新课标人教版高中英语必修5《Unit 1 Great scientists》同步练习.doc

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人教版英语高二必修5 Unit1 Great scientists 同步练习
一、单项选择
1. We reached the _________ that he was against our plan.
A. consequence
B. conclusion
C. agreement
D.appointment
答案：B
知识点：名词/名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
解析：reach a conclusion意为“得出结论”。句意：我们得出结论他反对我们的计划。其他三个选项都不符合句意。根据句意，故选B。
点评：考查名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择，要注意动词词组的使用，找对了正确的动词词组搭配，答案就很容易找到。
2. We’d like as many people as possible to _________ the lecture.
A. take
B. reach
C.attend
D.expose
答案：C
知识点：动词/动词的词义辨析
解析：attend意为“出席，参加”。attend a lecture意为“听演讲”。其他三个动词不能与lecture搭配。句意：我们希望尽可能多的人听演讲。
点评：考查动词的词义辨析，应注意表达“听演讲”时，需使用动词attend。同样的用法还有：attend church意为“去教堂”。
3. Being __________ to the sunlight for a long time is harmful to your skin.
A. exposed
B. burnt
C.touched
D.closed
答案：A
知识点：动词/动词的词义辨析
解析：expose意为“使暴露”，常与介词to连用。burn意为“燃烧”；touch意为“触摸”；close意为“关闭”。句意：在阳光下暴晒很长时间对皮肤有害。
点评：考查动词的词义辨析，应注意expose经常与介词to搭配，找准句子中的介词就可以判断出答案。
4. There is no known _________ but the illness can be treated.
A. clue
B. cure
C.solution
D.medicine
答案：B
知识点：名词/名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
解析：clue意为“线索”；cure意为“治疗，治疗法”；solution意为“解决”；medicine意为“药物”。句意：这种病尚没有明确的治愈方法，但可以治愈。根据句子中的treated可以确定答案为cure。
点评：考查名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择，根据句子中意义相近的词来判断所填词的意思，另外要注意一些具有多个词性的词语。
5. The boy was _________ in the book and paid no attention to what was going on around him.
A. absorbed
B. involved
C.interested
D.skilled
答案：A
知识点：动词/动词短语的辨析
解析：be absorbed in意为“集中精力做某事”；be involved in意为“涉及，被卷入”；be interested in意为“对某物感兴趣”；be skilled in意为“擅长”。句意：那个男孩聚精会神地读书，没有注意身边发生的事情。
点评：考查动词短语的辨析，根据句子意思来判断应该使用哪个短语，语境是关键。
6. Most people _________ some money towards the new church buildings.
A. concluded
B. rejected
C.contributed
D.announced
答案：C
知识点：动词/动词的词义辨析
解析：conclude意为“得出结论，推断出”；reject意为“拒绝，废弃”；contribute意为“捐赠（金钱、物品等），贡献（时间、精力等）”；announce意为“宣布，宣告，通知”。句意：大部分人都为教堂的新建筑捐了一点钱。
点评：考查动词的词义辨析，根据所填动词后的名词来判断所需动词的词义。四个选项中可以和money搭配的只有contribute，意为捐钱。
7. A better plan was _________ at the meeting yesterday.
A. put up
B. put off
C. put up with
D.put forward
答案：D
知识点：动词/动词短语的辨析
解析：put up意为“张贴，举起，建造”；put off意为“推迟，取消”；put up with意为“容忍，忍受”；put forward意为“提出（要求、计划、理论等），推荐”。句意：昨天在会议上有更好的计划被提出来了。
点评：考查动词短语的辨析，能和plan搭配的只有put forward。做这类题要注意区分同一个动词所构成的不同词组，这需要同学们平常打好扎实的基本功。
8. To my mother’s great worry, I got ________ in the right leg in the match yesterday.
A. injure
B. injury
C. injured
D.injuring
答案：C
知识点：动词/动词的基本形式/过去式和过去分词
解析：get injured意为“受伤”，此处是过去分词injured作动词injure的表语。句意：令母亲担心的是，我昨天在足球比赛中摔伤了右腿。
点评：考查动词的过去分词作表语，这是一个常考的语法点，过去分词可以作表语也可以作定语，同学们平时要多加练习这个语法点。
9. The pen _________ which I always write with was broken by accident.
A. in
B. with
C. by
D. /
答案：B
知识点：介词/表方式、方法、手段
解析：空格处所填的介词和动词write构成搭配，即write with the pen。with which I always write with是定语从句，修饰先行词the pen。句意：我经常写字用的那支钢笔昨天被我意外地弄坏了。
点评：考查介词，也是考查定语从句的引导词。“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。
10. It is suggested that the work _________ as soon as possible.
A. be finished
B. finished
C. finish
D. finishing
答案：A
知识点：虚拟语气；宾语从句
解析：suggest意为“建议”时，后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，但当其意为“暗示，说明”时，句子不需要使用虚拟语气。句意：有人建议那项工作要尽早完成。
点评：考查虚拟语气。 动词 wish, suggest, order, insist, propose等后面的宾语从句中常使用虚拟语气。
单词拼写
11. By not working hard enough, you _________(打败) your own purpose.
答案：defeated
知识点：动词/动词的基本形式/过去式和过去分词；动词的时态/一般过去时
解析：defeat以为“打败，击败”，此处应使用一般过去时态，因为By not working hard enough是一个原因状语从句，且defeat这个动作发生在过去。句意：因为没有努力工作，你没有达到你的目的。
点评：考查动词的拼写以及动词的过去式。 同学们在记忆单词时，一定要注意单词的正确拼写。当把单词运用在句子中时，要注意句子的时态和语态。
12. I’ve always been very __________(谨慎的)about giving my address to strangers.
答案：cautious
知识点：形容词
解析：cautious意为“谨慎的，小心的”。be cautious about意为“对······小心，谨慎”。句意：我总是很小心，不轻易把我的地址给陌生人。
点评：考查形容词的拼写。同学们看到“谨慎的”这些字眼时，会联想到几个表示这个意思的单词，那么就需要进一步观察语境来确定最终要填的正确的单词。
13. I was impressed by her way of ___________(处理) the affair.
答案：handling
知识点：动词/动词的基本形式/现在分词
解析：handle意为“处理”。handle sth.意为“处理某事”。注意空格前面有介词of，故动词handle应使用现在分词形式。句意：她处理事情的方式给了留下了很深的印象。
点评：考查现在分词。同学们在做填空题填写动词时，一定要瞻前顾后，结合语境来确定动词的时态和语态。
14. Which driver was to __________(应受责备) for the accident
答案：blame
知识点：动词/动词的基本形式/原形
解析：blame意为“责备，责怪”。be to blame意为“应受责备”，为固定搭配。句意：在这次事故中，哪一个司机应该受责备呢？
点评：考查动词原形和动词短语。同学们平时一定要加强对于固定搭配的记忆，这可以在考试时提高做题速度。
15.Have they _________(宣布) when the race will begin
答案：announced
知识点：动词/动词的基本形式/过去式和过去分词；动词的时态/现在完成时
解析：announce意为“宣布，宣告，通知”。注意句子中有have，即句子应使用现在完成时，故使用announce的过去分词形式。句意：他们有没有宣布比赛什么时候开始？
点评：考查动词的过去分词。在做填空题时，一定要全面观察整个句子，揣摩语境，判断时态语态。
选词填空
16. I’m __________ of the job because it is ___________.(tiring, tired)
答案：tired，tiring
知识点：形容词/-ing形容词和-ed形容词
解析：-ed形容词修饰人，指人感到······，-ing形容词修饰物，指物体令人感到······。句意：我厌倦了这项工作，因为这项工作令人感到疲倦。
点评：考查-ing形容词和-ed形容词。-ing形容词和-ed形容词是考查重点，同学们一定要能够区分、牢记并且应用。
17. The film was _________ and I was _____________ with it.(disappointing, disappointed)
答案：disappointing，disappointed
知识点：形容词/-ing形容词和-ed形容词
解析：-ed形容词修饰人，指人感到······，-ing形容词修饰物，指物体令人感到······。句意：这个电影令人失望，而且我对它很失望。be disappointed with...意为“对······感到失望”。
点评：考查-ing形容词和-ed形容词。-ing形容词和-ed形容词是考查重点，同学们一定要能够区分、牢记并且应用。
18.__________ countries should help _________ones.(developing, developed)
答案：Developed，developing
知识点：形容词/-ing形容词和-ed形容词
解析：developing意为“发展中的”，developed意为“发展的”。developing countries指发展中国家，developed countries指发展国家。句意：发展国家应该帮助发展中国家。注意Developed首字母的大写。
点评：考查-ing形容词和-ed形容词。同学们要注意区分发展中国家和发展国家的用法。
19. He seemed __________ about the __________ problems.(puzzling, puzzled)
答案：puzzled，puzzling
知识点：形容词/-ing形容词和-ed形容词
解析：-ed形容词修饰人，指人感到······，-ing形容词修饰物，指物体令人感到······。句意：他似乎对这个让人迷惑的问题感到很困惑。
点评：考查-ing形容词和-ed形容词。-ing形容词和-ed形容词是考查重点，同学们一定要能够区分、牢记并且应用。
20.We were very __________ when we heard the ________ news.(shocking, shocked)
答案：shocked，shocking
知识点：形容词/-ing形容词和-ed形容词
解析：-ed形容词修饰人，指人感到······，-ing形容词修饰物，指物体令人感到······。句意：当我们听到这个令人震惊的消息是我们很吃惊。
点评：考查-ing形容词和-ed形容词。-ing形容词和-ed形容词是考查重点，同学们一定要能够区分、牢记并且应用。
21.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Among the few scientists who have had a great effect on science and history, Albert Einstein is perhaps the __①________ (great). An American university president once commented that Einstein had created __②________ new view of the universe. His theory has __③___________ (complete) changed the way scientists understand time and space. Now, more and more people agree that the universe is something more complicated than __④____________ they have ever thought before.
Einstein __⑤_________ (bear) in Germany in 1879. In 1914, young Einstein, already internationally famous, became a professor at an institute in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited opportunities for study. However, __⑥__________ (he) peaceful life was soon broken by the First World War.
Einstein hated violence. He was deeply affected by the war; he sat __⑦_________ (happily) in his office doing nothing and lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.
In the years __⑧___________ (follow) the First World War, people showered honor upon him. He became the head of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Theoretical Physics. In 1921 he won the Noble Prize __⑨__________ Physics and was greatly honored and respected in Germany. However, his life was again disrupted. The Second World War broke out and Einstein had to move to the US，where he lived until his ___⑩________(die) in 1955.
答案：①greatest
②a
③completely
④what
⑤was born
⑥his
⑦ unhappily 　
⑧following
⑨for
⑩death
知识点：形容词；副词；连词；动词
解析： 【文章大意】本文简单介绍了伟大的科学家爱因斯坦的生平。
①结合语境考查形容词的最高级。由上文信息可知此处表示三者以上的人之间的比较，所以用最高级。句意：在为数不多的对科学和历史有重大影响的科学家中，爱因斯坦是最伟大的。
②结合语境考查冠词。a new view of...“看待……的一种新观点”。结合语境可知，应用a，因为不定冠词可以表示泛指。
③结合语境考查副词。此处completely修饰动词changed。
④结合语境考查名词性从句。此处what相当于the universe that。句意为“现在越来越多的人赞同这个说法：宇宙要比他们以前想象的复杂得多”。
⑤结合语境考查动词的时态和语态。表示人的出生常用was born。句意：爱因斯坦于1879年生于德国。
⑥结合语境考查形容词性物主代词。名词前设空，答案首选限定词；结合语境可知，此处应填his。句意：然而，很快第一次世界大战把他平静的生活打破了。
⑦ 结合语境考查词形转换。由文章中的“Einstein hated violence. He was deeply affected by the war”可知此处用happily不合适，应用它的反义词unhappily。　
⑧结合语境考查非谓语动词作定语。此处意为“在第一次世界大战以后的日子里”。years与动词follow之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词。
⑨结合语境考查介词的用法。表示获得某方面的诺贝尔奖时常用介词for。句意：1921年他荣获诺贝尔物理学奖，深受德国人民的爱戴。
⑩结合语境考查名词。形容词性物主代词his后接名词。
点评：本文简单介绍了伟大的科学家爱因斯坦的生平。语法填空题常考词类有：形容词、副词、名词、介词、连词、冠词、助动词、动词的时态语态、非谓语动词。一般是7个空给出提示词，或变换词性，或变换词形。另外三个不给提示词的一般是考查连词、介词、冠词和助动词。
22.阅读理解
Human beings are the most intelligent of all animals because we are gifted with the ability to think and reason logically. scientists and even common people with special intelligence have made a lot of inventions and contributions to modern lifestyle in the past. “Houses” have been the most popular area for discoveries and inventions in the past and even now.
Many household items have been the result of inventions of people who desired better functioning of the existent products. Every individual has intelligence and if it is used properly for the right purpose it leads to invention of a new tool or device. Many new household inventions are made almost every day and there are specific companies, which particularly keep a record of all these inventions.
A lot of inventions have been made recently in the household field. The patented sliding cinch is a very simple but effective method to prevent shoulder stress and injury for those who work before computers all day long. All the outdoor dust, mud and snow can be kept out of the house by installing(安装)the dirt drain(排水管)at the entrance of the door. Another important invention is the automatic toilet night-light, in which a small light starts when the lid of the toilet seat is opened and closes as soon as the lid is closed.
These are some of the new household inventions invented mostly by common people. Thus, a variety of new household items are invented every day, which helps in a better functioning of household chores and in a more useful manner.
①. The first paragraph tells us the importance of____________.
A. the particular changes in houses
B. the advantages of modern lifestyle
C. the difference between human beings and animals
D. human beings’ role in making inventions
②. What plays the most important role in causing people to invent new things
A. To improve the present living conditions.
B. To earn more money and gain awards.
C. To be recorded by some special companies.
D. To meet the new demands of new science.
③. It can be inferred that the sliding cinch is used to____________.
A. prevent your shoulder from being over-pressured
B. keep your shoulder safe and sound when you are in an accident or an operation
C. help you practice your shoulder more often and reduce shoulder pains
D. cover your shoulder and make it stronger to resist the outside strike
④.The passage is mainly talking about ____________.
A. the correct use of household facilities
B. household inventions and their influence
C. different ideas about household inventions
D. the history of household inventions
答案：①D
②A
③A
④B
知识点： 阅读表达
解析： 【文章大意】这篇文章主要讲了人们在日常生活中，为了提高生活质量，发明了许多家用发明并且阐述了家用发明所产生的影响。
①推理判断题。根据第一段内容：人类是所有动物中最聪明的动物，因为我们有思考和逻辑推理的能力。科学家甚至是有特殊的智力的普通人已经在过去有许多的发明和为现代生活方式作出贡献。房屋在过去和现在都是适合发现和发明的最受欢迎的地区，可以判断出D正确。
②细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Many household items have been the result of inventions of people who desired better functioning of the existent products. 可知人们发明东西的目的在于改善现在的生存状况，故选A项。
③A细节理解题。根据第三段The patented sliding cinch is a very simple but effective method to prevent shoulder stress and injury for those who work before computers all day long.滑动的专利对整天在电脑前工作的那些人来说是一个防止肩压力和损伤的很简单且非常有效的方法。
④总结归纳题。根据全文内可以知道本文讲的是家居产品的发明的原因，过程以及带给人们的生活的影响，所以B正确。
点评：本文主要讲述了人们在日常生活中的一些发明，这些发明使得我们的生活更加便利。主要考查了推理判断题、细节理解题和总结归纳题。题目难度不大，贴近生活。做阅读理解题时，同学们一定要认真阅读整篇文章，选择正确选项时，不能主观臆断，一定要做到有理有据。
23.阅读理解
Albert Einstein(1879—1955) was one of the greatest and most original scientific thinkers of all time.?
Born of Jewish parents in Germany, he completed his education in Switzerland and got his Ph.D at the University of Zurich. He went to live in the United States in 1933 because of the rise of Nazism(纳粹) in Germany and Hitler’s persecution(迫害) of the Jews.?
In 1905,while still at Zurich,he published his Special Theory of Relativity, which was based on things everyone may have noticed. If two trains are standing alongside each other and one train starts to move, a person sitting in the train may wonder whether his own train is moving or the other is moving, and before he finds out what is happening, he can see that one train is moving relatively to the other. From this and also from other more complicated facts, Einstein came to the conclusion that all motion is relative and that there are really no such things as absolute(绝对) motion. Some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than light, and that if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster it would seem to get shorter and shorter as its speed was near the speed of light. By 1915, Einstein had made known his General Theory of Relativity. He also improved on Newton’s theory of gravity. Most of his theories have been tested and found to be true though some may sound strange. For his important work he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.
①.In 1933,Einstein went to live in the United States because__________.
A.he loved the USA more than his own country
B.he had got some friends there with whom he could work together
C.he wanted to live quietly in the USA
D.he could no longer work in Germany when Hitler came into powe
②.Einstein published his Special Theory of Relativity when he was_________.
A.in the United States
B.in Ulm,Germany after he got his Ph.D
C.still in Switzerland at the age of twenty-six
D.still at the University of Zurich at the age of thirtysix
③.One of the conclusions drawn by Einstein is that__________.
A.places go faster than trains and buses
B.people couldn’t run as fast as vehicles
C.light goes the fastest of all the things
D.two trains can go in different directions
④.Einstein added that if something such as a ruler was moving it would seem to get shorter and shorter _____________.
A.because the ruler itself was short
B.when it was moving faster and faster
C.because we can’t see it clearly
D.because the ruler was broken into pieces
⑤.Einstein was world-famous for his ____________.
A.Special Theory of Relativity
B.General Theory of Relativity
C.improving on Newton’s theory of gravity
D.all of the above
答案：①D ②C ③C ④B ⑤D
知识点： 阅读表达
解析： ①细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，其原因是希特勒掌权对犹太人的迫害。
②细节理解题。根据文章我们知道Einstein生于1879年，后于1905年发表了“狭义相对论”，另外结合While still at Zurich可知C项符合要求。
③细节理解题。根据文章第三段中Some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than light...可知光比任何其他物体的速度都要快。
④细节理解题。根据文章第三段...if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster...near the speed of light.可知。
⑤细节理解题。因为文中对A、B、C三项均提到了，因此D项为最佳表达。（提示：当选项中含有all of the above等表达时，应考虑以上三项是否均符合要求，而不是轻易地选其中一项。）
点评：本文主要讲述了爱因斯坦的生平。主要考查了细节理解题。题目难度不大，同学们都比较熟悉爱因斯坦，比他的生平也有一定的了解。
24.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One day I happened to find a chatting room in my QQ, there people were chatting in English. I tried to chat with some of them. To my surprised, I found the oral English of some junior students were better than me. I asked them for advise and they told me to practise more on QQ. But every day after that I would spend one hour practise my oral English on QQ. Day by day I learned from many useful words and expressions. With time went by, I found that I could even communicate some college students freely.
答案：
One day I happened to find a chatting room in my QQ, there people were chatting in English.
where
I tried to chat with some of them. To my surprised, I found the oral English of some junior
surprise
students were better than me. I asked them for advise and they told me to practice more on QQ.
was mine advice
But every day after that I would spend one hour practice my oral English on QQ. Day by day I
So practicing
learned from many useful words and expressions. With time went by, I found that I could even
As
communicate∧ some college students freely.
with
知识点： 短文改错
解析： ①where引导地点状语从句。
②to one’s surprise意为“令某人吃惊的是”，为固定搭配。
③主语是the oral English，谓语动词应使用单数形式。
④better than后的内容应是my oral English，用形容词性物主代词代替my oral English。
⑤advise为动词，此处应使用名词advice。ask sb. for advice意为“向某人征求建议”。
⑥前后句子之间是因果关系，应使用表示因果的连词。
⑦spend sometime doing sth.为固定搭配。
⑧learn为及物动词，后直接加宾语，不需要介词。
⑨as time went by意为“随着时间的流逝”。
⑩communicate with sb.意为“与某人交流”。
点评：这篇短文改错题难度不大，考查点都比较常见，话题贴近生活。
25.书面表达
随着电脑和因特网的普及，网上购物进入了人们的日常生活，而网购的利弊也逐渐成为了人们讨论的热点，请根据下列要点写一篇英语短文。
1. 网购的现状；
2. 网购的利弊；
3. 你对网购的看法和建议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 标题已为你写好。
Online Shopping
_______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
Online Shopping
With the Internet entering our daily life, online shopping is commonly used throughout the world nowadays. It offers a number of benefits for the shoppers. The most important one is convenience. You can shop when you like and you don’t have to queue with others. Secondly, it is easy to find what you are looking for online. However, every coin has two sides, so does online shopping. The main disadvantage of online shopping is that you cannot actually see the products you are buying or check their quality. Some people are also worried about paying for goods using credit cards.
In my opinion, online shopping has advantages over disadvantages. It is very convenient, time-saving and user-friendly. But we should also be careful when we shop on the Internet.
知识点： 议论文/文字式议论文
解析：网购是当下比较热门的一个话题，网购有利也有弊。第一，审题，然后根据给出的要点提纲来写作，先陈述网购的现状，即现在网购很流行，然后描述网购的利弊，可对比写作，最后陈述自己的看法和建议。第二，遣词造句，尽量使用一些熟悉的高级词汇和句型，增加得分点。
点评：考查内容贴近生活，比较容易写作。注意在陈述网购利弊时运用一定的对比来凸显优点与缺点。
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