高中英语 高考冲刺语法专题4：谓语动词时态
【问题查找】
单句语法填空
While online shopping ___________(change) our life，not all of its effects have been positive.
The twins, Who (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
The real reason why prices (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
While we _________________ (wait) for the bus, a girl ran up to us.
Marty (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.
I’m afraid I won’t be available. I ____________________(see) a friend off at 5 o’clock this afternoon.
The guests _________________ (leave) by train tonight.
She said she ________________ (come) to take her laptop the next day.
The GPNP ___________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
10. You can’t help wondering how hard it ______________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place in the past.
11. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___________ (carry) special significance.
12. Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it _____________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ______________ (construct)＂
13. The unmanned Chan g’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ______________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
14. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut __________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.
15. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six __________ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
16. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene __________(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
17. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __________ (make) over
the years.
18. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
19. On the last day of our week-long stay, we __________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.
20. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it __________ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
Keys: 1. has changed 2. had finished 3. were 4. were waiting 5. has been working
6. will be seeing 7. are leaving 8. would come 9. is designed 10. was
11. carries 12. means; is constructed 13. touched 14. have reported 15. are
16. declared 17. have made 18. recommended 19. were invited 20. is
【要点精讲】
学习目标：
1. 掌握高考需要掌握的10种谓语动词时态的基本结构和用法
2. 掌握高考常考的几种易混时态的辨析
3. 掌握常见的固定句式的固定时态用法
目标分解：
（1）掌握一般现在时的基本结构和用法
（2）掌握一般过去时的基本结构和用法
（3）掌握一般将来时的基本结构和用法
（4）掌握过去将来时的基本结构和用法
（5）掌握现在进行时的基本结构和用法
（6）掌握过去进行时的基本结构和用法
（7）掌握将来进行时的基本结构和用法
（8）掌握现在完成时的基本结构和用法
（9）掌握过去完成时的基本结构和用法
（10）掌握现在完成进行时的基本结构和用法
（11）能够辨析各时态的区别用法
教学过程：激发动机、激发已有知识、解决问题、内化过程、总结优化
一、用合适的活动激发学生动机。
外部动机：选择合适的方法激发学习动变化规则机
内部动机：好激发
二、激发已有知识
1、教师提问：什么是谓语动词？什么是时态？高考需要掌握的谓语动词时态包括？
①谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词，主要由实义（行为）动词充当。
②英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。
③一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时（共10种）
三、解决学习问题：目标对应的活动（目标的问题化分解）：
1、教师提问：阅读下列各句， 结合谓语动词的形式说出各个句子中谓语动词的时态及相应用法。
熟读深思
1. I get up at 7: 00 every morning. (一般现在时；经常的动作)
2. The sun rises in the east. (一般现在时；客观真理)
3. Practice makes perfect. (一般现在时；格言或警句)
4. We often played together when we were children. (一般过去时；过去发生的事)
5. They’re having a meeting now. (现在进行时；此时此刻正在做的事)
6. I’m studying at an evening school. (现在进行时；现阶段正在做但说话时不一定在做的事)
7. She’s always helping others. (现在进行时；与always等连用表个人情感态度)
8. She was watching TV at home at that time. (过去进行时；过去某时刻正在做的事)
9. I will be having a meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon. (将来进行时；将来某时刻正在做的事)
10. I knew you would agree. (过去将来时；表在过去某个时候看来, 将要发生的事)
11. I have seen the film already.
(现在完成时；过去发生，已完成且暗示我现在已知道电影的内容了)
12. She has been a dancer for ten years. (现在完成时；从十年前开始一直到现在)
13. When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. (过去完成时；过去的过去)
14. When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.
(过去完成时；过去的过去)
15. The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
(现在完成进行时；从过去开始，一直持续到现在，有可能继续持续下去)
16. He will come if you invite him. (条件句中在一般现在时代替一般将来时)
17. The plane takes off at 11: 30. (时刻表中的规定，用一般现在时代替一般将来时)
18. Mike is coming home on Thursday. (近期计划, 常与表示将来的时间状语连用)
19. What are you going to do tomorrow (一般将来时，be going to do表考虑好的打算)
20. Look at the clouds; it’s going to rain. (一般将来时，be going to do表已有迹象表明的推测)
21. They are to be married in June. (一般将来时，be to do表正式安排)
22. He is about to set off for Beijing. (一般将来时，表立刻即将做的事)
归纳总结：
1. 时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式, 表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。高考考试说明中规定要掌握的有10种时态。
教师提问：一般现在时的用法是？
一般现在时考点分析：
(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。
Time and tide wait for no man.
(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
They always care for each other and help each other.
(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.
(5)少数用于表示起止或转移的动词如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
教师提问：一般过去时的用法是？
一般过去时考点分析：
(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯。
We met her in the street yesterday.
When he was young, he took cold baths regularly.
(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。
He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute等。
He bought a watch but lost it.
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
教师提问：一般将来时的用法是？
一般将来时考点分析：
(1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用will/shall+动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow; next week等。
We will have a meeting tomorrow.
(2)表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
We’ll die without air or water.
*(3) be going to do, will/shall do, be to do, be about to do的用法及区别：
①be going to do表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。另外，be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。
If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.[√]
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.[×]
②be to do表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3: 00 o’clock this afternoon.
③be about to do表示“即将, 正要”, 后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
教师提问：过去将来时的用法是？
过去将来时考点分析：
(1)过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。
He always said that he would study hard at that time.
(2)过去将来时可由“would＋动词原形; was/were going to+动词原形; as/were to+动词原形; was/were about to+动词原形 ”四种结构构成，用法基本与一般将来时一致。
She said that she wouldn’t do that again.
I thought it was going to rain.
She said she was to get married next month.
I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.
教师提问：现在进行时的用法是？
现在进行时考点分析：
(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；
(2)表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时正在进行的动作；
(3)表近期特定的安排或计划；
(4)go, come等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；
(5)与always, often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感彩。
She is teaching English and learning Chinese.
He is working on a paper.
I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight.
We are leaving on Friday.
The girl is always talking loud in public.
(6)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。
①表示心理状态、情感的动词：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need等
②表存在状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to等
③表示行为结果的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete等
④表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look等
教师提问：过去进行时的用法是？
过去进行时考点分析：
(1)过去进行时的构成为was/were＋doing, 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.
(2)表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave, start, arrive, go, come等。
I was coming to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.
教师提问：将来进行时的用法是？
将来进行时考点分析：
(1)表示将来某个时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作。其构成为：will/shall be doing
将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow, from 1:30 to 4:30 the day after tomorrow 等。
I’ll be talking with the professor at this time tomorrow.
教师提问：现在完成时的用法是？
现在完成时考点分析：
(1)由“have/has＋过去分词”构成，表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，但现在已经完成，且结果仍对现在有影响。
The car has arrived. We can go now.
(2)表示一个动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。
I have learned English for 10 years.
(3)现在完成时除可以和for, since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past) few years(months, weeks), in recent years, so far, up to now等。
(4)下列句型中常用现在完成时。
It is (has been)+一段时间+since从句
This (That / It) is the first (second...) time that+现在完成时
This (That / It) is the best / finest / most interesting...+that+现在完成时
(5)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
教师提问：过去完成时的用法是？
过去完成时考点分析：
(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况：
①在by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。
By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
The train had left before we reached the station.
②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended / thought / wanted / expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式。
I had hoped to come to help you. Something happened to me. That’s why I didn’t come.
③“时间名词＋before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词＋ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。
He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.
Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.
④在hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner...than...句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。
We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.
＝No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
*(2)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
After he (had) left the room, the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
教师提问：现在完成进行时的用法是？
现在完成进行时考点分析：
(1)由“have/has been+现在分词”构成，表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在的动作，并仍在进行。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
(2)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。
The children have been having a lot of fun. And now they are going home with joy.
(3)现在完成进行时有时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
I have been ringing you several times in two days.
12、教师提问：你能区分一般现在时和现在进行时、一般过去时和过去进行时、现在完成时和一般过去时、过去完成时和一般过去时、一般将来时和将来进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时吗？
高考常考的几种易混时态的辨析：
一般现在时与现在进行时
(1)一般现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性动作，常伴随使用usually, often, seldom等频度副词；现在进行时主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态，常跟now, at present等时间状语。
He usually writes a lot of letters, but he isn’t writing at present.
(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理时，要用一般现在时，不能用现在进行时。
The earth goes around the sun.
一般过去时与过去进行时
(1)一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。
I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我在看小说(可能没看完)。
I read a novel last night. 我昨晚看了一本小说(已经看完了)。
(2)一般过去时用于表示一个单纯动作，过去进行时用于表示过去一段时间反复做的动作。
Did he ask questions 他提问题了吗？
He was asking questions all the time. 他始终在提问题。
(3)一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实)，过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景)。
He drew a picture yesterday afternoon. (昨天下午他做了这么一件事)
He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon. (昨天下午他一直在画画，没干别的事)
现在完成时与一般过去时
(1)两者都表示发生在过去的动作。但现在完成时表示过去动作与现在的关系，主要说明现在的情况；一般过去时强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。例如：
They’ve gone to Paris. (说明他们现在去巴黎了，不在这里)
They went to Paris. (只说明去过，不表明是否现在仍在那里)
(2)现在完成时表示从过去发生到现在一段时间内的任何时间，可与so far, up to now, lately, ever since等表示包括现在一段时间的状语连用，但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用；一般过去时表示的是过去某一特定时间或与现在无关的某一过去时间。
I haven’t seen the film yet. (到目前为止)
I saw the film the day before yesterday. (表明看电影的时间是在前天)。
过去完成时与一般过去时
(1)一般过去时通常与具体过去时间状语连用；即使没有时间状语，根据具体的语言环境，我们也可以作出明确的判断。
(2)过去完成时是一种相对的时态，表示在过去某时刻之前发生。时间参照点与一般过去时不同，一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言，过去完成时则是与过去某一时刻而言的，即“过去的过去”。
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
5. 一般将来时与将来进行时
一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说，将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态；而将来进行时表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
She is sixteen, who will be seventeen next year.
What will you be doing at this time next Monday
6. 现在完成时和过去完成时
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基点，侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
比较：
I have learned 1000 English words so far.
I had learned 1000 English words till then.
7. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时
] (1)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如：
Have you been meeting her lately (经常相见)
Have you met her lately (不重复发生)
(2)现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感彩；而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感彩可言。如：
Recently Mary has been doing her homework regularly. (显然是在表扬玛丽)
Recently Mary has done her homework regularly. (只说明一个事实)
13、教师提问：你知道固定句型中的固定时态吗？
在某些固定句型里往往有固定的时态要求，请体会下列句子中时态的运用：
This/It is the first/second... time I have done sth.
.That/It was the first/second... time I had done sth.
It is two years since he went abroad.
.It was two years since he had gone abroad.
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang.
No sooner had I got home than the telephone rang.
It won’t be long before he comes back.
/It wasn’t long before he came back.
I didn’t manage to understand it until he had explained it again.
祈使句＋and(or/or else/otherwise)＋并列分句(并列分句中谓语动词多用一般将来时)
【查漏补缺】
1. For example, in 1998, Disney produced a film named Mulan, which __________ (consider) a great success by critics and the public.
2. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ___________ (bother) us.
3. The recent election _____________ (be) the only thing on the news for the last three days.
4. Then, with the taste of China in my mouth, I __________ (return) to Beijing as an exchange student in 2014.
5. Germs exist in water and often they __________ (find) in air and dust as well.
6. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs __________ (increase) sharply.
7. During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends __________________ (recommend).
Keys: 1. was considered 2. bothers 3. has been 4. returned 5. are found 6. has increased 7. had recommended
【梳理优化】
一、谓语动词时态结构表
时态 动词结构 （以do为例）
一般现在时 do/does
一般过去时 did
一般将来时 is/am/ are going to do; shall/will do; is/am/ are to do; is/am/ are about to do
过去将来时 was/were going to do; would do; was/were to do; was/were about to do
现在进行时 is/am/ are doing
过去进行时 was/were doing
将来进行时 shall/will be doing
现在完成时 have done
过去完成时 had done
现在完成进行时 have/has been doing
二、常考题型：语法填空
三、解题技巧
语法填空题中时态的解题技巧
1. 判断空格处所给单词是否是动词（一般是给出动词原形提示词的，且一般会考1题时态）；
2. 判断空格处是否填谓语动词（其他可能性：非谓语动词、词性转换）；
3. 若是填谓语动词，结合上下文提示和句意判断空格处所要填的时态；（注意考虑是否要用被动语态）
4. 如无需 使用被动语态，正确写出所需填写的时态的谓语动词结构（注意主谓一致问题，即谓语动词单复数问题）；
【强化巩固】
语法填空
It was getting dark 1________ I got home. It was cold and I 2 _____________ (wear) a coat. I 3____________ (walk) up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out my key but I couldn’t find it. I suddenly remembered that I 4__________(leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn’t make any difference. I knew my wife 5 ________(be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I 6________(knock) at the door.
There was no answer, so I knocked again. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I 7____________(get) angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my wife 8________ (phone) saying that she 9_____________(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children.
There was only one thing for me to do: I had to clime in 10___________ a window.
Keys: 1. when 2. was wearing 3. walked 4. had left 5. was 6. knocked
7. was getting 8. had phoned 9. would go 10. through
【课后练习】
一、单句语法填空
1. In recent years the Saturday before Christmas __________ (see) the biggest shopping crowds.
2. Awakening of Insects (惊蛰) __________ (fall) on Mar 6 and ends on Mar 20 this year.
3. Elias was grateful for his help and later he joined in the ANC Youth League which ____________ (organize) by Mandela and fought for the equal rights of black people.
4. In the year of 1952, he met Mandela who worked as a lawyer and ____________(offer) legal guidance to poor black people.
5. The fires ___________ (spread) rapidly during a baking heat wave since mid-August.
Keys: 1. has seen 2. falls 3. was organized 4. offered 5. have spread/have been spreading
二、语法填空
After David’s daughter was born, he decided to make one million dollars. He thought in this way his daughter 1_______________ (live) a happy life.
In order to achieve his goal, David 2____________ (devote) most of his time to his business. While other fathers 3______________ (play) with their kids outside, he was working. While other fathers were reading stories to their kids, he was hanging out with his clients (客户). His little daughter 4______________ (name) Jane hardly saw him.
Time flew fast. One day, when David returned home from work, he saw Jane sitting 5______ the living room. When she saw him, she ran to him and asked him to play with her for a while. “Sorry, Jane, but I 6____________ (be) terribly busy tonight. I have a lot of work to do.” He was about to leave 7. ___________ he heard Jane crying. So he stopped and asked why. “You’re always working. You have no time for me at all. You’re not a good dad,” said Jane. David was 8_________ (lose) in thought after hearing that. He remembered why he worked so hard— he wanted Jane to live a happy life. However, things go contrary to his wishes. He 9___________
(teach) a good lesson that day. Therefore, he made a 10_____________ (decide) to spend a lot more time with his daughter.
Keys: 1. would live 2. devoted 3. were playing 4. named 5. in 6. am
7. when 8. lost 9. was taught 10. decision
三、阅读理解
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
1. What do solar developers often ignore
A. The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B. The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D. The most recent advances in solar technology.
2. What does InSPIRE aim to do
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
3. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To conserve pollinators. B. To restrict solar development.
C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development
Keys: 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D
一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。
四、七选五
How to Avoid the Worst Cold-Weather Packing Mistakes
Yes, you can definitely blame winter clothes for your overstuffed(塞得过满的)suitcase. After all, warm clothing takes up a lot more room than summer T-shirts and shorts. To make matters worse, you’ve got to pack for overheated restaurants and freezing outdoor conditions. ____1____. Here are some winter-packing mistakes we learned the hard way, and tips you need.
____2____
Your shoes face a big challenge in the winter. They need to be: insulated, waterproof, and warm; provide great traction in case of ice; be able to withstand salt; and be comfortable to walk in. So, your sneakers aren't going to cut it. Just remember to wear your heavier snow boots on the plane; otherwise, they'll take up half your suitcase space.
Packing the wrong materials
____3____. It absorbs moisture and sweat, which will make you cold and keep you freezing. You can replace cotton with wool, as wool is naturally odor-resistant and breathable.
Leaving behind sunglasses
Since you're not headed to the beach, you might forget to pack your sunglasses. The sun can shine brightly on freezing days too tough, so be able to pack yours. ____4____.
Not bringing medicine
Cold and flu cases rise during the winter, and while you definitely don't plan on getting sick while traveling, you should be prepared in case it does happen. Make sure you've packed medication for upset stomach, fever relief, body aches, and congestion, ____5____. Just get travel-sized versions of you go-to drugs.
A. But we're here to help
B. Choosing the right shoes
C. Wearing the wrong shoes
D. Cotton is a terrible choice for the winter
E. Better be a pair which is easy to pack and hard to break
F. You don't have to travel with the whole medicine chest though
G. Also throw some sunscreen in there as you can get sunburned in winter
Keys: 说明文。介绍了在冬季外出时，行李打包过程中的一些错误做法和建议。
1.A 上句提到冬季外出衣服打包遭遇的问题，下文提到在冬季打包过程中总结出的一些错误做法和建议。A. But we're here to help（但我们可以帮助你）承上启下，故选A。
2. C本段主要介绍鞋打包的错误做法和建议，根据Just remember to wear your heavier snow boots on the plane; otherwise, they'll take up half your suitcase space.可知要把厚重的鞋穿上而不是打包，所以C. Wearing the wrong shoes（穿错鞋）与本段内容相符，是鞋打包的错误做法。故选C。
3.D 本段介绍的是材料打包错误，根据It absorbs moisture and sweat, which will make you cold and keep you freezing. You can replace cotton with wool,可知棉花材料的缺点吸水份吸汗，不保暖。建议我们用羊毛代替棉制品。D. Cotton is a terrible choice for the winter（棉花是冬天糟糕的选择）符合本段内容，与下句衔接，故选D。
4.E 本段提到的错误做法是把太阳镜留在家里，根据The sun can shine brightly on freezing days too tough, so be able to pack yours.可知建议带上太阳镜，E. Better be a pair which is easy to pack and hard to break（最好是打包一副容易打包且不易碎的眼镜）是对打包的太阳镜的具体建议，故选E。
5.F 本段提到的错误做法是不带药，下文是需要带药的原因和具体做法。根据空后Just get travel-sized versions of you go-to drugs.可知去药店买一个旅行便携装就行，F. （你不必带着整个药箱旅行）与下句衔接，故选F。高中英语 高考冲刺语法专题4：谓语动词时态
【问题查找】
单句语法填空
While online shopping ___________(change) our life，not all of its effects have been positive.
The twins, Who (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
The real reason why prices (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
While we _________________ (wait) for the bus, a girl ran up to us.
Marty (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.
I’m afraid I won’t be available. I ____________________(see) a friend off at 5 o’clock this afternoon.
The guests _________________ (leave) by train tonight.
She said she ________________ (come) to take her laptop the next day.
The GPNP ___________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
10. You can’t help wondering how hard it ______________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place in the past.
11. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___________ (carry) special significance.
12. Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it _____________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ______________ (construct)＂
13. The unmanned Chan g’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ______________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
14. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut __________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.
15. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six __________ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
16. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene __________(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
17. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __________ (make) over
the years.
18. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
19. On the last day of our week-long stay, we __________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.
20. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it __________ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
【要点精讲】
学习目标：
1. 掌握高考需要掌握的10种谓语动词时态的基本结构和用法
2. 掌握高考常考的几种易混时态的辨析
3. 掌握常见的固定句式的固定时态用法
步骤一：阅读下列各句， 结合谓语动词的形式说出各个句子中谓语动词的时态及相应用法。
1. I get up at 7: 00 every morning.
2. The sun rises in the east.
3. Practice makes perfect.
4. We often played together when we were children.
5. They’re having a meeting now.
6. I’m studying at an evening school.
7. She’s always helping others.
8. She was watching TV at home at that time.
9. I will be having a meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
10. I knew you would agree.
11. I have seen the film already.
12. She has been a dancer for ten years.
13. When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
14. When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.
15. The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
16. He will come if you invite him.
17. The plane takes off at 11: 30.
18. Mike is coming home on Thursday.
19. What are you going to do tomorrow
20. Look at the clouds; it’s going to rain.
21. They are to be married in June.
22. He is about to set off for Beijing.
归纳总结：
时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式, 表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。高考考试说明中规定要掌握的有10种时态。
步骤二：一般现在时考点分析
(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。
Time and tide wait for no man.
(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
They always care for each other and help each other.
(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.
(5)少数用于表示起止或转移的动词如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
步骤三：一般过去时考点分析
(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯。
We met her in the street yesterday.
When he was young, he took cold baths regularly.
(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。
He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute等。
He bought a watch but lost it.
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
步骤四：一般将来时考点分析
(1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用will/shall+动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow; next week等。
We will have a meeting tomorrow.
(2)表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
We’ll die without air or water.
*(3) be going to do, will/shall do, be to do, be about to do的用法及区别：
①be going to do表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。另外，be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。
If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.[√]
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.[×]
②be to do表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3: 00 o’clock this afternoon.
③be about to do表示“即将, 正要”, 后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
步骤五：过去将来时考点分析
(1)过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。
He always said that he would study hard at that time.
(2)过去将来时可由“would＋动词原形; was/were going to+动词原形; as/were to+动词原形; was/were about to+动词原形 ”四种结构构成，用法基本与一般将来时一致。
She said that she wouldn’t do that again.
I thought it was going to rain.
She said she was to get married next month.
I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.
步骤六：现在进行时考点分析
(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；
(2)表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时正在进行的动作；
(3)表近期特定的安排或计划；
(4)go, come等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；
(5)与always, often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感彩。
She is teaching English and learning Chinese.
He is working on a paper.
I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight.
We are leaving on Friday.
The girl is always talking loud in public.
(6)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。
①表示心理状态、情感的动词：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need等
②表存在状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to等
③表示行为结果的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete等
④表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look等
步骤七：过去进行时考点分析
(1)过去进行时的构成为was/were＋doing, 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.
(2)表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave, start, arrive, go, come等。
I was coming to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.
步骤八：将来进行时考点分析
(1)表示将来某个时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作。其构成为：will/shall be doing
将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow, from 1:30 to 4:30 the day after tomorrow 等。
I’ll be talking with the professor at this time tomorrow.
步骤十：现在完成时考点分析
(1)由“have/has＋过去分词”构成，表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，但现在已经完成，且结果仍对现在有影响。
The car has arrived. We can go now.
(2)表示一个动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。
I have learned English for 10 years.
(3)现在完成时除可以和for, since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past) few years(months, weeks), in recent years, so far, up to now等。
(4)下列句型中常用现在完成时。
It is (has been)+一段时间+since从句
This (That / It) is the first (second...) time that+现在完成时
This (That / It) is the best / finest / most interesting...+that+现在完成时
(5)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
步骤十一：过去完成时考点分析
(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况：
①在by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。
By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
The train had left before we reached the station.
②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended / thought / wanted / expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式。
I had hoped to come to help you. Something happened to me. That’s why I didn’t come.
③“时间名词＋before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词＋ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。
He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.
Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.
④在hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner...than...句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。
We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.
＝No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
*(2)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
After he (had) left the room, the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
步骤十二：现在完成进行时考点分析
(1)由“have/has been+现在分词”构成，表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在的动作，并仍在进行。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
(2)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。
The children have been having a lot of fun. And now they are going home with joy.
(3)现在完成进行时有时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
I have been ringing you several times in two days.
步骤十三：高考常考的几种易混时态的辨析
一般现在时与现在进行时
(1)一般现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性动作，常伴随使用usually, often, seldom等频度副词；现在进行时主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态，常跟now, at present等时间状语。
He usually writes a lot of letters, but he isn’t writing at present.
(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理时，要用一般现在时，不能用现在进行时。
The earth goes around the sun.
一般过去时与过去进行时
(1)一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。
I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我在看小说(可能没看完)。
I read a novel last night. 我昨晚看了一本小说(已经看完了)。
(2)一般过去时用于表示一个单纯动作，过去进行时用于表示过去一段时间反复做的动作。
Did he ask questions 他提问题了吗？
He was asking questions all the time. 他始终在提问题。
(3)一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实)，过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景)。
He drew a picture yesterday afternoon. (昨天下午他做了这么一件事)
He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon. (昨天下午他一直在画画，没干别的事)
现在完成时与一般过去时
(1)两者都表示发生在过去的动作。但现在完成时表示过去动作与现在的关系，主要说明现在的情况；一般过去时强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。例如：
They’ve gone to Paris. (说明他们现在去巴黎了，不在这里)
They went to Paris. (只说明去过，不表明是否现在仍在那里)
(2)现在完成时表示从过去发生到现在一段时间内的任何时间，可与so far, up to now, lately, ever since等表示包括现在一段时间的状语连用，但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用；一般过去时表示的是过去某一特定时间或与现在无关的某一过去时间。
I haven’t seen the film yet. (到目前为止)
I saw the film the day before yesterday. (表明看电影的时间是在前天)。
过去完成时与一般过去时
(1)一般过去时通常与具体过去时间状语连用；即使没有时间状语，根据具体的语言环境，我们也可以作出明确的判断。
(2)过去完成时是一种相对的时态，表示在过去某时刻之前发生。时间参照点与一般过去时不同，一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言，过去完成时则是与过去某一时刻而言的，即“过去的过去”。
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
5. 一般将来时与将来进行时
一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说，将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态；而将来进行时表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
She is sixteen, who will be seventeen next year.
What will you be doing at this time next Monday
6. 现在完成时和过去完成时
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基点，侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
比较：
I have learned 1000 English words so far.
I had learned 1000 English words till then.
7. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时
(1)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如：
Have you been meeting her lately (经常相见)
Have you met her lately (不重复发生)
(2)现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感彩；而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感彩可言。如：
Recently Mary has been doing her homework regularly. (显然是在表扬玛丽)
Recently Mary has done her homework regularly. (只说明一个事实)
步骤十四：固定句型中的固定时态
在某些固定句型里往往有固定的时态要求，请体会下列句子中时态的运用：
This/It is the first/second... time I have done sth.
.That/It was the first/second... time I had done sth.
It is two years since he went abroad.
.It was two years since he had gone abroad.
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang.
No sooner had I got home than the telephone rang.
It won’t be long before he comes back.
/It wasn’t long before he came back.
I didn’t manage to understand it until he had explained it again.
祈使句＋and(or/or else/otherwise)＋并列分句(并列分句中谓语动词多用一般将来时)
【查漏补缺】
1. For example, in 1998, Disney produced a film named Mulan, which __________ (consider) a great success by critics and the public.
2. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ___________ (bother) us.
3. The recent election _____________ (be) the only thing on the news for the last three days.
4. Then, with the taste of China in my mouth, I __________ (return) to Beijing as an exchange student in 2014.
5. Germs exist in water and often they __________ (find) in air and dust as well.
6. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs __________ (increase) sharply.
7. During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends __________________ (recommend).
Keys: 1. was considered 2. bothers 3. has been 4. returned 5. are found 6. has increased 7. had recommended
【梳理优化】
一、谓语动词时态结构表
时态 动词结构 （以do为例）
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
将来进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
现在完成进行时
二、常考题型：语法填空
三、解题技巧
语法填空题中时态的解题技巧
1. 判断空格处所给单词是否是动词（一般是给出动词原形提示词的，且一般会考1题时态）；
2. 判断空格处是否填谓语动词（其他可能性：非谓语动词、词性转换）；
3. 若是填谓语动词，结合上下文提示和句意判断空格处所要填的时态；（注意考虑是否要用被动语态）
4. 如无需 使用被动语态，正确写出所需填写的时态的谓语动词结构（注意主谓一致问题，即谓语动词单复数问题）；
【强化巩固】
语法填空
It was getting dark 1________ I got home. It was cold and I 2 _____________ (wear) a coat. I 3____________ (walk) up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out my key but I couldn’t find it. I suddenly remembered that I 4__________(leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn’t make any difference. I knew my wife 5 ________(be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I 6________(knock) at the door.
There was no answer, so I knocked again. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I 7____________(get) angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my wife 8________ (phone) saying that she 9_____________(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children.
There was only one thing for me to do: I had to clime in 10___________ a window.
【课后练习】
一、单句语法填空
1. In recent years the Saturday before Christmas __________ (see) the biggest shopping crowds.
2. Awakening of Insects (惊蛰) __________ (fall) on Mar 6 and ends on Mar 20 this year.
3. Elias was grateful for his help and later he joined in the ANC Youth League which ____________ (organize) by Mandela and fought for the equal rights of black people.
4. In the year of 1952, he met Mandela who worked as a lawyer and ____________(offer) legal guidance to poor black people.
5. The fires ___________ (spread) rapidly during a baking heat wave since mid-August.
二、语法填空
After David’s daughter was born, he decided to make one million dollars. He thought in this way his daughter 1_______________ (live) a happy life.
In order to achieve his goal, David 2____________ (devote) most of his time to his business. While other fathers 3______________ (play) with their kids outside, he was working. While other fathers were reading stories to their kids, he was hanging out with his clients (客户). His little daughter 4______________ (name) Jane hardly saw him.
Time flew fast. One day, when David returned home from work, he saw Jane sitting 5______ the living room. When she saw him, she ran to him and asked him to play with her for a while. “Sorry, Jane, but I 6____________ (be) terribly busy tonight. I have a lot of work to do.” He was about to leave 7. ___________ he heard Jane crying. So he stopped and asked why. “You’re always working. You have no time for me at all. You’re not a good dad,” said Jane. David was 8_________ (lose) in thought after hearing that. He remembered why he worked so hard— he wanted Jane to live a happy life. However, things go contrary to his wishes. He 9___________
(teach) a good lesson that day. Therefore, he made a 10_____________ (decide) to spend a lot more time with his daughter.
三、阅读理解
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
1. What do solar developers often ignore
A. The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B. The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D. The most recent advances in solar technology.
2. What does InSPIRE aim to do
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
3. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To conserve pollinators. B. To restrict solar development.
C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development
四、七选五
How to Avoid the Worst Cold-Weather Packing Mistakes
Yes, you can definitely blame winter clothes for your overstuffed(塞得过满的)suitcase. After all, warm clothing takes up a lot more room than summer T-shirts and shorts. To make matters worse, you’ve got to pack for overheated restaurants and freezing outdoor conditions. ____1____. Here are some winter-packing mistakes we learned the hard way, and tips you need.
____2____
Your shoes face a big challenge in the winter. They need to be: insulated, waterproof, and warm; provide great traction in case of ice; be able to withstand salt; and be comfortable to walk in. So, your sneakers aren't going to cut it. Just remember to wear your heavier snow boots on the plane; otherwise, they'll take up half your suitcase space.
Packing the wrong materials
____3____. It absorbs moisture and sweat, which will make you cold and keep you freezing. You can replace cotton with wool, as wool is naturally odor-resistant and breathable.
Leaving behind sunglasses
Since you're not headed to the beach, you might forget to pack your sunglasses. The sun can shine brightly on freezing days too tough, so be able to pack yours. ____4____.
Not bringing medicine
Cold and flu cases rise during the winter, and while you definitely don't plan on getting sick while traveling, you should be prepared in case it does happen. Make sure you've packed medication for upset stomach, fever relief, body aches, and congestion, ____5____. Just get travel-sized versions of you go-to drugs.
A. But we're here to help
B. Choosing the right shoes
C. Wearing the wrong shoes
D. Cotton is a terrible choice for the winter
E. Better be a pair which is easy to pack and hard to break
F. You don't have to travel with the whole medicine chest though
G. Also throw some sunscreen in there as you can get sunburned in winter
