高中英语 高考冲刺语法专题7：非谓语动词-过去分词
【问题查找】
单句语法填空。
1. I like reading the novels ________ (write) by Zhang Ailing.
2. The girl ______ (write) a letter in the study is my cousin.
3. There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _______ (repair).
4. I want the doors of my new house ______ (paint) white.
5. There was a ________ (surprise) look on his face.
6. He was ______ (excite) at the good news.
7. The story was so ______ (move) that he was ______ (move) to tears.
8. If you want the work _________(do) immediately, you have to give us some money in advance.
Keys:
1. written 2. writing 3. repaired 4. painted 5. surprised 6. excited 7. moving; moved 8. done
【要点精讲】
学习目标：
学生能识别谓语动词与非谓语动词的用法，掌握过去分词的定义和作用，区分动词-ing。
2. 学生能够灵活运过去分词在语法填空与书面表达。
目标分解：
(1) 掌握过去分词的定义与作用；
(3) 辨析过去分词与动词-ing的应用；
(4) 掌握过去分词在语法填空与短文填空中的考点应用。
教学过程：激发动机、激发已有知识、解决问题、内化过程、总结优化
一、用合适的活动激发学生动机。（需要老师进行个性化设计）
外部动机：选择合适的方法激发学习动机
内部动机：好激发
激发已有知识
教师提问：过去分词的形式是怎么样的？
过去分词的规则构成
规则 举例
一般情况下，在动词后加-ed work→worked listen→listened
在以- e结尾的动词后只加-d close→closed like→liked
在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed study→studied carry→carried
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed stop→stopped drop→dropped
注：过去分词除了规则变化，还有不规则变化，详细请根据不规则动词变换表进行记忆。
解决学习问题：目标对应的活动（目标的问题化分解）：
考点一 过去分词的定义和作用
教师提问：现在分词有四种形式，过去分词有多少种？怎么用？
观察下列文段，引导学生思考并回答问题。
阅读下面短文，注意划线部分：
Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012. Hearing the news, Mo was very pleased. The news also made all Chinese excited.
Mo Yan is the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel Literature Prize. Readers attracted by his works are from all over the world. His best-known novel is Red Sorghum (《红高粱》), which was made into a film by Zhang Yimou.
想一想： 划线部分在句子中分别充当什么成分？
过去分词具有形容词的特点，在句子中可以充当：定语，表语，宾语补足语。
一、定义：过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。
过去分词的作用
▲ 过去分词作表语
1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。Eg. The cup is broken.
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。 Eg. He is retired.
3. 有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。
Eg. The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.
【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。
(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. （被动语态，表示动作）
(2) The library is now closed. （过去分词作表语）
The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. （过去分词作表语）
【注意】
① 过去分词表示被动或完成， 动词-ing 形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人，用 动词-ing 形式来修饰物。
② 过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态且该状语通常是由外界因素引起的，这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。
例： I'm interested in reading novels, written by Jin Yong.
※常见的还有: be surprised, be astonished, be amazed, be moved, be exhausted, be worried, be devoted, be pleased, be inspired, be encouraged, be excited, be delighted, be satisfied, be scared, be frightened, be disappointed
▲ 过去分词作定语
过分做定语，表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系。（及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。）
The broken window (=The window which was broken) will be replaced soon.
The books bought yesterday (=which were bought yesterday) are of high quality.
过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句。
【点拨】过去分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种"动宾关系"，即"被动态"。过去分词作定语，主要说明" 一个已完成的动作"或是"一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作" 。
单个过去分词作定语，分词一般说来写在被修饰的名词、代词之前；分词短语作定语时，分词放在被修饰词之后。
表示情绪的过去分词作定语：
--His face wore a puzzled expression.他脸上有一种困惑的表情
--We can hear his excited voice.我们可以听到他激动的声音
--The frightened girl sat in the corner quietly. 那位吓得惊慌的姑娘一声不响地坐在角落里。
--Tom gave a satisfied smile.汤姆满意地笑了笑
--There is a worried boy in the corner of the street.在街道拐角有一个焦急的男孩
【举一反三】
amaze, embarrass, interest, excite, disappoint, encourage, move, surprise, astonish, delight, frighten, inspire, please, puzzle, terrify, shock, satisfy, worry, confuse, amuse, tire等。这些动词构成的过去分词实际上已经成了形容词，它们常常用来修饰人。
其它常见的过去分词作定语：
guided missile导弹 armed forces武装力量 cooked food熟食 boiled water开水
frozen food冷冻食品 canned food罐头食品 fried eggs煎鸡蛋 smoked fish 熏鱼
finished products成品 dried fruit果干 required courses必修课 printed matter印刷品
written English书面英语 mixed feelings混杂情绪
(3) 表示完成的过去分词作定语：
faded flowers萎谢的花 fallen leaves落叶 escaped prisoners逃犯 deceased wife亡妻
departed friends离去的朋友 a retired professor退休的教授
new arrived visitors新到的客人 a dated map过时的地图
(4) 过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰词之后，作用相当于一个定语从句：
They reduced the number of animals used in experiments. 他们减少了用于试验的动物数量.
What’s the language spoken in that country 那个国家讲的是什么语言？
Is there anything planned for tonight 今晚有什么活动吗？
They are problems left over by history 他们是历史遗留下来的问题
Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green. 突然出现一个穿绿衣服的青年女子
【例题分析】
I felt hopeless and alone, and more ________ (depress) than I knew was possible.
分析：depressed 句意：我感到绝望、孤独及前所未有过的沮丧。设空处作felt的表语，主语为表示人的词，故填depressed。
With a ________ (puzzle) look on my face, I pointed to myself and said.“Me？”
分析：puzzled 句意：脸上带着疑惑的表情，我指着自己说：“我吗？”a puzzled look疑惑的表情；a puzzling look令人疑惑的表情。
3. If there is no aim in our lives, we will get ________ (lose).
分析： lost get这里起一个系动词的作用，相当于become，后接过去分词，表状态，get lost意为“失踪的，迷路的”
4. To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study ________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.
分析：conducted 这里用过去分词表示被动和完成，充当定语修饰前面的名词a study。
▲ 过去分词作状语
过去分词(短语)作状语可以表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，它的逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。
1. 作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。（when, while, since, as, once....）
Once published, the dictionary will be very popular. (Once published＝Once it is published)
一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。
2. 作原因状语, 相当于一个原因状语从句。(because, since, as, for...)
Lost in thought, I didn't notice what was happening outside. (Lost in thought＝Because I was lost in thought) 由于陷入沉思，我没注意到外面发生了什么事情。
3. 作条件状语, 相当于一个条件状语从句。(if,unless...)
Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. (Given another hour＝If I am given another hour) 如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题算出来。
4. 作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。(though, although, even if, even though )
Beaten by the opposite team, we didn't lose heart and encouraged each other. (Beaten by the opposite team＝Though we were beaten by the opposite team)
虽然被对方的队打败了，但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。
5. 作方式状语，可以转换成一个并列句。
The old man got on the bus, supported by a girl. (supported by a girl＝and was supported by a girl) 在一位姑娘的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。
过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when, though, although, as though, if, unless, until, once等，表时间、让步、条件、方式等。
If (I am) invite, I will attend the wedding of my friend.
如果受到邀请，我会参加我朋友的婚礼。
过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；
动词-ing与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。
Asked why he was late, he cried. 被问到他为什么迟到时，他哭了。
Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there.
朝窗外望去，看见学生在那边玩。
过去分词(短语)作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。判断以下句子正午：
If caught, the police will punished the thief. （ ）
If caught, the thief will be punished by the police. （ ）
▲ 过去分词作宾语补足语
一、接过去分词（短语）做宾语补足语的四类动词及特殊结构
1. 感官动词：feel, see, hear, watch, smell, taste, notice, observe, find 等+ sth./sb. +done。如：
I found all the windows broken.
2. 表示“希望；要求”等意义的动词：want, should like, would like/love, wish, order等 + sb./ sth. + done。如：
The police, finding the firm unhealthy, ordered it banned.
3. 使役动词：make, get, have,等+ sth./sb. + done。:如：
I had my tap repaired. (=I asked someone to repair the tap.)
注意：have/get sth. done 结构的三种不同的含义:
(1)“请/让/叫别人(为自己做某事)”，强调主语的意志。
(2)“受到；遭受”,表示一种经历。
eg.She had her house damaged in the storm.(=Something bad had happened to her house.)
(3)“使完成某事”,此事可以是别人完成的也可以是自己参与的。如:
She told me she had had her house repaired. (=She told me her house was repaired.)
4. 保持某种状态的动词：keep, leave等+ sth./sb. + done。如：
Please keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
5. 特殊结构:with /without + 名词/代词 + done 结构,分词done 做名词/代词的宾语补足语.如:
Do you know the girl with her hair tied back
They left without a plate untouched.
补充：
“with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构
“with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：
(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）
(2) With water heated, we can see the steam.
水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）
(3) With the matter settled, we all went home.
事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）
(4) She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.
她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。
(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.
他仍然举着手站了一会儿。
【例题分析】
When ________ (ask) if she ever gets tired of green, Elizabeth Sweetheart said, “Oh no, never. It keeps getting better every day.”
分析：asked 句意：当被问及她是否讨厌绿色时，Elizabeth Sweetheart说：“噢，不讨厌，永远不会。它每天都变得越来越美好。”主语与ask之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且设空处表示已经完成，故填asked。
In addition, ________ (attract) by interesting topics, you are free to get involved in the weekly discussion.
分析：attracted 句意：此外，由于被有趣的话题所吸引，你可以自由地参与这项每周一次的讨论。本句考查非谓语动词作状语。attract与逻辑主语you之间为被动关系。
________ (dress) in black, he was playing with a smart-phone while eating.
分析：Dressed 句意：穿着一身黑衣服，他边吃边玩智能手机. 本句考查非谓语动词作状语。主语he与dress(给……穿衣服)为逻辑上的被动关系，且dressed表示状态。
Clearly and thoughtfully ________ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.x
【答案】written
【解析】句意：由于表达清楚，思想有深度，这本书激起了那些想寻求他们自己答案的学生的自信心。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。因为主语the book和write之间是逻辑上的被动关系且表示完成，所以用过去分词作状语
When I opened the door, I found the ground ________ (cover) fallen leaves.
covered
教师提问：现在知道过去分词的用法了吧？与动词-ing的用法有何不同？
考点二 过去分词与动词-ing的辨析
1、过去分词和动词-ing作表语的辨析
与感觉有关的动词的现在分词（-ing）和过去分词（-ed）的区别：
与感觉有关的及物动词的意思都是“使人......”，
现在分词表示主动意义，即 “令人有某种感觉的”，形容“物”；
过去分词表示被动意义，即指人“内在的感觉”，形容“人” 如：
interest 意思是“使（某人）感兴趣”；
interesting 意思为“令人感兴趣的，有趣的”，表示事物的性质；
interested 表示“感兴趣的”，表示人内心的感觉。
例如：
His novels will interest everyone who reads them. (interest 动词，使......感兴趣)
他的小说会使每位读者感兴趣。
His novels are interesting. (interesting 现在分词，有主动意义，指主语的性质)
他的小说很有趣。
Everyone will be interested in his novels. (interested 过去分词，有被动意义，指人的感觉)
每个人都会对他的小说感兴趣。
2、过去分词和动词-ing作定语的辨析
过去分词表“被动”，“完成”的含义；
动词-ing表“主动或进行”。
The piano used at the concert is made in France. 音乐会上用的那架钢琴是法国制造的。
The girl playing the piano at the concert is Mary. 在音乐会上弹钢琴的那个女孩是玛丽。
3、过去分词和动词-ing作状语的辨析
(1)v. ing形式：现在分词作状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，且含有进行之意。
Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
已经忙活了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。
Having been laughed at for his mistakes, the boy was ashamed and embarrassed.
那男孩因犯错而被嘲笑，因此又羞愧又尴尬。(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前)
(2)v. ed形式：过去分词作状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且含有完成之意。
Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
由于在这部新电影中担任重要角色，安迪有了出名的机会。
Given more attention, the children could have grown better.
给予更多的关注，孩子们本来能够成长得更好。
(3)源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系，其前不用being，常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、devoted(专注的)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。
Absorbed in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room.
他专注于读书，没注意到我进入房间。
知识补充：过去分词与现在分词完成式做状语的区别
Permitted, he would have succeeded in doing that.
讨论：此句为什么不用having been permitted
本句的句意是“如果当时他被允许（做这件事）的话，他本会成功的”
【注意】：过去分词做状语可以表示条件，与if + done可以互换。
而现在分词中的完成被动式不可以，它只可以表示完成被动，而且只有非谓语与谓语是很鲜明的先后关系时才可以用。
如：Having been finished, his homework was sent to his teacher to be corrected.
如果非谓语与谓语是一般的先后关系的话，直接用过去分词即可。
如：Guided by the guide, he found the place easily.
Scolded by the teacher, he felt very depressed.
4、过去分词和动词-ing作宾语补足语的区别
1. 及物动词的过去分词做宾语补足语时表被动；动词-ing则表示主动。如：
We have our classroom cleaned after school every day.
The teacher had Tom cleaning the classroom today.
不及物动词的过去分词做宾补时，表示动作的完成，分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前；动词-ing作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行。如
When I got home, I found my wallet gone. (gone”丢”的动作已经完成)
When I came here ,I saw Li Lei reading an English book.
教师提问：现在已经学会如何区分过去分词与动词-ing了吗？我们一起看一下如何在题目中区分它们。
考点三、过去分词与动词-ing的解题
在熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。
一、分析句子结构
1. ________many times, but he still couldn't understand it.
2. ________many times, he still couldn't understand it.
A. Having been told B. Told
C. He was told D. Though he had been told
________to the left, you'll find the post office.
4. If you ________to the left, you'll find the post office.
5. ________to the left, and you'll find the post office.
A. Turning B. To turn
C. Turn D. Turned
分析：
句1. 用连词but 引导并列句子，因此，前面也是个独立句子成分，故选C。
句2. 句中用逗号隔开，且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构，只是句子的一个成分，故选A，用非谓语动词作状语。
句3. 同句2，选A 。
句4. 前面用if 引导从句，故选C ，构成从句谓语。
句5. 同句1，选C。
分析逻辑主语
确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。
1. ________no buses, we have to walk home.
2. ______Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home.
A. There being B. It were
C. There were D. It being
分析：句1. 表示"没有公共汽车"，应用"there be"结构，即逻辑主语是"there"，故选A 。
句2. 同理选D。
分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。
1. ______from space , the earth looks blue .
2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .
A. Seen B. Seeing
C. To see D. See
这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语, 因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
分析：句1. "地球"被"看起来"，表被动，故选A，用过去分词表被动。
句2. 我们"主动看......"即表主动，故选B。
3. The dirty clothes ______ , the girl hung them up outside .
4. ______ the dirty clothes, the girl hung them up outside.
A. was washed B. washed
C. were washed D. having washed
分析：句3. 前面应用非谓语动词作句子的状语，逻辑主语是"the dirty clothes"，和动词搭配表示"衣服被洗"，故选B。
句4. 逻辑主语为句子的主语"the girl"，表示"女孩洗衣服"，为主动关系，故选D。
分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。
1. The building ______now will be a restaurant .
2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant .
3. The building ______last year is a restaurant.
A. having been built B.to be built
C. being built D. built
句1中 now 说明大楼正在被修，故用进行式，选C。
句2中next year 说明大楼将在明年被修，故用表将来的不定式，选B。
句3中 last year 说明大楼已被修，但不能选，因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语，故用过去分词，选D。
又如：
1. He stood there ______for his mother.
2. ______for two hours, he went away.
A. waiting B. to wait
C. waited D. Having waited
句1表示"站在那等"，两个动词同时发生，故选A作伴随状语。
句2表示已经等了两个小时，发生在谓语动词"went away "之前，故用完成式，选D 。
需要注意的是，非谓语动词的否定也是常考的项目，要认清否定形式，非谓语动词的否定都应将not 放在前面。如：
3. What is the reason for ______there
A. not your going B. not your go
C. your not going D. you not to go
答案 C
【查漏补缺】
单句语法填空。
1. (follow) the old man, we went upstairs.
2. (follow) by the old man, we went upstairs.
3. (see) from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.
4. (see) from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.
5. (use) for a long time, the book looks old.
6. (use) the book, I find it useful.
7. ___________(frighten) by noises in the night, the girl no longer dare to sleep in her room.
8. The lady returned home, __________ (follow) by two policemen.
9. If __________(trap) in a burning building, you should send for help.
10. Although ______(shoot) in the leg, he continued firing at the police.
11. __________(adapt) from J. K. Rowling’s book series of the same title, the Harry Potter movies are universally acknowledged as classics.
Keys: 1. Following 2. Followed 3. Seen 4. Seeing 5. used 6. using 7.Frightened
8. followed 9. trapped 10.shot 11. Adapted
【梳理优化】
一、常考题型：
1. 语法填空题 2. 书面表达
二、解题技巧
语法填空题中过去分词的解题技巧
分析句子结构，辨析谓语和非谓语。
技巧：一看是否有逗号（，），二看是否有谓语，三看是否有连词。要牢记英语中逗号不连接两个句子，一个句子没有连词只能有一个谓语。
可以利用动词形式判断谓语与非谓语(以do为例)：
谓语动词的形式 非谓语动词的形式
do/ does; is/ am/ are
did; was/ were
be doing doing
have/ has done done
will do to do
情态动词+do
2、找逻辑主语，判断主被动关系，分析语态。
方法一：找非谓语动词的逻辑主语，并判断是主谓关系还是动宾关系，一般主谓关系用doing或to do，动宾关系用done。
方法二：根据非谓语动词的词性（及物动词、不及物动词和接双宾语动词），结合其后是否带宾语，来判断用主动还是被动。
牢记：
不及物动词用主动（不及物动词的被动形式作定语表示完成）；
及物动词带了宾语用主动，没有带宾语用被动；
接双宾语动词带两个宾语用主动，一般情况没有带或带一个宾语用被动。
3、看时间词，分析时态。
【强化巩固】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
Freud was one of the first scientists [1]_______ (make) serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities [2]________ (base) in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.
He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams [3]___________ (search) for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠). He wanted to see if [4]________ (put) patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease [5]________ (trouble) minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary.
Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved [6]________ (sit) with his patients and [7]________ (listen) to them talk. He had them [8]________ (talk) about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to [9]___________ (express). There could be no[10]________ (hold) back because of fear or guilt.
Keys: 1. to make 2. based 3. to search 4. putting 5. troubled
6. sitting 7. listening 8. talk 9. be expressed 10. holding
【课后练习】
一、单句语法填空
1. You cannot accept an opinion ________ (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
2. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ________ (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
3 When we saw the road ________ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
4. ________ (use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
5. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ________ (wash).
6. If (accept)for the job, you'll be informed soon.
7. (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
8. Back from his two－year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother
(take) good care of at home.
9. _________ (give) better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shinning brightly in the sky and _________ (give) them light.
10. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to get __________ (change) before the party.
Keys: 1. offered 2. telling 3. blocked 4. Used 5. washed
6. accepted 7. Raised 8. taken 9. Given; giving 10. changed
二、语法填空
Johann Strauss was 1 Austrian musician of light music, particularly dance music and operettas(轻歌剧). He was born in Vienna in 1825. Although his father didn’t want him 2 (become) a musician, Strauss studied the violin 3 (secret) when he was a child. When his father discovered his son was practicing on a violin one day, he gave him a beating, 4 (say) that he was going to beat the music out of the boy. But that didn’t prevent the boy from becoming one of the greatest 5 (composer) of all time. He wrote his first waltz at six. At the age of 19, he decided to devote himself to 6 (write) music. He formed his own orchestra and made a successful tour to Europe and soon became famous. The emperor of Austria was so 7 (please) with his music that he appointed him the conductor at the court balls of Vienna. It was for these occasions that he wrote some of his most popular waltzes, among 8 was the well-known favorite The Blue Danube. In all, the talented Johann Strauss wrote more than 500 masterpieces. In his lifetime, he was known 9 the Waltz King, and was largely responsible for the 10 (popular) of the waltz in Vienna during the 19th century.
Keys: 1. an；2. to become；3. secretly；4. saying；5. composer；
6. writing；7. pleased；8. which；9. as；10. popularity；
三、阅读理解
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
1. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry
A. Soil pollution. B. Lack of workers.
C. Aging machines. D. Low profitability.
2. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do
A. Monitor the quality of grass. B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Move cattle to another field. D. Predict weather changes.
3. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle
A. He wants to help them earn a living. B. He thinks men can do the job better.
C. He is inexperienced in using robots. D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.
4. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey
A. Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor.
C. Make the job more appealing. D. Keep cattle from being stolen.
Keys: 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D
说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.（澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化。几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临劳动力短缺的问题。）”可知，畜牧产业面临劳动力短缺的问题。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass.（通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草地的质量。）”可知，Sukkarieh的机器人可以监测草的质量。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.（但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作。多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝试——使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上。）”可知，皮特·邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好。故选B。
4. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft.（俄克拉荷马州养牛人协会副会长迈克尔·凯尔西·帕里斯说，鉴于人们对偷牛的担忧不断上升，机器人可能会非常有用。）”可知，机器人帮助照看牛，可以防止牛被偷。故选D。
四、七选五
Most of us don’t think twice about refilling our plastic water bottles. After all, there’s absolutely nothing harmful about a simple bottle of water, right
Wrong! ____1____ Why Plastic water bottles have Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical used to manufacture plastics. This harmful chemical can go into the water and quickly grow dangerous bacteria in the bottle’s cracks, and the health consequences are pretty serious.
We spoke to Kent Atherton, CEO of PuriBloc technology, about the risks of reusing plastics. “Even BPA free products are not safe because manufacturers are now using other estrogenic (雌激素类的) chemicals. ____2____” said Atherton.
These estrogenic chemicals can have a negative effect on human being’s hormonal balances. ____3____ In a study of 259 plastic water bottles at the State University of New York, scientists found that 93% of the surveyed bottles had some form of microplastic contamination (污染). Additionally, single-use plastic bottles are mostly made of polyethylene terephthalate, or PET, which is safe to use, but not reuse.
____4____ “The thing about water bottles is that they come into contact with our mouth and hands—which are home to a lot of bacteria,” says Professor Stephanie Liberatore in the academic journal The Science Teacher. “Their openings are small, which makes them difficult to clean. This, combined with their wet environment, can make water bottles a bacterial breeding ground.”
To drink water without harm, smart drinkers should avoid re-using disposable (一次性的) bottles. ____5____ Not only will doing so benefit your health, but you can help the environment, too.
A. There’s also the factor of bacteria to consider.
B. They may also cause the same danger to human health.
C. Instead, they should recycle them after drinking up once.
D. Plastic water bottle could actually do harm to your body.
E.Many people believe buying plastic water bottles is healthy.
F.These plastics can make chemicals go into your water if heated.
G.However, the potential dangers of plastic water bottles don’t stop there.
Keys: 说明文。大多数人会毫不犹豫的把我们使用的一次性塑料瓶再次使用，实际上是错误的。文章介绍了为什么不能重复使用一次性塑料瓶。
1. D根据下文的Why 及后面的解释：这种有害的化学物质会进入水中，并在瓶子的裂缝中迅速滋生危险的细菌，对健康的影响非常严重。可知，选项D“塑料水瓶实际上会对你的身体造成伤害”与下文内容最符。故选D。
2.B 根据上文语境可知，BPA会进入水中，而且制造商现在正在使用其他的雌激素。根据下一段的These estrogenic chemicals can have a negative effect on human being’s hormonal balances. 这些雌激素化学物质会对人类的荷尔蒙平衡产生负面影响。可知，选项B“它们也可能对人类健康造成同样的危害。”最合语境。故选B。
3. G根据上文These estrogenic chemicals can have a negative effect on human being’s hormonal balances. 这些雌激素化学物质会对人类的荷尔蒙平衡产生负面影响。及下文的In a study of 259 plastic water bottles at the State University of New York, scientists found that 93% of the surveyed bottles had some form of microplastic contamination (污染). 纽约州立大学(State University of New York)对259个塑料水瓶进行了一项研究，科学家们发现，其中93%的水瓶受到了某种形式的微塑料污染。可知，选项G“然而，塑料水瓶的潜在危险还不止于此。”与下文衔接最好。故选G。
4.A 根据上文语境可知，上文提到塑料含有的化学物质对人体有害，是塑料瓶本身的问题，结合本段的内容：关于水瓶的问题是，它们会接触到我们的嘴巴和手——这是很多细菌的家，它们的开口很小，很难清洗。这一点，再加上它们潮湿的环境，可以使水瓶成为细菌的滋生地。由此可知，本段主要是瓶子含有细菌也是其中的因素。故A项“还要考虑细菌的因素。”最合语境。故选A。
5. C根据上文To drink water without harm, smart drinkers should avoid re-using disposable (一次性的) bottles. 为了喝水而不受伤害，聪明的饮用者应该避免重复使用一次性饮料瓶。可知，选项C“相反，他们应该在喝完一次后回收它们。”与上文内容最相符。故选C。高中英语 高考冲刺语法专题7：非谓语动词-过去分词
【问题查找】
单句语法填空。
1. I like reading the novels ________ (write) by Zhang Ailing.
2. The girl ______ (write) a letter in the study is my cousin.
3. There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _______ (repair).
4. I want the doors of my new house ______ (paint) white.
5. There was a ________ (surprise) look on his face.
6. He was ______ (excite) at the good news.
7. The story was so ______ (move) that he was ______ (move) to tears.
8. If you want the work _________(do) immediately, you have to give us some money in advance.
【要点精讲】
过去分词的规则构成
规则 举例
一般情况下，在动词后加-ed work→worked listen→listened
在以__________结尾的动词后只加-d close→closed like→liked
在以__________结尾的动词，应将__________再加ed study→studied carry→carried
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed stop→stopped drop→dropped
注：过去分词除了规则变化，还有不规则变化，详细请根据不规则动词变换表进行记忆。
观察下列文段，引导学生思考并回答问题。
阅读下面短文，注意划线部分：
Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012. Hearing the news, Mo was very pleased. The news also made all Chinese excited.
Mo Yan is the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel Literature Prize. Readers attracted by his works are from all over the world. His best-known novel is Red Sorghum (《红高粱》), which was made into a film by Zhang Yimou.
想一想： 划线部分在句子中分别充当什么成分？
过去分词具有__________词的特点，在句子中可以充当：__________，__________，__________。
一、定义：过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个__________的或是__________的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作__________、__________、__________或__________等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的__________。
过去分词的作用
▲ 过去分词作表语
1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。Eg. The cup is broken.
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。 Eg. He is retired.
3. 有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。
Eg. The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.
【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的__________，而被动语态则表示__________。
(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. （____________________）
(2) The library is now closed. （____________________）
The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. （____________________）
【注意】
① 过去分词表示被动或完成， 动词-ing 形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰__________，用 动词-ing 形式来修饰__________。
② 过去分词作表语，表示主语的__________且该状语通常是由__________引起的，这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。
例： I'm interested in reading novels, written by Jin Yong.
※常见的还有: be surprised, be astonished, be amazed, be moved, be exhausted, be worried, be devoted, be pleased, be inspired, be encouraged, be excited, be delighted, be satisfied, be scared, be frightened, be disappointed
▲ 过去分词作定语
过分做定语，表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系。（及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。）
The broken window (=The window which was broken) will be replaced soon.
The books bought yesterday (=which were bought yesterday) are of high quality.
过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句。
【点拨】过去分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种"动宾关系"，即"被动态"。过去分词作定语，主要说明" 一个已完成的动作"或是"一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作" 。
单个过去分词作定语，分词一般说来写在被修饰的名词、代词__________；分词短语作定语时，分词放在被修饰词__________。
表示情绪的过去分词作定语：
--His face wore a puzzled expression.他脸上有一种困惑的表情
--We can hear his excited voice.我们可以听到他激动的声音
--The frightened girl sat in the corner quietly. 那位吓得惊慌的姑娘一声不响地坐在角落里。
--Tom gave a satisfied smile.汤姆满意地笑了笑
--There is a worried boy in the corner of the street.在街道拐角有一个焦急的男孩
【举一反三】
amaze, embarrass, interest, excite, disappoint, encourage, move, surprise, astonish, delight, frighten, inspire, please, puzzle, terrify, shock, satisfy, worry, confuse, amuse, tire等。这些动词构成的过去分词实际上已经成了形容词，它们常常用来修饰__________。
其它常见的过去分词作定语：
guided missile导弹 armed forces武装力量 cooked food熟食 ___________开水
frozen food冷冻食品 canned food罐头食品 fried eggs_________ smoked fish 熏鱼
finished products成品 dried fruit果干 required courses必修课 printed matter印刷品
_____________书面英语 mixed feelings混杂情绪
(3) 表示完成的过去分词作定语：
faded flowers萎谢的花 __________落叶 escaped prisoners逃犯 deceased wife亡妻
departed friends离去的朋友 a retired professor退休的教授
new arrived visitors新到的客人 a dated map过时的地图
(4) 过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰词之后，作用相当于一个定语从句：
They reduced the number of animals used in experiments. 他们减少了用于试验的动物数量.
What’s the language spoken in that country 那个国家讲的是什么语言？
Is there anything planned for tonight 今晚有什么活动吗？
They are problems left over by history 他们是历史遗留下来的问题
Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green. 突然出现一个穿绿衣服的青年女子
【例题分析】
I felt hopeless and alone, and more ________ (depress) than I knew was possible.
With a ________ (puzzle) look on my face, I pointed to myself and said.“Me？”
3. If there is no aim in our lives, we will get ________ (lose).
4. To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study ________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.
▲ 过去分词作状语
过去分词(短语)作状语可以表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，它的逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。
1. 作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。（when, while, since, as, once....）
Once published, the dictionary will be very popular. (Once published＝Once it is published)
一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。
2. 作原因状语, 相当于一个原因状语从句。(because, since, as, for...)
Lost in thought, I didn't notice what was happening outside. (Lost in thought＝Because I was lost in thought) 由于陷入沉思，我没注意到外面发生了什么事情。
3. 作条件状语, 相当于一个条件状语从句。(if,unless...)
Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. (Given another hour＝If I am given another hour) 如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题算出来。
4. 作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。(though, although, even if, even though )
Beaten by the opposite team, we didn't lose heart and encouraged each other. (Beaten by the opposite team＝Though we were beaten by the opposite team)
虽然被对方的队打败了，但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。
5. 作方式状语，可以转换成一个并列句。
The old man got on the bus, supported by a girl. (supported by a girl＝and was supported by a girl) 在一位姑娘的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。
过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when, though, although, as though, if, unless, until, once等，表时间、让步、条件、方式等。
If (I am) invite, I will attend the wedding of my friend.
如果受到邀请，我会参加我朋友的婚礼。
过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表__________；
动词-ing与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表__________。
Asked why he was late, he cried. 被问到他为什么迟到时，他哭了。
Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there.
朝窗外望去，看见学生在那边玩。
过去分词(短语)作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。判断以下句子正午：
If caught, the police will punished the thief. （ ）
If caught, the thief will be punished by the police. （ ）
▲ 过去分词作宾语补足语
一、接过去分词（短语）做宾语补足语的四类动词及特殊结构
1. 感官动词：feel, see, hear, watch, smell, taste, notice, observe, find 等+ sth./sb. +done。如：
I found all the windows broken.
2. 表示“希望；要求”等意义的动词：want, should like, would like/love, wish, order等 + sb./ sth. + done。如：
The police, finding the firm unhealthy, ordered it banned.
3. 使役动词：make, get, have,等+ sth./sb. + done。:如：
I had my tap repaired. (=I asked someone to repair the tap.)
注意：have/get sth. done 结构的三种不同的含义:
(1)“请/让/叫别人(为自己做某事)”，强调主语的意志。
(2)“受到；遭受”,表示一种经历。
eg.She had her house damaged in the storm.(=Something bad had happened to her house.)
(3)“使完成某事”,此事可以是别人完成的也可以是自己参与的。如:
She told me she had had her house repaired. (=She told me her house was repaired.)
4. 保持某种状态的动词：keep, leave等+ sth./sb. + done。如：
Please keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
5. 特殊结构:with /without + 名词/代词 + done 结构,分词done 做名词/代词的宾语补足语.如:
Do you know the girl with her hair tied back
They left without a plate untouched.
补充：
“with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构
“with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：
(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）
(2) With water heated, we can see the steam.
水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）
(3) With the matter settled, we all went home.
事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）
(4) She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.
她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。
(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.
他仍然举着手站了一会儿。
【例题分析】
When ________ (ask) if she ever gets tired of green, Elizabeth Sweetheart said, “Oh no, never. It keeps getting better every day.”
In addition, ________ (attract) by interesting topics, you are free to get involved in the weekly discussion.
________ (dress) in black, he was playing with a smart-phone while eating.
Clearly and thoughtfully ________ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
When I opened the door, I found the ground ________ (cover) fallen leaves.
考点二 过去分词与动词-ing的辨析
1、过去分词和动词-ing作表语的辨析
与感觉有关的动词的现在分词（-ing）和过去分词（-ed）的区别：
与感觉有关的及物动词的意思都是“使人......”，
现在分词表示主动意义，即 “令人有某种感觉的”，形容“物”；
过去分词表示被动意义，即指人“内在的感觉”，形容“人” 如：
interest 意思是“使（某人）感兴趣”；
interesting 意思为“令人感兴趣的，有趣的”，表示事物的性质；
interested 表示“感兴趣的”，表示人内心的感觉。
例如：
His novels will interest everyone who reads them. (interest 动词，使......感兴趣)
他的小说会使每位读者感兴趣。
His novels are interesting. (interesting 现在分词，有主动意义，指主语的性质)
他的小说很有趣。
Everyone will be interested in his novels. (interested 过去分词，有被动意义，指人的感觉)
每个人都会对他的小说感兴趣。
2、过去分词和动词-ing作定语的辨析
过去分词表“被动”，“完成”的含义；
动词-ing表“主动或进行”。
The piano used at the concert is made in France. 音乐会上用的那架钢琴是法国制造的。
The girl playing the piano at the concert is Mary. 在音乐会上弹钢琴的那个女孩是玛丽。
3、过去分词和动词-ing作状语的辨析
(1)v. ing形式：现在分词作状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，且含有进行之意。
Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
已经忙活了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。
Having been laughed at for his mistakes, the boy was ashamed and embarrassed.
那男孩因犯错而被嘲笑，因此又羞愧又尴尬。(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前)
(2)v. ed形式：过去分词作状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且含有完成之意。
Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
由于在这部新电影中担任重要角色，安迪有了出名的机会。
Given more attention, the children could have grown better.
给予更多的关注，孩子们本来能够成长得更好。
(3)源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系，其前不用being，常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、devoted(专注的)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。
Absorbed in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room.
他专注于读书，没注意到我进入房间。
知识补充：过去分词与现在分词完成式做状语的区别
Permitted, he would have succeeded in doing that.
讨论：此句为什么不用having been permitted
本句的句意是“如果当时他被允许（做这件事）的话，他本会成功的”
【注意】：过去分词做状语可以表示条件，与if + done可以互换。
而现在分词中的完成被动式不可以，它只可以表示完成被动，而且只有非谓语与谓语是很鲜明的先后关系时才可以用。
如：Having been finished, his homework was sent to his teacher to be corrected.
如果非谓语与谓语是一般的先后关系的话，直接用过去分词即可。
如：Guided by the guide, he found the place easily.
Scolded by the teacher, he felt very depressed.
4、过去分词和动词-ing作宾语补足语的区别
1. 及物动词的过去分词做宾语补足语时表被动；动词-ing则表示主动。如：
We have our classroom cleaned after school every day.
The teacher had Tom cleaning the classroom today.
不及物动词的过去分词做宾补时，表示动作的完成，分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前；动词-ing作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行。如
When I got home, I found my wallet gone. (gone”丢”的动作已经完成)
When I came here ,I saw Li Lei reading an English book.
考点三、过去分词与动词-ing的解题
在熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。
一、分析句子结构
1. ________many times, but he still couldn't understand it.
2. ________many times, he still couldn't understand it.
A. Having been told B. Told
C. He was told D. Though he had been told
________to the left, you'll find the post office.
4. If you ________to the left, you'll find the post office.
5. ________to the left, and you'll find the post office.
A. Turning B. To turn
C. Turn D. Turned
分析逻辑主语
确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。
1. ________no buses, we have to walk home.
2. ______Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home.
A. There being B. It were
C. There were D. It being
分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。
1. ______from space , the earth looks blue .
2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .
A. Seen B. Seeing
C. To see D. See
3. The dirty clothes ______ , the girl hung them up outside .
4. ______ the dirty clothes, the girl hung them up outside.
A. was washed B. washed
C. were washed D. having washed
分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。
1. The building ______now will be a restaurant .
2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant .
3. The building ______last year is a restaurant.
A. having been built B.to be built
C. being built D. built
又如：
1. He stood there ______for his mother.
2. ______for two hours, he went away.
A. waiting B. to wait
C. waited D. Having waited
3. What is the reason for ______there
A. not your going B. not your go
C. your not going D. you not to go
【查漏补缺】
单句语法填空。
1. (follow) the old man, we went upstairs.
2. (follow) by the old man, we went upstairs.
3. (see) from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.
4. (see) from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.
5. (use) for a long time, the book looks old.
6. (use) the book, I find it useful.
7. ___________(frighten) by noises in the night, the girl no longer dare to sleep in her room.
8. The lady returned home, __________ (follow) by two policemen.
9. If __________(trap) in a burning building, you should send for help.
10. Although ______(shoot) in the leg, he continued firing at the police.
11. __________(adapt) from J. K. Rowling’s book series of the same title, the Harry Potter movies are universally acknowledged as classics.
【梳理优化】
一、常考题型：
1. 语法填空题 2. 书面表达
二、解题技巧
语法填空题中过去分词的解题技巧
分析句子结构，辨析谓语和非谓语。
技巧：一看是否有逗号（，），二看是否有谓语，三看是否有连词。要牢记英语中逗号不连接两个句子，一个句子没有连词只能有一个谓语。
可以利用动词形式判断谓语与非谓语(以do为例)：
谓语动词的形式 非谓语动词的形式
do/ does; is/ am/ are
did; was/ were
be doing doing
have/ has done done
will do to do
情态动词+do
2、找逻辑主语，判断主被动关系，分析语态。
方法一：找非谓语动词的逻辑主语，并判断是主谓关系还是动宾关系，一般主谓关系用doing或to do，动宾关系用done。
方法二：根据非谓语动词的词性（及物动词、不及物动词和接双宾语动词），结合其后是否带宾语，来判断用主动还是被动。
牢记：
不及物动词用主动（不及物动词的被动形式作定语表示完成）；
及物动词带了宾语用主动，没有带宾语用被动；
接双宾语动词带两个宾语用主动，一般情况没有带或带一个宾语用被动。
3、看时间词，分析时态。
【强化巩固】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
Freud was one of the first scientists [1]_______ (make) serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities [2]________ (base) in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.
He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams [3]___________ (search) for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠). He wanted to see if [4]________ (put) patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease [5]________ (trouble) minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary.
Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved [6]________ (sit) with his patients and [7]________ (listen) to them talk. He had them [8]________ (talk) about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to [9]___________ (express). There could be no[10]________ (hold) back because of fear or guilt.
【课后练习】
一、单句语法填空
1. You cannot accept an opinion ________ (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
2. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ________ (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
3 When we saw the road ________ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
4. ________ (use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
5. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ________ (wash).
6. If (accept)for the job, you'll be informed soon.
7. (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
8. Back from his two－year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother
(take) good care of at home.
9. _________ (give) better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shinning brightly in the sky and _________ (give) them light.
10. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to get __________ (change) before the party.
二、语法填空
Johann Strauss was 1 Austrian musician of light music, particularly dance music and operettas(轻歌剧). He was born in Vienna in 1825. Although his father didn’t want him 2 (become) a musician, Strauss studied the violin 3 (secret) when he was a child. When his father discovered his son was practicing on a violin one day, he gave him a beating, 4 (say) that he was going to beat the music out of the boy. But that didn’t prevent the boy from becoming one of the greatest 5 (composer) of all time. He wrote his first waltz at six. At the age of 19, he decided to devote himself to 6 (write) music. He formed his own orchestra and made a successful tour to Europe and soon became famous. The emperor of Austria was so 7 (please) with his music that he appointed him the conductor at the court balls of Vienna. It was for these occasions that he wrote some of his most popular waltzes, among 8 was the well-known favorite The Blue Danube. In all, the talented Johann Strauss wrote more than 500 masterpieces. In his lifetime, he was known 9 the Waltz King, and was largely responsible for the 10 (popular) of the waltz in Vienna during the 19th century.
三、阅读理解
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
1. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry
A. Soil pollution. B. Lack of workers.
C. Aging machines. D. Low profitability.
2. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do
A. Monitor the quality of grass. B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Move cattle to another field. D. Predict weather changes.
3. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle
A. He wants to help them earn a living. B. He thinks men can do the job better.
C. He is inexperienced in using robots. D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.
4. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey
A. Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor.
C. Make the job more appealing. D. Keep cattle from being stolen.
四、七选五
Most of us don’t think twice about refilling our plastic water bottles. After all, there’s absolutely nothing harmful about a simple bottle of water, right
Wrong! ____1____ Why Plastic water bottles have Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical used to manufacture plastics. This harmful chemical can go into the water and quickly grow dangerous bacteria in the bottle’s cracks, and the health consequences are pretty serious.
We spoke to Kent Atherton, CEO of PuriBloc technology, about the risks of reusing plastics. “Even BPA free products are not safe because manufacturers are now using other estrogenic (雌激素类的) chemicals. ____2____” said Atherton.
These estrogenic chemicals can have a negative effect on human being’s hormonal balances. ____3____ In a study of 259 plastic water bottles at the State University of New York, scientists found that 93% of the surveyed bottles had some form of microplastic contamination (污染). Additionally, single-use plastic bottles are mostly made of polyethylene terephthalate, or PET, which is safe to use, but not reuse.
____4____ “The thing about water bottles is that they come into contact with our mouth and hands—which are home to a lot of bacteria,” says Professor Stephanie Liberatore in the academic journal The Science Teacher. “Their openings are small, which makes them difficult to clean. This, combined with their wet environment, can make water bottles a bacterial breeding ground.”
To drink water without harm, smart drinkers should avoid re-using disposable (一次性的) bottles. ____5____ Not only will doing so benefit your health, but you can help the environment, too.
A. There’s also the factor of bacteria to consider.
B. They may also cause the same danger to human health.
C. Instead, they should recycle them after drinking up once.
D. Plastic water bottle could actually do harm to your body.
E.Many people believe buying plastic water bottles is healthy.
F.These plastics can make chemicals go into your water if heated.
G.However, the potential dangers of plastic water bottles don’t stop there.
