新课标人教版高中英语必修5《Unit 3 Life in the future》同步练习.doc

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人教版英语高二必修5 Unit3 Life in the future 同步练习
一、单项选择
1. Although Jack was seriously injured in the traffic accident, he wanted to ________.
A. be back on his feet 　　
B. get to his feet
C. jump to his feet
D. struggle to his feet
答案：D
知识点：动词短语的辨析
解析：be back on one’s feet意为“(困境后)恢复；重新振作；东山再起”；get/rise to one’s feet意为“站起”；jump to one’s feet意为“跳起；一跃而起”；struggle to one’s feet意为“挣扎着站起”。句意：尽管他在事故中严重受伤，他仍然想要挣扎着站起来。
点评：本题主要考察动词短语的辨析。由同一个单词组成的不同短语意义不同，应注意区分记忆。
2. Emma likes reading and soon becomes a________customer of this new bookshop.
A. often
B. constant
C. frequently
D. instant
答案：B
知识点：形容词的词义辨析；副词的辨析
解析：空白处需要一个形容词来修饰customer，而often 和frequently都是副词，instant用作形容词时意为“立刻的；速溶的”， 不符合语境。constant意为“一直的，经常的”。句意：艾玛喜欢读书并且很快成了这家新书店的一名常客。
点评：考查词义辨析。判断填什么词时要观察空前和空后，确定合适的搭配。
3. To keep healthy, my father________jogging as a regular form of exercise after work.
A. took up
B. turned up
C. brought up
D. set up
答案：A　
知识点：动词短语的辨析
解析：take up意为“从事；开始做某事”；turn up意为“出现”；bring up意为“提出；养育”；set up意为“建立；创建”。句意：为保持健康，我父亲把下班后慢跑作为一种常用的锻炼方式。
点评：考查动词短语辨析。由同一个单词组成的不同短语意义不同，应注意区分记忆。
4. My best friend went through a period of emotional______after he lost his job.
A. control
B. adjustment
C. outburst
D. improvement
答案：B　
知识点：名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
解析：control意为“控制”；adjustment意为“调整，调节”；outburst意为“迸发”；improvement意为“提高”。句意：我最好的朋友在失业后经历了一段感情的调整期。
点评：考查名词词义辨析。在做词义辨析题时，要把词语放在语境中来判断是否正确。
5. We must work together to protect the environment so that us can live in beautiful________.
A. surrounding
B. surroundings
C. situation
D. conditions
答案：B　
知识点：名词的辨析及其在语境中的正确选择
解析：surrounding是形容词，意为“周围的”；situation是名词，意为“情况”conditions是名词，意为“条件”，这三项都不符合语境。surroundings是名词，意为“环境”，符合语境。句意：我们必须共同努力去保护环境，这样我们才能居住在美好的环境中。
点评：考查名词和形容词的词义辨析。注意区分surrounding和surroundings。
6. ________ as the “the Father of Hybrid Rice”, Yuan Longping is a world-famous agricultural scientist.
A. Knowing
B. Having known
C. Known
D. To be known
答案：C　
知识点：现在分词；过去式和过去分词
解析：be known as意为“被称为……”。Yuan Longping与know之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语。A、B项表主动，应排除；D项表将来，也可排除。故选C。句意：袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，他是一位闻名世界的农业科学家。
点评：考查动词短语和现在分词作状语。现在分词作状语表示主动，过去分词表被动。
7. I saw her for a moment but then ________ her in the crowd.
A. lost sight of
B. caught sight of
C. out of sight
D. at first sight
答案：A
知识点：动词短语的辨析；介词短语
解析：lose sight of意为“看不见，忽略”；catch sight of意为“看见”；out of sight意为“消失，在看不见的地方”；at first sight意为“初次看到时，乍一看”。C和D项缺少动词，应排除；根据转折连词but可知空格处所填内容与saw的意思相反，故选A。
点评：考查动词短语和介词短语。句子成分一定要完整，这是做选择题时应重点注意的事项。
8. In________third stage of the exploration, ________spacecraft was sent to collect the moon minerals.
A. the；/
B. a；the
C. the；the
D. a；/
答案：C
知识点：定冠词；不定冠词
解析：第一空序数词前使用定冠词；第二空表示特指用定冠词。
点评：考查定冠词、不定冠词和序数词。序数词前面一定要使用定冠词。另外，一般情况下，使用不定冠词表泛指，定冠词表特指。
9. The speech by our manager at the opening ceremony is strongly impressed ________ my memory.
A. to
B. over
C. by
D. on
答案：D
知识点：介词；表方位
解析：“sth impress on sth或be impressed on/upon sth”是固定搭配，意为“给……留下了印象”。其他几个搭配都不对。句意：我们经理在开幕典礼上的讲话深深印入了我的脑海中。
点评：考查介词和动词短语。一般情况下，动词短语都有固定的介词搭配，须牢记。
10. Many old people don’t like pop songs because they can’t ________ so much noise.
A. resist
B. sustain
C. tolerate
D. undergo
答案：C
知识点：动词的词义辨析
解析： resist意为“抵挡”；sustain意为“蒙受；遭受”；undergo意为“经历；承受”均不符合语境。tolerate意为“忍受”符合语境。故选C。句意：许多老人不喜欢流行音乐因为他们不能忍受那么多的噪音。
点评：考查介词和动词短语。一般情况下，动词短语都有固定的介词搭配，须牢记。
二、语法填空
11. As you know, all of the beautiful flowers now ________ (raise) here have developed from those once ________(grow) in the forest nearby.
答案：raised；growing
知识点：过去式和过去分词；现在分词
解析： 从时间状语now来看是现在的状态，但因为是被种植，所以要使用被动语态，故第一空用过去分词raised；grow作“生长”讲时是不及物动词，故用现在分词growing。
点评：本题考查过去分词和现在分词。一般来讲，过去分词表被动，现在分词表主动。
12. ________(tire) and out of breath, the twins reached their destination and stopped ________(enjoy) the beautiful scenery in front of them.
答案：Tired；to enjoy
知识点：过去式和过去分词；动词不定式
解析： 过去分词tired用来修饰人，表示人感到累，作原因状语。因为累了喘不过气来，所以要停下来欣赏美景。stop to do sth.表示“停下来去做某事”， 而stop doing sth.则表示“停止做某事”。句意：这对双胞胎到达目的地时，很累而且喘不过气，于是他们停下来欣赏眼前的美丽风景。
点评：过去分词作原因状语，不定式表目的。要注意区分其在句子中所充当的成分。
13. ________(see) the frightening tiger, Mary didn’t dare to speak a word, almost ________ (frighten) to death.
答案：Seeing；frightened
知识点：现在分词；过去式和过去分词
解析： -ing分词Seeing作状语表示主动，指玛丽看到这个令人感到恐惧的老虎；第二个空使用过去分词frightened修饰玛丽，表示她的感觉。句意：看到这个令人感到恐惧的老虎，玛丽不敢说一句话，几乎吓得要死。
点评：现在分词可以表示伴随或者原因，由动词的-ed形式构成的形容词可以修饰人，表示人的感觉。
14. The students all well ________ (prepare) for the coming exams, so they all believe that they can easily pass them.
答案：prepared
知识点：过去式和过去分词；固定短语
解析： be well prepared 意为“已作好了准备”，表示状态。句意：所有的学生都已经为即将到来的考试做作好了准备，所以他们相信他们可以轻易地通过考试。
点评：做题时要结合语境来确定所填词，有时答案就在题目中。
15. John fell down from his new bike, his right leg ________(break) and blood ________(run) down from his head.
答案：broken；running
知识点：过去式和过去分词；现在分词
解析：腿受伤是被动，故应使用过去分词；血流出来是主动，故使用现在分词。句意：约翰从他的新自行车上摔了下来，右腿受伤了，血从他的头上流了下来。
点评：做语法填空题时要结合语境来判断所给动词时主动还是被动结构。
三、单词拼写
16. We are______________(乐观的) that the environmental condition can be improved on day.
17. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a ________(缺乏)of exercise.
18. You can watch your favourite channel first and then we________(转换) over.
19. We went to Japan to travel and my brothers acted as our _________ (导游).
20. Applicants for the job must have _________ (先前的) experience of this kind of job.
答案：16. optimistic 17.lack 18.switch 19.guides 20. previous
知识点：形容词原级；普通名词；动词/原形；名词的数
解析：16. optimistic，形容词，意为“乐观的”。句意：总有一天环境状况将会被提高，我们对于这一点很乐观。
17. lack作名词时常构成a lack of短语，意为“缺乏·······”。句意：健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
18.switch over在此意为“转换，变换”。句意：你可以先看你最喜欢的频道，过一会儿我们再换频道。
19.guide，名词，意为“向导，导游”。此处guide所对应的主语是my brothers，故应使用复数形式。
20. previous，形容词，意为“先前的，以前的”。句意：申请这项工作的人必须有这类工作经验。
点评：考查形容词的拼写。 根据句意来选择正确的单词，注意拼写。
四、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.?
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试)increase the length of time we will remember it.?
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.?
The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.?
The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one’s future development.
①What is the main idea of Paragraph 1
A.People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B.Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D.Stories for children arc easy to remember.
②The author explains the law of overlearning by___________.
A.presenting research findings
B.selling down general rules
C.making a comparison
D.using examples
③What does the word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.Commonly accepted rules.
B.The multiplication tables.
C.Things easily forgotten.
D.School subjects.
④What is the author’s opinion on cramming
A.It leads to failure in college exams.
B.It’s helpful only in a limited way.
C.It’s possible to result in poor memory.
D.It increases students’ learning interest.
答案：①A ② D ③ B ④ C
知识点： 议论文；社会现象类
解析： 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为成年人能很好地记着儿时学过的东西是儿时过度学习的结果。
①细节理解题。根据文章的第一段的“Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.”可知：文章讲得是成年人常常惊叹他们非常好的记着儿时学过的东西。C、D断章取义，讲得太具体，B项错误,因为那是过度学习的结果，不是儿时记忆力好。所以A正确。
②推理判断题。根据文章的内容可知：作者采用了举例子的说明方法。比如：practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them.和The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are another of the things we overlearn in childhood．
③词义猜测题。此处考查的是代词指代的问题。根据文意可知，they指的是“乘法口诀表”。此题较易。
④推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段中的“By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.”可知：突击学习只在有限的方面有帮助。所以B正确。
点评：本文是一篇议论文。成年人常常惊叹他们能很好地记着儿时学过的东西。作者认为这是儿时过度学习的结果，是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候，我们不是就此停止，而是继续练习，才使我们记忆深刻。文章用例证法说明了“过度学习”的概念。 最后作者谈到了“过度学习”的好处和突击学习的弊端。
五、七选五阅读
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Whether you’re having trouble because your subject is difficult, time consuming or — let’s be honest —boring. We have some tips here that can help you improve your studying habits. Keep reading for 5 ways you can study smarter.
1. ①
Rather than living in a cave with your nose in the books all day, grab a friend from your class and study with them. Group studying helps you to engage and process the information more deeply.
2. Step into your teacher’s shoes
Ask yourself “If I am the teacher, what would I put on the test ” You have probably experienced a few of your teacher’s tests and quizzes by now. Learn from them for the next test. The structure is usually the same, and teachers have specific types of information that they want you to learn. Remember, teachers don’t expect you to memorize every single detail, just the ones they feel is important. ②
3. ③
Find ways to connect what you are learning to real life or to other related concepts. It’s harder to remember each piece of a puzzle individually than it is to recall the completed picture. Find ways to relate pieces of information to each other and cluster（使聚集） them.
4. Feed your brain
A hungry brain is an ineffective one. ④ Because of this, what you eat and drink also play a huge role in how sharp your brain is. Healthy foods provide nutrients to your brain cells to keep them energized.
5. Take breaks.
⑤ It needs exercise to make it stronger, but it can also tire if you overwork it. Imagine that each minute of studying is a push-up and you have to complete 100. If you try to do them all at once, you’ll fatigue to the point where you can’t continue.
A. Make up your mind
B. Paint bigger pictures
C. Your brain is like a muscle.
D. It’s your job to figure out what that is.
E. So don’t expect to do your teacher’s job.
F. Study with a partner or in groups, and peer teach.
G. Your brain needs the proper nutrients to keep it going.
答案：①F ②D ③B ④G ⑤C
知识点： 任务型阅读
解析：【文章大意】本文主要讲述了提高学习能力的五条建议。
①第一条建议主要讲述了Group studying，与同伴或者小组一起学习。
②前文提到老师并不期望你记住每一个细节，只要求你记住他们认为是重要的知识，所以紧接着应该是由你来找出哪些重要，哪些不重要。
③第三条建议主要注重知识点时间的联系与整合，需要找出整体的框架。
④注意空前面的关键词brain和空后面的关键词nutrients。
⑤第五条建议指明我们需要劳逸结合，要适当的休息，因为大脑就像肌肉一样，通过锻炼可以让它更加强壮，但是劳累过度也可以使它疲惫。
点评：本文主要讲述了提高学习能力的五条建议。条理清楚，做题时仔细观察前后句和前后段落即可正确地找出答案。
六、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
One summer my friend and I decided to go to Italy for a holiday. We spent lots of time ① (arrange) the trip, but it was well worth it! At first, I was afraid that something would go wrong and I was ② (especial) anxious about my visa, but everything went quite smoothly in the end.
③ (difficult) part was getting a visa without an invitation. In the Italian consulate(领事馆), one must hand in some official paper proving that one has a hotel ④ (book) for oneself in order to get the visa. Then we had to solve ⑤ ticket problem. Airlines often sell cheap tickets and we bought ours far ⑥ advance. The next step was ⑦ (book) a hotel.
Every day we took a train ⑧ carried us to the heart of Rome. Our big house, which ⑨ (surround) by the forest, was a rare place with beautiful views and comfortable living conditions. Besides, we were very ⑩ (luck) that our mistress was a Russian who gave us a lot of advice that was of great use.
答案：① arranging
② especially
③ The most difficult
④ booked
⑤ the
⑥ in
⑦ to book
⑧ which/that
⑨ was surrounded
⑩ lucky
知识点：短文填词
解析：①spend sometime doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。故arrange应使用现在分词形式。
②副词especially修饰形容词anxious。
③此处使用形容词最高级表示“最困难的”。
④have sth. done意为“使某事被做”。
⑤ticket problem前无限定词，用定冠词表特指。
⑥in advance意为 “提前”，为固定短语。
⑦此处使用动词不定式表示接下来的动作。
⑧使用that/which引导定语从句。
⑨be surrounded by意为“被······所环绕，包围”。注意整篇文章的时态为一般过去时，故此处要使用过去式。
⑩此处使用形容词表示“幸运的”。
点评：本文主要讲述了我和朋友在一个暑假里去意大利度假的事情，主要考查了形容词、副词、非谓语动词、谓语动词等知识点，题材贴近生活，学生做起来比较顺手。
七、短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’ve learned from the newspaper that your company is looking for a receptionist. I’m very interesting in the job and I’d like to apply to the position.
First of all, allow me to introduce myself. I had just graduated from senior high school and taken the College Entrance Examination. I want to find out a part-time job in the summer. I’m 18 years old and have good knowledge of English, especial in terms of speaking and listening. In fact, I won the first prize in the English speech competition hold in our school last year. Besides, I’m quite easy-going but therefore very popular among my classmate.
I sincerely hope you can give us a chance. I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’ve learned from the newspaper that your company is looking for a receptionist. I’m very
interesting in the job and I’d like to apply to the position.
interested for
First of all, allow me to introduce myself. I had just graduated from senior high school and
have
taken the College Entrance Examination. I want to find out a part-time job in the summer. I’m 18
years old and have good knowledge of English, especial in terms of speaking and listening. In
a especially
fact, I won the first prize in the English speech competition hold in our school last year . Besides,
held
I’m quite easy-going but therefore very popular among my classmate.
and classmates
I sincerely hope you can give us a chance. I’m looking forward to your early reply.
me
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
知识点： 短文改错
解析：①interesting—interested 固定搭配be interested in “对·······感兴趣”。
②to—for 固定搭配apply for“申请·······”。
③had—have 句意：我刚从高中毕业。句子时态应该用现在完成时。
④去掉out 找工作用find。find out“找出，查明，发现”。
⑤good前面加a 固定搭配 have a good knowledge of“精通·······”。
⑥especial—especially 修饰整个句子应该使用副词。
⑦hold—held 句子中用表示过去的时间状语last year，所以句子应该使用一般过去时。
⑧but—and 前后分句之间是顺承关系，非转折。
⑨classmate—classmates 此处应使用名词的复数形式，表示“我的同学们”。
⑩us—me 句子的主语是I ，所以应使用其相应的宾格形式me。
点评：本文是一封邮件。格式正确，但是内容上有10个语法错误，分别考查了形容词、介词、动词的时态、副词、名词的数、冠词、介词和连词。
八、书面表达
北京时间2015年4月25日14时11分，在尼泊尔发生8.1级地震，强震己给这个国家带来巨大的灾难。假定你是李华，请你给远在尼泊尔的好友Alex写一封信表示关怀和慰问。
内容包括：
1．地震造成了人员伤亡，数万人无家可归；
2．表达对好友及灾区人民的关注和安慰；
3．鼓励他们渡过难关、重建家园。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Alex,
I am awfully sorry about the severe earthquake which struck your country Nepal on April 25th. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Please remember that I’ll always be by your side when you need any help! Take care.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Alex,
I am awfully sorry about the severe earthquake which struck your country Nepal on April 25th. I felt extremely upset when the news came that the strong earthquake had led to extensive and severe damage in your country, causing loss of lives and leaving tens of thousands of Nepalese homeless.
Faced with such a horrible natural disaster, the Nepal people remain so calm and strong-willed that we all admire your courage and strength. Here in China people are very concerned about the present situation in your country and we are all determined to make every bit of our effort to help. I’m sure that with a strong determination and the support from every corner of the world, you and your country can go through the difficulty and a better hometown will be rebuilt soon.
Please remember that I’ll always be by your side when you need any help! Take care.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
知识点：提纲作文
解析：根据提纲来确定写作内容。第一，说明地震造成了人员伤亡，数万人无家可归；第二，表达对好友及灾区人民的关注和安慰；第三，鼓励他们渡过难关、重建家园。
点评：地震属于高考作文24个话题中的“自然”，是一个考查率较高的话题。可以考查的与地震有关的还有汶川地震、雅安地震、日本地震等，学生在平常的学习过程中应多关注此类话题，积累和这个话题有关的词汇、短语以及佳句。
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