人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit1 Science fiction Review Useful Structures课件(共31张PPT，内嵌视频)

(共31张PPT)
Review useful structures
Unit 1 Science Fiction
Sophia is considered the most advanced AI robot in the world. Are you interested in Sophia Let’s watch a short video about Sophia being interviewed by an editor.
Lead-in
So clever is Sophia, and she has been awarded the first Saudi citizenship for a robot. This is historical to be the first robot in the world to be recognized with a citizenship.
That means Sophia is always happy to be surrounded by people.
She answers that her happy place is when she is with people.
Passive voice is used in these sentences.
In the video, Sophia is being interviewed by the editor-in-chief of Stylist. When she is asked what her happy place is, how does she answer
Find the similarities between the following underlined words.
助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词
It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire. (para 1)
… but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. (para 2)
Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing. (para 3)
… she was being offered sympathy by a robot, … (para 4)
As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, … (para 6)
So she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly. (para 6)
How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. (para 6)
… , which was being completely transformed, would be ready. (para 7)
Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive voice.(P5)
Then discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used.
The passive voice is used to focus on the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action.
指出句中的主谓宾语。
We kept food in the fridge.
We must close the windows and the door.
S
V.
O.
S
V.
O.
Food was kept (by us) in the fridge.
The windows and the door must be closed.
语态用来表示主语与谓语之间的关系。
在主动语态中强调的是执行动作的人或物，即主语是动作的执行者；而在被动语态中强调的是接受动作的人或物，即主语是动作的承受者。
What is passive voice
As he was not allowed to accompany her...
she was being offered sympathy by a robot.
A robot is offering sympathy to her.
1. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。
2. 强调动作的承受者。
3. 广播、广告、新闻、标题中。
Satisfaction Guaranteed / Man wanted.
When should we use passive voice
The street is cleaned (clean) by the dustmen every morning.
These book were written (write) in 1969.
Some pine trees will be planted (plant) in the park tomorrow.
A new bridge is being built (build) over the river now.
All the letters have been posted(post) so far.
2. 一般过去时:
1. 一般现在时: am / is / are + done
3. 一般将来时:
4. 现在进行时:
Structures of passive voice
5. 现在完成时:
was / were + done
will be + done
am / is / are being + done
have / has been + done
The roads were being widened (widen) last week at this time.
She had said that the bridge had been washed (wash) away by the flood.
The baby must be looked (look) after well.
6. 过去进行时:
7. 过去完成时:
8. 含有情态动词:
was /were being + done
had been + done
must/can/may…+be done
Structures of passive voice
一般时 进行时 完成时
现在时
过去时
将来时
am / is / are done
am / is / are being done
was / were done
shall / will be done
was / were being done
had been done
shall / will
have been done
has / have been done
Summarize the structuress of the passive voice
　用所给动词的适当形式填空P10
①The Xi’an City Wall 　was built　 （build） originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored.
②It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared， and a BMI of between 19 and 25 　is considered　 （consider） healthy.
③Everyone’s pay 　will be increased　 （increase） next year by 5%.
④It is the first time that the actress’s performance 　has been recognised　 （recognise） by the director.
⑤I have to go to work by taxi because my car 　is being repaired　 （repair） at the garage.
was built　
is considered　
will be increased　
has been recognised　
is being repaired　
(1) 接双宾语的动词变被动结构
主动语态： + +
被动语态：①一般将间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 直接宾语不变。
② 将直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 间接宾语之前则应加介词to或for。
e.g. He gave her some money.
She was given some money. (间接宾语变为主语)
Some money was given to her. (直接宾语变主语)
动词
间接宾语（人）
直接宾语( 物)
特殊结构的被动形式
②My uncle gave me a present the other day.P11
→ 　A present was given to me the other day by my uncle.　
→ 　I was given a present the other day by my uncle.　
A present was given to me the other day by my uncle.　
I was given a present the other day by my uncle.　
练习：
(2)有一类接宾语从句的动词，如say ,expect, report, think, believe, suppose, consider, know, 其被动语态有两种变法:
①it is done+that从句 ②sth/sb is done to do
e.g. People say that he has broken a world record.
It is said that he has broken a world record.
He is said to have broken a world record.
练习： We expect that our team will win the game.
It is expected that our team will win the game.
Our team is expected to win the game.
“it + be +过去分词+从句”式的被动结构
e.g. It’s said that she has some supernatural powers.
It’s reported that they have discovered a new star.
常见的结构还有：
It is known that... 众所周知
It is suggested that... 有人建议
It is believed that... 人们相信
(3) 在“make/see/hear/watch/notice + sb + do”结构中，后面的宾补do为省略to 的不定式，变被动语态时，省略的to要还原。
eg: They made him go there alone.
He was made to go there alone.
　①We saw a stranger enter the building just now.P11
→ 　A stranger was seen to enter the building just now.　
A stranger was seen to enter the building just now.　
③The bad weather made me decide to stay here for another day.
→ 　I was made to decide to stay here for another day by the bad weather.　
I was made to decide to stay here for another day by the bad weather.　
练习：
(4) “动词+介词/副词”构成的动词短语结构（如look after, put on, pay attention to）也可以变被动语态，此时该结构可视为“及物动词”不可分割，即他们原来所带的介词或副词必须保留。
eg: She often looks after the elderly.
The elderly are often looked after by her.
练习：
④My uncle took good care of me when I was young.P11
→ 　I was taken good care of by my uncle when I was young.　
I was taken good care of by my uncle when I was young.　
(5) 带情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
e.g. The problem may be solved in a number of different ways.
In our school, library books must be returned in two weeks.
The highway should be extended by 200 km to that town.
(6) “get+done”构成被动语态
用来表示状态或情况, 常考的形式如：
get married 结婚
get engaged 订婚
get hurt/wounded 受伤
get lost 迷路
get drunk 喝醉了
get caught/stuck/trapped 被困
get dressed 穿好衣服
get run over 被(车)轧
1) 有些不及物动词主动形式可表被动意义。
①. 某些连系动词，如feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste 等后跟形容词或名词，构成系表结构，没有被动。
e.g. The food tasted better than it looked.
②. 某些与can’t, won’t 等连用的不及物动词，如move, lock, shut, open等。
e.g. It can't move.
The door won't shut.
主动形式表示被动意义
③. 某些动词如read, write, wash, sell, drive, eat, shut等被用做不及物动词来描述主语特征时，用主动表被动，主语通常是物。常与well, easily， badly等副词连用的不及物动词，
e.g. My new pen writes well.
The cloth doesn’t wash easily.
This kind of book sells well.
2) 非谓语动词的某些主动形式表示被动意义
①. 在“be + 形容词+ 不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等。
e.g. The question is difficult to answer.
练习：这个问题很容易解决。
The problem is easy to work out.
②. 在be worth doing 和be to blame 结构中，动词-ing 形式或动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
e.g. The match is well worth watching.
Who is to blame for the mistake
The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.
③. 当want, need, require 表示“需要”时，其宾语可用动词-ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义。
e.g. The carpet really wants cleaning (= wants to be cleaned).
Most house plants require watering (= require to be watered).
　用所给动词的适当形式填空P11
①His books 　sell　 （sell） well， so they will be sold out soon.
②This cheese 　doesn’t cut　 （not cut） easily.It’s too soft.
③These small trees need 　taking/to be taken　 （take） good care of.
sell　
doesn’t cut　
taking/to be taken　
①不及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态。常见的有happen, last, rise, occur, break out, take place, come true, consist of, lose heart, belong to等短语动词。
eg: The war broke out in 1941.
The sports meeting will take place next Monday.
②系动词也不能用于被动语态，常见的有look, seem, appear, feel, taste, remain, stay, become, grow, go等
eg: This kind of materail feels smooth.
不能用于被动语态的情况
Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese.
1 What is done cannot _________. (undo)
2 Janet ______________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect)
3 Two hundred grammes of flour should ___________ to the cake mix. (add)
be undone
was elected
be added
木已成舟 / 覆水难收。
珍妮特上个月当选为学生会主席。
蛋糕料里需要加入两百克面粉。
Practice
4 A 3,000-seat venue ______________ for the circus performance in November. (build)
5 Working efficiency ______________________since this new software was adopted. (improve)
will be built
has been improved
一个拥有三千座位，供马戏表演使用的场地将于十一月建成。
自从采用了新软件，工作效率就被提升了。
6 Only one piece of carry-on luggage ____________ for each economy class passenger. (allow)
is allowed
经济舱的乘客每人仅允许携带一件随身行李。
8 When I entered the room, I found that the salesman's salary ________________________at the meeting. (discuss)
was being discussed
我进会议室的时候发现正在讨论销售员的薪水.
7 It is a great honour for me to ____________ to address this international AI conference. (invite)
be invited
我很荣幸能被邀请在AI大会上发言。
9 With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination. He is expected to ______________ to a top university. (admit)
be admitted
使用转换为盲文的高考试卷，一位高中的视障学生考取了630分(总分650)。他有望被一所名校录取。
explore translate discover regard represent
set up recruit write get caught up connect
Science fiction ___________by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ___________. The Three-Body Problem, _________ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008.
is regarded
written
explored
Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.
When the first volume ____________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book ______________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans.
The Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao. Ye ____________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which _________________ to contact alien life forms.
represents
is recruited
has been set up
was translated
explore translate discover regard represent
set up recruit write get caught up connect
In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao ______________ in a popular online game called "Three Body", in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people's stories ____________ And how will their behavior change Earth's future and the civilisations of other planets Answers to all
these questions are waiting to ________________ when you
go on reading.
explore translate discover regard represent
set up recruit write get caught up connect
connected
be discovered
gets caught up