高中英语 高考冲刺语法专题2：数词、介词和介词短语
【问题查找】
Group1 数词
一、单句语法填空
1. To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a__________ (three).
2. It’s reported that the United States uses __________ (two) as much energy as the whole of Europe every year.
3. In the flood, about two million people were injured and ___________ (million) of houses fell into pieces.
4. In the summer holiday following my ____________ (eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons.
5. We can see ___________ (thousand) of stars at night if it is fine.
Keys: 1. third 2. second 3.millions 4. eighteenth 5. thousands
二、翻译句子
毕业晚会将于6月30日晚上19:30举行。
_________________________________________________________________
投稿的截止日期为2024年2月1日。
_________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1. The graduation party will be held at 19:30 / nineteen thirty / half past seven in the evening on June 30th.
2. The deadline for submission is Febuary 1st, 2024.
Group2 介词与介词短语
一、单句语法填空
1. Guangdong is __________the south of China, and it is __________ the north of Hainan.
2. I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry __________ a conversation with her.
3. Students don’t go to school __________ Sundays.
4. It is amazing that the little boy can swim ____________ the river measuring 100 meters wide.
5. They encourage discussion with other students and help you develop your English __________ new and challenging ways.
6. Modem methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
7. I was searching __________ these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
8. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) __________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects.
9. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree __________ engineering or architecture.
10. But my connection with pandas goes back __________ my days on a TV show in the mid-
1980s.
11. Most of us are more focused __________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
12. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat __________ their hands.
13. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ____________ hand rather than rolled.
14. Giant pandas also serve _____________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
15. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _____________ earth, Mother Nature.
Keys: 1. in; to 2. on 3. on 4. across 5. in 6. of/ for 7. for 8. as 9. in 10. to 11. on 12. with 13. by 14. as 15. on
二、完形填空单项节选题
I find a ____47(clean)____ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ____48(significant)____ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ____49____.
The best of a Kilimanjaro ____50____, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are ____51____ as spiritual places by many cultures. This ____52____ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ____53____ go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ____54____ lands of low growing plants.
49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
Keys: 49. A 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. B 54. D
【要点精讲】
数词
学习目标：
能正确判定数词，掌握数词的用法并实际运用于语法填空和书面表达中
目标分解：
（1）掌握基数词、序数词的定义、分类及拼写
（2）掌握基数词、序数词的基本用法
（3）掌握数词的拓展用法
教学过程：激发动机、激发已有知识、解决问题、内化过程、总结优化
一、用合适的活动激发学生动机。
外部动机：选择合适的方法激发学习动机
内部动机：好激发
二、激发已有知识
1、教师提问：什么是数词？数词有哪两种分类？
表示数量或顺序的词为数词。数词分为基数词和序数词。
三、解决学习问题：目标对应的活动（目标的问题化分解）：
1、教师提问：你知道常见的基数词和序数词怎么拼写吗？
（1）基数词与序数词的写法
基数词
one seven thirteen nineteen
two eight fourteen twenty
three nine fifteen twenty-one
four ten sixteen twenty-two
five eleven seventeen thirty
six twelve eighteen ninety
序数词
first seventh thirteenth nineteenth
second eighth fourteenth twentieth
third ninth fifteenth twenty-first
fourth tenth sixteenth twenty-second
fifth eleventh seventeenth thirtieth
sixth twelfth eighteenth ninetieth
内化过程：观察一下five, twelve, twenty, thirty, ninety, twenty-one, twenty-two及其序数词, 你能发现什么变化规律？
以-ve结尾的基数词变序数词，把ve改成f再加th
以-ty结尾的整十基数词变序数词，把y改成ie再加th
表示“几十几”的基数词变序数词，只需变个位数
2、教师提问：你知道基数词和序数词的基本用法吗？
（1）基数词和序数词的用法
①基数词表数量。如：
There are eight boats in the lake.
②序数词表次序，翻译成“第……”，序数词前一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。如：
eg. Tom is their second son.
.He is the first one to come here.
注意：序数词有时可与不定冠词连用，表示数量上“又—”,“再一”
eg：He tried a second time.他又试了—次。
Shall l ask him a third time 还要我再问他—次吗 （我已问了他两次）
3、教师提问：你知道数词的拓展用法吗？
（1）hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen的用法
有数字没s：5 hundred trees, 2 dozen apples, 6 billion population
有s有of： dozens of eggs, hundreds of students, many thousands of soldiers
（2）编号的表示方法
第二课 .Lesson Two = the second lesson = Lesson 2
2路公交车 Bus No. 2 = the number two bus
206房 Room 206
（3）时间的表示方法
顺读法
6：25 six twenty-five 9：48 nine forty-eight
逆读法
①分钟数≦30用past(超过) 7：23 twenty-three past seven
②分钟数﹥30用to(还差) 8：50 ten to nine
半小时与一刻钟： half, quarter
2：30 half past two 6：45 a quarter to seven
持续时间表达
一个半小时 one hour and a half = one and a half hours
The meeting last one hour and a half.
She has waited for a bus for one and a half hours.
（4）年、月、日、世纪、年代的表示方法
月份一览表
January (Jan.) May September (Sep.)
February (Feb.) June October (Oct.)
March (Mar.) July (Jul.) November (Nov.)
April (Apr.) August (Aug.) December (Dec.)
某年某月：
2017年12月 December 2017
某月某日：
12月10日 December 10 = December the tenth = the tenth of December
某年某月某日：
2017年12月10日 December 10, 2017
世纪、年代：
19世纪 in the nineteenth century
80年代 in the eighties
20世纪70年代 in the 1970s (1970’s)
（5）分数与小数的表示方法
分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母加s。
1/4 one fourth 3/4 three fourths
小数与百分数：小数点读成point，百分号读成percent。
5. 68 five point six eight 30% thirty percent
分数、小数与名词连用。
5/6 的作业 five sixths of the homework
60%的工人 sixty percent of the workers
1.8个苹果 one point eight of apples
（6）倍数表示法
1). 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as
I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。
2). 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount，length…) of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。
3). 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
4). 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
今年粮食产量增加了4倍
（7）度量衡的表示方法
1厘米 1 centimeter 2英寸 2 inches 100米 100 meters
6公里 6 kilometers 3英尺3feet 8码8 yards
4公斤 4 kilograms 5磅5 pounds 7吨 seven tons
9米深 9 meters deep .3米宽3 meters wide 2米长2cmeters long
（8）含数词的短语
at the age of+基数词：在……岁时
He went abroad at the age of 18.
in one’s + 基数词复数
He started a company in his fifties.
带有数词的名词作定语的表达
a seven-year-old boy
a hundred-meter race
a ten-minute walk = 10 minutes’ walk
介词
学习目标：
学生能正确判定介词，掌握介词的用法并实际运用于语法填空中
目标分解：
（1）掌握介词的定义及语法功能
（2）掌握介词的基本用法及对比用法
（3）掌握常考的介词短语
教学过程：激发动机、激发已有知识、解决问题、内化过程、总结优化
一、用合适的活动激发学生动机。
外部动机：选择合适的方法激发学习动机
内部动机：好激发
二、激发已有知识
1、教师提问：什么是介词？介词在句子中的语法功能有？
介词是一种虚词，来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作成分。介词构成的介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语。又能与动词，be+形容词组合构成谓语。
如：
We’ll go to school in two weeks. （作状语）
The man with long hair is my English teacher. （作定语）
The students are under the tree. （作表语）
He found the girl on the playground. （作宾补）
He is interested in tennis. （系表结构作谓语）
She turned on the TV. （动词短语作谓语)
三、解决学习问题：目标对应的活动（目标的问题化分解）：
1、教师提问：你知道方位介词in, on, to的区别用法吗？
方位介词in, on, to辨析
in 表示包含 Guangdong is in the south of China.
on 表示接壤 Guangdong is on the east of Guangxi.
to 表示相隔 Guangdong is to the south of Beijing.
2. 教师提问：你知道方位介词across, through, over的区别用法吗？
across 指从表面穿过，如过马路、过桥等。 You must be careful when you go across the road.
through 指从内部穿过，如穿过森林、门窗等。 The river goes through our village.
over 指从上面越过，如越过围墙、栏杆等。 She can jump over the hurdle(跨栏).
教师提问：你知道in the wall和on the wall以及in the tree和on the tree的区别用法吗？
in the wall 指在墙壁里 There is a hole in the wall.
on the wall 指在墙壁表面 There is a picture on the wall.
in the tree 指树上的外来物 There is a bird in the tree.
on the tree 指树自身生长的东西 There are many apples on the tree.
教师提问：你知道in front of 和 in the front of 的区别用法吗？
in front of 反义：behind An old lady is standing in front of the car.
in the front of 反义：at the back of An old man is driving, sitting in the front of the car.
教师提问：你知道方位介词above, below和over, under和on的区别用法吗？
above 反义：below There is a light above the table. Many flowers are below the windows.
仅表示位置上“高于”或“低于”，不表示垂直关系。
over 反义：under There is a stone bridge over the river. There is a baby cat under the table.
表示垂直上下关系
on 表示在某物体上面并与之接触 He put his watch on the desk.
教师提问：你知道介词among 和between的区别用法吗？
among （三者或以上）之间 He is the most humorous friend among these ten men.
between （两者）之间 Don’t sit between the two chairs.
教师提问：你知道时间介词in, on, at的区别用法吗？
in + 较长的时间 in 2016 / summer / July
on + 具体的某一天 on Sunday / August 6th / Children’s Day / a cold night
at + 点钟 at ten o’clock
教师提问：你知道时间介词since, for+完成时的区别用法吗？
since + 时间点/句子 I have known him since 2016 I have known him since I was a child.
for + 一段时间 I have known him for 5 years.
教师提问：你知道时间介词after / in (+一段时间) 的区别用法吗？
after + 一般过去时 He came after 3 days.
in + 一般将来时 He will come in 3 days.
教师提问：你知道介词except, except for besides, but, apart from (表“除了”) 的区别用法吗？
except 表示减的概念，表示“除了” All the students came except Tom.
except for 表示减的概念，表示“除了”，但except前后两名词属于同类名词，except for前后两名词属于不同类名词，多表明理由细节 Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
besides 表示加的概念，表示“除了……还有” The boss still needs 3 men besides Tom.
but 表示“除了”，与no, not any, all 等词连用时为介词，后面的动词用不定式，如果but前面有实义动词do 的任何形式，则but 后面用动词原形。否则，就用不定式形式。 I have no choice but to wait. I can do nothing but wait.
apart from 在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含义，又有except和except for的含义，要根据上下文来判别 ①Apart from/Besides English, he has a good command of Russian and French. ②He has no interests, apart from/except his work. ③It’s a good paper, apart from/except for a few spelling mistakes.
教师提问：你知道介词in, with, by (表“使用”) 的区别用法吗？
in +语言/颜色等 Can you translate this sentence in English.
with +冠词/代词+ 具体的手段或工具 You can write down with this pen.
by + 具体的手段或工具 by hand; by letter; by post; by means/ways of
教师提问：你知道介词by, in, on(+ 交通工具)的区别用法吗？
by 直接+交通工具 by bus
in / on 需加冠词 (be) in a car =take a car
教师提问：你知道介词as和like的区别用法吗？
as 作为 As a teacher, he cares for these children.
like 像 He cares for these children like their father.
教师提问：你知道介词against的用法吗？
against 逆着、迎着(方向) We run against the wind.
反对 He was active in politics and was strongly against slavery.
撞击；碰着 He hit against the pole reading as he was walking.
靠着 He put the ladder against the wall.
和……对照/对比；以……为背景 Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky.
防备 defend against enemy; protest against rain
教师提问：你知道原因介词有哪些吗？这些原因介词有什么区别用法吗？
for 常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用 I am sorry for what I said to you.
at 表示引起某种情感变化的原因，常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用，意为“因听到或看到……而……” He was surprised at the news.
from 常接抽象名词表示自然、间接或外在的原因，如受伤、车祸等。 He died from the wound.
of 多用于表示自身或内在的原因，如病、饿等 The old man died of hunger.
with 指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. He was shaking with anger.
by 表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因 She took your umbrella by mistake.
over 一般用于cry, weep, laugh等带有感彩的动词后，表示所发生的事情的原因 She wept over the death of her daughter. We laughed over the victory.
because of 表示引起结果的直接原因 He retired last month because of his illness.
thanks to 表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常意为“幸亏……，多亏……” Thanks to John, we won the game.
教师提问：你知道计量介词有哪些吗？这些计量介词有什么区别用法吗？
at 表示“以……速度；以……价格” It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. I sold my car at a high price.
for 表示“用……交换；以……为代价”。注意：at表示单价，for表示总钱数。 He sold his car for 500 dollars.
by 表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。注意：by后接具体度量单位要加the。 They paid him by the month.
教师提问：你知道介词能和哪些词性搭配构成短语吗？
高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。常考题型为：完形填空、语法填空。
(1)动词词组：
如remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人的……；result from由……引起；call at访问(某地)
(2)形容词词组：
如be curious about对……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的欢迎
(3)介词短语：
如apart from除……之外；in addition to除……之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为……提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备，万一；thanks to由于；in the middle of在……中间according to根据；in front of在……前面；in return for作为对……的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为……的结果；in exchange for与……交换等。
【查漏补缺】
Group1 数词
一、单句语法填空
1. Tom, a twelve-year-old boy, can speak English quite well. He wants to learn a _________(two) language.
2. This Saturday is my ___________________ (nineteen) birthday. Welcome to my party!
3. There were ____________(hundred) of people on the ship at that time.
4. The museum was built in the ______________(seventeen) century.
5. John set up a company in his ______________ (twenty).
6. ____________ (million) of teenagers are admitted to university every year.
Keys:1.second 2. nineteenth 3. hundred 4. seventeenth 5. twenties 6. millions
二、翻译句子
1. 英语口语竞赛将于3月11日上午9点举行。
______________________________________________________________________________
2. 暑假是寒假的两倍长。
______________________________________________________________________________\
3. 龙舟赛将于5月23日下午3点举行。
______________________________________________________________________________
4. 这条铁路比那条铁路长3倍。
______________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1. The English speaking contest will be held at 9: 00 on March 11th.
2. Summer holiday is two times as long as winter holiday.
3. The dragon boat contest will be held at 15: 00 on May 23rd.
4. This railway is 3 times longer than that one.
Group2 介词与介词短语
一、单句语法填空
1. Most of us are more focused ________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
2. Alla usually goes to work _______ her car, but today she goes there _______ taxi because her car was broken.
3. He has been here _______2014. In another word, he has been here _______ 4 years.
4. Tom sits _______ the front of the classroom while John sits_______the back of it.
5. There is a hole _______the front wall and there is a picture _______the back wall.
Keys:1. on 2. in; by 3. since; for 4. in; at 5. in; on
二、完形填空单项节选题
1. It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers ____41____ about the small dog he had seen ____42____ alongside the road. He had ____43____ to coax（哄）the dog to him but, frightened, it had ____44____.
41. A. read B. forgot C. thought D. heard
42. A. read B. trembling C. eating D. sleeping
43. A. tried B. agreed C. promised D. regretted
44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off
2. Windows and doors have _____53 (important)_____ metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in _____54 (life)_____ they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and _____55_____ opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just _____56_____ it and wonder, “What if it isn’t a door ” That is, “What if it isn’t a _____57_____ opportunity ”
55. A. by comparison with B. in addition to
C. regardless of D. instead of
56. A. get hold of B. stare at C. knock on D. make use of
57. A. real B. typical C. similar D. limited
3. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____44 (race)____ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____45____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____46____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____47____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____48____ attention.
45. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
46. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
47. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
48. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
Keys:1. CBAD 2. DBA 3. CBDA
【梳理优化】
数词
A. 补充、完善初步总结的解题方法。
一、常考题型：
1. 听说 2. 语法填空 3. 书面表达
二、解题技巧
语法填空题中数词的解题技巧
1. 判断所给单词是否是数词（一般是给出提示词的）；
2. 根据题目运用基数词或者序数词。
介词和介词短语
A. 补充、完善初步总结的解题方法。
一、常考题型：
1. 完型填空 2. 语法填空题
二、解题技巧
语法填空题中介词和介词短语的解题技巧
观察空格处是否给出提示词（一般是未给出提示词的）；
观察空格处前后是否有构成搭配短语或者表时间、地点、原因、方式等；
判断是否需要填入介词；
根据题意和所学知识填入恰当的介词
小窍门：
口诀1:
年月周前要用in, 日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。
要说某日上下午， 用on换in才能行。黎明午夜黄昏要用at，时分前用它也不错。
口诀2:
in在……里， out在……外，在旁边的是beside，靠近的为by 。
on在……上，under在……下，above在上头, below在底下。
口诀3:
this, that, next, last, one,
接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。
over, under正上下，above, below则不然，
besides, except分内外，among之内along沿。
before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。
since以来during间，since时态多变换。
【强化巩固】
单句语法填空
Group1数词
—Which month of the year do you like
.— July, the _____________ month because summer vacation begins in this month.
As a result of the farmers’ hardworking, they harvested the wheat this year ________ (third) times as much as they did the year before.
She graduated from university at the age of ______________(twenty-first).
She got married with Tom in her _____________ (thirty).
Please give me a ___________ (two) chance.
Keys: 1. seventh 2. three 3. twenty-one 4. thirties 5. second
Group 2介词和介词短语
1. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _______ the year of 2000.
2. A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics.
3. There is nothing in our bedroom _______ a new bed.
4. I have a few other friends ______________ you.
5. Does he always go to work _______ bike or ______ foot
6. ---Kelly, who’s the girl _______ glasses in the photo
---It’s me. I used to wear glasses and have long hair.
Keys: 1. since 2. without 3. except 4.besides 5. by; on 6. with
【课后练习】
Group1数词
翻译句子
1. 我的爷爷在八十多岁时去世了。
_______________________________________________________________________
李华总是第一个完成作业。
_______________________________________________________________________
饭后散步10分钟有助于我们的健康。
_______________________________________________________________________
Keys:1. My grandfather passed away in his eighties.
2. Li Hua is always the first to finish the homework.
3. Taking a 10 minutes’ walk after dinner is good for our health.
Group 2介词和介词短语
单句语法填空
1. Our teachers are not only strict _______ their work, but also strict _______ their students.
2. Mr. Brown sat back _______ a smile _______ his face.
3. Mary found a small bag _______ the ground _______ the way to school.
4. The field was full _______ sheep and they were lying _______ the ground.
5. Mary was angry _______ Kate who laughed _______ her.
6. Swimming is good _______ our health, but _______ the same time we mustn’t forget the danger.
Keys:1. in; with 2. with; on 3. on; on 4.of; on 5. with; at 6. for; at
二、语法填空
The giant panda is loved 1___________ people throughout the world. Chinese scientists 2_______________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda 3___________ a newborn baby. She was a very caring mother. For 4_______________ (twenty-fifth) days, she never left her baby, not even to find something to eat! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract dangerous 5_______________
(animal) that would try to eat the little comforting pats. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 6____________ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 7_________ more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 8______(it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 9___________ (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, 10_____________ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
Keys: 1. by 2. recently 3. with 4. twenty-five 5. animals
6. When/If 7. for 8. its 9. drove 10. and
三、阅读理解
Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.
Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.
Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity（湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.
12. What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph
A. They produce oxygen. B. They cover a vast area.
C. They are well managed. D. They are rich in wildlife.
13. Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests
A. Heavy rains B. Big trees.
C. Small plants. D. Forest animals.
14. Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other
A. For more sunlight. B. For more growing space.
C. For self-protection. D. For the detection of insects.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Life-Giving Rainforests B. The Law of the Jungle
C. Animals in the Amazon D. Weather in Rainforests
Keys: 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
说明文。热带雨林被称为“世界上最大的药房”，因为超过25%的现代药物是由其植物提炼。热带雨林也享有“地球之肺”的美誉，因其植物的光合作用净化地球空气的能力尤为强大。仅亚马逊热带雨林产生的氧气就占全球氧气总量的1/3。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.得知，热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。可知，热带雨林有丰富的野生动物，故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.得知，热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系，高大的树木有枝干，树叶的树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳强风带来的干燥热浪的伤害。可知，大树有助于热带雨林生存，故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars.得知，科学家们认为这是植物阻止任何树木疾病扩散和让比如毛毛虫这种食用树叶的昆虫难以生存。可以判断出不同树木的树叶和树枝避免彼此触碰是为了自我保护，故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。本文首先讲述了热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。其次，热带雨林就是地球的肺——它吸纳了大量的二氧化碳，并制造了全球氧气的很大部分。然后，雨林可以自我形成所需降雨的75%，而庞大的热带雨林湿气则可以形成雨云，这些雨云则可以飘往那些缺雨水的国家。可以判断出本文最佳标题是“给予生命的热带雨林”，故选A。
四、七选五
The earth gives us life. _____1_____. However, the human beings that don’t appreciate the earth, let harmful gases cause pollution and kill millions of animals living here with us, don’t deserve the planet and should be punished and pay the price.
The earth lets us breathe. _____2_____. It’s totally wrong to destroy nature and take what we have for granted. Never take what you have for granted, because one day it could all be gone. If you have already worked for or managed a factory that lets off harmful gases, or if you have gone hunting and killed something that share harmony with us, there is no way to make it up to our planet. _____3_____ I can’t hear what our planet is saying. No one really knows that, but I know that if I were the earth and someone didn’t care about the life I gave them so trustingly, I wouldn’t forgive them.
_____4_____ The only thing that really matters and helps is to just take care of the life around you. Respect it and appreciate it and don’t ever take what you have for granted! _____5_____ Trees would be growing from the healthiest of soil instead of being firewood or just cut down to make room and space for another factory with more destructive chemicals. The sky wouldn’t be dirty and smog filled, with no room for the sun or clean air to be breathed in. The earth wouldn’t bodying. It’s not one person’s duty; it’s every person’s. We should take action immediately before it’s too late.
A. However, there are ways to help our planet not become worse so rapidly!
B. The earth is so useful that we can’t live without it.
C. It gives us food, water, shelter and natural beauty.
D. The minute a life is lost, forgiveness is not possible.
E. If you take good care of the earth, it will surely pay back.
F. The human beings that care for it and love it deserve what our planet provides us with.
G. If everyone did just that and cared creatures all over our world wouldn’t’t be endangered.
Keys: 夹叙夹议文。地球给了我们生命，让我们呼吸， 给我们提供食物、水、住所和自然美景。作者倡导大家要关爱地球，不要把我们现在拥有的东西认为是理所当然的。保护地球是每一个人的责任。
1.F 此题是逻辑线索。根据后句“然而，人类不珍惜地球，让有害气体造成污染，杀死与我们生活在这里的数百万动物，他们不配拥有这个星球，应该受到惩罚，并为此付出代价。”选项F意思为：关心它并热爱它的人类理应得到我们星球提供给我们的东西。空后一句However 表示转折，句中的“the human beings that don’t appreciate the earth,…don’t deserve…”与选项F中的“The human beings that care for it and love it deserve …. ”句意形成对比。故选F项。
2.C 此题是代词线索。根据前句“The earth lets us breathe”。选项C意思为： 它给我们提供食物、水、住所和自然美景。成接上文。选项C中的it指代前一句的the earth。故选C项。
3.D 此题线索是词汇复现。选项D意思为：失去生命的那一刻，是不可能得到宽恕的。下文提到“if I were the earth and someone didn’t care about the life I gave them so trustingly, I wouldn’t forgive them. 如果我是地球，有人不在乎我如此信任给与他们的生活，我不会原谅他们。”，与选项D语义相顺承；forgive与选项D中的forgiveness是同根词复现。故选D 项。
4.A 选项A意思为： 然而，有一些方法可以帮助我们的地球不要如此快得变得糟糕！该空位于段首，应该是该段的总起句；下文是建议大家关爱生命，行动起来，是对选项A 的进一步说明。故选A项。
5.G 选项G意思为： 如果每个人都这样做，关心生命，世界各地的生物就不会受到威胁。 空前提到“唯一真正重要和有帮助的是关爱你周围的生命。” 选项G是顺承上面的话题；其中“If everyone did just that”即是指上一句的内容“Respect it and appreciate it and don’t ever take what you have for granted!”故选G项。高中英语 高考冲刺语法专题 2：数词、介词和介词短语
【问题查找】
Group1 数词
一、单句语法填空
1. To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a__________ (three).
2. It’s reported that the United States uses __________ (two) as much energy as the whole of Europe every year.
3. In the flood, about two million people were injured and ___________ (million) of houses fell into pieces.
4. In the summer holiday following my ____________ (eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons.
5. We can see ___________ (thousand) of stars at night if it is fine.
二、翻译句子
毕业晚会将于6月30日晚上19:30举行。
_________________________________________________________________
投稿的截止日期为2024年2月1日。
_________________________________________________________________
Group2 介词与介词短语
一、单句语法填空
1. Guangdong is __________the south of China, and it is __________ the north of Hainan.
2. I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry __________ a conversation with her.
3. Students don’t go to school __________ Sundays.
4. It is amazing that the little boy can swim ____________ the river measuring 100 meters wide.
5. They encourage discussion with other students and help you develop your English __________ new and challenging ways.
6. Modem methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
7. I was searching __________ these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
8. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) __________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects.
9. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree __________ engineering or architecture.
10. But my connection with pandas goes back __________ my days on a TV show in the mid-
1980s.
11. Most of us are more focused __________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
12. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat __________ their hands.
13. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ____________ hand rather than rolled.
14. Giant pandas also serve _____________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
15. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _____________ earth, Mother Nature.
二、完形填空真题节选
I find a ____47(clean)____ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ____48(significant)____ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ____49____.
The best of a Kilimanjaro ____50____, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are ____51____ as spiritual places by many cultures. This ____52____ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ____53____ go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ____54____ lands of low growing plants.
49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
【要点精讲】
数词
学习目标：
能正确判定数词，掌握数词的用法并实际运用于语法填空和书面表达中
步骤一：基数词与序数词的写法
基数词
one seven nineteen
two eight
three nine twenty-one
four ten sixteen twenty-two
five seventeen thirty
six eighteen ninety
序数词
first seventh thirteenth nineteenth
eighth fourteenth
ninth
fourth tenth sixteenth twenty-second
seventeenth thirtieth
sixth ninetieth
步骤二：基数词和序数词的用法
①基数词表数量。如：
There are eight boats in the lake.
②序数词表次序，翻译成“第……”，序数词前一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。如：
eg. Tom is their second son.
He is the first one to come here.
注意：序数词有时可与不定冠词连用，表示数量上“又—”,“再一”
eg：He tried a second time.他又试了—次。
Shall l ask him a third time 还要我再问他—次吗 （我已问了他两次）
步骤三：数词的拓展用法
（1）hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen的用法
有数字没s：5 hundred trees, 2 dozen apples, 6 billion population
有s有of： dozens of eggs, hundreds of students, many thousands of soldiers
（2）编号的表示方法
第二课 .Lesson Two = Lesson 2=
2路公交车 Bus No. 2 =
206房 Room 206
（3）时间的表示方法
顺读法
6：25 six twenty-five 9：48
逆读法
①分钟数≦30用past(超过) 7：23
②分钟数﹥30用to(还差) 8：50
半小时与一刻钟： half, quarter
2：30 half past two 6：45
持续时间表达
一个半小时 one hour and a half =
The meeting last one hour and a half.
She has waited for a bus for one and a half hours.
（4）年、月、日、世纪、年代的表示方法
月份一览表
某年某月：
2017年12月 December 2017
某月某日：
12月10日 December 10 = December the tenth = the tenth of December
某年某月某日：
2017年12月10日 December 10, 2017
世纪、年代：
19世纪 in the nineteenth century
80年代 in the eighties
20世纪70年代 in the 1970s (1970’s)
（5）分数与小数的表示方法
分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母加s。
1/4 one fourth 3/4
小数与百分数：小数点读成point，百分号读成percent。
5. 68 five point six eight 30% thirty percent
分数、小数与名词连用。
5/6 的作业 five sixths of the homework
60%的工人
1.8个苹果
（6）倍数表示法
1). 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as
I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。
2). 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount，length…) of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。
3). 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
4). 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
今年粮食产量增加了4倍
（7）度量衡的表示方法
1厘米 1 centimeter 2英寸 2 inches 100米 100 meters
6公里 6 kilometers 3英尺3feet 8码8 yards
4公斤 4 kilograms 5磅5 pounds 7吨 seven tons
9米深 9 meters deep .3米宽3 meters wide 2米长2cmeters long
（8）含数词的短语
at the age of+基数词：在……岁时
He went abroad at the age of 18.
in one’s + 基数词复数
He started a company in his fifties.
带有数词的名词作定语的表达
a seven-year-old boy
aa hundred-meter race
a ten-minute walk = 10 minutes’ walk
介词
学习目标：
学生能正确判定介词，掌握介词的用法并实际运用于语法填空中
步骤一：介词的定义与语法功能
介词是一种虚词，来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作成分。介词构成的介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语。又能与动词，be+形容词组合构成谓语。
如：
We’ll go to school in two weeks. （作状语）
The man with long hair is my English teacher. （作定语）
The students are under the tree. （作表语）
He found the girl on the playground. （作宾补）
He is interested in tennis. （系表结构作谓语）
She turned on the TV. （动词短语作谓语)
步骤二：各类介词的区别用法
1. 方位介词in, on, to的区别用法
in 表示包含 Guangdong is in the south of China.
on 表示接壤 Guangdong is on the east of Guangxi.
to 表示相隔 Guangdong is to the south of Beijing.
2. 方位介词across, through, over的区别用法
across 指从表面穿过，如过马路、过桥等。 You must be careful when you go across the road.
through 指从内部穿过，如穿过森林、门窗等。 The river goes through our village.
over 指从上面越过，如越过围墙、栏杆等。 She can jump over the hurdle(跨栏).
in the wall和on the wall以及in the tree和on the tree的区别用法
in the wall 指在墙壁里 There is a hole in the wall.
on the wall 指在墙壁表面 There is a picture on the wall.
in the tree 指树上的外来物 There is a bird in the tree.
on the tree 指树自身生长的东西 There are many apples on the tree.
in front of 和 in the front of 的区别用法
in front of 反义：behind An old lady is standing in front of the car.
in the front of 反义：at the back of An old man is driving, sitting in the front of the car.
方位介词above, below和over, under和on的区别用法
above 反义：below There is a light above the table. Many flowers are below the windows.
仅表示位置上“高于”或“低于”，不表示垂直关系。
over 反义：under There is a stone bridge over the river. There is a baby cat under the table.
表示垂直上下关系
on 表示在某物体上面并与之接触 He put his watch on the desk.
介词among 和between的区别用法
among （三者或以上）之间 He is the most humorous friend among these ten men.
between （两者）之间 Don’t sit between the two chairs.
时间介词in, on, at的区别用法
in + 较长的时间 in 2016 / summer / July
on + 具体的某一天 on Sunday / August 6th / Children’s Day / a cold night
at + 点钟 at ten o’clock
时间介词since, for+完成时的区别用法
since + 时间点/句子 I have known him since 2016 I have known him since I was a child.
for + 一段时间 I have known him for 5 years.
时间介词after / in (+一段时间) 的区别用法
after + 一般过去时 He came after 3 days.
in + 一般将来时 He will come in 3 days.
介词except, except for besides, but, apart from (表“除了”) 的区别用法
except 表示减的概念，表示“除了” All the students came except Tom.
except for 表示减的概念，表示“除了”，但except前后两名词属于同类名词，except for前后两名词属于不同类名词，多表明理由细节 Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
besides 表示加的概念，表示“除了……还有” The boss still needs 3 men besides Tom.
but 表示“除了”，与no, not any, all 等词连用时为介词，后面的动词用不定式，如果but前面有实义动词do 的任何形式，则but 后面用动词原形。否则，就用不定式形式。 I have no choice but to wait. I can do nothing but wait.
apart from 在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含义，又有except和except for的含义，要根据上下文来判别 ①Apart from/Besides English, he has a good command of Russian and French. ②He has no interests, apart from/except his work. ③It’s a good paper, apart from/except for a few spelling mistakes.
介词in, with, by (表“使用”) 的区别用法
in +语言/颜色等 Can you translate this sentence in English.
with +冠词/代词+ 具体的手段或工具 You can write down with this pen.
by + 具体的手段或工具 by hand; by letter; by post; by means/ways of
介词by, in, on(+ 交通工具)的区别用法
by 直接+交通工具 by bus
in / on 需加冠词 (be) in a car =take a car
介词as和like的区别用法
as 作为 As a teacher, he cares for these children.
like 像 He cares for these children like their father.
介词against的用法
against 逆着、迎着(方向) We run against the wind.
反对 He was active in politics and was strongly against slavery.
撞击；碰着 He hit against the pole reading as he was walking.
靠着 He put the ladder against the wall.
和……对照/对比；以……为背景 Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky.
防备 defend against enemy; protest against rain
原因介词的区别用法
for 常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用 I am sorry for what I said to you.
at 表示引起某种情感变化的原因，常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用，意为“因听到或看到……而……” He was surprised at the news.
from 常接抽象名词表示自然、间接或外在的原因，如受伤、车祸等。 He died from the wound.
of 多用于表示自身或内在的原因，如病、饿等 The old man died of hunger.
with 指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. He was shaking with anger.
by 表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因 She took your umbrella by mistake.
over 一般用于cry, weep, laugh等带有感彩的动词后，表示所发生的事情的原因 She wept over the death of her daughter. We laughed over the victory.
because of 表示引起结果的直接原因 He retired last month because of his illness.
thanks to 表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常意为“幸亏……，多亏……” Thanks to John, we won the game.
计量介词的区别用法
at 表示“以……速度；以……价格” It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. I sold my car at a high price.
for 表示“用……交换；以……为代价”。注意：at表示单价，for表示总钱数。 He sold his car for 500 dollars.
by 表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。注意：by后接具体度量单位要加the。 They paid him by the month.
介词在短语搭配中的应用
高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。常考题型为：完形填空、语法填空。
(1)动词词组：
如remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人的……；result from由……引起；call at访问(某地)
(2)形容词词组：
如be curious about对……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的欢迎
(3)介词短语：
如apart from除……之外；in addition to除……之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为……提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备，万一；thanks to由于；in the middle of在……中间according to根据；in front of在……前面；in return for作为对……的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为……的结果；in exchange for与……交换等。
【查漏补缺】
Group1 数词
一、单句语法填空
1. Tom, a twelve-year-old boy, can speak English quite well. He wants to learn a _________(two) language.
2. This Saturday is my ___________________ (nineteen) birthday. Welcome to my party!
3. There were ____________(hundred) of people on the ship at that time.
4. The museum was built in the ______________(seventeen) century.
5. John set up a company in his ______________ (twenty).
6. ____________ (million) of teenagers are admitted to university every year.
二、翻译句子
1. 英语口语竞赛将于3月11日上午9点举行。
______________________________________________________________________________
2. 暑假是寒假的两倍长。
______________________________________________________________________________\
3. 龙舟赛将于5月23日下午3点举行。
______________________________________________________________________________
4. 这条铁路比那条铁路长3倍。
______________________________________________________________________________
Group2 介词与介词短语
一、单句语法填空
1. Most of us are more focused ________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
2. Alla usually goes to work _______ her car, but today she goes there _______ taxi because her car was broken.
3. He has been here _______2014. In another word, he has been here _______ 4 years.
4. Tom sits _______ the front of the classroom while John sits_______the back of it.
5. There is a hole _______the front wall and there is a picture _______the back wall.
二、完形填空真题节选
1. It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers ____41____ about the small dog he had seen ____42____ alongside the road. He had ____43____ to coax（哄）the dog to him but, frightened, it had ____44____.
41. A. read B. forgot C. thought D. heard
42. A. read B. trembling C. eating D. sleeping
43. A. tried B. agreed C. promised D. regretted
44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off
2. Windows and doors have _____53 (important)_____ metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in _____54 (life)_____ they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and _____55_____ opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just _____56_____ it and wonder, “What if it isn’t a door ” That is, “What if it isn’t a _____57_____ opportunity ”
55. A. by comparison with B. in addition to
C. regardless of D. instead of
56. A. get hold of B. stare at C. knock on D. make use of
57. A. real B. typical C. similar D. limited
3. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____44 (race)____ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____45____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____46____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____47____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____48____ attention.
45. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
46. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
47. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
48. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
【梳理优化】
数词
A. 补充、完善初步总结的解题方法。
一、常考题型：
1. 听说 2. 语法填空 3. 书面表达
二、解题技巧
语法填空题中数词的解题技巧
1. 判断所给单词是否是数词（一般是给出提示词的）；
2. 根据题目运用基数词或者序数词。
介词和介词短语
A. 补充、完善初步总结的解题方法。
一、常考题型：
1. 完型填空 2. 语法填空题
二、解题技巧
语法填空题中介词和介词短语的解题技巧
观察空格处是否给出提示词（一般是未给出提示词的）；
观察空格处前后是否有构成搭配短语或者表时间、地点、原因、方式等；
判断是否需要填入介词；
根据题意和所学知识填入恰当的介词
小窍门：
口诀1:
年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。
要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。黎明午夜黄昏要用at，时分前用它也不错。
口诀2:
in在……里，out在……外，在旁边的是beside，靠近的为by 。
on在……上，under在……下，above在上头, below在底下。
口诀3:
this, that, next, last, one,
接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。
over, under正上下，above, below则不然，
besides, except分内外，among之内along沿。
before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。
since以来during间，since时态多变换。
【强化巩固】
单句语法填空
Group1数词
—Which month of the year do you like
.— July, the _____________ month because summer vacation begins in this month.
As a result of the farmers’ hardworking, they harvested the wheat this year ________ (third) times as much as they did the year before.
She graduated from university at the age of ______________(twenty-first).
She got married with Tom in her _____________ (thirty).
Please give me a ___________ (two) chance.
Group 2介词和介词短语
1. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _______ the year of 2000.
2. A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics.
3. There is nothing in our bedroom _______ a new bed.
4. I have a few other friends ______________ you.
5. Does he always go to work _______ bike or ______ foot
6. ---Kelly, who’s the girl _______ glasses in the photo
---It’s me. I used to wear glasses and have long hair.
【课后练习】
Group1数词
翻译句子
1. 我的爷爷在八十多岁时去世了。
_______________________________________________________________________
李华总是第一个完成作业。
_______________________________________________________________________
饭后散步10分钟有助于我们的健康。
_______________________________________________________________________
Group 2介词和介词短语
单句语法填空
1. Our teachers are not only strict _______ their work, but also strict _______ their students.
2. Mr. Brown sat back _______ a smile _______ his face.
3. Mary found a small bag _______ the ground _______ the way to school.
4. The field was full _______ sheep and they were lying _______ the ground.
5. Mary was angry _______ Kate who laughed _______ her.
6. Swimming is good _______ our health, but _______ the same time we mustn’t forget the danger.
二、语法填空
The giant panda is loved 1___________ people throughout the world. Chinese scientists 2_______________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda 3___________ a newborn baby. She was a very caring mother. For 4_______________ (twenty-fifth) days, she never left her baby, not even to find something to eat! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract dangerous 5_______________
(animal) that would try to eat the little comforting pats. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 6____________ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 7_________ more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 8______(it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 9___________ (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, 10_____________ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
三、阅读理解
Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.
Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.
Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity（湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.
12. What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph
A. They produce oxygen. B. They cover a vast area.
C. They are well managed. D. They are rich in wildlife.
13. Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests
A. Heavy rains B. Big trees.
C. Small plants. D. Forest animals.
14. Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other
A. For more sunlight. B. For more growing space.
C. For self-protection. D. For the detection of insects.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Life-Giving Rainforests B. The Law of the Jungle
C. Animals in the Amazon D. Weather in Rainforests
四、七选五
The earth gives us life. _____1_____. However, the human beings that don’t appreciate the earth, let harmful gases cause pollution and kill millions of animals living here with us, don’t deserve the planet and should be punished and pay the price.
The earth lets us breathe. _____2_____. It’s totally wrong to destroy nature and take what we have for granted. Never take what you have for granted, because one day it could all be gone. If you have already worked for or managed a factory that lets off harmful gases, or if you have gone hunting and killed something that share harmony with us, there is no way to make it up to our planet. _____3_____ I can’t hear what our planet is saying. No one really knows that, but I know that if I were the earth and someone didn’t care about the life I gave them so trustingly, I wouldn’t forgive them.
_____4_____ The only thing that really matters and helps is to just take care of the life around you. Respect it and appreciate it and don’t ever take what you have for granted! _____5_____ Trees would be growing from the healthiest of soil instead of being firewood or just cut down to make room and space for another factory with more destructive chemicals. The sky wouldn’t be dirty and smog filled, with no room for the sun or clean air to be breathed in. The earth wouldn’t bodying. It’s not one person’s duty; it’s every person’s. We should take action immediately before it’s too late.
A. However, there are ways to help our planet not become worse so rapidly!
B. The earth is so useful that we can’t live without it.
C. It gives us food, water, shelter and natural beauty.
D. The minute a life is lost, forgiveness is not possible.
E. If you take good care of the earth, it will surely pay back.
F. The human beings that care for it and love it deserve what our planet provides us with.
G. If everyone did just that and cared creatures all over our world wouldn’t’t be endangered.
