth to sb / supply sb with sth
22. restore：re- (back 回) + store (储存) → 重新放回储存 → 恢复、修复
23. adopt：ad (to 去) + opt (选择) → 选择然后采用 → 采纳 → 选择后领走 → 收养
同根词：option (必修一U3)
派生词：adopted
24. sustainable：sustain (v 维持) + -able → 可持续的
词块：sustainable development
25. bulb：词块：a 60-watt bulb, energy-saving / energy-efficient bulbs
26. renewable：re- + new + -able ；
词块：renewable energy / resources
27. carbon：词块：carbon dioxide (CO2), low-carbon lifestyle
28. greenhouse：green + house；
词块：greenhouse effect
29. reusable：re + use + -able
30. brochure：词源：来自于法语broch (缝合) + -ure (名词后缀) → 缝合在一起的物品 → 册子
31. reduce：re- (back 向后) + -duc (bring, lead 带) → 带回 → 减少
词块：reduce from … to, reduce by
32. solar：词块：solar energy / power
33. release：词源：re- + lease (loosen 松开)，词源义和基本义为“放开；松开”；
词块：release a movie
34. smog：拼缀法：smoke + fog，原用以指伦敦曾经被浓烟笼罩的情形
35. fog：词块：heavy / thick fog；
派生词：foggy
36. severe：一词多义：基本义“严重的” (extremely bad or serious)
37. infection：infect (v 传染) + -tion
38. lecture：词块：attend / go to a lecture, give / deliver a lecture on / about sth
熟词生义：教训 (give sb a lecture about sth = lecture sb about sth)
39. permission：permit (v 允许) + -sion
词块：ask (for) permission, without permission, permission to do sth
40. slide：一词多义：基本义“滑动”；名词“滑梯”
熟词生义：幻灯片
attitude
①态度；看法：
have / take / adopt a positive attitude
Everything depends on people’s attitude. / Attitude is everything.
attitude to / toward(s):
We should develop a good attitude to life.
②姿势：
He knelt in an attitude of prayer.
devote vt
把……用于；致力于；献身于：
Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild homes.
She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
devote oneself to 献身于；致力于；专心于：
If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
写作同义异构：除了devote oneself to你还能想到哪些表示“专注于/ 致力于做某事”的表达？
be lost in be absorbed in be engaged in be involved in focus on concentrate on
【词汇拓展】
devoted adj 挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的：
Her son, to whom she was so devoted, went abroad ten years ago.
devotion n [U] 献身；忠诚；热爱；专心：
devotion to duty
I respected his devotion to teaching.
reserve vt
① 保留；保存；储备：
These seats are reserved for special guests.
If you order after that, we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests.
I’ll reserve my judgment until I find all the evidence.
② 预订 (book)：
reserve a room / ticket
reserve n
① [C] [常用复数] 储备：
oil / gold reserves
② [C] (野生动植物的) 保护区：
This coastal area was named a national wildlife reserve last year.
【词汇拓展】
reservation n
① [C] & [U] 保留；异议：
I accept your statement without reservation (= completely).
② [C] (旅馆房间、剧院座位等的) 预订：
I’ll call the restaurant to make a reservation.
establish vt
① 建立；创立；设立 (set up)：
establish contact / a relationship with
The company was established in 1980.
【辨析】
establish 公司、机构等（正式用语）
set up 公司、机构等（日常用语）
found 公司、机构等 （强调提供资金）
open 商店、餐馆、旅馆等（服务性质）
② 确立；立足；得到认可：
By 1909, Picasso had established himself as a painter of great talent in Paris.
By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California.
This novel established the reputation he still enjoys today as one of America’s greatest writers.
established adj 已确立的；确定的：
an established fact
an established company
damage n
① [U] 损害；损坏；损失 harm or injury caused when sth is broken or spoiled：
He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage.
do / cause damage to
The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years.
② [C] [复数] 损害赔偿金：
He was ordered to pay damages of $30,000.
damage vt
■ 损害；损坏：(名词动化）
Don’t damage your health for a good figure.
destroy vt (必修一 Unit 6)
① 毁坏；摧毁；毁掉：
The building was completely destroyed by fire.
② 消灭；杀死：
The dog attacked a child and had to be destroyed.
ruin vt
① 糟蹋；(完全地) 毁坏：
Don’t let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.
② 使破产：
If she loses the court case it will ruin her.
n
① [U] 毁灭；破产：
the ruin of civilization
financial ruin
② [C] [常用复数] 废墟；遗迹；残余：
the ruins of Rome
in ruins 成废墟；严重受损：
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
小结
运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分damage, destroy和ruin。
◆ damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配；
◆ destroy 侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和completely、entirely等副词搭配；
◆ ruin 侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。
头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了 ，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。
flood
■ n
① [C] & [U] 洪水；水灾：
The river was in flood.
Police have issued flood warnings.
② [C] 大批；大量：
floods of rain
A simple click can bring us a flood of music, movies and PC games.
■ v
① vi & vt (被) 淹没；(使) 泛滥：
Heavy rainfalls flooded the village.
② vi (洪水般地) 涌进：
Individual e-mail boxes are sometimes flooded with spam e-mails.
When we visited my old family home, memory came flooding back.
flooded adj 洪水泛滥的
flooding n [U] 水灾；洪水泛滥
affect vt
① 影响 to influence sb / sth：(基本义）
With the government’s aid, those (who were) affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
② [常用于被动语态] 使感动；打动：
She was deeply affected by the story.
③ 使感染 (疾病)：
Diseases affect almost everyone at some time during their lives.
词语辨析 affect / effect
affect（动词）= to have an influence on sb / sth；影响某人 / 某事：
Does television affect children’s behaviour
effect（名词）= result, influence；作用；影响：
Does television have an effect on children’s behaviour
supply
■ n
① [C] 供应量；补给量：
There was a plentiful supply of cheap labour.
Water is in short supply.
②［复数］生活必需品；补给品：
school / medical / relief supplies
③ [U] 供应；供给：
supply and demand
cut off the electricity supply
■ vt 供给；供应；提供：
supply sth to sb / supply sb with sth:
The media supplies lots of information to us every day.
辨析provide, offer, supply
三者都有“供给、提供”的意思，但用法不同。
provide 指有远见，为应付意外、紧急情况等作好充分准备而“供给、提供”，常用provide sth for sb或provide sb with sth结构。
The Red Cross provides food and shelter for disaster victims.
The project is designed to provide young people with work.
offer 侧重表示“愿意给予”，常用offer sb sth或offer to do sth结构。
She offered me a reward for the return of her lost mobile phone.
He offered to go instead of me.
supply 通常指定期“供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品，常用supply sb with sth或supply sth to sb结构。
The butcher supplies us with meat.
reduce
vt & vi 缩减；减少：
The price has been reduced from $10 to $8.
Eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%.
reduce to［常用于被动语态］使陷入（更坏的）境地；使沦落：
She was reduced to tears by their cruel words.
There lay my house, reduced to ruins, smelly and dirty.
【词汇拓展】
reduction n [C] & [U] 缩减；减少：
strategies for noise reduction
release vt
①放开；松开：
Don’t release the rope.
② 释放；排放 ：
release a prisoner
The factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty.
③ 首映（电影）；发行（CD、书等）；发布（新闻等）：
release a movie / new version
④ 发泄；宣泄 ：
Physical exercise is a good way of releasing stress.
⑤ 解雇
release n
① [U]［可用单数］放走；释放；排放；宣泄：
a release from prison
the release of homing pigeons
② [U]［可用单数］发行；发布：
The software is planned for release in April.
③ [C] 发行的影片等；发布的新闻等：
the latest release
severe adj
① 严重的 extremely bad or serious：
severe damage / a severe drought
② 严厉的；苛刻的：
be severe with oneself
③ 严峻的；激烈的：
a severe winter
severe competition
词汇拓展
severely adv 严重地；严厉地：
a severely polluted lake
Anyone breaking the law will be severely punished.
本单元金句汇总
1. Everything depends on people’s attitude. / Attitude is everything.
2. We should develop a good attitude to life.
3. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
4. If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
5. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years.
6. When we visited my old family home, memory came flooding back.
随堂检测
attitude
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I had to change my attitude about their ability and potential. _______
2. Happiness doesn’t depend on any external conditions. It is governed by our mental attitude. _______
3. Her hands were folded in an attitude of prayer. _______
二、将下列句子译成英语。
1. 态度决定一切。
_______________________________________________________
你应该以积极的态度面对生活。
_______________________________________________________
devote
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. She devoted herself _______ her career.
2. In real life the star of the film is a _______ (devote) husband and father.
3. Her _______(devote) to the job left her with very little free time.
二、根据所给汉语，完成句子。
1. If I become a teacher, I will____________________________(全身心地投入)giving them a better education.
2. He has ____________________________(将一生奉献给) world peace.
3. The meeting will ____________________________(用于) health and safety issues.
4. He ___________________________________(深爱着) his family.
reserve
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I reserved a room in the name of Jones. ________
2. The management reserve the right to refuse admission. ________
3. This area was once a wildlife reserve last year. ________
4. We still have food reserves in case of emergency. ________
establish
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Our goal is to establish a new research centre in the north. __________
2. He’d already begun to establish a reputation as a journalist. __________
3. He has just set up his own business, but it will take him a while to get established. __________
二、根据汉语提示，完成下列句子。
1. The purchase price could also be a signal that an ___________________ (老牌公司) is buying a new-born threat (威胁).
2. A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before _____________________ (正确建立).
damage, destroy, ruin
一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。
damage, destroy, ruin
1. The bus was badly ______________ when it hit the wall.
2. The building was completely ______________ by fire.
3. It poured with rain and my dress got ______________.
4. This illnesss has _____________ my life.
5. Ninety percent of their island was _____________ and they had nothing.
6. The homeless shelter was entirely _____________ in the huge earthquake.
flood
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs. ___________
2. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there’s none left.___________
3. The rain caused the streets to flood and the subway system almost came to a stop.___________
4. Donations began flooding in from hundreds of people. ___________
affect
一、根据句意选出 affect 的最佳释义。
① 影响
② [常用于被动语态] 使感动；打动
③使感染 (疾病)
__________ 1. Welch examined a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly disease mainly affecting children.
__________ 2. With the government’s aid, those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
__________ 3. I was deeply affected by the film.
二、选出适当的单词，并用其适当形式填空。
(affect, effect)
1. I tried to persuade him, but with little or no ____________.
2. When I was 50, my weight problem began to ____________ me seriously.
supply
根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. _____________ (食品补给) in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there’s none left. 2. The Help Desk ___________________ (为……提供服务) you all the year round!
3. She survived because of ____________________ (充足的供应) of fresh water.
4. Water is _______________ (供应短缺), pollution is worsening, and there is no affordable housing left for them to buy.
reduce
一、选出能替换画线部分的单词或短语。
The price has been reduced from $10 to $8. (cut / doubled)
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
Small businesses will need to ______________ (减少成本) in order to survive.
2. One of the most effective ways to _____________________ (减压) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
3. The workers had been ______________ (减少了一半).
release
一、请将下列短语翻译成汉语。
1. press releases __________
2. sign a release __________
3. release information __________
4. release a new film __________
5. release prisoners of war ____________
6. release the creative powers of the people _______________
二、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
He ____________________ (放开了她的胳膊).
2. Don’t ______________________________ (放开绳索).
3. The prisoner was questioned _______________ (在他获得释放之前).
4. The new film will _____________________ (将于下个月发行).
5. After my examination I had __________________ (如释重负).
6. The trainer ________________________________ (把鲸鱼放归大海).
severe
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The US faces severe economic problems. ________
2. She was a severe woman who seldom smiled. ________
3. The negotiations (谈判) will be a severe test of abilities. ________
4. She wore a severe black dress, and plain black shoes. ________