Unit 8 单元知识点
一、重点短语
1.Will more trees be planted this year 今年会种更多的树?
2.Trees are good for us. 树对我们有益。
3.I like digging in the garden. 我喜欢在花园里挖土。
4.Reduce air pollution by riding bicycles. 通过骑自行车减少空气污染
5.save water by taking shorter showers 通过少洗澡来节约水
6.save energy by turning off the lights 关灯节约能源
7.protect the environment by recycling waste 通过循环利用废料的方式保护环境
8.What should we do to live a green life 为了过上环保的生活我们该做什么呢?
9.used to drive me to school 过去开车送我去学校
10.take the underground 乘地铁
11.cause serious air pollution 产生严重的空气污染
12.It’s wise for people to choose public transport or ride bicycles. 人们选择坐公交或骑车是很明智的。
13.take shorter shower to save water 缩短淋浴时间来节约用水
14.remember to turn off the lights 记得关灯
15.a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes 一个拥有高山和清澈湛蓝湖水的国家
16.try to keep it that way 努力保持它的原貌
17.be separated into different groups 被分成不同的组
18.Even old clothes and shoes can be recycled. 甚至旧衣服旧鞋业被循环利用。
19.an organization for recycling clothes 一个循环利用衣服的组织
20.be sold in charity shops 在慈善商店出售
21.be given to the poor 给贫困的人
22.be sent to factories for recycling 送到工厂进行循环利用
23.send … to 把……送给……
24.have many laws to protect the environment 制定许多保护环境的法律
25.be not allowed to cut down trees 不允许砍树
26.will be punished 会被惩罚
27.drop litter in a public place 在公开场合丢垃圾
28.be fined by the police 被警察罚款
29.laws to limit air and water pollution 控制空气和水污染的法律
30.our greatest treasure 我们最大的宝藏
31.depend on… 取决于……
32.use energy from the sun 利用太阳能
33.cost very little 花费很少
34.run out 用光
35.produce little pollution 少产生点污染
36.World Environment Day 世界环境日
37.What have you done for the environment 你为环境做了什么?
38.do something to make a difference 采取措施发挥作用
39.When is the show to be held 什么时候举办展览?
40.What will be displayed at the show 展览上将会陈列什么?
41.What will be discussed at the show 展览上将会讨论什么?
42.one of the biggest problems 最大的问题之一
43.throw rubbish into.. 把垃圾扔进……
44.act to improve the environment 行动起来改善环境
45.we will have a chance to talk about… 我们将有机会谈论……
46.make the world a better place 把世界变成一个更美好的地方
47.turn off the tap when brushing teeth 刷牙时关上水龙头
48.take showers for less than ten minutes 洗澡少于十分钟
49.recycle empty bottles 循环利用空瓶子
50.do a lot to help protect the environment
51.try our best to do 尽我们的所能去做
52.look nicer with more trees around 周围有很多树看起来更美
53.be harmful to our health 对我们的健康有害
54.keep soil in place 保持水土
55.have a wider use 有更广泛的用途
56.be dug up from the ground 从地下挖掘出来
57.change for the worse 变得更糟
58.We should also reuse water if possible 如果可能的话我们也应该重复使用水。
59.in order to save water 为了节约水
60.Recycling is also a good way to help reduce pollution. 循环利用也是一种帮助减少污染的好办法。
61.develop a green lifestyle
62.watch less TV 少看电视
63.make a big difference to the earth 对地球产生大的影响
二、重要词汇、句型
【词汇精讲】
1. turn off
turn off是动副结构的动词短语,意为“关闭(煤气,自来水,电灯等)”。它的反义词为turn on。
Turn on/off the heat, please.请打开/关掉暖气。
【拓展】turn的相关短语:
(1) turn to翻到,转到;求助于
例如:We turn to the British news now.我们现在转到英国新闻。
(2) turn up/turn down开大,调大,出现;关小,调小,拒绝
例如:He doesn’t know how to turn up/down the radio.他不知道如何开大/调低收音机的声音。
(3) turn out制造,生产;结果是
例如:It’s hard to predict how things will turn out.很难预测事情会怎么样。
(4) take turns to do sth.轮流做某事
例如:We take turns to make dinner.我们轮流做晚饭。
2. allow
allow是动词,意为“允许,准许”,常用于 allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事;allow doing sth.“允许做……”。
例如:My parents don’t allow me to smoke.我的父母不允许我抽烟。
We don’t allow eating in the classrooms. (我们)不允许在教室吃饭。
Her boss doesn’t allow her to use the telephone.她的老板不允许她使用电话。
3. depend on
depend on意为“依靠、依赖、取决于”,介词还可以换成 upon,主要用法有:
(1) depend on/upon+某人或某物
Whether we’ll go camping depends on the weather.我们是否去野营要看天气。
有时可在某人或某物后用介词 for。
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.儿童的衣食靠父母。。
(2) depend on [upon]+从句
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。
The amount you pay depends on where you live.你付多少钱要看你住什么地方。
【拓展】
口语中说 It (all) depends. /That depends.意为“那要看情况”。
—Are you going too 你也去吗
—That depends.那要看情况。
4. run out
run out意为“用完;耗尽”。
例如:Our food soon ran out.我们的食物不久就吃光了。
【拓展】run out of和 run out的辨析:
run out和 run out of这两个短语都有“用完”的意思,但用法不同。run out作不及物动词短语,表示“被用完;被耗尽”,其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词。而 run out of则是及物动词短语,表示主动。
例如:His strength ran out.他的力气用完了。
He has run out of red ink.他的红墨水用完了。
We run out of coal, and had to burn wood.我们的煤用完了,所以不得不烧柴。
5. make a difference
difference是可数名词,意为“差别;差异”。make a difference (to sb. / sth.)意为“(对……)有影响,起作用”。
例如:Does the bad news make a difference to your work 这个坏消息会对你的工作有影响吗?
The rain didn’t make a difference to the game.那场雨没有对比赛造成影响。
6. be filled with
be filled with表示“装满,填满”,相当于 be full of。
例如:Everything is filled with new life.万物充满了生气。
The glass is filled with water.杯子里装满了水。
The room is full of young people.房间里全是年轻人。
7. both
(1)代词,意为“两者,双方,两人”。例如:
Both of the flowers are very beautiful. = The flowers are both very beautiful.这两朵花都很漂亮。
(2)形容词,意为“两者的,双方的”。
例如:She wants both dictionaries.这两本字典她都想要。
Both the answers are wrong.这两个答案都是错的。
(3)副词,意为“两者,两者都是”,常用于行为动词之前,be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。
例如:They can both dance.他们俩都会跳舞。
(4) both…and意为“……和……都,既……又……”,用于连接两个并列成分,连接并列主语时,谓语动词应该用复数形式。
例如:Both you and your sister like it very much.你和你姐姐都非常喜欢它。
【拓展】
(1)当both用于否定句时,表示“并非两者都……”。
例如:I don’t like both the sweaters.这两件毛衣,我并不都喜欢。
(2) both…and…的否定形式为 neither…nor…意为“既不……也不……”。
例如:He can speak neither French nor English.他既不会法语也不会英语。
8. few
few意为“少数的;很少的”,只修饰可数名词,表否定含义。
例如:
I can see few birds in the tree.我几乎看不到树上有鸟。
a few意为“几个;少许”相当于 several,只修饰可数名词复数,表肯定含义。
例如:He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。
【拓展】
little意为“很少;一点儿”,用于 “量;额;价值”等概念,修饰不可数名词,表否定含义。little还表示“小的”之意。
例如:There is little milk in the cup.杯子里没有牛奶了。
A little boy is coming.一个小男孩过来了。
a little意为“有点儿;少量”修饰不可数名词,表示肯定含义。
He has a little money with him.他随身带了点儿钱。
a little也可以用作副词,修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语,表示“有点,稍稍”。
He is a little tired.他有点累了。
You should walk a little faster.你应该走快一点。
She was only a little over fifty years old.她才五十多一点。
相关短语:
quite a few = not a few相当多的
quite a little许多
only a little = but a little相当少
【句式精讲】
1. treat something used so that it can be used again
(1) so that的意思是“为了;以致”,它引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句。
例如:They opened a technical training course so that the managers and clerks could attend it during their spare time.他们开了一个技术训练班,为了经理和职员们在业余的时间可以去上课。
Please switch the light on so that we can see what it is.请开灯,让我们看一下它是什么东西。
I took an early bus so that I got there in time.我乘了早班公共汽车,及时到了那里。
【拓展】
so… that…的意思是“如此……以至于……”,它引导结果状语从句。在口语中,so…that…的 that常被省去。
例如:She felt so sad that tears came to her eyes.她非常悲伤,泪水盈眶。
John was so drunk(that)he could not stand still.约翰醉得站也站不住了。
He spoke so rapidly(that)we could hardly follow him.他说得很快,我们很难听清楚他在说什么。
2. Really What do they do to keep their country clean
keep +名词 /代词+形容词,意为“使……保持某种状态”。
例如:Keep the door open, please.请让门开着。
Keep the window closed.关着窗户。
Coats can keep you warm.外套能使你暖和。
【拓展】
(1) keep sth.意为“保存某物,保管某物”。
例如:How long can I keep the book 这本书我能借多长时间?
(2) keep sb. doing sth.使(某人)不停做某事。
例如:I’m sorry for keeping you waiting so long.对不起,让你久等了。
3. Coal, oil and natural gas are not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factories.
(1) not only...but (also)的意思是“不但……而且……”,连接两个并列成分,如果连接两个主语的时候,谓语动词和后面的主语保持一致。
例如:Not only my mother but (also) I like to go to the garden.
不仅妈妈而且我也喜欢去公园。
He can play not only the piano but also the violin.他不仅会弹钢琴,还会拉小提琴。
He was not only a writer but (also) an actor.他不仅是一位作家,而且是一位演员。
(2)以not only…but also开头的句子往往引起倒装。
Not only did he complain about the food, but he refused to pay for it.
他不仅抱怨饭不好吃,而且拒绝付饭钱。
4. …so it is time for us to go green!
It’s time to+动词原形,意为“该到做某事的时间了”;It’s time for后接名词或动词-ing形式,也表示“该到做某事的时间了” 。
例如:It is time to leave. = It is time for leaving.该是离开的时候了。
It’s time for school.该上学了。
【拓展】
It’s time to…中间也可以加上 for sb,表示“该到某人该做某事的时间了”。
例如:It is time for us to go to bed.该是我们睡觉的时候了。
5. Here are the results of the survey.
在英语中,副词 here,there等放于句首时常使用倒装语序。
例如:Look, here comes the bus.看,公共汽车来了!
在此结构中,当主语是名词时完全倒装,即:强调部分+谓语+主语;当主语是代词时不倒装。
例如:Here comes Daisy. Daisy来了。
Here he is.他在这儿。
三、语法
一、构成 学习一般将来时的被动语态,首先应掌握其各种结构形式。
1.肯定式will(shall)+be+动词的过去分词
2.否定式will(shall)+not+be+动词的过去分词
3.疑问式Will(Shall)+主语+be+动词的过去分词?
简略回答Yes,主语+will(shall).No,主语+won't(shan't).
现在,请看实例:
A) 肯定句:Anew stadium will be put up here.
否定句:A new stadium will not(won't)be put up here.
疑问句及简略回答:Will a new stadium be put up here?Yes,it will./No,it won't.
特殊疑问句及回答:What will be put up here?A new stadium.
B)A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing.But those who have used illegal drugs will not be invited.(但那些使用违禁药物的将不被邀请。)Will some world-famous singers be invited?Yes,they will.Who else will be invited?Some judges and sports officials,of course.
二、其他结构
表示将来意义的被动结构还有:
1.be going to be done;
2.be to be done;
3.will(shall)+get +done等。
例如: Some old buildings are going to be put down.
The 29th Olympic Games is to be held in Beijing in 2008.
The workers will get paid before the end of December.
同学们也要注意这些结构的否定式、疑问式等。例如:
These trees are not going to be cut down.Are these trees going to be cut down?Yes,they are.
The machines are not to be repaired tonight.Are they to be repaired tomorrow?Yes,they are.
三、注意事项
使用一般将来时的被动语态时,应注意以下两点:
1.在时间、条件状语从句中,应使用现在时表示将来时。同样,应使用现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。例如:He says he will leave the company if he is punished for this.
2.使用一般将来时被动语态时,学生易遗漏被动式中的be。