【名师导航】2024年中考英语语法总复习专题精讲精练—定语从句（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第09讲 定语从句 （讲义）
目录
一 复习目标 掌握目标及备考方向
二 考情分析 2023年中考定语从句考情分析
三 网络构建 知识点头脑风暴
四 定语从句的考向 1.定语从句的结构2.关系代词that /which/who /whom/whose的用法3.关系副词when /where/why的用法 4.定语从句的分类和特殊用法5.提升必考题型归纳
五 真题感悟 定语从句经典考题
【复习目标】
1.掌握定语从句的结构
2.掌握关系代词that /which/who /whom/whose的用法
3.掌握关系副词when /where/why的用法
4.了解定语从句的分类及定语从句的特殊用法
【考情分析】
定语从句是中考的必考点，主要考查定语从句的关系词及关系词的辨析，考查角度以语境辨析为主。考查形式主要以单项选择、完型填空、短文填空及语法填空为主。
解题口诀：
名代之后跟定从，先定所属用whose。不是whose用that,没有that定人物，物用which人用who,从句完整用关副。
口诀注释
在选择关系代词时，按照大招用如下顺序做题：
1.先看空前先行词和空后词的关系，如果两个词符合“所属关系”,也就是“谁的什么",则选择whose。
2.如果不是所属关系，那么选项中如果有that直接选择that。
3.如果没有that,就观察先行词，先行词是物选which,先行词是人选who。
4.从句结构完整时，选用关系副词：
(1)如果先行词表示时间，则用when。
(2)如果先行词表示地点，则用where。
(3)如果先行词是reason,则用why。
定语从句题型命题规律
【网络构建】
考向一定语从句的结构
在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。
【图示】
定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
定语从句三要素即：
1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词（通常出现在定语从句前面）
2.关系词：连接先行词和定语从句的引导词（关系代词和关系副词）
3.做成分：关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当相应成分
考向二 关系代词that /which/who /whom/whose的用法
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注
关系代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人或物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.
that 人或物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人或物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. As we all know，she is a kind-hearted girl. as做宾语一般不省略
只能用that的情况：
2.先行词指物时，只能用that不用which的情况
①当先行词是anything,everything,nothing, few, all, none, little, some等不定代词，或由every,any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时。
There is little that I can do for you.
Is there anything that I can do for you
②当先行词被序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited in London was Big Ben.
③当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
④当名词被the very, the only, the same, the last 等修饰时。
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
⑤当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时,为避免重复，只能用that如：
Who is the man that is standing there
Which is the hotel that you like best
⑥当先行词既有人，又有物时。如：
I can remember the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
2.只能用which，不能用that的情况
⑴ 介词后面不能用that ，指人只能用whom, 指物只能用which
⑵ 在非限制性定语从句中，即逗号后面不能用that ，指人，做主语用who, 宾语用whom; 指物只能用which
⑶ 指代前面整个句子，不能用that，只能用which，翻译成中文为“这”。
考向三 关系副词when /where/why的用法
关系副词的指代及功能
关系副词 先行词 功能
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 可用on which
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 可用in which
why reason 原因状语 可用for which
　例句：
　①.I will never forget the day when (on which)I met her. 我将永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天
　②.Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born.　北京是我的出生地。
　③.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer 　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗 具体用法辨析
1．关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.
我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。
2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。
I'd like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.
我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。
3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。
Can you explain the reason(＝for which)why you don't help him
你能解释一下不帮助他的理由吗？
I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)
I won't listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why)
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。
选用介词的依据：
1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(be famous for)
2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with the camera)
3．根据句子的意思来选择。
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。
【小试牛刀】
1. I’m interested in all ______ you have said.
A.that B.what C.which
2.She is the girl ______ invention got the first prize in the school competition.
A.who B.that C.whose
3.He talked a lot about things and persons ______ he remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom
4.I can never forget the days ______ we worked together and the days ______ we spent together.
A.when; which B.which; when C.when; when
5.I can’t remember the place _____ I lived many years ago.
A. that B. which C.where
6.一Linda, can you tell me something about Mo Yan
—Sure. He is the writer _____ won the Nobel Literature Prize.
A.whose B. who C. whom
课堂练习
一、单项选择
1．（2023·吉林长春·吉林省第二实验学校校考二模）Tom was upset because he lost the watch ________ his mom bought.
A．what B．which C．who D．whose
2．（2023·湖南永州·统考三模）I like living in the house ________ is big and bright.
A．that B．who C．how D．where
3．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考三模）—How do you like the trip to Harbin
—It’s worth going on the trip ________ includes a three-day tour around Harbin and three times of free “crispy sweet and sour pork (锅包肉)”.
A．it B．which C．who
4．（2023·安徽芜湖·统考三模）—Do you know Gu Ailing
—Of course. She is a Chinese freely skiing player ________ got two gold medals at Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
A．which B．who C．whom D．whose
5．（2023·吉林长春·统考二模）The new film _________ tells about space is really interesting.
A．where B．which C．who D．what
6．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考一模）—Beijing is the only city ________ hosted（举办）both the Winter and Summer Olympics.
—As Chinese, we feel proud of our country.
A．that B．what C．who
7．（2023·福建宁德·统考二模）—Michelle Yeoh ________ won the best actress Oscar this year never gives up her dreams.
—Yeah. So she achieved great success at the age of 60.
A．who B．which C．what
8．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考二模）—What a pleasant trip to Yangzhou!
—Yes, I will forever remember the friends and places of interest __________I visited here.
A．that B．which C．who
9．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第十七中学校校考三模）October 1st is National Day. It is the day ________ we Chinese people will never forget. We Chinese celebrate it in different ways.
A．which B．what C．on which
10．（2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考一模）The film Manjianghong showed this spring was shown ________ not only Yue Fei, but also all common people ________ love home and country.
A．remember; where B．to remember; who
C．remembering; which D．remembered; what
11．（2023·福建厦门·统考二模）The hero in my heart is the one ____________ spreads ideas to encourage the people in need.
A．where B．that C．which
12．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第四十九中学校校考一模）—What do you think of Monkey King
—I think he’s a hero ________ keeps fighting to help the weak people.
A．who B．which C．whom
13．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考二模）China is ready to welcome Ya Ya back. Ya Ya is a giant(大) panda ________ was born at the Beijing Zoo and traveled to the Memphis Zoo in the US in 2003.
A．who B．whom C．whose
14．（2023·四川成都·统考二模）Huang Di Nei Jing is the earliest Chinese medical book ________ was written in the Waning States Period (475BC-221BC).
A．who B．whom C．that
15．（2023·福建三明·统考二模）China is getting better at making hi-tech (高科技) products ________ can be bought in all parts of the world.
A．which B．who C．what
二、语法填空
（2023·吉林长春·统考一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Parents, especially those of teenagers, care about their children’s education more than 36 (something) else. They would do everything for their children. Many of them spend most of their spare time 37 (help) their children with their studies. If they have no time or cannot do it themselves, they would find family teachers 38 send their children to after-class schools. It seems as if a better education is all that parents can provide for children.
How can we explain the present situation First of all, many parents have 39 (realize) that future success depends more and more on 40 (skill) and education. Secondly, in our society today there are both losers and 41 (win). Those 42 have more knowledge will enjoy 43 (many) opportunities.
Certainly, it is important to learn to succeed, but the 44 (one) thing to learn is how to live and how to be a qualified citizen (合格的公民). If this is included (包括) in good education, the children will surely have 45 bright future and be healthy in body and mind.
真题演练
1．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）Lei Feng is a great person ________ sets a good example to us.
A．who B．which C．whose
2．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）He showed me the photos ________ he took at his graduation ceremony.
A．that B．who C．what
（2022·湖南张家界·统考中考真题）
通读下面的短文，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项填空，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。
Once upon a time, there was 1 old man named Yu Gong. There were two 2 near his house. They were so high and big 3 it took a long time to walk to the other side. Yu Gong told his family that they should all help him to 4 the mountains. They started digging the next day. A man told Yu Gong he could never do it. 5 Yu Gong said that his family could 6 to move the mountains 7 he died. So they kept on digging day after day and year after year. 8 , a god was moved and he sent another two gods to take the mountains away.
1．A．a B．an C．the
2．A．a mountain B．mountain C．mountains
3．A．that B．what C．which
4．A．moving B．move C．moves
5．A．And B．Or C．But
6．A．to continue B．continues C．continue
7．A．after B．before C．behind
8．A．First B．At last C．Also
参考答案
语法填空
36.anything 37．helping 38．or 39．realized 40．skills
41．winners 42．who 43．more 44．first 45．a
真题演练
AA
选择题
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．B
定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。
①先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词等。
②关系词:引导定语从句的词。
③先行词与关系词的关系。
定语从句
先行词与关系词
①关系代词的用法:在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等,指人或事物。
②关系副词的用法:在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点或原因。
关系词的用法
①主谓一致问题。
②关系代词that和which.意的事项that和who的用法辨析。
定语从句中需要注意的事项
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