高中英语 高考冲刺语法专题8：非谓语动词综合
【问题查找】
单句语法填空。
The park was full of people, ____________ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
Tsinghua University, ____________ (find)in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something ____________ (eat)!
I stopped the car ________ (take) a short break as I was feeling tired.
Relax yourself every day, or you'll be too tired ________(get) good grades.
Word came that Chinese sports delegation has won 9 medals in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, ________(rank) the 12th of the medal list.
___________ (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.
Some villagers reported a huge snake, _____________ (measure) over two meters long, was found dead in a nearby cave.
With so many life's challenges ________ (overcome), the injured soldier was lucky to have a trained dog around to provide support.
________ (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order from Chinese.
Keys: 1. enjoying 2. founded 3. to eat 4. to take 5. to get 6. ranking
7. To free 8. measuring 9. to overcome 10. Translated
【要点精讲】
学习目标：
学生能识别谓语动词与非谓语动词的用法，掌握并区分非谓语动词的分类、定义和作用。
学生能够灵活运非谓语动词进行语法填空解题。
目标分解：
(1) 掌握谓语动词与非谓语动词的区分；
(3) 辨析非谓语动词（动词不定式、动词-ing、过去分词）的定义和作用；
(4) 掌握非谓语动词在语法填空与短文填空中的考点应用。
教学过程：激发动机、激发已有知识、解决问题、内化过程、总结优化
一、用合适的活动激发学生动机。（需要老师进行个性化设计）
外部动机：选择合适的方法激发学习动机
内部动机：好激发
激发已有知识
教师提问：非谓语动词的分类包括哪些？
非谓语综合
非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义
不定式 一般式 to do to be done 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式 to be doing 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式 to have done to have been done 不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在分 词/动 名词 一般式 doing being done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生
完成式 having done having been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成
例如：
① I have a lot of reading to complete before the end of this term.
本学期结束前，我有大量的阅读任务要完成。
② Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer.
人们一致认为查尔斯·巴贝奇发明了第一台计算机。
③ No harm seems to have been done.
似乎并没有造成伤害。
④ Do you mind being interrupted while studying
你介意学习时被打扰吗？
⑤ Having been ignored for a long time, the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.
因长时间被忽视，这个男孩坐在后面感到枯燥就出去了。
⑥ Given enough time, we are sure to do it well.
如果给予我们足够的时间，我们一定能做好。
解决学习问题：目标对应的活动（目标的问题化分解）：
考点一 辨析谓语动词与非谓语动词
教师提问：我们现在知道了非谓语动词的分类以及形式了，那么，你知道该如何区分谓语动词与非谓语动词了吗？
观察下列句子，说出划线部分对应所作成分。
1 The teachers sitting there are from other schools.
主语 定语 连系动词 表语
2 We saw some teachers sitting there.
谓语 宾语 宾补
3 We need to be active in class.
宾语
概述：
1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词。
2. 非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分，
用所给词的适当形式填空完成句子，并归纳。
1. I hope__________ (hear) from you soon.
2. She sat at the window, _________(read) a magazine.
简单句：简单句中已经出现了谓语动词，填入非谓语。
3. I _______ (do) all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.
并列句：有并列连词but连接两个简单句，填入谓语。
4. This is the girl who__________ (live) next door.
5. My decision is that all of us _____________(start) at 6 o’clock tomorrow.
复合句：从句中缺谓语，填入谓语。
to hear 2. reading 3. do 4. lives 5.will / are going to start
【总结】
非谓语动词使用条件：
一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.
非谓语动词的特点：
1. 不能单独作谓语；
2. 没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
3. 还可以有自己的宾语和状语构成非谓语短语在句中一起做成分。
【例题分析】
请用下划线画出句中的谓语，并用括号标出非谓语。
Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines, the toothpaste marketer, for instance, must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used.
例如，决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。
(Having chosen) family television programs and women’s magazines, the toothpaste marketer, for instance, must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines (to be used).
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
The man took out the key, _________ (open) the door and entered the room.
2. The man sat there, _________ (read) a book.
3. _______ (work) hard, and you will succeed.
4. The question ___________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of great importance.
5. ___________(improve) his spoken English, Mr. Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.
1. opened 2. reading 3. Work 4. discussed 5.To improve
考点二 非谓语动词的定义与作用
教师提问：非谓语动词在句中分别可以做什么成分？
名称 语 法 功 能
主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
现在分词 √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
一、非谓语动词作状语
1、不定式作状语
不定式作状语 例句
(1)原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。 I’m very glad to be invited to attend the meeting.
(2)目的状语可与so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首。 To catch the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
(3)结果状语常表示意想不到的结果，常用only to do。 George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.
熟记固定结构：
(1)only/just to…; too…to…；so/such as to…；…enough (for sb.) to…
(2)be＋adj.＋to do sth.
As far as I’m concerned, the book is very hard to learn.
就我个人而言，这本书很难理解。
The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day.
早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。
2、分词作状语
形式 意义
v.-ing(doing) 与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与句中谓语动词动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生
having+v.-ed (having done) 与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于谓语动 词动作发生
v.-ed(done) 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系
being+v.-ed (being done) 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且与谓语动词动作同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首
having been+v.-ed (having been done) 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生
Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
Having been laughed at for his mistakes, the boy was ashamed and embarrassed.
Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
Given more attention, the children could have grown better.
【注意】源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系，其前不用being，常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、devoted(专注的)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。
Absorbed in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room.
分词作状语的基本原则
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。即分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系，否则一般不能使用分词作状语。
分词作状语的句法功能
分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可与连词while或when连用。
分词与不定式作状语的区别
(1)把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系；区别现在分词与过去分词：现在分词表示主动或正在进行，过去分词表示被动或完成。
(2)现在分词的完成式having done表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系，同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词发生。
Having driven all day, we were rather tired.
开了一天的车，我们相当累。
(3)不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果，现在分词作结果状语为客观上顺其自然而产生的结果。
More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。
3、有些分词或不定式短语作状语，构成独立结构，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有：
generally speaking一般来说； frankly speaking坦白地说；
judging from/by…根据……来判断； considering…/taking…into consideration考虑到……；
to tell the truth说实话； compared to/with与……相比较；
to begin with首先； seeing…鉴于/由于……； given考虑到，鉴于；
supposing假设，如果； assuming假使； provided(that…)如果；
concerning关于
4、独立主格结构
定义：不定式或分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。
(1)独立主格结构的特点：
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；
②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系；
③独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。
(2)独立主格结构的构成：
①名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词；
②名词/代词+形容词；
③名词/代词+副词；
④名词/代词+不定式；
⑤名词/代词+介词短语。
⑥with/without+名词/代词+宾语补足语。
The test finished(＝When the test was finished), we began our holiday.
Weather permitting(＝If weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow.
The girl staring at him(＝As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say.
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.
With time passing by, he almost forgot everything in the past.(time和pass之间为主动关系)
He sat on the chair, with his hands tied behind his back.(hands和tie之间为被动关系)
二、非谓语动词作定语
定语形式 功能
现在分词一般式doing 表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中
现在分词一般式的被动结构being done 表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中
过去分词done 表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成
动词不定式to do 表示将要发生的动作
动词不定式一般式的被动结构to be done 表示将要被做的动作
非谓语动词作定语的辨析：
(1)准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系；
(2)准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。
The problem discussed at the last meeting was of great importance.
The matter being discussed now is of great importance.
The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance.
【注意】
① 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。
falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)
fallen leaves落叶(表完成)
② 动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。
a walking stick拐杖 a reading room阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车
三、非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式：
只能用不定式作宾语的动词
下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help。
此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.
我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。
只能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语
下列动词或动词短语只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon； admit, delay/put off, fancy 想象,设想 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice； deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate； forbid, imagine, risk； can’t help 禁不住, mind, allow/permit, escape。
此外，下列动词短语也要用动名词作宾语：
be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thank ...for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in), look forward to。
①We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.
我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。
②My mother couldn’t help smiling when she heard the good news.
听到那好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。
既可以接不定式也可以接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语
下列动词或动词短语既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：
后接不定式 后接动名词
regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事
forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事
remember to do sth.记得要做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事
try to do sth.努力/企图做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事
can’t help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
①I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.
我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。
②Missing this train means waiting for another hour.
错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。
四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1. “五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch，observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。
do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原)，doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成。
I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help
I was sleeping when I heard my name shouted.
2. 热点动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。
①make＋宾语＋
They made me repeat the story.
He raised his voice to make himself heard.
②let 最常用的结构为“let＋宾语＋do”，表示“让……做……”。
On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the consequences of their actions can do better.相反，那些让孩子体验自己行为结果的父母往往会做得更好。
Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔把行李进行了安检。
He got me to post the letter for him.
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow.
3. 固定短语，如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb. to do sth.等。
The patient was warned not to eat oily food.
with复合结构常用形式：
with
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.
With a lot of work to do, she wasn’t allowed to leave her office.
五、非谓语动词作主语和表语
1. 不定式和动名词 作主语和表语 [※非谓语动词只有不定式与动名词作主语]
成分 不定式 动名词
主语 (1)不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。 (1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It’s a waste of time doing ...；It’s no use/good doing ...；It is useless ... doing ...；There is no ...等中。
表语 (2)不定式作表语常用来表示预定要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，而不具有未来的含义。 (2)动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
例句：
①To climb the mountain is hard work but to go down the mountain is great fun.
②It is not easy to find your way around the town.
①His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
②My job is to clean the rooms every day.
①Knowing basic first aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
②It is no use complaining without taking action.
③There is no joking about such serious matters.
①Our job is playing all kinds of music.
②What she like most is lying on the grassland and bathing in the sunshine.
分词做表语
(1)非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语意为“令人感到……的”，而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到……的”。
The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.
这则消息令人激动，我们激动了整整一晚上。
(2)get, become, look, seem, appear等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语，表示被动或主语的状态。
This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn’t get discouraged right after failures.
温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们，失败后我们绝不能气馁。
考点三、非谓语动词在考题中的考查
教师提问：虽然我们已经掌握了不同的非谓语动词在句中所起的作用的不同，那么你知道在句子中该如何辨析应用了吗？
高考对非谓语动词作状语的主要考查点有：
现在分词 过去分词 动词不定式
①表示主动和进行； ②表示自然而然的结果； 表示被动和完成 表目的
【注意】动词不定式作状语，还有only to do表示出乎意料的结果，以及“主语＋系动词＋形容词(表情感)＋to do”结构中不定式的用法也常在高考中出现。
命题法1 考查不定式作状语
典例 (单句语法填空) Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ________ (find) it didn't fit.
解析 句意：她急切地从包裹里拿出裙子穿上，结果发现它不合身。only to do表示出乎意料的结果。故填to find。
【解题法】
(1)对不定式作状语的考查主要在目的状语、原因状语和结果状语上。熟知一些常用不定式的结构，观察语境找出答案。
(2)在语法填空中，常给出动词形式，考生需要考虑不定式作状语与分词作状语的区别，熟悉各自的意义及功能。
命题法2 考查分词作状语
典例3 (单句语法填空) As for the game, it will be rescheduled for tomorrow evening at the same time, _________ (depend) on the weather.
解析 句意：对于这个比赛，它会被重新安排在明天晚上同一时间，这取决于天气。分析句子结构知，空处作状语，与前文是顺承关系，故用现在分词形式，故填depending。
【解题法】
(1)对分词作状语的考查主要在条件状语、时间状语、原因状语、让步状语、结果状语和伴随状语上。找准分词动作的逻辑主语，根据语境确定答案。
(2)在语法填空中，常给出动词形式。考生需考虑现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别，熟悉各自的意义及功能。
高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要有：
现在分词 过去分词 动词不定式
表示主动和进行； 表示被动和完成； 表示在谓语动词之后发生的将来动作；
命题法 考查非谓语作定语的用法
典例 (单句语法填空) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
解析 句意：香港的一家旅游公司Abercrombie & Kent 说，他们经常在这儿为上海人和香港人安排方便的度假。该句的谓语动词是arranges，所以此处应是非谓语动词；people和live之间是主动关系，故用living作后置定语。
【解题法】 各种非谓语形式作定语的用法
(1)熟悉不同的非谓语作定语的特点以及一些固定用法。
(2)在语篇型语法填空中，考查非谓语形式作定语一般都给提示词，考生需分析题意，结合语境找出被修饰词与所给动词的逻辑关系，以及非谓语动作发生的时间，从而判断出用哪一形式。
考查非谓语动词作补语、宾语、表语、主语时，要求考生能分析句子结构，熟知几种非谓语形式的特点，分析动作发生的时间以及与逻辑主语的主动或被动关系。
命题法 考查非谓语动词作补语、宾语、表语和主语的用法
典例1 (单句语法填空) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without ________ (use) electric equipment.
解析 句意：除了朴素之美外，令人赞叹的是这些土坯房具有不使用电气设备就能自动进行空气调节的能力。介词without后面用名词或动名词作宾语，故填using。
典例2 (单句语法填空) ________(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
解析 句意：忽视这两种研究结果的差异将是你所犯的最严重错误之一。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语部分是will be, one of the worst mistakes是表语，you make是省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰mistakes。很显然，________the difference between the two research findings是主语部分，结合语境可知设空处用动名词作主语。答案为Ignoring。
【解题法】
(1)掌握一些非谓语动词的意义，功能和固定用法。
(2)在语篇型语法填空中，考查非谓语动词是给提示词的，考生要先分析句子结构，判断所填部分在句中所作的成分，然后再结合句意找出非谓语动作的逻辑主语以及两者间的关系，还要清楚非谓语动作的发生时间，从而确定答案。
【查漏补缺】
单句语法填空。
1.________ (judge) from his accent, he is from the south of America.
2. ________(struggle) with depression for years, she now understands the important of being healthy.
3. ________(give) a push, an object will move forward and do work.
4. Former Chinese premier Zhu Rongji is said___________ (donate) nearly 40 million yuan of all of his book's royalty(版税) income over the past two years.
5. The student ________ (absorb) in the games on the smartphone during class did not notice his teacher behind him.
6. A man, ________ (sentence) 18 years ago, was found not guilty, which amazed many people.
Square dancing, ________ (see) as a way to relax and exercise by some people, has brought about lots of arguments.
“Hope for the best and prepare for the worst” is a proverb, ________ (mean) life is beautiful and full of frustrations as well.
People from all the corners came to the city center, ________ (make) it very crowded.
He survived the crash, only ________ (die) in the desert.
Keys: 1. Judging 2. Having struggled 3. Given 4. to have donated 5. absorbed 6. sentenced 7. seen 8. meaning 9. making 10. to die
【梳理优化】
一、常考题型：
1. 语法填空题 2.书面表达
二、解题技巧
第一步：辨别谓语与非谓语
第二步：判断语态
找非谓语的逻辑主语 ：
作定语时，被修饰的词是其逻辑主语；
作状语时，句子的主语是其逻辑主语；
作补语时，句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。
在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间是主谓还是动宾关系。
第三步：分析时态
根据非谓语自带的时间状语确定时间或根据上下文的语境确定时间。
语法填空解题技法面面观
技巧一 谨记句法功能
技巧二 牢记固定搭配
技巧三 辨清逻辑关系
三、口诀
(1) 歌诀巧记仅接不定式作宾语的动词：
同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。
准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。
不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心强。
agree (同意); offer (提出); intend,plan (打算,计划);
demand,ask (要求); promise (答应); help (帮忙);
prepare (准备); decide (决定); refuse (拒绝);
dare (敢于); choose (选择); wish, hope, want, expect (希望,想要);
fail (不能); pretend (假装); manage (设法); determine (决心)
下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon
承认推迟没得想：admit, delay/put off, fancy
避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice
否认完成停止赏：deny, finish, stop, enjoy/appreciate
不禁介意准逃亡：can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape
不准冒险凭想象：forbid, risk, imagine
名称 语 法 功 能
主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
现在分词 √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
【强化巩固】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
It has been said before, but 1._____________ (experience) it myself has made me want to say it again: a smile can cross all language barriers.
I recently 2.___________ (move) from Canada to a small city on the south coast of South Korea to work as an English teacher. One night, after a long day at work, I was feeling particularly worn-out. My legs 3.____________ (ache) and I wasn’t looking forward to 4._________ (cook) dinner. Just as I was about to 5.____________(push) the key into the door, the old landlady 6._________ (call) to me and motioned me into her apartment. I didn’t understand a word that she said, but I understood her smile. I followed her into her kitchen, which smelled like the wonderful Korean foods I was coming to love. 7.___________ (put) many dishes of food on the table, she sat down across from me. We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words. When it was time 8.___________ (leave), I said “thank you” in Korean, 9._________(use) some of the few words I had learned. I felt less lonely than I 10.____________(expect) that night.
Keys: 1. experiencing 2. moved 3. were aching 4.cooking 5. push
6. called 7. Putting 8. to leave 9. using 10. had expected
【课后练习】
一、单句语法填空
1. Last night, there were millions of people ________ (watch) the singing contest live on TV.
2. Li Na, the first ________ (achieve) a ranking of world No. 2 in Asia, retired from tennis in September.
3. The two presidents agree with each other on the whole, but much remains ________ (discuss) at the next meeting.
4. Harry, please tell the people seated and ___________ (wait) for their turns to come to the headmaster’s office ten minutes later.
5. The office of the Students' Union will contact the ___________ (choose) candidates for an interview in a few days.
6. Feng Xiaogang, ____________ (recognize) by many as a leading director, left his handprint at the TCL Chinese Theatre.
7. In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared, __________ (combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.
8. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________(connect).
9. ____________ (communicate) on We Chat is a common phenomenon, and more people hardly write letters.
10. The ability _____________ (express) one's idea somehow decides how far one can get along in one's college.
Keys: 1. watching 2. to achieve 3. to be discussed 4. waiting 5. chosen
6. recognized 7. combining 8. connected 9. Communicating 10. to express
二、语法填空
Fabien Cousteau was born with deep love for the ocean. His grandfather and his father were ocean 1. _______________(explore) and documentary filmmakers. Today, Fabien follows in his family's footstep to protect the planet's 2. _______________(danger) ocean life and tries 3. _______________(strike) a balance between environmental problems and market economies.
Fabien is well known for his study of sharks. During 2000﹣2002, he created a TV special based on the shark attacks that 4. _______________(occurr) along the New Jersey shoreline in 1916. Then in 2003﹣2006, 5. _______________ the help of a large crew, Fabien created a shark submarine that enabled 6. _______________(he) to put himself inside the shark world, providing people with a rare view of the mysterious and often misunderstood creatures.
For the next four years, Fabien was part of a series called Ocean Adventures, 7. _______________ offered a rare look into some of the most fantastic ocean species and environments.
In 2010, Fabien started a nonprofit project to help restore water ecosystems by replanting key ocean species. From June 1to July 2, 2014, Fabien and his team spent 31days underwater to discover 8. _______________ climate change and pollution are affecting the oceans. Fabien's Mission 31broke new ground by going deeper, longer and farther.
Fabine is 9. _______________(current) working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as 10. _______________ (build) an Ocean Learning Center to provide children around the world with the opportunity to learn about oceans.
Keys: 1 explorers；2.endangered；3. to strike；4. occurred；5. with；
6. him；7. which；8 how；9；currently；10 building
三、阅读理解
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
4. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme
A. Costly. B. Controversial. C. Ambitious. D. Successful.
5. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino
A. She loves staying with her mother. B. She dislikes outdoor activities.
C. She is in good condition D. She is sensitive to heat.
6. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have
A. They had their first born in January. B. They enjoyed exploring new places
C. They lived with their grandmothers. D. They were brought to the reserve young
7. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve
A. The rhino section will be open to the public.
B. It aims to control the number of the animals.
C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
Keys: 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D
说明文。文章主要介绍了在Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
1. 推理判断题。通过文章第一段“she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve (她成为该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there. (他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. (她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。通过文章第一段“When the tinv creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. (1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在Port Lympne，体重约为32公斤)”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。
4. 推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，Pon Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
四、七选五
Naming a pet can be difficult considering all the cute names available. When naming your pet you want to make sure their name is short and simple, not something too crazy! Here are some ways to help you name your pet.
Think about your pet’s personality.
Does he/she remind you of a person, character, object, or personality. Is there an activity he/ she loves to do Is there a character trait that he/she reminds you of ____1____ For example, is Star Wars a popular thing in your family Maybe name your pet after Chewy or Leia!
Examine your pet.
Let’s take a dog for example. The dog is dark and reminds you of something you like. ____2____ Maybe he/she smells a lot, so you could name him/her Stinky. If you like cartoons, you may name him Pluto.
Get a name book.
A name book that is used to help pick baby names can help you find a name! ____3____ Hey, who knows, you could find some very interesting names!
Get inspired by your own life.
Maybe name your pet “Joker” if you like comic books. Do you collect or have interest in coins ____4____
____5____
For example, the name Princess Peanut Butter is cute, but too long to say to your pet every minute or two. Unless you plan to call the pet with the long name some quirky nickname like PPB, choose a name that is simpler that you could call the pet.
A. Consider your pet’s uniqueness.
B. Avoid names that may be too long.
C. Any of these could suggest a good name.
D. Search through some names in the book.
E.Long names can be tricky and confusing.
F.You may name him/her Smoky or Stormy.
G.Maybe name your pet Lincoln after the penny.
Keys: 应用文。文章主要介绍了一些可以帮助给的宠物起名字的方法。
1.C 根据前文“Does he/she remind you of a person, character, object, or personality. Is there an activity he/ she loves to do Is there a character trait that he/she reminds you of ( 他/她是否让你想起了一个人、一个角色、一个物体或一个性格 他/她有喜欢做的活动吗 他/她有没有让你想起什么性格特点 )”提出了一系列的关于宠物特点的提示，因此设空处应提及提出这些提示的原因，选项C“Any of these could suggest a good name.”中的these呼应前文的提示，并说明了这些提示可以帮助起一个好名字。故选C项。
2.F 根据后文“Maybe he/she smells a lot, so you could name him/her Stinky.( 也许他/她很臭，所以你可以叫他/她Stinky。)”可知，在进行举例解释，对应此句结构“提示信息-名字建议”，可知，空前“The dog is dark and reminds you of something you like.( 这只狗很黑，会让你想起你喜欢的东西。)”应是提示，F项“You may name him/her Smoky or Stormy.( 你可以给他/她取名为“Smoky”或“Stormy”。) 可看作由之前提示得出的名字，dark 对应Smoky/Stormy。故选F项。
3. 根据本段小标题“Get a name book.“以及设空句前文“A name book that is used to help pick baby names can help you find a name!”可知，本段主要讲述了名字书在给宠物起名字的作用，对应主题，选项D. Search through some names in the book.( 在书中搜索一些名字。)符合分析。故选D项。
4. G 根据前文“Do you collect or have interest in coins ( 你对硬币有兴趣吗 )”可知，设空句应是对此句进行回应，给出名字建议。选项G. Maybe name your pet Lincoln after the penny.( 也许你可以给你的宠物起名叫林肯。) 为对应此句的名字建议。故选G项。
5. B 根据后文“For example, the name Princess Peanut Butter is cute, but too long to say to your pet every minute or two.( 例如，“花生酱公主”这个名字很可爱，但每隔一两分钟就对你的宠物说一声太长了。)”可知，本段在讲述长名字的不利之处，因此应该避免较长名字。选项B. Avoid names that may be too long.( 避免使用太长的名字。)贴合本段主题，可作为本段小标题。故选B项。高中英语 高考冲刺语法专题8：非谓语动词综合
【问题查找】
单句语法填空。
The park was full of people, ____________ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
Tsinghua University, ____________ (find)in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something ____________ (eat)!
I stopped the car ________ (take) a short break as I was feeling tired.
Relax yourself every day, or you'll be too tired ________(get) good grades.
Word came that Chinese sports delegation has won 9 medals in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, ________(rank) the 12th of the medal list.
___________ (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.
Some villagers reported a huge snake, _____________ (measure) over two meters long, was found dead in a nearby cave.
With so many life's challenges ________ (overcome), the injured soldier was lucky to have a trained dog around to provide support.
________ (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order from Chinese.
【要点精讲】
非谓语综合
非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义
不定式 一般式 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作____________或在其后发生
进行式 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作____________
完成式 不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作____________
现在分 词/动 名词 一般式 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作____________，或几乎同时发生
完成式 其表示的动作____________句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词 与句中主语为逻辑上的__________关系，表__________
例如：
① I have a lot of reading____________ before the end of this term.
本学期结束前，我有大量的阅读任务要完成。
② Charles Babbage is generally considered ______________________ the first computer.
人们一致认为查尔斯·巴贝奇发明了第一台计算机。
③ No harm seems ________________________.
似乎并没有造成伤害。
④ Do you mind ________________ while studying
你介意学习时被打扰吗？
⑤ __________________ for a long time, the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.
因长时间被忽视，这个男孩坐在后面感到枯燥就出去了。
⑥ ________________ enough time, we are sure to do it well.
如果给予我们足够的时间，我们一定能做好。
考点一 辨析谓语动词与非谓语动词
观察下列句子，说出划线部分对应所作成分。
1 The teachers sitting there are from other schools.
2 We saw some teachers sitting there.
3 We need to be active in class.
概述：
1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词。
2. 非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分，
用所给词的适当形式填空完成句子，并归纳。
1. I hope__________ (hear) from you soon.
2. She sat at the window, _________(read) a magazine.
简单句：简单句中已经出现了 ________________，填入 ________________。
3. I _______ (do) all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.
并列句：有并列连词but连接两个简单句，填入 ________________。
4. This is the girl who__________ (live) next door.
5. My decision is that all of us _____________(start) at 6 o’clock tomorrow.
复合句：从句中缺 ________________，填入 ________________。
【总结】
非谓语动词使用条件：
一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.
非谓语动词的特点：
1. 不能单独作谓语；
2. 没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
3. 还可以有自己的宾语和状语构成非谓语短语在句中一起做成分。
【例题分析】
请用下划线画出句中的谓语，并用括号标出非谓语。
Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines, the toothpaste marketer, for instance, must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used.
例如，决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
The man took out the key, _________ (open) the door and entered the room.
2. The man sat there, _________ (read) a book.
3. _______ (work) hard, and you will succeed.
4. The question ___________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of great importance.
5. ___________(improve) his spoken English, Mr. Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.
考点二 非谓语动词的定义与作用
教师提问：非谓语动词在句中分别可以做什么成分？
名称 语 法 功 能
主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
现在分词 √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
一、非谓语动词作状语
1、不定式作状语
不定式作状语 例句
(1)原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。 I’m very glad to be invited to attend the meeting.
(2)目的状语可与so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首。 To catch the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
(3)结果状语常表示意想不到的结果，常用only to do。 George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.
熟记固定结构：
(1)only/just to…; too…to…；so/such as to…；…enough (for sb.) to…
(2)be＋adj.＋to do sth.
As far as I’m concerned, the book is very hard to learn.
就我个人而言，这本书很难理解。
The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day.
早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。
2、分词作状语
形式 意义
v.-ing(doing) 与句中主语为逻辑上的 ________________，与句中谓语动词动作 ________________，或基本上同时发生
having+v.-ed (having done) 与句中主语为逻辑上的 ________________， ________________谓语动词动作发生
v.-ed(done) 与句中主语为逻辑上的 ________________
being+v.-ed (being done) 与句中主语为逻辑上的 ________________，且与谓语动词动作 ________________，一般作原因状语置于句首
having been+v.-ed (having been done) 与句中主语为逻辑上的 ________________，且 _____________谓语动词动作发生
Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
Having been laughed at for his mistakes, the boy was ashamed and embarrassed.
Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
Given more attention, the children could have grown better.
【注意】源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系，其前不用being，常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、devoted(专注的)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。
Absorbed in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room.
分词作状语的基本原则
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。即分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系，否则一般不能使用分词作状语。
分词作状语的句法功能
分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可与连词while或when连用。
分词与不定式作状语的区别
(1)把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系；区别现在分词与过去分词：现在分词表示 ____________________，过去分词表示 ________________。
(2)现在分词的完成式having done表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是 ______________，同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词发生。
Having driven all day, we were rather tired.
开了一天的车，我们相当累。
(3)不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果，现在分词作结果状语为客观上顺其自然而产生的结果。
More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。
3、有些分词或不定式短语作状语，构成独立结构，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有：
generally speaking一般来说； frankly speaking坦白地说；
judging from/by…根据……来判断； considering…/taking…into consideration考虑到……；
to tell the truth说实话； compared to/with与……相比较；
to begin with首先； seeing…鉴于/由于……； given考虑到，鉴于；
supposing假设，如果； assuming假使； provided(that…)如果；
concerning关于
4、独立主格结构
定义：不定式或分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。
(1)独立主格结构的特点：
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；
②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系；
③独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。
(2)独立主格结构的构成：
①名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词；
②名词/代词+形容词；
③名词/代词+副词；
④名词/代词+不定式；
⑤名词/代词+介词短语。
⑥with/without+名词/代词+宾语补足语。
The test finished(＝When the test was finished), we began our holiday.
Weather permitting(＝If weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow.
The girl staring at him(＝As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say.
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.
With time passing by, he almost forgot everything in the past.(time和pass之间为主动关系)
He sat on the chair, with his hands tied behind his back.(hands和tie之间为被动关系)
二、非谓语动词作定语
定语形式 功能
现在分词一般式doing 表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中
现在分词一般式的被动结构being done 表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中
过去分词done 表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成
动词不定式to do 表示将要发生的动作
动词不定式一般式的被动结构to be done 表示将要被做的动作
非谓语动词作定语的辨析：
(1)准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系；
(2)准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。
The problem discussed at the last meeting was of great importance.
The matter being discussed now is of great importance.
The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance.
【注意】
① 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。
falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)
fallen leaves落叶(表完成)
② 动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。
a walking stick拐杖 a reading room阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车
三、非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语动词中能作宾语的有 ________________和 ________________：
只能用不定式作宾语的动词
下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help。
此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.
我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。
只能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语
下列动词或动词短语只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon； admit, delay/put off, fancy 想象,设想 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice； deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate； forbid, imagine, risk； can’t help 禁不住, mind, allow/permit, escape。
此外，下列动词短语也要用动名词作宾语：
be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thank ...for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in), look forward to。
①We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.
我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。
②My mother couldn’t help smiling when she heard the good news.
听到那好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。
既可以接不定式也可以接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语
下列动词或动词短语既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：
后接不定式 后接动名词
regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事
forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事
remember to do sth.记得要做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事
try to do sth.努力/企图做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事
can’t help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
①I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.
我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。
②Missing this train means waiting for another hour.
错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。
四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1. “五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch，observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。
do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原)，doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成。
I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help
I was sleeping when I heard my name shouted.
2. 热点动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。
①make＋宾语＋
They made me repeat the story.
He raised his voice to make himself heard.
②let 最常用的结构为“let＋宾语＋do”，表示“让……做……”。
On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the consequences of their actions can do better.相反，那些让孩子体验自己行为结果的父母往往会做得更好。
Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔把行李进行了安检。
He got me to post the letter for him.
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow.
3. 固定短语，如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb. to do sth.等。
The patient was warned not to eat oily food.
with复合结构常用形式：
with
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.
With a lot of work to do, she wasn’t allowed to leave her office.
五、非谓语动词作主语和表语
1. 不定式和动名词 作主语和表语 [※非谓语动词只有不定式与动名词作主语]
成分 不定式 动名词
主语 (1)不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。 (1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It’s a waste of time doing ...；It’s no use/good doing ...；It is useless ... doing ...；There is no ...等中。
表语 (2)不定式作表语常用来表示预定要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，而不具有未来的含义。 (2)动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
例句：
①To climb the mountain is hard work but to go down the mountain is great fun.
②It is not easy to find your way around the town.
①His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
②My job is to clean the rooms every day.
①Knowing basic first aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
②It is no use complaining without taking action.
③There is no joking about such serious matters.
①Our job is playing all kinds of music.
②What she like most is lying on the grassland and bathing in the sunshine.
分词做表语
(1)非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语意为“ ________________”，而过去分词作表语意为“ ________________”。
The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.
这则消息令人激动，我们激动了整整一晚上。
(2)get, become, look, seem, appear等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语，表示 __________或主语的 __________。
This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn’t get discouraged right after failures.
温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们，失败后我们绝不能气馁。
考点三、非谓语动词在考题中的考查
高考对非谓语动词作状语的主要考查点有：
现在分词 过去分词 动词不定式
①表示主动和进行； ②表示自然而然的结果； 表示被动和完成 表目的
【注意】动词不定式作状语，还有only to do表示出乎意料的结果，以及“主语＋系动词＋形容词(表情感)＋to do”结构中不定式的用法也常在高考中出现。
命题法1 考查不定式作状语
典例(单句语法填空) Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ________ (find) it didn't fit.
【解题法】
(1)对不定式作状语的考查主要在目的状语、原因状语和结果状语上。熟知一些常用不定式的结构，观察语境找出答案。
(2)在语法填空中，常给出动词形式，考生需要考虑不定式作状语与分词作状语的区别，熟悉各自的意义及功能。
命题法2 考查分词作状语
典例3 (单句语法填空) As for the game, it will be rescheduled for tomorrow evening at the same time, _________ (depend) on the weather.
【解题法】
(1)对分词作状语的考查主要在条件状语、时间状语、原因状语、让步状语、结果状语和伴随状语上。找准分词动作的逻辑主语，根据语境确定答案。
(2)在语法填空中，常给出动词形式。考生需考虑现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别，熟悉各自的意义及功能。
高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要有：
现在分词 过去分词 动词不定式
表示主动和进行； 表示被动和完成； 表示在谓语动词之后发生的将来动作；
命题法 考查非谓语作定语的用法
典例(单句语法填空) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
【解题法】 各种非谓语形式作定语的用法
(1)熟悉不同的非谓语作定语的特点以及一些固定用法。
(2)在语篇型语法填空中，考查非谓语形式作定语一般都给提示词，考生需分析题意，结合语境找出被修饰词与所给动词的逻辑关系，以及非谓语动作发生的时间，从而判断出用哪一形式。
考查非谓语动词作补语、宾语、表语、主语时，要求考生能分析句子结构，熟知几种非谓语形式的特点，分析动作发生的时间以及与逻辑主语的主动或被动关系。
命题法 考查非谓语动词作补语、宾语、表语和主语的用法
典例1 (单句语法填空) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without ________ (use) electric equipment.
典例2 (单句语法填空) ________(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
【解题法】
(1)掌握一些非谓语动词的意义，功能和固定用法。
(2)在语篇型语法填空中，考查非谓语动词是给提示词的，考生要先分析句子结构，判断所填部分在句中所作的成分，然后再结合句意找出非谓语动作的逻辑主语以及两者间的关系，还要清楚非谓语动作的发生时间，从而确定答案。
【查漏补缺】
单句语法填空。
1.________ (judge) from his accent, he is from the south of America.
2. ________(struggle) with depression for years, she now understands the important of being healthy.
3. ________(give) a push, an object will move forward and do work.
4. Former Chinese premier Zhu Rongji is said___________ (donate) nearly 40 million yuan of all of his book's royalty(版税) income over the past two years.
5. The student ________ (absorb) in the games on the smartphone during class did not notice his teacher behind him.
6. A man, ________ (sentence) 18 years ago, was found not guilty, which amazed many people.
Square dancing, ________ (see) as a way to relax and exercise by some people, has brought about lots of arguments.
“Hope for the best and prepare for the worst” is a proverb, ________ (mean) life is beautiful and full of frustrations as well.
People from all the corners came to the city center, ________ (make) it very crowded.
He survived the crash, only ________ (die) in the desert.
【梳理优化】
一、常考题型：
1. 语法填空题 2.书面表达
二、解题技巧
第一步：辨别谓语与非谓语
第二步：判断语态
找非谓语的逻辑主语 ：
作定语时，被修饰的词是其逻辑主语；
作状语时，句子的主语是其逻辑主语；
作补语时，句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。
在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间是主谓还是动宾关系。
第三步：分析时态
根据非谓语自带的时间状语确定时间或根据上下文的语境确定时间。
语法填空解题技法面面观
技巧一 谨记句法功能
技巧二 牢记固定搭配
技巧三 辨清逻辑关系
三、口诀
(1) 歌诀巧记仅接不定式作宾语的动词：
同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。
准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。
不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心强。
agree (同意); offer (提出); intend,plan (打算,计划);
demand,ask (要求); promise (答应); help (帮忙);
prepare (准备); decide (决定); refuse (拒绝);
dare (敢于); choose (选择); wish, hope, want, expect (希望,想要);
fail (不能); pretend (假装); manage (设法); determine (决心)
下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon
承认推迟没得想：admit, delay/put off, fancy
避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice
否认完成停止赏：deny, finish, stop, enjoy/appreciate
不禁介意准逃亡：can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape
不准冒险凭想象：forbid, risk, imagine
名称 语 法 功 能
主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
现在分词 √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
【强化巩固】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
It has been said before, but 1._____________ (experience) it myself has made me want to say it again: a smile can cross all language barriers.
I recently 2.___________ (move) from Canada to a small city on the south coast of South Korea to work as an English teacher. One night, after a long day at work, I was feeling particularly worn-out. My legs 3.____________ (ache) and I wasn’t looking forward to 4._________ (cook) dinner. Just as I was about to 5.____________(push) the key into the door, the old landlady 6._________ (call) to me and motioned me into her apartment. I didn’t understand a word that she said, but I understood her smile. I followed her into her kitchen, which smelled like the wonderful Korean foods I was coming to love. 7.___________ (put) many dishes of food on the table, she sat down across from me. We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words. When it was time 8.___________ (leave), I said “thank you” in Korean, 9._________(use) some of the few words I had learned. I felt less lonely than I 10.____________(expect) that night.
【课后练习】
一、单句语法填空
1. Last night, there were millions of people ________ (watch) the singing contest live on TV.
2. Li Na, the first ________ (achieve) a ranking of world No. 2 in Asia, retired from tennis in September.
3. The two presidents agree with each other on the whole, but much remains ________ (discuss) at the next meeting.
4. Harry, please tell the people seated and ___________ (wait) for their turns to come to the headmaster’s office ten minutes later.
5. The office of the Students' Union will contact the ___________ (choose) candidates for an interview in a few days.
6. Feng Xiaogang, ____________ (recognize) by many as a leading director, left his handprint at the TCL Chinese Theatre.
7. In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared, __________ (combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.
8. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________(connect).
9. ____________ (communicate) on We Chat is a common phenomenon, and more people hardly write letters.
10. The ability _____________ (express) one's idea somehow decides how far one can get along in one's college.
二、语法填空
Fabien Cousteau was born with deep love for the ocean. His grandfather and his father were ocean 1. _______________(explore) and documentary filmmakers. Today, Fabien follows in his family's footstep to protect the planet's 2. _______________(danger) ocean life and tries 3. _______________(strike) a balance between environmental problems and market economies.
Fabien is well known for his study of sharks. During 2000﹣2002, he created a TV special based on the shark attacks that 4. _______________(occurr) along the New Jersey shoreline in 1916. Then in 2003﹣2006, 5. _______________ the help of a large crew, Fabien created a shark submarine that enabled 6. _______________(he) to put himself inside the shark world, providing people with a rare view of the mysterious and often misunderstood creatures.
For the next four years, Fabien was part of a series called Ocean Adventures, 7. _______________ offered a rare look into some of the most fantastic ocean species and environments.
In 2010, Fabien started a nonprofit project to help restore water ecosystems by replanting key ocean species. From June 1to July 2, 2014, Fabien and his team spent 31days underwater to discover 8. _______________ climate change and pollution are affecting the oceans. Fabien's Mission 31broke new ground by going deeper, longer and farther.
Fabine is 9. _______________(current) working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as 10. _______________ (build) an Ocean Learning Center to provide children around the world with the opportunity to learn about oceans.
三、阅读理解
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
4. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme
A. Costly. B. Controversial. C. Ambitious. D. Successful.
5. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino
A. She loves staying with her mother. B. She dislikes outdoor activities.
C. She is in good condition D. She is sensitive to heat.
6. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have
A. They had their first born in January. B. They enjoyed exploring new places
C. They lived with their grandmothers. D. They were brought to the reserve young
7. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve
A. The rhino section will be open to the public.
B. It aims to control the number of the animals.
C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
四、七选五
Naming a pet can be difficult considering all the cute names available. When naming your pet you want to make sure their name is short and simple, not something too crazy! Here are some ways to help you name your pet.
Think about your pet’s personality.
Does he/she remind you of a person, character, object, or personality. Is there an activity he/ she loves to do Is there a character trait that he/she reminds you of ____1____ For example, is Star Wars a popular thing in your family Maybe name your pet after Chewy or Leia!
Examine your pet.
Let’s take a dog for example. The dog is dark and reminds you of something you like. ____2____ Maybe he/she smells a lot, so you could name him/her Stinky. If you like cartoons, you may name him Pluto.
Get a name book.
A name book that is used to help pick baby names can help you find a name! ____3____ Hey, who knows, you could find some very interesting names!
Get inspired by your own life.
Maybe name your pet “Joker” if you like comic books. Do you collect or have interest in coins ____4____
____5____
For example, the name Princess Peanut Butter is cute, but too long to say to your pet every minute or two. Unless you plan to call the pet with the long name some quirky nickname like PPB, choose a name that is simpler that you could call the pet.
A. Consider your pet’s uniqueness.
B. Avoid names that may be too long.
C. Any of these could suggest a good name.
D. Search through some names in the book.
E.Long names can be tricky and confusing.
F.You may name him/her Smoky or Stormy.
G.Maybe name your pet Lincoln after the penny.
